Model Question Paper 2006 NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

FOR

ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS

PAPER-I: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT & ENERGY AUDIT

Duration: 3 Hrs.

Max. Marks: 150

Section-I: OBJECTIVE TYPE i) ii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Marks: 150 = 50

Each question carries one mark Put a ( ) tick mark in the appropriate box in the answer book

Which of the following is commercial energy source? a) Electricity b) Nuclear Energy c) Hydel d) Solar

Which country has the largest share of the global coal reserves? a) Russia b) China c) USA d) India

World oil reserves are estimated to last over a) 45 years b) 60 years c) 200 years d) 75 years

The global primary energy consumption (2002) was equivalent to a) 21,842 Mtoe b) 15,360 Mtoe c) 9405 Mtoe d) 12,396 Mtoe

The world average per person energy consumption is equivalent to _____tonnes of coal a) 3 b) 2.2 c) 4.5 d) 1.0

The type of energy possessed by the charged capacitor is a) Kinetic energy b) Electrostatic c) Potential d) Magnetic

Active power consumption of motive drives can be determined by using one of the following relations. a) 3 x V x I c) 3 x V x I2 x Cos b) 3 x V2 x I x cos d) 3 x V x I x Cos

The portion of apparent power that doesnt do any work is termed as a) Apparent power c) Reactive Power b) Active power d) None of the above

kVA is also called as a) reactive power c) active power b) apparent power d) captive power

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The ratio of maximum demand to the connected load is termed as a) Load factor c) Contract demand b) Demand factor d) none of the above

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The judicious and effective use of energy to maximise profits and enhance competitive positions. This can be the definition of: a) Energy conservation c) Energy policy b) Energy management d) Energy Audit

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The objective of energy management includes a) Minimising energy costs c) Minimising environmental degradation b) minimising waste d) all the above

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Replacement of steam based hot water generation by solar system is an example of a) matching energy usage to the requirement b) maximising system efficiency c) Energy substitution d) Performance improvement

14

The benchmarking parameter for air conditioning equipment is a) kW/Ton of Refrigeration c) kcal/m3 of chilled water b) kW/ kg of refrigerant handled d) Differential temperature across chiller

15

Which instrument is used to monitor O2, CO in flue gas? a) Combustion analyzer c) Pyrometer b) Power analyzer d) Fyrite

16

The objective of material and energy balance is to assess the: a) input-output c) losses b) conversion efficiency d) all the above e) none of the above

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In material balance of a process, recycle product is always considered as a) input to process b) output to process c) both (a) and (b) d) none of them

Sankey diagram shows in graphics ___. a) energy input b) energy output c) energy balance d) all the above

In a furnace, the lower the exhaust temperature ____ is the furnace efficiency. a) lower b) moderate c) higher d) none of above

In a heat treatment furnace the material is heated up to 800 C from ambient temperature of 30 C considering the specific heat of material as 0.13 kCal / kg C. What is the energy content in one kg of material after heating?

a) 150 kCal

b) 250 kCal

c) 350 kCal

4) 100 kCal

21

The force field analysis in energy action planning deals with barriers having a) Positive forces only c) Both negative and Positive forces b) negative forces only d) no forces

22

In force field analysis of energy action-planning, one of the actions below do not fall under positive force? 1) high price of energy 3) top management commitment 2) energy efficient technology available 4) lack of awareness

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The support for energy management is expressed in a formal written declaration of commitment. This is called a) Company policy c) Energy policy b) Management policy d) Energy efficiency policy

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The term Energy is a relatively high component of product cost, which motivates plant to take measures for energy conservation? This is a positive force in a field analysis towards achievement of goal. State True or False? An integrated energy purchase and energy management budget should be developed as part of the energy management action plan. This statement holds good for the companys a) Safety b) Accountability c) Reliability d) Stability

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Simple pay back period is equal to: a) Ratio of First cost/net yearly savings b) Ratio of Annual gross cash flow/capital cost c)
n

(1 + k )
t =0

CFt

d) All the above

27

Which of the following equation is used to calculate the future value of the cash flow? a) NPV (1 i)n c) NPV + (1 i)n b) NPV (1 + i)n b) NPV/ (1 + i)n

28

The cost of replacement of inefficient compressor with an energy efficient compressor in a plant was Rs 5 lakh. The net annual cash flow is Rs 1.25 lakh. The return on investment is: a) 15% b) 20% c) 25% d) 19.35%

29

The broad indicator of the annual return expected from initial capital investment is __ a) NPV c) ROI b) IRR d) Discount factor

