R8559B KVFG

Service Manual Types KVFG 122, 142 Voltage and Frequency Relays
Service Manual Types KVFG 122, 142 Voltage and Frequency Relays
HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

A person's normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronic circuits of ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd products are immune to the relevant levels of electrostatic discharge when housed in their cases. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured. 1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. 2. Handle the module by its front-plate, frame, or edges of the printed circuit board. Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors. 3. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential. 4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at the same potential as yourself. 5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag. More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-0F. If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k 10M ohms. If a wrist strap is not available, you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent the build up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in BS5783 or IEC 60147-0F.
SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142
R8559B Contents
SAFETY SECTION THIS MUST BE READ BEFORE ANY WORK IS CARRIED OUT ON THE RELAY CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 INTRODUCTION HANDLING AND INSTALLATION RELAY DESCRIPTION APPLICATION OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS MEASUREMENT AND RECORDS SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS TECHNICAL DATA COMMISSIONING LOGIC DIAGRAMS CONNECTION DIAGRAMS COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment which may vary from that described.
SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
Health and safety The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section. Explanation of symbols and labels The meaning of symbols and labels which may be used on the equipment or in the product documentation, is given below.
Caution: refer to product documentation
Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective/safety *earth terminal
Functional *earth terminal. Note: this symbol may also be used for a protective/ safety earth terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly eg. power supply.
*Note:The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the direct equivalent of the North American term ground.
Installing, Commissioning and Servicing

Equipment connections Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the equipment. Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated. If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards. Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used.
Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard. The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm2, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked: Voltage rating and polarity; CT circuit rating and integrity of connections; Protective fuse rating; Integrity of earth connection (where applicable) Equipment operating conditions The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits. Current transformer circuits Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation. External resistors Where external resistors are fitted to relays, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if touched. Battery replacement Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the equipment. Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected. Insertion of modules and pcb cards These must not be inserted into or withdrawn from equipment whilst it is energised, since this may result in damage. Fibre optic communication Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device.
Older Products
Electrical adjustments Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Mechanical adjustments The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Draw out case relays Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts. Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card. Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
Decommissioning and Disposal

Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to decommissioning. Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided. The product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any products containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of operation, may apply to the disposal of lithium batteries.
Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Insulation class: IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Class I EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Class I Installation Category (Overvoltage): IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Category III EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Category III This equipment requires a protective (safety) earth connection to ensure user safety. Distribution level, fixed installation. Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards. Compliance with the European Commission Low Voltage Directive. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.
Environment:
IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 73/23/EEC
Product safety:
EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 EN 60950: 1992/A11: 1997
Types KVFG 122, 142 Voltage and Frequency Relays Service Manual
Chapter 1 Introduction
R8559B Chapter 1 Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
INTRODUCTION USING THE MANUAL AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES
1 1 2 2 3
R8559B Chapter 1 Page 1 of 3
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
The KVFG relay provides comprehensive voltage protection for phase and earth faults together with measurements, communications, control and recording facilities. In addition, the relay incorporates frequency elements. As part of the K Range of relays, the KVFG can be integrated into an overall protection and control system by utilising its serial communications, thereby providing information for day to day management of power systems. This manual details the menu, functions and logic for the KVFG relays.
Section 2.
USING THE MANUAL
This manual provides a description of the KVFG relays. It is intended to guide the user through application, installation, setting and commissioning of the relays. The manual has the following format: Chapter 1. Introduction An introduction on how to use this manual and a general introduction to the relays covered by the manual. Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Handling and installation Precautions to be taken when handling electronic equipment Relay description A detailed description of features that are common to all KVFG relays. Chapter 4. Application of protection functions An introduction to the applications of the relays and special features provided. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Measurements and records How to customise the measurements and use the recording features. Serial communications Hints on using the serial communication feature. Technical data Comprehensive details on the ratings, setting ranges and specifications etc. Chapter 8. Appendix Commissioning A guide to commissioning, problem solving and maintenance. Appendices include relay logic diagrams, connection diagrams and commissioning test records.
Section 3.
AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS
The KVFG protection relays brings numerical technology to the successful Midos range of protection relays. Fully compatible with the existing designs and sharing the same modular housing concept, the relays offer more comprehensive protection for demanding applications. The KVFG relays provide voltage and frequency protection for power distribution systems, industrial power systems and all other applications where voltage or frequency protection is required. All voltage elements are selectable to operate for either under or overvoltage conditions, and can be selected to only operate for three phase conditions, or more normally for any one phase. Phase segregated outputs are available to provide comprehensive indications to the user. Neutral voltage displacement (residual overvoltage) protection is also provided and can either use a calculated or measured value (depending upon relay model and application). All frequency elements are selectable to operate for either under or over frequency conditions. Integral features in KVFG relays include negative phase sequence overvoltage, undervoltage blocking, load shedding capabilities and two alternative groups of predetermined settings. The relays also have integral serial communication facilities via K-Bus.
Section 4.
MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES
Two versions of the KVFG are available: KVFG 122 Two pole voltage/frequency relay KVFG 142 Four pole voltage/frequency relay The KVFG 122, due to its limited analogue inputs offers functionality which is highly dependent upon its connection. Two operation modes are available, set according to system data function link SDA. With SDA = 1, the relay is intended for neutral voltage displacement applications, whereas with SDA = 0 the relay is intended for phase-phase voltage/frequency protection. The KVFG 142 has four analogue input circuits and therefore offers a complete range of protection functions, only dependent upon the protection VT. The following table lists the features that vary between the two models, with the mode of operation for the KVFG 122 also being considered.
Section 5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES
Feature Protection Undervoltage Overvoltage Neutral voltage displacement Underfrequency Overfrequency Negative sequence overvoltage Measurement Frequency Voltage (phase-phase) Voltage (phase-neutral) Residual voltage Positive sequence voltage Negative sequence voltage CB operations Programmable Inputs/Outputs Logic inputs Output relays Note: q 3 4 q q q q q q q q q q
KVFG 122 SDA = 0 SDA = 1 q1 q1 q q1 q1
KVFG142
q q q q q q
q1 q1 q1 q
q q q q q q
q 3 4
q 8 8
indicates that a function is always available.
q1 indicates that this function will only be available if the 'spare' input is connected to a suitable voltage input.
Chapter 2 Handling and Installation
1. 1.1 1.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Receipt of relays Electrostatic discharge (ESD) HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT RELAY MOUNTING UNPACKING STORAGE
1 1 1 1 2 2 3
Section 1.
1.1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Receipt of relays Protective relays, although generally of robust construction, require careful treatment prior to installation on site. Upon receipt, relays should be examined immediately to ensure no damage has been sustained in transit. If damage has been sustained during transit a claim should be made to the transport contractor and ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd should be promptly notified. Relays that are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate installation should be returned to their protective polythene bags.
1.2
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) The relays use components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharges. The electronic circuits are well protected by the metal case and the internal module should not be withdrawn unnecessarily. When handling the module outside its case, care should be taken to avoid contact with components and electrical connections. If removed from the case for storage, the module should be placed in an electrically conducting antistatic bag. There are no setting adjustments within the module and it is advised that it is not unnecessarily disassembled. Although the printed circuit boards are plugged together, the connectors are a manufacturing aid and not intended for frequent dismantling; in fact considerable effort may be required to separate them. Touching the printed circuit board should be avoided, since complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) are used, which can be damaged by static electricity discharged from the body.
Section 2.
HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
A persons normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronic circuits are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed in the case. Do not expose them to risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the folowing precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured. 1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. 2. Handle the module by its frontplate, frame or edges of the printed circuit board. Avoid touching the electronic componenets, printed circuit track or connectors. 3. Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at the same potential as yourself. 5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag. If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k 10M. If a wrist strap is not available you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent a build-up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-OF. It is strongly recommended that detailed investigations on electronic circuitry or modification work should be carried out in a special handling area such as described in the above-mentioned BS and IEC documents.
Section 3.
RELAY MOUNTING
Relays are dispatched either individually or as part of a panel/rack assembly. If loose relays are to be assembled into a scheme, then construction details can be found in Publication R7012. If an MMLG test block is to be included it should be positioned at the right-hand side of the assembly (viewed from the front). Modules should remain protected by their metal case during assembly into a panel or rack. The design of the relay is such that the fixing holes are accessible without removal of the cover. For individually mounted relays an outline diagram is normally supplied showing the panel cut-outs and hole centres. These dimensions will also be found in Publication R6559.
Section 4.
UNPACKING
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the parts is damaged or the settings altered. Relays must only be handled by skilled persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Relays that have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being carried out at the same time as construction work.
Section 5. STORAGE
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the de-humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior to replacing it in the carton. Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into the relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated with moisture and the de-humifier will lose its efficiency. Storage temperature 25C to +70C.
Chapter 3 Relay Description
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17
RELAY DESCRIPTION USER INTERFACE Frontplate layout LED indications Keypad Liquid crystal display Flag display format MENU SYSTEM Default display Accessing the menu Menu contents Menu columns System data Fault records Measurements 1 Measurements 2 Neutral displacement 1 Under/overvoltage 1 Under/overfrequency 1 Negative sequence 1 Neutral displacement 2 Under/overvoltage 2 Under/overfrequency 2 Negative sequence 2 Logic Input masks Relay masks Recorder CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS Quick guide to menu controls To enter setting mode To escape from the setting mode To accept the new setting Password protection Entering passwords Changing passwords Restoration of password protection Entering text Changing function links Changing setting values Setting communication address Setting input masks Setting output masks Resetting values and records Resetting trip LED indication Selecting default display
1 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 16 17 18 19 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26
5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS Auxiliary supply Logic control inputs Analogue inputs Output relays Ouput relay minimum dwell time Setting the relay with a PC or laptop ALARM FLAGS
27 28 28 29 29 30 30 30
Section 1.
RELAY DESCRIPTION
The KVFG 122 and KVFG 142 relays use numerical techniques to derive protection and control functions. The KVFG 142 has four multiplexed analogue inputs whilst the KVFG 122 has two, each is sampled eight times per power frequency cycle. The Fourier derived power frequency component returns the rms value of the measured quantity. To ensure optimum performance, frequency tracking is used. The channel that is tracked is chosen on a priority basis, Va, Vb, Vc. Frequency tracking is not employed on the residual voltage to ensure maximum harmonic rejection. In the absence of a signal to frequency track, the sampling frequency defaults to the rated frequency of the power system. The KVFG 142 has eight output relays and eight logic inputs, the KVFG 122 has four relay outputs and three logic inputs. Each output relay can be programmed to respond to any of the protection or control functions, logic inputs can be allocated to initiate control functions. The logic inputs are filtered to ensure that induced ac current in the external wiring to these inputs does not cause an incorrect response. Software links further enable the user to customise the product for their own particular applications. They select/interconnect the various protection and control elements and replace the interconnections that were previously used between the cases of relays that provided discrete protection or control functions. The relays are powered from either a dc or an ac auxiliary supply which is transformed by a wide ranging dc/dc converter within the relay. This provides the electronic circuits with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails. The power supply also provides a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise the logic inputs. An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu to access data, change settings and reset flags, etc. As an alternative the relays can be connected to a computer via their serial communication ports and the menu accessed on-line. This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the relay, as it allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of just a single menu cell. Computer programs are also available that enable setting files to be generated off-line and these files can then be downloaded to the relay via the serial port. In addition to protection and control functions the relays can display all the values that it measures and many additional ones that it calculates. They also store useful time stamped data for post fault analysis in fault records, event records and disturbance records. This data is available via a serial communication port for access locally and/or remotely with a computer. The fault records, event records and disturbance records can be extracted automatically via the serial port and values can be polled periodically to determine trends. Remote control actions can also be made and to this end many K Range relays have been integrated into SCADA systems. K Range relays provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their particular applications. They provide many additional features that would be expensive to produce on an individual basis and, when the low installation costs are taken into account, it will be seen to provide an economic solution for protection and control.
Section 2.
USER INTERFACE
The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface providing the user with a means of entering settings to the relay displaying measured values, fault records and alarms. The series 2 relays have additional graphics to assist the user. The area in which the fault flags are displayed is divided up to denote the area associated with each tripping function. 2.1 Frontplate layout
Relay types Model number
KVFG142
Liquid crystal display
SETTING GROUP FAULT No
KVFG142 167342J
Serial number
Va/Vab Vb/Vbc V2
F n _ 2G2 1 2 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 R T 12 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FREQUENCY
STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3
Vc/Vca
Vo
AUX
Digit identifiers
TRIP HEALTHY
Flag identifiers
ALARM
Entry keys
LED indicators
0
RESET
Ratings
Vx 24/125V Vn 110V 50/60 Hz
Figure 1.
Frontplate layout
The frontplate of the relay carries a liquid crystal display (LCD) on which data such as settings and measured values can be viewed. The data is accessed through a menu system. The four keys [F]; [+]; [] and [0] are used to move around the menu, select the data to be accessed and enter settings. Three light emitting diodes (LEDs) indicate alarm, healthy and trip conditions. A label at the top corner identifies the relay by both its model number and serial number. This information uniquely specifies the product and is required when making any enquiry to the factory about a particular relay. In addition there is a rating label in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage and reference voltage. Two handles, one at the top and one at the bottom of the frontplate, will assist in removing the module from the case.
2.2
LED indications The three LEDs provide the following functions: GREEN LED YELLOW LED Indicates the relay is powered up and running. Indicates alarm conditions that have been detected by the relay during its self checking routine. The alarm lamp flashes when the password is entered (password inhibition temporarily overridden). Indicates a trip that has been issued by the relay. This may be a protection trip or result from a remote trip command; this can be determined by viewing the trip flags.
RED LED
2.3
Keypad The four keys perform the following functions: [F] [+] [] [0] function select/digit select key/next column put in setting mode/increment value/accept key/previous column put in setting mode/decrement value/reject key/next column reset/escape/change default display key
Note: Only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible when the relay cover is in place. 2.4 Liquid crystal display The liquid crystal display has two lines each of sixteen characters. A back-light is activated when any key on the frontplate is momentarily pressed and will remain lit until ten minutes after the last key press. This enables the display to be read in all conditions of ambient lighting. The numbers printed on the frontplate just below the display, identify the individual digits that are displayed for some of the settings, ie. function links, relay masks etc. Additional text around the display is used to define the areas in which the various parts of the fault information will be found. 2.5 Flag display format Now that there are five full fault records the top four left-hand digits no longer display Fn, Fn-1, . . . Fn-4 to denote the last and previous fault flags. Instead they now display Fn to indicate latched fault flags and Fnow to indicate unlatched flags (when cell 0023 is selected from the System Data column). The next two digits indicate the setting group that was in operation during the fault when Fn is displayed eg. G1 indicates setting group 1 and G2 indicates setting group 2. When Fnow is displayed then the setting group is that which is currently active. The majority of the rest of the display area is shared by six tripping functions and auxiliary timer information. The information relavant to each function is delimited by vertical lines. There are up to four characters on the display associated with each of these areas. Each is used to flag the operation of protection stages allocated to each function.
SETTING GROUP FAULT No
Va/Vab
Vb/Vbc
V2
F n _ 2G2 1 2 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 R T 12 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FREQUENCY
STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3
Vo/Vca
Vo
AUX
ALARM HEALTHY
TRIP
Figure 2.
Flag display format
As an example, consider the four character locations below the area marked |Va/Vab|. If a trip condition occurs involving phase A. Then one or more characters will be displayed. These characters can have one of four values, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Each digit flags the protection stage that has operated. It should be noted that each stage is independent of each other eg., stage 4 is not required to have a greater setting than stage 1. Flag information is similarly provided for the other five tripping functions, Vb/Vbc, V2, Frequency, Vc/Vca and Vo. It should be noted that not all tripping functions are allocated four stages, V2 and Vo has two and three, respectively. Three auxiliary timers are available AUX1, AUX2 and AUX3. The operation of one or more of the timers is denoted by the digits displayed in the three character locations above the area marked |AUX|. The final area of the fault display is utilised to indicate the remote trip operation of a circuit breaker. The characters RT appear in the lower left most area of the display when a remote trip has been generated.
Section 3.
MENU SYSTEM
Data within the relays is accessed via a menu table. The table is comprised of cells arranged in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet. A cell may contain text values limits or functions. The first cell in a column, the column heading, contains text identifying the data grouped under it in that column. 3.1 Default display The selected default display will normally show on the LCD and a momentary press of the function key [F] will change the display to the heading for the first column, SYSTEM DATA. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the column, row by row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column and the heading for that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will then move down the new column, row by row. Pressing the [F] and [0] keys together and holding for one second can be used to step back up the menu column. A short press of the [0] key will switch on the back light for the LCD without changing the display in any way. In this way the full menu may be scanned with just the [F] and [0] keys that are accessible with the relay cover in place, and reset actions can be effected. Following a protection trip the red trip LED will be lit. The display will change automatically from the default display to that of the fault flags for the last fault. Whilst the fault flags are displayed the trip LED can be reset by holding down the [0] for at least one second. The trip LED will be reset and the display will change to the default display that was last selected. The flag information will not be lost by this action, it can still be accessed under FAULT RECORDS. The display will not default to the flag information if the user interface is in use at the time. The default display will return 15 minutes after the last key press, or it can be selected more quickly by moving to any column heading and then pressing the [0] key for 1 second. The selected default display will appear unless there has been a fault when the fault flags will be displayed. It is possible to step through the available default displays by momentary presses of the reset key [0]. 3.2 Accessing the menu The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can be reset either to zero or some preset value. To change any other settings the cover must be removed from the relay to gain access to the [+] and [] keys that are used to increment or decrement a value. When a column heading is displayed the [] key will change the display to the next column and the [+] key will change the display to the previous column, giving a faster selection. When a cell that can be changed is displayed the action of pressing either the [+] or [] keys will put the relay in setting mode (indicated by a flashing cursor in the display). To escape from the setting mode without making any change the [0] key should be depressed for one second. Section 4 gives instructions for changing the various types of settings. Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because an accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions. Configuration settings include the selection of time curves, function links, VT ratios, opto-input and relay output allocation. Individual protection settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
3.3
Menu contents Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu. Each column has a text heading (in capital letters) that identifies the data contained in that column. Each cell may contain text, values, limits and/or a function. The cells are referenced by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is column 02, row 01. When a cell is displayed the four characters at the top left hand corner of the LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu table. The full menu is given in the following tables, but not all of the menu items listed will be available in a particular relay. Certain settings will disappear from the menu when the user de-selects them; the alternative setting group is a typical example, if group 2 settings have not been enabled, ie. the system data link SD4 is set to 0, then the menu columns NEUT DISP 2, UV/OV 2, UF/OF 2 and NEG SEQ 2 will not be visible. Additionally the KVFG 122 can be configured in one of two modes either as two phase to phase or neutral displacement plus phase-neutral or phase-phase measurement. In the first case no NEUT DISP cells will be visible and in the later the NEG SEQ cells will not be visible.
3.4
Menu columns Column Number 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F Heading SYSTEM DATA FLT RECORDS MEASURE 1 MEASURE 2 NEUT DISP 1 UV/OV 1 UF/OF 1 NEG SEQ 1 NEUT DISP 2 UV/OV 2 UF/OF 2 NEG SEQ 2 LOGIC INPUT MASKS RELAY MASKS RECORDER Description Settings and data for the system relay and serial communications Fault records for the last five faults Directly measured quantities (Va, Vb, Vc, Vo etc.) Calculated quantities (V1, V2 etc.) Neutral displacement protection settings group 1 Under/overvoltage protection settings group 1 Under/overfrequency protection settings group 1 Negative sequence protection settings group 1 Neutral displacement protection settings group 2 Under/overvoltage protection settings group 2 Under/overfrequency protection settings group 2 Negative sequence protection settings group 2 Settings for miscellaneous functions used in the logic User assigned allocation of logic input User assigned allocation of output relays Settings for the disturbance recorder [READ]. [SET]. [RESET]. [PWP].
The menu cells that are read only are marked Cells that can be set are marked Cells that can be reset are marked Cells that are password protected are marked
3.5
System data
Display 0000 SYSTEM DATA 0002 Password 0003 SD Links 0 Rem ChgStg 2 Rem CB Ctrl 3 Rem ChgGrp 4 En Grp2 5 FlagReset 7 Log Evts 8 Aut Rec Rst 9 CBcloseRst A OP Mode Status READ PWP PWP Description Column heading Password that must be entered before certain settings may be changed Function links that enable the user to activate options required 1= enable remote setting changes 1= enable remote control of circuit breaker 1= enable remote change of setting group 1= enable group 2 settings to be used and displayed 1= enable flags to be reset automatically 1= enable logic inputs and output relay status to be stored in event records 1= enable automatic reset for disturbance recorder 1= enable circuit breaker close pulse to be terminated by a trip signal KVFG 122 only 0 = selects 3 phase measurement mode 1= selects Vo plus 1 phase to neutral or 1 phase to phase measurement mode 0004 Description 0005 Plant 0006 Model 0008 Serial No. 0009 Freq 000A Comms Level 000B Rly Address 000C Plnt Status 000D Ctrl Status 000E Grp Now 000F LS Stage 0010 CB Control 0011 Software 0020 Log Status 0021 Rly Status PWP PWP READ READ SET READ SET READ READ READ READ SET READ READ READ Product description user programmable text Plant reference user programmable text Model number that defines the product Serial number unique number identifying the particular product Default sampling frequency must be set to power system frequency Indicates the Courier communications level supported by the product Communication address (1 to 255) Binary word used to indicate the status of circuit breakers and isolators Binary word used to indicate the status of control data Indicates the active setting group Indicates the last received load shedding command Indicates the status of the circuit breaker control Software reference for the product Indicates the current status of all the logic inputs Indicates the current status of all the output relay drives
0022 Alarms 0 Uncfg 1 Uncalib 2 Setting 3 No Service 4 No Samples 5 No Fourier 6 Test Wdog 7 CB ops 0023 Fnow
READ READ READ READ READ READ READ SET READ READ
Indicates the current state of internal alarms Error in factory configuration settings Operating in uncalibrated state Error detected in stored settings Protection out-of-service and not functioning No A/D samples but still in service Fourier is not being performed Test watchdog by setting this bit to 1 CB reached set number of operations Indicates the current status of the fault flags (these flags are not latched)
3.6
Fault records
Display 0100 FLT RECORDS 0101 Fault No 1 0102 Fn G1 0103 Va 0104 Vb 0105 Vc 0107 V2 0108 Freq 010A Vab 010B Vbc 010C Vca 010D Vo 0110 Clear = 0 Status READ SET READ READ READ READ READ READ READ READ READ READ RESET Description Column heading Number of fault record displayed may be selected (Fn to Fn4; Fn4 is the oldest) Flags (latched) indicating the functions that operated during the fault Phase A voltage measured during the fault Phase B voltage measured during the fault Phase C voltage measured during the fault Highest value of negative sequence voltage during the fault Measured frequency during the fault Value of Vab during the fault Value of Vbc during the fault Value of Vca during the fault Highest value of residual voltage measured during the fault Press [0] key to clear the fault records when this cell is displayed
3.7
Measurements 1
Display 0200 MEASURE 1 0205 Vab 0206 Vbc 0207 Vca 0208 Va Status READ READ READ READ READ Description Column heading Measured phase to phase voltage Vab Measured phase to phase voltage Vbc Measured phase to phase voltage Vca Measured phase to neutral voltage Va
0209 Vb 020A Vc 020B Vo 020C F
READ READ READ READ
Measured phase to neutral voltage Vb Measured phase to neutral voltage Vc Measured residual voltage Vo Measured frequency
3.8
Measurements 2
Display 0300 MEASURE 2 0305 V1 0306 V2 0310 CB ops Status READ READ READ RESET Description Column heading Calculated positive sequence voltage V1 Calculated negative sequence voltage V2 Total number of CB operations
3.9
Neutral displacement 1
Display 0400 NEUT DISP 1 0401 ND Links 0 1Vo 1 2Vo 2 3Vo 3 Vo calc 0402 VT Ratio 0403 1Vo 0404 1VoChar 0405 1tVo 0406 1Vo (tms) 0407 2Vo 0408 2VoChar 0409 2tVo 040A 2Vo (tms) 040B 3Vo 040C 3VoChar 040D 3tVo 040E 3Vo (tms) PWP SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional neutral voltage displacement functions 1= enable stage 1 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable stage 2 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable stage 3 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input (KVFG 142 only, unsettable otherwise) Overall ratio of the voltage transformer feeding the relay Voltage setting for stage 1 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 K factor to be used for stage 2 Voltage setting for stage 3 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 3 K factor to be used for stage 3
3.10
Under/overvoltage 1