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The factor that reflects the risk of the project while evaluating the present value of the expected future cash flow is ________________ a) Life of the project c) Capital cost b) Discount rate d) All the above

31 32

Project financing is the first step of project management- State True or False The term energy services contract in a project comes under a) Financing b) contracting c) monitoring d) evaluation

33

The contract in which project specifications are provided to a contractor who procures and installs equipment at cost plus a mark-up or fixed price is called a) Extended Financing terms c) shared saving performance contract b) guaranteed saving performance contract d) Traditional contract

34 35 36

CPM predicts the time required to complete the project State True or False The path through the project network in which none of the activities have slack is called a) start time b) slack time c) critical path d) delay time

Which of the following statements about critical path analysis (CPA) is true? a) The critical path is the longest path through the network b) The critical path is the shortest path through the network c) Tasks with float will never become critical d) The network should remain constant throughout the project

37

The network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times is called (a) CUSUM (b) CPM (c) PERT (d) Gantt chart

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Performance is done after implementation. State True or false In project management system, Critical Path Method CPM) allows for randomness activity completion time deterministic method while Programme Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) uses fixed time estimate for each activity. State True or False. Which of the following does not belongs to project planning technique? a) CPM c) Gantt chart b) PERT d) IRR (internal rate of return)

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Energy monitoring and targeting is built on the principle of _____. a) production can be reduced to achieve reduced energy consumption b) Consumption of energy is proportional to production rate c) You cannot manage what you do not measure

d) None of the above.

42

Which of the variable does not contribute to energy consumption? a) Production b) Hours c) Climate d) none of the above

43 44

Level of production may have an effect on specific energy consumption. State True or False The empirical relationship used to plot production Vs Energy consumption is (Y= energy consumed for the period; C = fixed energy consumption; M = energy consumption directly related to production; X= production for same period). a) X=Y+MC b) Y=Mx+C c) M=Cx+Y d) None of above

45

1 kg LPG = _____ kcal. a) 12,000 kcal b) 8000 kCal c) 6000 kCal d) 4000 kCal

46 47

The spread of the Stratosphere above the Earths surface is______ a) Below 15 km b) 10 to 50 km c) above 50 km d) above 100 km

The ozone layer in the stratosphere acts as an efficient filter for ____ a) Solar UV- B rays rays b) X-rays c) Gamma rays d) UV-A

48 49 50

The compounds that can easily break ozone molecules are______ a) Chlorine b) Bromine c) Both a & b d) None

The main source of CFCs in household sector is___________ a) Televisions b) Refrigerators c) Washing machines d) All

Global warming is due to release of a) SO2 b) greenhouse Gases c) inert gases d) free chlorine

Section-II: SHORT QUESTIONS i) ii) iii)

1

Marks: 510 = 50

Answer any TEN of the following Each question carries FIVE marks Each answer should not exceed more than 8 lines ( page)

Classify the types of the energy available on the earth? Energy can be classified into several types based on the following criteria as: Primary and Secondary energy Commercial and Non commercial energy Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

A 250 W sodium vapor lamp is installed on a street. The supply voltage for a street light is 230 V and it operates for around 12 hours in a day. Considering the current of 2 amps and power factor 0.85 calculate the energy consumption per day Energy consumption = = = V x I x Cos x no. of hours 230 x 2 x 0.85 x 12 4692 watts or 4.692 kW

What are the few comparative factors need to be looked in to for external benchmarking used for inter-unit comparison and group of similar units? Few comparative factors, which need to be looked into while benchmarking externally are: Scale of operation Vintage of technology Raw material specifications and quality Product specifications and quality

What is the purpose of material and energy balance? The basic purpose of material and energy balance is to quantify all the material, energy and waste streams in a process or a system.

to find out the difference between calculated/designed values and measured/actual values thereby making it possible to identify previously unknown losses and emissions. 5 What are the vital elements for a successful energy management programme? The four vital elements for a successful energy management program are: Top management support

Well charted strategy plan An effective monitoring system, and

Adequate technical ability for analysing and implementing energy saving options 6 Why organizations hesitant to invest money on energy conservation projects? i. ii. 7 Organization typically gives priority to investing in what they see as their core or profit-making activities in preference to energy efficiency Even when they do invest in saving energy, they tend to demand faster rates of return than they require from other kinds of investment.

Briefly explain shared saving performance contract. Shared Savings Performance Contract is the contractor, which provides the financing and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.

Why CUSUM technique is most useful? CUSUM technique is a simple but remarkably powerful statistical method which highlights small differences in energy efficiency performances. Regular use of the procedure allows energy manger to follow his plant performance and to spot any trends at an early date.

Write the importance of ozone layer? The ozone layer is highly beneficial to plant and animal life on earth filtering out the dangerous part of suns radiation and allowing only the beneficial part of reach earth. Any disturbance or depletion of this layer would result in an increase of harmful radiation reaching the earths surface leading to dangerous consequences.

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How do you relate plant maintenance to achieve energy efficiency in a plant? There is a clear dependence relationship between energy efficiency and maintenance. This operates at two levels: Initially, improving energy efficiency is most cost-effectively done in existing facilities through normal maintenance procedures Subsequently, unless maintenance is regularly undertaken, savings from installed technical measure, whether in new-build or existing facilities, may not be realized.

Section-III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS i) ii) iii)

1

Marks: 105 = 50

Answer any FIVE of the following Each question carries TEN marks Each answer should not exceed more than 20 lines ( 1 page)
List the strategies for better energy security of the nation? Some of the strategies that can be used to meet future challenges to Nations energy security are: Building stockpiles Diversification of energy supply sources Increased capacity of fuel switching Demand restraint Development of renewable energy sources Energy efficiency Sustainable development

What is heat transfer? Briefly explain three primary modes of heat transfer. The rate of energy transfer is called heat transfer. Heat is transferred by three primary modes: o o o Conduction (Energy transfer in a solid) Convection (Energy transfer in a fluid) Radiation (Does not need a material to travel through)

Conduction The conduction of heat takes places, when two bodies are in contact with one another. If one body is at a higher temperature than the other, the motion of the molecules in the hotter body will agitate the molecules at the point of contact in the cooler body and consequently result in increase in temperature. Convection The transfer of heat by convection involves the movement of a fluid such as a gas or liquid from the hot to the cold portion. Thermal Radiation Thermal radiation is a process in which energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves similar to light waves. These waves may be both visible (light) and invisible.

Give a typical energy audit reporting format. After successfully carried out energy audit energy manager/energy auditor should report to the top management for effective communication and implementation. A typical energy audit reporting contents and format are given below. The following format is applicable for most of the industries. However the format can be suitably modified for specific requirement applicable for a particular type of industry. Acknowledgement Executive summary - Energy audit options at a glance and recommendations Introduction about the plant Production process description Energy and utility system description - List of utilities - Brief description of each utility Detailed process flow diagram and energy and material balance Energy efficiency in utility and process systems Energy conservation options and recommendations - List of options in terms of no cost / low cost, medium cost, and high investment cost, annual energy and cost savings, and pay back - Implementation plan for energy saving measures / projects Annexures

Explain in brief the position of energy manager and Energy committee in an organisation? In your own words, explain what do you expect as support from top management? The energy management function, whether vested in one energy manager or coordinator or distributed among a number of middle managers, usually resides somewhere in the organization between senior management and those who control the end-use of energy. Exactly how and where that function is placed is a decision that needs to be made in view of the existing organisational structure. Because energy concerns different departments within a firm, an effective energy management programme must involve a number of people. In many companies, a committee is formed to include representatives of important departments. It can encourage communications and the sharing of ideas amongst various departments throughout the company. It can serve to obtain agreements on energy conservation projects, which affect more than one department. It can provide a stronger voice to the top management than a single manager normally could. The composition of the energy committee will vary from one company to another, depending on the existing management structure, the type and quantity of energy used and other company-specific factors. One of the roles of the top management is to publish a formal statement of its energy policy, which can be used to define company activities in energy matters for its employees. Further, top managements must,

 Involve in all energy committee meetings. Empower those given with responsibility for implementing the energy management programme. Ensure resources of manpower, budgets etc. Encourage discussion on energy in Staff/employee meetings 5 Explain the limitations with Simple Payback Period technique with an example. The limitations are: It fails to consider the time value of money. Cash inflows, in the payback calculation, are simply added without suitable discounting. This violates the most basic principle of financial analysis, which stipulates that cash flows occurring at different points of time can be added or subtracted only after suitable compounding/discounting. It ignores cash flows beyond the payback period. This leads to discrimination against projects that generate substantial cash inflows in later years. To illustrate, consider the cash flows of two projects, A and B: Investment Savings in Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rs. (100,000) Cash Flow of A 50,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 Rs.(100,000) Cash flow of B 20,000 20,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

60,000

The payback criterion prefers A, which has a payback period of 3 years, in comparison to B, which has a payback period of 4 years, even though B has very substantial cash inflows in years 5 and 6. It is a measure of a projects capital recovery, not profitability. Despite its limitations, the simple payback period has advantages in that it may be useful for evaluating an investment.