Display 0500 UV/OV 1 0501 VF Links 0 1V Enable 1 1V Under Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional under/overvoltage functions 1= enable stage 1 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 1 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 1 element used for overvoltage protection 2 1V all=1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 1 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 1 setting 3 2V Enable 4 2V Under 1= enable stage 2 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 2 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 2 element used for overvoltage protection 5 2V all = 1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 2 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 2 setting 6 3V Enable 7 3V Under 1= enable stage 3 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 3 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 3 element used for overvoltage protection 8 3V all=1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 3 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 3 setting 9 4V Enable A 4V Under 1=enable stage 4 under/overvoltage protection 1=stage 4 element used for undervoltage protection; 0=stage 4 element used for overvoltage protection B 4V all = 1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 4 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 4 setting C Ph-N = 1 1= use phase to neutral voltages for protection 0 = use phase to phase voltages for protection This applies to KVFG 142 and KVFG 122 with SDA = 1 D UV Block 0502 VT Ratio 0503 1V 0504 1V Char PWP SET PWP 1= enable blocking of all undervoltage elements when measured voltage is below 15V Overall ratio of the voltage transformer feeding the relay Voltage setting for stage 1 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse)
0505 1tV 0506 1V (tms) 0507 2V 0508 2V Char 0509 2tV 050A 2V (tms) 050B 3V 050C 3V Char 050D 3tV 050E 3V (tms) 050F 4V 0510 4V Char 0511 4tV 0512 4V (tms)
SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET
Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 Time delay to be used for stage 2 Voltage setting for stage 3 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 3 K factor to be used for stage 3 Voltage setting for stage 4 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 4 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 4 K factor to be used for stage 4
3.11
Under/overfrequency 1
Display 0600 UF/OF 1 0601 FF Links 0 1F Enable 1 1F Under Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional under/ overfrequency functions 1= enable stage 1 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 1 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 1 element used for overfrequency protection 2 2F Enable 3 2F Under 1= enable stage 2 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 2 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 2 element used for overfrequency protection 4 3F Enable 5 3F Under 1= enable stage 3 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 3 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 3 element used for overfrequency protection
6 4F Enable 7 4F Under
1= enable stage 4 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 4 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 4 element used for overfrequency protection
0603 1F 0604 1tF 0605 2F 0606 2tF 0607 3F 0608 3tF 0609 4F 060A 4tF
SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET
Frequency setting for stage 1 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 1 Frequency setting for stage 2 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 2 Frequency setting for stage 3 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 3 Frequency setting for stage 4 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 4
3.12
Negative sequence 1
Display 0700 NEG SEQ 1 0701 NS Links 0 1V2 1 2V2 2 V2 Block 0702 1V2 0703 1V2Char 0704 1tV2 0705 1V2 (tms) 0706 2V2 0707 2V2Char 0708 2tV2 0709 2V2 (tms) 070A V2 Cl Bl SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional negative sequence voltage functions 1= enable stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage 1= enable stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage 1= block close pulse when negative sequence voltage above V2 Cl Bl setting Voltage setting for stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 K factor to be used for stage 2 Negative sequence voltage threshold to block a close pulse
3.13
Neutral displacement 2
Display 0800 NEUT DISP 2 0801 ND Links 0 1Vo 1 2Vo 2 3Vo 3 Vo calc 0802 VT Ratio 0803 1Vo 0804 1VoChar 0805 1tVo 0806 1Vo (tms) 0807 2Vo 0808 2VoChar 0809 2tVo 080A 2Vo (tms) 080B 3Vo 080C 3VoChar 080D 3tVo 080E 3Vo (tms) PWP SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional neutral voltage displacement functions 1= enable stage 1 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable stage 2 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable stage 3 neutral voltage displacement 1= enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input (KVFG 142 only, unsettable otherwise) Overall ratio of the voltage transformer feeding the relay Voltage setting for stage 1 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 K factor to be used for stage 2 Voltage setting for stage 3 neutral voltage displacement Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 3 K factor to be used for stage 3
3.14
Under/overvoltage 2
Display 0900 UV/OV 2 0901 VF Links 0 1V Enable 1 1V Under Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional under/overvoltage functions 1= enable stage 1 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 1 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 1 element used for overvoltage protection 2 1V all =1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 1 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 1 setting 3 2V Enable 1= enable stage 2 under/overvoltage protection
4 2V Under
1= stage 2 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 2 element used for overvoltage protection
5 2V all=1
1= output for all phase below/above stage 2 setting 0 = output for any phases below/above stage 2 setting
6 3V Enable 7 3V Under
1= enable stage 3 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 3 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 3 element used for overvoltage protection
8 3V all=1
9 4V Enable A 4V Under
1= enable stage 4 under/overvoltage protection 1= stage 4 element used for undervoltage protection; 0 = stage 4 element used for overvoltage protection
B 4V all=1
C Ph-N=1
1= use phase to neutral voltages for protection 0 = use phase to phase voltages for protection This applies to KVFG 142 and KVFG 122 with SDA = 1
D UV Block 0902 VT Ratio 0903 1V 0904 1V Char 0905 1tV 0906 1V (tms) 0907 2V 0908 2V Char 0909 2tV 090A 2V (tms) 090B 3V 090C 3V Char PWP SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET PWP
1= enable blocking of all undervoltage elements when measured voltage is below 15V Overall ratio of the voltage transformer feeding the relay Voltage setting for stage 1 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 K factor to be used for stage 2 Voltage setting for stage 3 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or inverse)
090D 3tV 090E 3V (tms) 090F 4V 0910 4V Char 0911 4tV 0912 4V (tms)
SET SET SET PWP SET SET
Time delay to be used for stage 3 K factor to be used for stage 3 Voltage setting for stage 4 under/overvoltage protection Selected characteristic for stage 4 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 4 K factor to be used for stage 4
3.15
Under/overfrequency 2
Display 0A00 UF/OF 2 0A01 FF Links 0 1F Enable 1 1F Under Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional under/ overfrequency functions 1= enable stage 1 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 1 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 1 element used for overfrequency protection 2 2F Enable 3 2F Under 1= enable stage 2 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 2 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 2 element used for overfrequency protection 4 3F Enable 5 3F Under 1= enable stage 3 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 3 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 3 element used for overfrequency protection 6 4F Enable 7 4F Under 1= enable stage 4 under/overfrequency protection 1= stage 4 element used for underfrequency protection; 0 = stage 4 element used for overfrequency protection 0A03 1F 0A04 1tF 0A05 2F 0A06 2tF 0A07 3F SET SET SET SET SET Frequency setting for stage 1 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 1 Frequency setting for stage 2 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 2 Frequency setting for stage 3 under/overfrequency protection
0A08 3tF 0A09 4F 0A0A 4tF
SET SET SET
Definite time delay for stage 3 Frequency setting for stage 4 under/overfrequency protection Definite time delay for stage 4
3.16
Negative sequence 2
Display 0B00 NEG SEQ 2 0B01 NS Links 0 1V2 1 2V2 2 V2 Block 0B02 1V2 0B03 1V2Char 0B04 1tV2 0B05 1V2 (tms) 0B06 2V2 0B07 2V2Char 0B08 2tV2 0B09 2V2 (tms) 0B0A V2 Cl Bl SET PWP SET SET SET PWP SET SET SET Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the optional negative sequence voltage functions 1= enable stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage 1= enable stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage 1= block close pulse when negative sequence voltage above V2 Cl Bl setting Voltage setting for stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 1 K factor to be used for stage 1 Voltage setting for stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or inverse) Time delay to be used for stage 2 K factor to be used for stage 2 Negative sequence voltage threshold to block a close pulse
3.17
Logic
Display 0C00 LOGIC 0C01 LOG Links 3 Aux2=DPU Status READ PWP Description Column heading Software links to select the available optional logic functions 1= enable tAUX2 as a delay on pick-up timer 0 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on drop off timer 5 Aux3=DPU 1= enable tAUX3 as a delay on pick-up timer 0=enable tAUX3 as a delay on drop off timer 6 Rly 7 Flags 7 CB Rec 0C02 tAUX1 SET 1= enable output relay 7 to latch flags, generate fault & event records and CB ops 1=enable CB operations register to be incremented Auxiliary timer 1 setting
0C03 tAUX2 0C04 tAUX3 0C05 tTRIP 0C06 tCLOSE 0C07 CB Ops> 0C0F Display 0 Manufacturer 1 Description 2 Plant Ref 3 3 Ph-Ph 4 Ph-Ph ND F 5 Ph-N ND F 6 3Ph-Ph ND 7 3Ph-N ND 8 PSV NSV F 9 MAX MIN Mod2
SET SET SET SET SET SET
Auxiliary timer 2 setting Auxiliary timer 3 setting Trip pulse time setting Close pulse time setting Alarm 1 setting for excessive circuit breaker operations Default display that is selected on power-up Manufacturers name Description of product Plant reference 3 phase-phase voltages A B phase-phase, neutral displacement and frequency A N phase-neutral, neutral displacement and frequency 3 phase-phase voltages and neutral displacement 3 phase-neutral voltages and neutral displacement Positive sequence voltage, negative sequence voltage and frequency Max phase-phase voltage, min phase-phase voltage, Max phase-neutral voltage and min phase-neutral voltage Max phase-phase voltage and min phase-phase voltage Alarm status
10 MAX MIN Mod1 11 Alarm Status
3.18
Input masks
Display 0D00 INPUT MASKS 0D01 Blk 1tVo 0D02 Blk 2tVo 0D03 Blk 3tVo 0D04 Blk 1tV 0D05 Blk 2tV 0D06 Blk 3tV 0D07 Blk 4tV 0D08 Blk 1tF Status READ PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP Description Column heading Logic input to block first stage neutral voltage displacement timer Logic input to block second stage neutral voltage displacement timer Logic input to block third stage neutral voltage displacement timer Logic input to block first stage under/overvoltage timer Logic input to block second stage under/overvoltage timer Logic input to block third stage under/overvoltage timer Logic input to block fourth stage under/overvoltage timer Logic input to block first stage under/overfrequency timer
0D09 Blk 2tF 0D0A Blk 3tF 0D0B Blk 4tF 0D0C Blk 1tV2 0D0D Blk 2tV2 0D0E L Trip 0D0F L Close 0D10 Ext Trip 0D11 Aux 1 0D12 Aux 2 0D13 Aux 3 0D14 Set Grp 2 0D15 CB Closed 0D16 CB Open 0D17 Bus2
PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP
Logic input to block second stage under/overfrequency timer Logic input to block third stage under/overfrequency timer Logic input to block fourth stage under/overfrequency timer Logic input to block first stage negative sequence overvoltage timer Logic input to block second stage negative sequence overvoltage timer Logic input to initiate trip pulse timer from external input Logic input to initiate close pulse timer from external input Logic input to initiate records from an external trip signal Logic input to initiate timer tAUX1 from external input Logic input to initiate timer tAUX2 from external input Logic input to initiate timer tAUX3 from external input Logic input to select group 2 protection settings from external input Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in closed position Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in open position Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in bus 2 position
3.19
Relay masks
Display 0E00 RELAY MASKS 0E01 1tVo 0E02 2tVo 0E03 3tVo 0E04 1tVa(-b) 0E05 1tVb(-c) 0E06 1tVc(-a) 0E07 2tVa(-b) 0E08 2tVb(-c) Status READ PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP Description Column heading First stage time delayed neutral voltage displacement output Second stage time delayed neutral voltage displacement output Third stage time delayed neutral voltage displacement output First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase A (-B) First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase B (-C) First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase C (-A) Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase A (-B) Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase B (-C)
0E09 2tVc(-a) 0E0A 3tVa(-b) 0E0B 3tVb(-c) 0E0C 3tVc(-a) 0E0D 4tVa(-b) 0E0E 4tVb(-c) 0E0F 4tVc(-a) 0E10 1tF 0E11 2tF 0E12 3tF 0E13 4tF 0E14 1tV2 0E15 2tV2 0E16 CB Trip 0E17 CB Close 0E18 Aux1 0E19 Aux2 0E1A Aux3 0E1B Level 1 0E1C Level 2 0E1D Level 3 0E1E CB Alarm
PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP PWP
Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase C (-A) Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase A (-B) Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase B (-C) Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase C (-A) Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase A (-B) Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase B (-C) Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for phase C (-A) First stage time delayed under/overfrequency output Second stage time delayed under/overfrequency output Third stage time delayed under/overfrequency output Fourth stage time delayed under/overfrequency output First stage time delayed negative sequence overvoltage output Second stage time delayed negative sequence overvoltage output Trip pulse output Close pulse output Output from the auxiliary 1 time delayed function Output from the auxiliary 2 time delayed function Output from the auxiliary 3 time delayed function Output in response to command to load shed to level 1 Output in response to command to load shed to level 2 Output in response to command to load shed to level 3 Alarm for circuit breaker maintenance
3.20
Recorder
Display 0F00 RECORDER 0F01 Control 0F02 Capture 0F03 Post Trigger Status READ SET SET SET Description Column heading Manual stop/start control (Running = started; triggered = stopped) Select the functions to be captured: Magnitudes/phase angles/samples Select the number of samples recorded after the trigger (1 to 511)
0F04 Logic Trig 0 +Opto0 1 +Opto1 2 +Opto2 3 +Opto3 4 +Opto4 5 +Opto5 6 +Opto6 7 +Opto7 8 -Opto0 9 -Opto1 A -Opto2 B -Opto3 C -Opto4 D -Opto5 E -Opto6 F -Opto7 0F05 Relay Trig 0 +Rly 0 1 +Rly 1 2 +Rly 2 3 +Rly 3 4 +Rly 4 5 +Rly 5 6 +Rly 6 7 +Rly 7 8 -Rly 0 9 -Rly 1 A -Rly 2 B -Rly 3 C -Rly 4 D -Rly 5 E -Rly 6 F -Rly 7
SET
Select the logic input to trigger the recorder (0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off) Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L0 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L1 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L2 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L3 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L4 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L5 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L6 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L7
SET
Select the output relay to trigger the recorder (0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off) Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 0 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 1 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 2 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 3 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 4 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 5 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 6 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 7
Section. 4
CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS
Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user interface. To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that the [+] and [] keys can be accessed. 4.1 Quick guide to menu controls Quick guide to menu control with the four keys
Current display Default display Key press [0] long [0] short [F] [+] [] Fault flags after a trip [0] short [F] [0] long [+] [] Column heading [0] short [0] long [F] long [F] short [] [+] Any menu cell [F] short [F] long [F] + [0] [0] short [0] long Any settable cell [+] or [] Effect of action Backlight turns ON no other effect Steps through the available default displays steps down to column heading SYSTEM DATA Back-light turns ON no other effect Back-light turns ON no other effect Back-light turns ON no other effect steps down to column heading SYSTEM DATA without resetting the fault flags resets trip LED and returns default display Back-light turns ON no other effect Back-light turns ON no other effect Back-light turns ON no other effect Re-establishes password protection immediately and returns the default display move to next column heading steps down the menu to the next item in the column move to next column heading move to previous column heading steps down the menu to the next item in the column displays the heading for the next column steps back up the menu to the previous item Back-light turns ON no other effect Resets the value if the cell is resettable Puts the relay in setting mode. The password must first be entered for protected cells
Current display Setting mode
Key press [0] [+] [] [F] [F]
Effect of action Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change Increments value with increasing rapidity if held Decrements value with increasing rapidity if held Changes to the confirmation display If function links, relay or input masks are displayed the [F] key will step through them from left to right and finally changing to the confirmation display Confirms setting and enters new setting or text Returns prospective change to check/modify Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change
Confirmation mode
[+] [] [0]
The actions shown in the shaded area can only be performed when the cover is removed. [F] long [F] short [F] means press F key and hold for longer than 1s means press F key and hold for less than 1s means press the F key length of time does not change the response
4.2
To enter setting mode Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the selected default display and switch on the back-light; the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed. Use the [+] and [] keys, or a long press of the [F] key, to select the column containing the setting, or text that is to be changed. Then with the [F] key step down the column until the contents of that cell are displayed. Press the [+] key to put the relay into the setting mode. Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing cursor on the bottom line of the display. If the cell is read-only, or password protected, then the cursor will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting mode.
4.3
To escape from the setting mode IMPORTANT! If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without making a change to the contents of the selected cell: Hold the [0] key depressed for 1s, the original setting will be returned and the relay will exit the setting mode.
4.4
To accept the new setting Press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears: Are you sure? + = YES = NO Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
Press the [] key if you want to further modify the data before entry. Press the [+] key to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode. 4.5 Password protection Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay. This includes time characteristic selection, VT ratios, function links, input masks and relay masks. Any accidental change to configuration could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions, whereas, a setting error may only cause a grading problem. Individual settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place by preventing direct access to the [+] and [] keys. The password consists of four characters that may contain any upper case letter from the alphabet. The password is initially set in the factory to AAAA, but it can be changed by the user to another combination if necessary. If the password is lost or forgotten, access to the relay will be denied. However, if the manufacturer or their agent is supplied with the serial number of the relay, a back-up password can be supplied that is unique to that particular product. 4.6 Entering passwords Using the [F] key, select the password cell [0002] in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. The word Password is displayed and four stars. Press the [+] key and the cursor will appear under the left hand star. Now use the [+] key to step through the alphabet until the required letter is displayed. The display will increment faster if the key is held down and the [] key can be used in a similar way to move backwards through the alphabet. When the desired character has been set the [F] key can be given a momentary press to move the cursor to the position for the next character. The process is then repeated to enter the remaining characters that make up the password. When the fourth character is acknowledged by a momentary press of the [F] key the display will read: Are you sure? + = YES = NO Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the password. Press the [] key if you want to modify the entry. Press the [+] to enter the password. The display will then show four stars and if the password was accepted the alarm LED will flash. If the alarm LED is not flashing the password was not accepted a further attempt can be made to enter it, or the [F] key pressed to move to the next cell. Note: When the password cell is displayed, do not press the [+] or [] key whilst the alarm LED is flashing unless you want to change the password! 4.7 Changing passwords When the password has been entered and the alarm LED is flashing the [+] key is pressed to put the relay in setting mode. A new password can now be entered as described in Section 4.6. After entering the fourth character make a note of the new password shown on the display before pressing the [F] key to obtain the confirmation display. Are you sure? + = YES = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the new password. Press the [] key if you want to modify your entry. Press the [+] to enter the new password (which will then replace the old one). Note: Make sure the new password has been written down before it is entered and that the password being entered agrees with the written copy before accepting it. If the new password is not entered correctly you may be denied access in the future. If the password is lost a backup password unique to that relay can be provided from the factory, or certain agents, if the serial number of the product is quoted. 4.8 Restoration of password protection Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing. This will occur fifteen minutes after the last key press. To restore the password protection without waiting for the fifteen minute time-out, select the password cell or any column heading and hold the reset key [0] depressed for 1s. The alarm LED will cease to flash to indicate the password protection is restored. 4.9 Entering text Enter the setting mode as described in Section 4.2 and move the cursor with the [F] key to where the text is to be entered or changed. Then using the [+] and [] keys, select the character to be displayed. The [F] key may then be used to move the cursor to the position of the next character and so on. Follow the instructions in Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change. 4.10 Changing function links Select the column heading required and step down to the function links SD Links, ND Links, VF Links, FF Links, NS Links or LOG links and press either the [+] or [] key to put the relay in a setting change mode. A cursor will flash on the bottom line at the extreme left position. This is link F; as indicated by the character printed on the frontplate under the display. Press the [F] key to step along the row of links, one link at a time, until some text appears on the top line that describes the function of a link. The [+] key will change the link to a 1 to select the function and the [] key will change it to a 0 to deselect it. Follow the instructions in Section 4.4 to accept the setting change. Not all links can be set, some being factory selected and locked. The links that are locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported by a particular relay, when they will be set to 0. Merely moving the cursor past a link position does not change it in any way. 4.11 Changing setting values Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed. Press the [+] or [] key to put the relay into the setting change mode. A cursor will flash in the extreme left hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the relay is ready to have the setting changed. The value will be incremented in single steps by each momentary press of the [+] key, or if the [+] key is held down the value will be incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released. Similarly the [] key can be used to decrement the value. Follow the instructions in Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change.
Note: When entering VT RATIO the overall ratio should be entered, ie. 11kV/110V VT has an overall ratio of 100:1. With rated voltage applied the relay will display 110V when the VT RATIO has the default value of 1:1 and when the ratio is set to 100:1 the displayed value will be 100 x 110V = 11kV. 4.12 Setting communication address The communication address will be set to 255, the global address to all relays on the network, when the relay is first supplied. Reply messages are not issued from any relay for a global command, because they would all respond at the same time and result in contention on the bus. Setting the address to 255 will ensure that when first connected to the network they will not interfere with communications on existing installations. The communication address can be manually set by selecting the appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column, entering the setting mode as described in Section 4.2 and then decrementing or incrementing the address. Then exit setting mode as described in Section 4.4. To automatically allocate an address to the relay, see Chapter 6. 4.13 Setting input masks An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function that can be influenced by an external input applied to one or more of the logic inputs. When the menu cell for an input mask is selected the top line of the display shows text describing the function to be controlled by the inputs selected in the mask. A series of 1s and 0s on the bottom line of the display indicates which logic inputs are selected to exert control. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display indicate each of the logic inputs (L7 to L0) being displayed. A 1 indicates that a particular input is assigned to the displayed control function and a 0 indicates that it is not. The same input may be used to control more than one function. 4.14 Setting output masks An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function. When a mask is selected the text on the top line of the display indicates the associated function and the bottom line of the display shows a series of 1s and 0s for the selected mask. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display indicate the output relay (RLY7 to RLY0) to which each bit is associated. A 1 indicates that the relay will respond to the displayed function and a 0 indicates that it will not. A logical OR function is performed on the relay masks so that more than one relay may be allocated to more than one function. An output mask may be set to operate the same relay as another mask so that, for example, one output relay may be arranged to operate for all the functions required to trip the circuit breaker and another for only those functions that are to initiate autoreclose. 4.15 Resetting values and records Some values and records can be reset to zero, or some predefined value. To achieve this the menu cell must be displayed and then the [0] key held depressed for at least one second to effect the reset. The fault records are slightly different because they are a group of settings and to reset these the last cell under
FLT RECORDS must be selected. This will display: Clear = [0] To reset ALL FIVE fault records hold the [0] key depressed for more than 1s. If the records are not cleared the oldest record will be overwritten by the next fault. 4.16 Resetting trip LED indication The trip LED can be reset when the flags for the last fault are displayed. They are displayed automatically after a trip occurs, or can be selected in the fault record column. The reset is effected by depressing the [0] key for 1s. Resetting the fault records as described in 4.15 will also reset the trip LED indication. If link SD5 is set to 1 the trip LED can be reset by energising a logic input that has been allocated in the input mask [OD11 tAUX1]. If link SD8 is also set to 1 then the trip LED will reset when the disturbance recorder has been triggered and the delay set for tAUX1 has expired. 4.17 Selecting default display The selection of the default display from the cell 0C0F Display has the following options, Manufacturer, Description, Plant Ref, 3 Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph ND F, Ph N ND F, 3Ph-Ph ND, 3Ph N ND, PSV NSV F, MAX MIN Mod2, MAX MIN Mod1 and Alarms. However, depending on the relay type and configuration, not all the options can be displayed as default. If an option is selected but cannot be displayed, the default display will be the next available selection. The following table demonstrates which default display is shown when each default selection is made. KVFG 142 KVFG 122 3Ph measurements Ph-Ph Selection Manufacturer Description Plant Ref 3 Ph-Ph Ph-Ph ND F Ph-N ND F 3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-N ND PSV NSV F MAX MIN Mod1 Alarm Status Display Manufacturer Description Plant Ref 3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-N ND PSV NSV F Alarm Status Alarm Status Display Manufacturer Description Plant Ref 3 Ph-Ph PSV NSV F PSV NSV F PSV NSV F PSV NSV F PSV NSV F MAX MIN Mod1 Alarm Status Vo plus other Ph-Ph Display Manufacturer Description Plant Ref Ph-Ph ND F Ph-Ph ND F Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status KVFG 122 Vo plus other Ph-N Display Manufacturer Description Plant Ref Ph-Ph ND F Ph-N ND F Ph-N ND F Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status
MAX MIN Mod2 MAX MIN Mod2 MAX MIN Mod1
Section. 5 EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS

Standard connection table KVFG 142
Function Earth terminal Watchdog relay (break contact) 48V field voltage Not used Not used Auxiliary voltage input Not used A phase voltage C phase voltage Residual voltage Not used Not used Not used Output relay 4 break [+] (+) IN IN IN Terminals 1 3 5 7 9 15 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Output relay 5 33 35 Output relay 6 37 39 Output relay 7 41 43 Opto control input L3 Opto control input L4 Opto control input L5 Opto control input L6 Opto control input L7 Common L3/L4/L5/L6/L7 Key to connection tables [+] and [] (+) and () IN/OUT indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply the signal direction for forward operation (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) () 45 47 49 51 53 55 2 4 6 8 10 16 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 (+) (+) (+) () Opto control input L0 Opto control input L1 Opto control input L2 Common L0/L1/L2 K-BUS serial port K-BUS serial port Output relay 3 Output relay 2 Output relay 1 make [] () IN OUT OUT Function Not used Watchdog relay (make contact) 48V field voltage Not used Not used Auxiliary voltage input Not used B phase voltage Phase voltage ref. Residual voltage ref. Not used Not used Not used Output relay 0
Notes: The KVFG 122 does not utilise the following terminals, voltage inputs 17 & 18, relay outputs RL4 to RL7 and opto isolated inputs L3 to L7. The voltage terminals 19 & 20 may be configured to measure phph or phn voltages and case terminals 21 & 22 can be used for either phph or residual voltage measurement. All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be made with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on connectors. Two connections can be made to each terminal. 5.1 Auxiliary supply The auxiliary voltage may be dc or ac provided it is within the limiting voltages for the particular relay. The voltage range will be found on the frontplate of the relay; it is marked (Vx = (24V 125V) or (48V 250V). An ideal supply to use for testing the relays will be 50V dc or 110V ac because these values fall within both of the auxiliary voltage ranges. The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only. To avoid any confusion it is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the Midos standard: for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to terminal 14 for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to terminal 14. 5.2 Logic control inputs There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits. They are rated at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field voltage to energise them. This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these inputs to a minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them when the relay is operational. Software filtering is applied to prevent induced ac signals in the external wiring causing operation of logic inputs. This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is energised in a positive sense before it is accepted. This ensures that the inputs are relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the wiring. The capture times are: 12 2.5ms at 50Hz and 10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed state for a time exceeding the above values.
The opto-isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups. Three (L0, L1, L2) have their common connection on terminal 52 and the remainder (L3, L4, L5, L6, L7) have their common connection on terminal 55. When they are to be energised from the field voltage then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to terminal 8, the negative of the field voltage. The logic inputs can then be energised by connecting a volt free contact between the positive of the field voltage, terminal 7, and the terminal for the appropriate logic input. The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the same contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to form a common line. In the example circuit below, contact X operates L1 of relay 1 and contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. There are no connections made to L2 as it is not used on either relay.
L0 L1 L2
46 48 50 52 X Y
46 48 50 52
L0 L1 L2
8 7 Common line
_ 48V + Relay 2
48V 7 + Relay 1
Figure 3
Connection to opto-isolated control inputs
The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to energise some from the station battery. The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is of higher rated voltage. The value of this resistor should be 2.4k for every additional 10V. The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute. 5.3 Analogue inputs The relays have either four (KVFG 142) or two (KVFG 122) analogue inputs depending on the model. All inputs are routed to the microprocessor board. Each is fed via an input transducer (VT), a low pass filter and a three range scaling amplifier. This amplifier has automatic gain control which automatically adjusts in accordance with the input signal amplitude. The amplifier gain increases as the input signal amplitude reduces to provide optimum measurement resolution and a large dynamic range. The analogue signals are sampled eight times per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the frequency of the input signal. 5.4 Output relays Four programmable output relays are provided on the KVFG 122 relay and eight on the KVFG 142. They can be arranged to operate in response to any or all of the available functions by suitably setting the output masks. The protection and control functions to which these relays respond are selectable via the menu system of the relay. In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact. Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions. As these contacts are mainly used for alarm purposes they have a lower rating than the programmable outputs. The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at the start of Section 5.
5.5
Ouput relay minimum dwell time Outputs from each stage of protection outputs tVo, tVa, tVb, tVc, tF and tV2 have a minimum dwell of 100ms. The contact dwell ensures a positive trip signal is given to the circuit breaker. All other outputs such as Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Level 1/2/3 and CB Alarm have no deliberate dwell time added to them. This is because they are either followed by a timer, or used for control purposes which require a faster reset time.
5.6
Setting the relay with a PC or laptop Connection to a personal computer (PC) or lap top via a K-Bus/RS232 interface type KITZ 101 will enable settings to be changed more easily. Software is available for the PC that allows on line setting changes in a more user friendly way with a whole column of data being displayed instead of just single cells. Setting files can also be saved to floppy disk and downloaded to other relays of the same type. There are also programs available to enable setting files to be generated offline, ie. remote from the relays that can be later down-loaded as necessary. The communication connections and available software are covered under Applications in Chapter 6.
Section 6.
ALARM FLAGS
A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Section 3.5 and is located in cell 0022 of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. They consist of eight characters that may be either 1 or 0 to indicate the set and reset states respectively. The control keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for function links. The cell is selected with the function key [F] and the relay then put in the setting mode by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor. The cursor will then be stepped through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the [F] key and text identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed. The only alarm flag that can be manually set is the bit 6, the watchdog test flag. When this flag is set to 1 the watchdog relay will change state and the green LED will extinguish. When any alarm flag is set the alarm LED will be continuously lit. However, there is another form of alarm condition that will cause the alarm LED to flash and this indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it does not generate an alarm flag. Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the unconfigured alarm is raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operate state.
Chapter 4 Application of Protection Functions
1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7. 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.2 8. 9.
CONFIGURATION Configuring the relay Default configuration CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY System data (SD) Neutral displacement links (ND) Under/overvoltage links (VF) Under/overfrequency links (FF) Negative sequence links (NS) Logic links (LOG) NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT (RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE) PROTECTION Application Voltage settings Definite time settings Inverse time curve settings Setting guidelines UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION Application Voltage settings Definite time settings Inverse time curve settings Undervoltage setting guidelines Overvoltage setting guidelines UNDER/OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION Application Frequency settings Definite time settings Setting guidelines Underfrequency setting guidelines Overfrequency setting guidelines NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION Application Voltage settings Definite time settings Inverse time curve settings Setting guidelines UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING Blocking the undervoltage elements Extended time delays CB Auxiliary contact monitoring Undervoltage blocking Blocking the frequency elements NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE BLOCKING AUXILIARY TIMERS
1 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 6 7 7 10 10 11 11 11 11 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 24
10. 10.1 10.2
SETTING GROUP SELECTION Remote change of setting group Controlled change of setting group FIGURES Figure 1a. Figure 1b. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7a. Figure 8. Figure 9. Residual voltage measured on a solidly earthed system Residual voltage measured on an impedance earthed system Neutral voltage displacement protection logic Under and overvoltage protectionlogic Under/overfrequency protection logic Co-ordination of underfrequency protection Negative sequence overvoltage protection logic Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 122) CB control logic including blocking signals Auxiliary timers
25 25 25
7 8 9 13 17 18 19 21 23 24
Section 1
CONFIGURATION
The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as the configuration. They include the function links, input masks, relay masks, etc. and are password protected to prevent them being changed accidentally. Together these settings select the functions that are to be made available and how they are to be interconnected. Before the advent of integrated numerical relays, protection and control schemes comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was produced to show these interconnections. The configuration of a numerical relay is the software equivalent of these interconnections. With the software approach, installations can be completed in much shorter times, especially for repeat schemes, saving valuable time and cost. A second advantage is the ability to make some changes without having to disturb the external wiring. Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation, it will be necessary to decide how the logic within the relay is to function. A copy of the logic diagram will be found at the back of this manual. It should be copied and the appropriate squares in the input and relays masks should be shaded in to show which logic inputs and output relays are to be assigned in each mask. The function links should then be drawn on the diagram in position 0 or 1 as required. These software links may turn functions on, or off, and when in the off state some unnecessary settings may not appear in the menu. As supplied the fourth under/ overvoltage stage is turned off and its associated settings 4V/4V Char/4tV/ 4V(tms) will not appear in the menu. The function link settings can now be read off the logic diagram and entered as a series of ones and zeros, in the boxes provided on the logic diagram. Case connection diagrams will be found at the back of this manual for the current models of K Range voltage and frequency relays. They may be copied and notes added in the appropriate boxes to indicate the function of the logic inputs and relay outputs. This diagram will then give the appropriate terminal numbers to which the external wires must be connected. In particular, it will show the terminal numbers to which the voltage transformer connections are to be made. Enough information is available from the logic and case connection diagrams to enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of complete protection and control scheme to be understood. 1.1 Configuring the relay Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration settings. These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the description in cell 0004 in the system data column of the menu. If the scheme is likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded to other relays. The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate general settings for the protection and control functions. It will then only require the minimum of settings to be changed during commissioning of the installation. 1.2 Default configuration The relays are provided with a basic configuration and typical settings to suit a basic application. The basic configuration provides:
Single stage undervoltage (definite time) Single stage overvoltage (definite time) CB maintenance alarm (KVFG 122 only) Single stage neutral voltage displacement (definite time, KVFG 142 only) Single stage underfrequency (definite time, KVFG 142 only) Single stage overfrequency (definite time, KVFG 142 only) Remote circuit breaker control (KVFG 142 only)
Section. 2
2.1
CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY
System data (SD) Select the system data column of the menu, enter the password and then step down to the cell containing the SD links. Press the [+] key to put the relays into setting mode and use to [F] key to step through the options. The option will be shown in abbreviated form on the top line of the display as each function link is selected. To select an option set the link to 1 with the [+] key and to deselect it set it to 0 with the [] key. The following options are available via links SD0 to SDA: SD 0 SD 1 SD 2 SD 3 SD 4 SD 5 SD 6 SD 7 SD 8 SD 9 SD A Rem ChgStg Not used Rem CB Ctrl Rem ChgGrp En Grp2 FlagReset Not used Log Evts Aut Rec Rst CBcloseRst OP Mode 1 = enable logic events to be stored 1 = enable automatic reset method for disturbance record. 1 = enable circuit breaker close pulse to be terminated by a trip signal 1 = neutral voltage displacement protection 0 = selects 3 phase measurement mode (Applies to KVFG 122 only) When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection. Now step down the menu to cell [0004 Description] and enter a suitable name for the configuration; a maximum of sixteen characters are available. Step down one cell [0005 Plant Ref.], where a suitable reference can be entered for the plant that the relay is to protect. If the configuration is for a relay that is to be applied to one particular circuit, then the reference by which the circuit is known can be entered at this time; a maximum of sixteen characters are available. 1 = enable remote control of circuit breaker 1 = enable remote change of setting group 1 = enable group 2 settings to be used 1 = enable flags to be reset automatically 1 = enable remote setting changes
Now move down the system data column to cell [0009 Freq] and set the frequency to 50Hz or 60Hz as appropriate. This is an important setting because it will be the default frequency used by the analogue/digital converter when appropriate signals are not available for frequency tracking. If the address of the relay on the serial communication bus is known then it can be entered at this time. This cell is password protected. This concludes the settings that can be entered in this menu column at this time. 2.2 Neutral displacement links (ND) Select the column NEUT DISP (1) and ND links. Press the [+] key to put the relay into setting mode and set the links to 1 that enable the required options available via links ND0 to ND3. ND 0 ND 1 ND 2 ND 3 1Vo 2Vo 3Vo Vo Calc 1 = enable neutral voltage displacement stage 1 1 = enable neutral voltage displacement stage 2 1 = enable neutral voltage displacement stage 3 1 = enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input (KVFG 142 only)
If the KVFG 122 is being used, with system data link SDA set to 0, this selects phase to phase voltage measurement mode. As such the neutral voltage displacement protection will not be available. Setting ND3 refers to the KVFG 142 only. On this relay, it is possible to measure the three phase to ground voltages, and hence a calculation of the residual voltage can be made. However, it should be considered that this calculated value will generally be less accurate than the measured value. Refer to Section 3.2. When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and then confirm the selection. Next enter the time delay characteristics for the enabled elements. Enter, or copy, the same settings into the NEUT DISP (2) column if it is active. It is not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 3Vo element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings. Note: It would be wise to ensure the logic is such that an element that is to be switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-up problems. A different time characteristic can be selected for each element in the second setting group, but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both. These registers are not reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the voltage falls below the set threshold. 2.3 Under/overvoltage links (VF) Select the VF links under the UV/OV 1 menu column heading and put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required.
VF 0 VF 1 VF 2 VF 3 VF 4 VF 5 VF 6 VF 7 VF 8 VF 9 VF A VF B VF C VF D
1V Enable 1V Under 1V all = 1 2V Enable 2V Under 2V all = 1 3V Enable 3V Under 3V all = 1 4V Enable 4V Under 4V all = 1 Ph-N = 1 UV Block
1 = enable stage 1 under/overvoltage element 1 = stage 1 set for undervoltage protection 0 = stage 1 set for overvoltage protection 1 = stage 1 output only if all phases operate 0 = stage 1 output if any phase operates 1 = enable stage 2 under/overvoltage element 1 = stage 2 set for undervoltage protection 0 = stage 2 set for overvoltage protection 1 = stage 2 output only if all phases operate 0 = stage 2 output if any phase operates 1 = enable stage 3 under/overvoltage element 1 = stage 3 set for undervoltage protection 0 = stage 3 set for overvoltage protection 1 = stage 3 output only if all phases operate 0 = stage 3 output if any phase operates 1 = enable stage 4 under/overvoltage element 1 = stage 4 set for undervoltage protection 0 = stage 4 set for overvoltage protection 1 = stage 4 output only if all phases operate 0 = stage 4 output if any phase operates 1 = utilise phase to neutral voltages for protection 0 = utilise phase to phase voltages for protection 1 = enable blocking of all undervoltage elements when the measured voltage is below 15V (or 55V on 440V relay)
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection. Next enter the time delay characteristic for each element. Enter, or copy, the same settings into the UV/OV 2 column if it is active. It is not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 4V element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings. Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-up problems. A different time characteristic can be selected for each element in the second setting group, but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If two different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both and these registers will not be reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the voltage is below the set overvoltage, or above the set undervoltage threshold.
2.4
Under/overfrequency links (FF) Select the FF links under the UF/OF 1 menu column heading and put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required. FF 0 FF 1 FF 2 FF 3 FF 4 FF 5 FF 6 FF 7 1F Enable 1F Under 2F Enable 2F Under 3F Enable 3F Under 4F Enable 4F Under 1 = enable stage 1 under/overfrequency element 1 = stage 1 set for underfrequency protection 0 = stage 1 set for overfrequency protection 1 = enable stage 2 under/overfrequency element 1 = stage 2 set for underfrequency protection 0 = stage 2 set for overfrequency protection 1 = enable stage 3 under/overfrequency element 1 = stage 3 set for underfrequency protection 0 = stage 3 set for overfrequency protection 1 = enable stage 4 under/overfrequency element 1 = stage 4 set for underfrequency protection 0 = stage 4 set for overfrequency protection When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection. Next enter the time delay for each element. Enter, or copy, the same settings into the UF/OF 2 column if it is active. It is not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 2F element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings. Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latchup problems.
2.5
Negative sequence links (NS) Select the column NEG SEQ 1 and NS links. Press the [+] key to put the relay into setting mode and set the links to 1 that enable the required options available via links NS0 to NS2. NS 0 NS 1 NS 2 1V2 2V2 V2 Block 1 = enable stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage 1 = enable stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage 1 = block CB close pulse if negative sequence voltage is greater than V2 Cl Bl setting
If the KVFG 122 is being used, with system data link SDA set to 1, this selects neutral displacement measurement mode. As such the negative sequence overvoltage protection will not be available. When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and then confirm the selection. Next enter the time delay characteristics for the enabled elements.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the NEG SEQ 2 column if it is active. It is not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 2V2 element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings. Note: It would be wise to ensure the logic is such that an element that is to be switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-up problems. A different time characteristic can be selected for each element in the second setting group, but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both. These registers are not reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the voltage falls below the set threshold. 2.6 Logic links (LOG) The logic links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required. LOG 0 LOG 1 LOG 2 LOG 3 LOG 4 LOG 5 LOG 6 LOG 7 Not used Not used Not used Aux2 = DPU Not used Aux3 = DPU Rly 7 Flags CB Rec 1 = enable tAUX3 as a delay on pick-up timer 0 = enable tAUX3 as a delay on drop-off timer 1 = enable RL7 to latch flags, generate fault records and CB maintenance data 1 = enable CB operations register to be incremented 1 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on pick-up timer 0 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on drop-off timer
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection. Set the circuit breaker close and trip pulse time delays tCLOSE and tTRIP. Select the default display that appears on start-up.
Section 3.
NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT (RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE) PROTECTION
3.1
Application On a healthy three phase power system, the addition of each of the three phase to earth voltages is nominally zero, as it is the vector addition of three balanced vectors at 120 to one another. However, when an earth fault occurs on the primary system this balance is upset and a residual voltage is produced. This could be measured, for example, at the secondary terminals of a voltage transformer having a broken delta secondary connection. Hence, a residual voltage measuring relay can be used to offer earth fault protection on such a system. Note that this condition causes a rise in the neutral voltage with respect to earth which is commonly referred to as neutral voltage displacement or NVD. Figures 1a and 1b show the residual voltages that are produced during earth fault conditions occurring on a solid and impedance earthed power system respectively:-
S ZS
R ZL
AG
VA VA
VC
VB
VC
VB
VC
VB
VA VB VC
VRES VA VB VC
VRES VC
VB
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE AT R (RELAYING POINT) DEPENDANT UPON ZS/ZL RATIO. ZSO 2ZS1 + ZSO + 2ZL1 + ZLO
VRES
X 3 E
Figure 1a.
Residual voltage measured on a solidly earthed system
E N
S ZS
R ZL
ZE G
AG
VAG
S G,F S R
VAG
G,F
S R G,F
VCG
VBG
VCG
VBG
VCG
VBG
VRES VBG VAG VCG
VRES VBG VAG VCG
VRES VBG
VCG
VRES
ZSO + 3ZE 2ZS1 + ZSO + 2ZL1 + ZLO +
X 3 E
3ZE
Figure 1b.
Residual voltage measured on an impedance earthed system
As can be seen in Fig. 1a, the residual voltage measured by a relay for an earth fault on a solidly earthed system is solely dependent upon the ratio of source impedance behind the relay to line impedance in front of the relay, up to the point of fault. For a remote fault, the Zs/Zl ratio will be small, resulting in a correspondingly small residual voltage. As such, depending upon the relay setting, such a relay would only operate for faults up to a certain distance along the system. The value of residual voltage generated for an earth fault condition is given by the general formula shown in Figure 1a. Figure 1b shows that a resistance earthed system will always generate a relatively large degree of residual voltage, as the zero sequence source impedance now includes the earthing impedance. It follows then, that the residual voltage generated by an earth fault on an insulated system will be the highest possible value (3 x phase-neutral voltage), as the zero sequence source impedance is infinite. From the previous information it can be seen that the detection of a residual overvoltage condition is an alternative means of earth fault detection, which does
not require any measurement of current. This may be particularly advantageous in high impedance earthed or insulated systems, where the provision of core balance CTs on each feeder may be either impractical, or uneconomic. It must be noted that where residual overvoltage protection is applied, such a voltage will be generated for a fault occurring anywhere on that section of the system and hence the NVD protection must co-ordinate with other earth fault protections. The NVD element within the KVFG relays is of a three stage design, each stage having separate voltage and time delay settings. Each stage may be set to operate on either an IDMT or DT characteristic. Note: On the KVFG122, with system data link SDA = 0, the neutral voltage displacement protection elements are disabled.
ND0
0 1
OD01 Blk 1tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1Vo
&
OE01 1tVo 1tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND1
0 1
OD02 Blk 2tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2Vo
&
OE02 2tVo 21tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND2
0 1
OD03 Blk 3tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3Vo
&
OE03 3tVo 3tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 2.
Neutral voltage displacement protection logic
Multiple stages are included for the NVD protection to account for applications which require both alarm and trip stages; for example, an insulated system. It is common in such a case for the system to have been designed to withstand the associated healthy phase overvoltages for a number of hours following an earth fault. In such applications, an alarm is generated soon after the condition is detected, which serves to indicate the presence of an earth fault on the system. This gives time for system operators to locate and isolate the fault. Subsequent stages of the protection can issue a trip signal if the fault condition persists. The KVFG relays each have a separate voltage input for measurement of the residual voltage. The KVFG142 relay can if required, internally derive the residual voltage from the 3 phase voltage inputs which must be supplied from either a 5-limb or three single phase VTs. These types of VT design allow the passage of residual flux and consequently permit the relay to derive the required residual voltage. In addition, the primary star point of the VT must be earthed. A three limb VT has no path for residual flux and is therefore unsuitable to supply the relay for this application. The output of the broken delta winding will predominantly be at the fundamental frequency. However, it will also contain other in-phase components (triplen harmonics) which will be filtered by the combination of anti-aliasing and Fourier filters (refer to Chapter 7, Section 1.15 concerning the frequency response). From this point of view, apart from the fundamental frequency signal, the most prevalent harmonic will be the 3rd harmonic, for which the KVFG provides a rejection ratio greater than 20:1.
3.2
Voltage settings The following table details the NVD voltage settings; Symbol Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn =100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn =100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 3 (Vn =100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn = 415/440V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn = 415/440V) Voltage Threshold Stage 3 (Vn = 415/440) 1Vo 2Vo 3Vo 1Vo 2Vo 3Vo Min 1V 1V 1V 4V 4V 4V Max 100V 100V 100V 400V 400V 400V Step 1V 1V 1V 4V 4V 4V
Although all settings refer to the neutral voltage displacement protection in terms of Vo, it should be considered that the measured voltage and hence any displayed and set figures are residual voltages. In order to know the actual zero sequence voltage value, the values being measured should be divided by 3, since the magnitude of residual voltage is equivalent to three time the zero sequence voltage magnitude. On KVFG 142 relays, there is the ability to calculate the residual voltage based upon the phase-ground voltages connected to the relay. (Function link ND3 set to 1). However, due to the measurement technique, this results in decreasing accuracy below settings of 5V (20V on 440V versions), outside the normal accuracy claims. 3.3 Definite time settings Each stage can be selected to have a definite time characteristic. The operation time will be the set time for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output relay and the time taken to detect the neutral displacement condition. The same register is used for each time delay in both setting groups and the timer is not reset when switching from one setting group to the other. Thus switching from a setting group with a long time setting to that with a short time setting may result in a trip if the shorter time setting had already elapsed. Symbol DT Setting Stage 1 DT Setting Stage 2 DT Setting Stage 3 1tVo 2tVo 3tVo Min 0 0 0 Max 600s 600s 600s Step 0.01s graded 0.01s graded 0.01s graded
3.4
Inverse time curve settings The IDMT characteristic available on each stage is defined by the following formula: K t = (M 1) Where; K = Time multiplier setting (eg. Vo(tms), etc) t = Operating time in seconds Residual voltage Setting voltage
M=
The related setting ranges are given in the table below: Symbol K Setting Stage 1 K Setting Stage 2 K Setting Stage 3 3.5 Setting guidelines The voltage setting applied to the elements is dependent upon the magnitude of residual voltage that is expected to occur during the earth fault condition. This in turn is dependent upon the method of system earthing employed and may be calculated by using the formulae previously given in Figures 1a and 1b. It must also be ensured that the relay is set above any standing level of residual voltage that is present on the system. Note that IDMT characteristics are selectable on each stage of NVD in order that elements located at various points on the system may be time graded with one another. Wherever possible, it should be ensured that a suitable voltage is connected to the KVFG relay for frequency tracking (no tracking is available from the residual voltage inputs). If the relay does not have any suitable voltage connected, the relay is unable to track and the operational range of the NVD element with regard to frequency is severly reduced. When tracking the system frequency, the NVD element will function over the entire frequency range of 45 to 65Hz, whereas without tracking this is reduced to the set system frequency Fn1Hz. 1Vo(tms) 2Vo(tms) 3Vo(tms) Min 0.5 0.5 0.5 Max 100 100 100 Step 0.5 0.5 0.5
Section 4.
4.1
UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
Application Undervoltage conditions may occur on a power system for a variety of reasons, some of which are outlined below: Increased system loading. Generally, some corrective action would be taken by voltage regulating equipment such as AVRs or On Load Tap Changers, in order to bring the system voltage back to its nominal value. If the regulating equipment is unsuccessful in restoring healthy system voltage, then tripping by means of an undervoltage relay will be required following a suitable time delay.
Faults occurring on the power system result in a reduction in voltage of the phases involved in the fault. The proportion by which the voltage decreases is directly dependent upon the type of fault, method of system earthing and its location with respect to the relaying point. Consequently, co-ordination with other voltage and current-based protection devices is essential in order to achieve correct discrimination. Complete loss of busbar voltage. This may occur due to fault conditions present on the incomer or busbar itself, resulting in total isolation of the incoming power supply. For this condition, it may be a requirement for each of the outgoing circuits to be isolated, such that when supply voltage is restored, the load is not connected. Hence, the automatic tripping of a feeder upon detection of complete loss of voltage may be required. This may be achieved by a three phase undervoltage element. Where outgoing feeders from a busbar are supplying induction motor loads, excessive dips in the supply may cause the connected motors to stall, and should be tripped for voltage reductions which last longer than a predetermined time. Such undervoltage protection may be present in the protective device on the motor feeder itself. However, if it is not, the inclusion of this functionality within the feeder protection relay on the incomer may prove beneficial. Undervoltage conditions are relatively common, as they are related to fault conditions etc. However, overvoltage conditions are also a possibility and are generally related to loss of load conditions as described below; Under conditions of load rejection, the supply voltage will increase in magnitude. This situation would normally be rectified by voltage regulating equipment such as AVRs or on-load tap changers. However, failure of this equipment to bring the system voltage back within prescribed limits leaves the system with an overvoltage condition which must be cleared in order to preserve the life of the system insulation. Hence, overvoltage protection which is suitably time delayed to allow for normal regulator action, may be applied. During earth fault conditions on a power system there may be an increase in the healthy phase voltages. Ideally, the system should be designed to withstand such overvoltages for a defined period of time. Normally, there will be a primary protection element employed to detect the earth fault condition and to issue a trip command if the fault is uncleared after a nominal time. However, it would be possible to use an overvoltage element as a back-up protection in this instance. A single stage of protection would be sufficient, having a definite time delay.
VF1 0 1 VF0 0 1 OD04 Blk 1tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF1 0 1 VF4 0 1 VF3 0 1 OD05 Blk 2tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF4 0 1 VF7 0 1 OD06 Blk 3tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF7 0 1 VFA 0 1 VF9 0 1 OD07 Blk 4tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VFA 0 1
1 &
1V
VF2
1tV
1 0
&
OE04 1tVa(-b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE05 1tVb(-c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE06 1tVc(-a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 &
2V
VF5
2tV
1 0
&
OE07 2tVa(-b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE08 2tVb(-c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE09 2tVc(-a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 &
3V
VF6 0 1
VF8
3tV
1 0
&
OE0A 3tVa(-b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0B 3tVb(-c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0C 3tVc(-a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 &
4V
VFB
4tV
1 0
&
OE0D 4tVa(-b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0E 4tVb(-c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0F 4tVc(-a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FROM UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING LOGIC
Figure 3.
Under and overvoltage protection logic
The under/overvoltage protection included within the KVFG relays consists of four independent stages which are configurable as either under or overvoltage protection, using phase to phase or phase to neutral measuring. Each stage may be selected as either IDMT or DT and outputs are available for either single or three phase conditions. Note: On the KVFG122, with system data link SDA = 1, the under/overvoltage protection only gives an output signal on the A phase output contact. No outputs can be given for either B or C phases.
4.2
Voltage settings The following table details the voltage settings for the under/overvoltage elements; Symbol Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 3 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 4 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn = 415/440V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn = 415/440V) Voltage Threshold Stage 3 (Vn = 415/440) Voltage Threshold Stage 4 (Vn = 415/440) 4V 20V 800V 4V 3V 20V 800V 4V 2V 20V 800V 4V 1V 20V 800V 4V 4V 5V 200V 1V 3V 5V 200V 1V 2V 5V 200V 1V 1V 5V 200V 1V Min Max Step
4.3
Definite time settings Each stage can be selected to have a definite time characteristic. The operation time will be the set time for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output relay and the time taken to detect the under or overvoltage condition. The same register is used for each time delay in both setting groups and the timer is not reset when switching from one setting group to the other. Thus switching from a setting group with a long time setting to that with a short time setting may result in a trip if the shorter time setting had already elapsed. Symbol DT Setting Stage 1 DT Setting Stage 2 DT Setting Stage 3 DT Setting Stage 4 1tV 2tV 3tV 4tV Min 0 0 0 0 Max 100s 100s 100s 100s Step 0.01s graded 0.01s graded 0.01s graded 0.01s graded
4.4
Inverse time curve settings The IDMT characteristic available on each stage is defined by the following formula: Where; t Where; K = Time multiplier setting (1V(tms), etc) t = Operating time in seconds Measured voltage Setting voltage = K |M 1|
M=
The related setting ranges are given in the table below: Symbol K Setting Stage 1 K Setting Stage 2 K Setting Stage 3 K Setting Stage 4 4.5 1V(tms) 2V(tms) 3V(tms) 4V(tms) Min 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Max 100 100 100 100 Step 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Undervoltage setting guidelines In the majority of applications, undervoltage protection is not required to operate during system earth fault conditions. If this is the case, the element should be selected in the menu to operate from a phase to phase voltage measurement, as this quantity is less affected by single phase voltage depressions due to earth faults. The voltage threshold setting for the undervoltage protection should be set at some value below the voltage excursions which may be expected under normal system operating conditions. This threshold is dependent upon the system in question but typical healthy system voltage excursions may be in the order of 10% of nominal value. Similar comments apply with regard to a time setting for this element, ie. the required time delay is dependent upon the time for which the system is able to withstand a depressed voltage. As mentioned earlier, if motor loads are connected, then a typical time setting may be in the order of 0.5 seconds.
4.6
Overvoltage setting guidelines The inclusion of the multiple voltage stages and their respective operating characteristics allows for a number of possible applications; Use of the IDMT characteristic gives the option of a longer time delay if the overvoltage condition is only slight but results in a fast trip for a severe overvoltage. As the voltage settings for the stages are independent, a second stage could then be set lower than the first to provide a time delayed alarm stage if required.
Alternatively, if preferred, multiple stages could be set to definite time and configured to provide the required alarm and trip stages. If only one stage of overvoltage protection is required, or if the element is required to provide an alarm only, the remaining stages may be disabled within the relay menu, or used for undervoltage applications. This type of protection must be co-ordinated with any other overvoltage relays at other locations on the system. This should be carried out in a similar manner to that used for grading current operated devices.
Section 5. UNDER/OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION

5.1 Application An underfrequency condition will occur when the power system load exceeds the available generated power, such as when a power system becomes split with load left connected to a set of islanded generators that is in excess of their capacity. Such events could be compensated for by automatic load shedding making the underfrequency a transient condition. Load shedding can be achieved by either voltage reduction, or by disconnection of low priority loads. The voltage reduction method is only effective where the load does not contain a large percentage of motors. Under such situations, the drop in voltage will cause the connected motors to draw more current in an attempt to maintain their speed, which will further increase the loading on the already overloaded system. If uncontrolled, this could lead to a collapse of the system. Disconnection of low priority loads is a more effective method of load reduction and can be performed based upon various voltage or frequency measurement methods. A common method is underfrequency load shedding, whereby at specific levels of frequency various sections of load would be disconnected. Multiple stages of underfrequency detection could be used to segregate the loads into nonessential, essential and critical groupings thereby aiding in controlled plant operation during abnormal conditions. In the event of the load shedding being unsuccessful, a final stage of underfrequency protection should be provided to totally disconnect all loads. Overfrequencies arise when the generation is in excess of the electrical load and losses. The most common occurrence of overfrequency is after substantial loss of load when a rise in generating running speed occurs. The generation control equipment should quickly respond so that normal running speed is quickly regained but overfrequency protection may be required as a backup protection function to cater for failures. The frequency protection included within the KVFG relays consists of four independent stages which are configurable as either under or overfrequency elements.
FROM UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING LOGIC
ODO8 Blk 1tF FFO

0 1
FF1
0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
&
1tF
OE10 1tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1F ODO9 Blk 2tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF2
0 1
FF3
0 1
&
2tF
OE11 2tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2F ODOA Blk 3tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF4
0 1
FF5
0 1
&
3tF
OE12 3tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3F ODOB Blk 4tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF6
0 1
FF7
0 1
&
4tF
OE13 4tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
4F
Figure 4. Under/overfrequency protection logic
Please note that the frequency protection will only function correctly when a suitable voltage signal is being presented to the relay. As such, no frequency protection should be used with only the residual voltage input connected, or when there is insufficient voltage to allow tracking. (Please see Section 7 on Undervoltage Blocking). 5.2 Frequency settings The following table details the frequency settings for the under/overfrequency elements; Symbol Frequency Threshold Stage 1 Frequency Threshold Stage 2 Frequency Threshold Stage 3 Frequency Threshold Stage 4 5.3 Definite time settings Each stage has a definite time characteristic. The operation time will be the set time for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output relay and the time taken to detect the under or overfrequency condition. The same register is used for each time delay in both setting groups and the timer is not reset when switching from one setting group to the other. Thus switching from a setting group with a long time setting to that with a short time setting may result in a trip if the shorter time setting had already elapsed. 1F 2F 3F 4F Min 46.00Hz 46.00Hz 46.00Hz 46.00Hz Max 64.00Hz 64.00Hz 64.00Hz 64.00Hz Step 0.01Hz 0.01Hz 0.01Hz 0.01Hz
Symbol DT DT DT DT 5.4 Setting Setting Setting Setting Stage Stage Stage Stage 1 2 3 4 1tF 2tF 3tF 4tF
Min 0 0 0 0
Max 100s 100s 100s 100s
Step 0.01s 0.01s 0.01s 0.01s graded graded graded graded
Setting guidlines The frequency measuring elements use the inherent frequency tracking capabilities of the relay to provide a measurement. The requirement of this tracking feature is that the element should be extremely stable and accurate (accuracy is better than 0.1%) but as a result this makes the element slow in comparison to other techniques eg, zero crossing etc. Typically, operation of the frequency element will occur in less than 200ms (not including any intentional time delay), but this will increase as the deviation from setting decreases. Please view Appendix 4 where the typical operating times for the under and over frequency elements are shown, when no intentional delay is set.
5.4.1
Underfrequency setting guidelines The protection function should be set so that declared frequency-time limits for the system are not exceeded. On industrial sites it is now common for local loads and generation to be operated in parallel with the local supply authority. In this situation, the KVFG could be used to provide both local load shedding facilities and underfrequency protection, to allow disconnection of non-essential loads in an attempt to maintain the system frequency, prior to disconnection from the local authority. Typical settings could see shedding of non-essential loads at 4% of system frequency, essential loads at 5% of system frequency and disconnection from the local authority at 6%. Another load shedding stage could also be implemented, at the expense of being able to provide any over frequency protection. Where separate load shedding equipment is provided, the KVFG underfrequency protection should co-ordinate with it. This will ensure that tripping will not occur in the event of successful load shedding following a system overload. Two stages of underfrequency protection could be set-up, as illustrated in Figure 5, to co-ordinate with multi-stage system load-shedding.
Frequency
fn A F1< B B C F2< Turbine prohibited area 2 1 Time C A System frequency response with minimum load shed for recovery System frequency response with under shedding of load Optimum underfrequency protection characteristic
Figure 5.
Co-ordination of underfrequency protection
5.4.2
Overfrequency setting guidelines The KVFG overfrequency settings should be selected to co-ordinate with normal, transient over frequency excursions following full-load rejection. ie. allow time for the generation control systems to recover from the situation. Depending upon the application of the relay, this could result in settings as high as +10% of system frequency for generator protection, or +1% of system frequency for disconnecting from local authority supplies.
Section 6.
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
6.1
Application Where an incoming feeder is supplying a switchboard which is feeding rotating plant (eg. induction motors), correct phasing and balance of the ac supply is essential. Incorrect phase rotation will result in any connected motors rotating in the wrong direction. For directionally sensitive applications, such as lifts and conveyor belts, it may be unacceptable to allow this to happen. Any unbalanced condition occurring on the incoming supply will result in the presence of negative phase sequence (nps) components of voltage. In the event of incorrect phase rotation, the supply voltage would effectively consist of 100% negative phase sequence voltage only. By monitoring the input voltage rotation and magnitude (normally from a bus connected voltage transformer), interlocking can be arranged with the motor contactor or circuit breaker to prevent the motor from being energised whilst incorrect phase rotation exists. The negative sequence overvoltage protection included within the KVFG relays consists of two independent stages which may be selected as either IDMT or DT. A third threshold may also be set for preventing remote close commands (see Section 8).
NSO
0 1
ODOC Blk 1tV2

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1V2 ODOD Blk 2tV2

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
&
1tV2
OE14 1tV2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NS1
0 1
2V2
&
2tV2
OE15 2tV2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 6.
Negative sequence overvoltage protection logic
Note: On the KVFG 122, with system data link SDA = 1, the negative sequence voltage measurement, protection and blocking elements are disabled.
6.2
Voltage settings The following table details the voltage settings for the negative sequence overvoltage elements; Symbol Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn = 100/120V) Voltage Threshold Stage 1 (Vn = 415/440V) Voltage Threshold Stage 2 (Vn = 415/440V) 1V2 2V2 1V2 2V2 Min 5V 5V 20V 20V Max 150V 150V 600V 600V Step 1V 1V 4V 4V
The negative sequence is based upon a calculation using the phase-phase voltages applied to the relay. Due to this measurement technique, the accuracy below settings of 15V (60V on 440V versions) on the KVFG 122 and 5V (20V on 440V versions) on the KVFG 142 fall outside the normal accuracy claims. 6.3 Definite time settings Each stage can be selected to have a definite time characteristic. The operation time will be the set time for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output relay and the time taken to detect the under or overvoltage condition. The same register is used for each time delay in both setting groups and the timer is not reset when switching from one setting group to the other. Thus switching from a setting group with a long time setting to that with a short time setting may result in a trip if the shorter time setting had already elapsed. Symbol DT Setting Stage 1 DT Setting Stage 2 6.4 1tV2 2tV2 Min 0.5 0.5 Max 100s 100s Step 0.01s graded 0.01s graded
Inverse time curve settings The IDMT characteristic available on each stage is defined by the following formula: K t = (M 1) Where; K = Time multiplier setting (eg. V2(tms), etc) t = Operating time in seconds Measured negative sequence voltage Negative sequence setting voltage
M=
The related setting ranges are given in the table below: Symbol K Setting Stage 1 K Setting Stage 2 1V2(tms) 2V2(tms) Min 0.5 0.5 Max 100s 100s Step 0.5 0.5
6.5
Setting guidelines As stated above, as the primary concern is normally the detection of incorrect phase rotation (rather than small unbalances), a sensitive setting is not usually required. In addition, it must be ensured that the setting is above any standing nps voltage that may be present due to imbalances in the measuring VT, relay tolerances etc. A setting of approximately 15% of rated voltage may be typical. Note that standing levels of nps voltage (V2) will be displayed in the measurements column of the relay menu. Hence, if more sensitive settings are required, they may be determined during the commissioning stage by viewing the actual level that is present.
Section 7.
7.1
UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING
Blocking the undervoltage elements Whenever the measured voltage falls below any undervoltage setting, the element will start to time and on completion of operation, given an output indication. For most applications this would be the required response, even when the VT is de-energised. If the KVFG was connected to a line which was also provided with an auto-reclose scheme, during a transient fault the line would be initially de-energised and then successfully reclosed to give normal voltage conditions. Often it is undesirable to give an undervoltage alarm during this period, and as such the undervoltage elements may be prevented from operating. This can be achieved by three methods within the KVFG as can be seen in Figure 7.
7.1.1
Extended time delays In order to prevent operation during the auto-reclose cycle, the time delay associated with the undervoltage elements could be extended such that an undervoltage condition would have to persist for longer than the longest possible auto-reclose cycle. However, this method would require the KVFG to have long time delays which would give slow operation for genuine undervoltage conditions where auto-reclose would not be initiated.
7.1.2
CB auxiliary contact monitoring An auxiliary contact (52b or normally closed) from the CB mechanism could be used to energise the blocking input associated with the undervoltage stage(s) so that when the circuit breaker was open, the element was prevented from operating. This would prevent the relay element from being able to complete operation during a line de-energisation condition.
7.1.3
Undervoltage blocking By selection of voltage function link VFD = 1, the undervoltage elements can be blocked when the relay measures a voltage below a fixed figure in all measured phases. This means that for a KVFG 142 all three measured phase or line voltages would need to drop below 15V on a 110V rated relay (55V on a 415V rated relay). For a KVFG 122 operation would depend upon the selected mode of operation but the operation is similar, merely depending upon whether one or both inputs must fall below the fixed threshold.
TO VOLTAGE ELEMENTS VFD

0 1
Va(b)< Vb(c)< SDA

0 1
&
TO FREQUENCY ELEMENTS
Figure 7a.
Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 122)
TO VOLTAGE ELEMENTS VFD

0 1
Va(b)< Vb(c)< Vc(a)< & TO FREQUENCY ELEMENTS
Figure 7b.
Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 142)
It should be noted that the residual voltage inputs are not used within the undervoltage blocking check. 7.2 Blocking the frequency elements As described in Section 1 of Chapter 3, the relay is capable of tracking voltages with a fundamental frequency in the range of 45Hz 65Hz. However, if the voltage falls to a value such that accurate tracking could not occur, it is conceivable that the frequency elements could maloperate. This is of particular relevance during line energisation and de-energisation when significant distortion of the waveforms can be experienced. To prevent any possibility of mal-indication, the frequency elements are all blocked by the same undervoltage blocking elements described in Section 7.1.3 above, and shown in Figure 7. This internal logic provides a blocking signal to the frequency elements, regardless of whether they are set as under or overfrequency. All the frequency elements can also be blocked via the opto-isolated inputs, provided appropriate input mask settings have been made.
Section 8.
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE BLOCKING
As discussed in Section 6, when supplying directionally sensitive motors it should be ensured that correct phase rotation is applied to the motor terminals. Even if correct phase rotation is applied, a small amount of unbalance can cause rapid heating of the motor due to higher frequency components of current being induced. Normally, the motor protection relay would account for these factors and take any precautionary action to prevent closure of the incoming supply onto the motor terminals. The KVFG relays can provide monitoring of the negative phase voltages which will be present during unbalance, or when incorrect phase rotation occurs. The negative sequence overvoltage protection elements could then be arranged to prevent closure of the supply onto the motor via external scheme wiring. Alternatively, closure of the circuit breaker or contactor could be controlled via the KVFG circuit breaker control logic. By this method both local and remote closure commands could be prevented if the amount of negative sequence voltage exceeded the V2 Cl Bl setting. This would require function links NS2 and SD9 both to be set equal to 1 as may be seen in Figure 8.
ODOE L Trip SD2

0 1
OE16 CB Trip Trip Circuit Breaker 1 1 tTRIP

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ODOF L Close V2 Cl Bl
Close Circuit Breaker
tCLOSE RESET SD9 1

0 1
OE17 CB Close
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NS2
0 1
OD1O Ext Trip
LOG6
0 1
RLY 3 RLY 7
GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS LATCH RED TRIP LED LATCH FLAGS GENERATE FAULT RECORD & COPY TO EVENT RECORDS
Figure 8.
CB control logic including blocking signals
Section 9.
AUXILIARY TIMERS
When the auxiliary timers tAUX1, tAUX2, and tAUX3 are not being used by the internal logic of the relay they may be used as discrete time delay elements. Timer tAUX1 will start to time when a logic input assigned in the input masks is energised. It will then energise an output relay assigned in the associated output masks after the set time has elapsed. Alternatively, it can be used to give a reset delay for the disturbance recorder and trip flags (see Section 5 of Chapter5). Timer tAUX2 and tAUX3 can be selected to either give a delay on pick-up action (as described for tAUX1 above) or delay on drop-off action. When selected as delay on drop-off, the appropriate output will be energised for as long as the input is energised. On input de-energisation, the timer will start to time and at the end of the set time delay, the output relay will de-energise and open the contact. The time delay can be individually set for each of the auxiliary timers, and can be selected over the range of 0 seconds to 24 days. To aid setting, the step size is graded so that as the operation time increases, the step size increases also. The initial step size is 0.01 seconds.
SD5
0 1
RESET TRIP FLAGS RESET DISTURBANCE RECORDER OE18 Aux1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OD11 Aux1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD8 1 1 tAUX1 LOG3 tAUX2

0 1 0 1
SD8
0 1
Recorder Stopped
OD12 Aux2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE19 Aux2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OD13 Aux3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG5 tAUX3
0 1
OE1A Aux3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 9.
Auxiliary timers
Section 10. SETTING GROUP SELECTION

The relay has two setting groups, both of which are visible as supplied. To make the second group of settings invisible in the menu, set function link SD4 = 0 in the SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when link SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default. The menu cell 000E, in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays the setting group that is in operation.
OD14 Set Grp2

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD5 Remote Set Grp2 Remote Set Grp1 SET RESET 1

0 1
SD5
0 1
CHANGE TO SETTING GROUP 2
Figure 10.
Setting group selection logic
10.1
Remote change of setting group Link [SD3] must be set to 1 before the relay will respond to a remote command to change the selected setting group. Because the command cannot be sustained over the serial link a set/reset register is used to remember the remotely selected setting group. When link SD3 = 1, the set/reset register shall change to 0/1 in response to the respective commands <Set Group 1>/<Set Group 2> via the serial port. When the value of set/reset register is 0 then the group 1 settings shall be in operation and when its value is 1 the group 2 settings will be in operation. The state of this register is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on power up. When link SD3 = 0 the value of the set/reset register will no longer change in response to remote commands and will retain its last set state prior to setting SD3 = 0. When link SD3 = 0 the value of the cell cannot be changed via the serial port and the value of this register will have no effect on the setting group in use. Note: If [SD4] = 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will be active by default.
10.2
Controlled change of setting group Link SD4 must be set to 1 to make the second setting group active. Energising a logic input allocated in mask [0D14 Set Grp2] will select setting group 2. This logic input could be energised via the contacts of one of the output relays so that the change of setting group will be in response to some protection function.
Chapter 5 Measurement and Records
1. 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6. 6.1 6.2 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3
MEASURE 1 Voltage KVFG 142 relay KVFG 122 relay Frequency MEASURE 2 Positive and negative sequence voltage Circuit breaker operations. FAULT RECORDS Fault data Relay type KVFG 122 set to Neutral displacement plus phase-neutral or phase-phase mode Relay type KVFG 122 set to Two phase to phase mode Relay Type KVFG 142 Generating fault records Accessing fault records Resetting fault records EVENT RECORDS Triggering event records Time tagging of event records Accessing and resetting event records DISTURBANCE RECORDS Recorder control Recorder capture Recorder post trigger Recorder logic trigger Recorder relay trigger Notes on recorded times Disturbance recorder reset options CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS Circuit breaker operations counter Circuit breaker maintenance alarm ALARM RECORDS Watchdog Trip indication Alarm indication FIGURES Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Record initiation logic Recorder reset Circuit breaker alarm
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 3 7 7
Section 1.
1.1
MEASURE 1
Voltage Voltage is measured once per power frequency cycle and a Fourier filter is used to extract the fundamental component. The voltage measurements available are dependant on the KVFG model and operating mode.
1.1.1
KVFG 142 relay The phase-neutral voltages are measured directly when the internal VTs are star connected. The phase voltages (Va, Vb, Vc) are then stored in menu locations 0208, 0209 and 020A. From the phase-neutral voltages the phase-phase voltages are calculated (Vab, Vbc, Vca) and stored in menu locations 0205, 0206 and 0207. The residual voltage (Vo), is measured directly from the Vo input and stored in menu location 020B when function link ND3=0. When function link ND3=1 the residual voltage (Vo) is calculated by summing the three phase-neutral voltages together and storing the result in menu location 020B. When the relay is connected in 2 phase-phase input mode the voltages stored in menu locations 0208, 0209 and 020A (Va, Vb, Vc) are not true representations of the phase-neutral voltages as there is no ground reference. From these voltages the correct phase-phase voltage for all three phases is calculated (Vab, Vbc and Vca) and stored in menu locations 0205, 0206 and 0207 respectively. The residual voltage can only be measured from a direct input when the relay is connected in 2 phase-phase input mode as the calculated Vo obtained when ND3=1 will be incorrect.
1.1.2
KVFG 122 relay When the relay is connected with 1 phase-neutral/phase-phase input and residual voltage input (function link SDA has to be set to 1) the phase-phase voltage is stored in menu location 0205 labelled as Vab. When a phase-neutral voltage is being measured the function link VFC needs to be set to 1 so that the phase-neutral voltage will be stored in the correct menu location 0208 labelled Va. The residual voltage measurement (Vo) is stored in menu location 020B. When the relay is connected with 2 phase-phase inputs (function link SDA has to be set to 0), the phase-phase voltages Vab and Vbc are measured and stored in menu locations 0205 and 0206. From these 2 measured phase-phase voltages the third phase-phase quantity (Vca) is calculated and stored in menu location 0207. No residual voltage measurement is available in this mode.
1.2
Frequency The sampling frequency of the analogue/digital converter is synchronised to the power system frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably make a frequency measurement. In the absence of a signal to frequency track the sampling frequency defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009. For protection functions the measured frequency defaults to the power frequency setting when the voltage is zero. The displayed frequency measurement will also be the sampling frequency, but in this case it will read 0 when the frequency tracking stops.
Section 2.
2.1
MEASURE 2
Positive and negative sequence voltage From 2 phase-phase voltages (Vab, Vbc) the positive and negative sequence voltages (V1, V2) are calculated and stored in menu locations 0305 and 0306 respectively. This measurement is not available on KVFG122 in 1 phase-phase/ phase-neutral and residual voltage mode (function link SDA=1).
2.2
Circuit breaker operations. The Circuit Breaker Operations Counter is incremented by 1 each time the circuit breaker is operated (See Chapter 5 Section 6.1). The value of the counter is stored in menu cell location 0307 and can be reset to zero by pressing the [0] key for at least 1 second.
Section 3.
FAULT RECORDS
A full record is stored for each of the last five faults, with the new record overwriting the oldest. These records are stored in non volatile memory and are retained when the relay is powered down. When the record opens the values of voltage are stored. The fault flags will be latched when the voltage falls below 15V on the 110V input version or 55V on the 415V version or the initiating function resets. Fault records are copied to the event recorder and stored with a time tag. 3.1 Fault data Fault records contain different information depending on the relay type and application. 3.1.1 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Neutral displacement plus phase-neutral or phasephase mode The fault records contain the following data: Fault flags Residual voltage Vo Va or Vab depending on selection of function link VFC Frequency 3.1.2 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Two phase to phase mode: The fault records contain the following data: Fault flags Phase to phase voltages Negative sequence voltage V2 Frequency
3.1.3
Relay Type KVFG 142: The fault records contain the following data: Fault flags Residual voltage Vo Phase to ground and phase to phase voltages Negative sequence voltage V2 Frequency
3.2
Generating fault records
ODOE L Trip SD2 ODOF L Close Trip Circuit Breaker Close Circuit Breaker NS2 V2 Cl Bl OD1O Ext Trip RLY 3 RLY 7 1 1 1 tTRIP
OE16 CB Trip
tCLOSE RESET SD9
OE17 CB Close
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
LOG6
FAULT RECORD & FLAG LATCH INITIATION
Figure 1:
Record initiation logic
Fault records are generated when output relay RLY3, or a logic input assigned in the input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP], is energised. The fault flags will be latched and the trip LED lit in response to these two inputs. The circuit breaker operations will be incremented and the breaker fail protection initiated by either of these two inputs. Relay RLY7 is used for remote, or manual trip, and can be arranged to trigger the generation of fault records and increment circuit breaker operations by setting link LOG6 = 1. 3.3 Accessing fault records Fault records can be accessed by selecting [0101 Fault No Fn] in the [FLT RECORD] column menu. The fault number (Fn) denotes the record for the last fault and the record for previous faults can be selected by successive long presses of the [0] key. Fn-1 is the previous fault and Fn-2 is the one before that, etc. The [0] key enables fault record selection with the cover in place on the relay, but for remote selection, the usual change setting commands will give a quicker response. With the cover removed and menu cell [0101 Fault No Fn] displayed, the [+] and [] keys can be used to change to the required record number.
3.4
Resetting fault records All five fault records can be cleared by selecting cell 0110, the last cell under fault records and pressing the [0] key for at least 1 second. Note: If fault records are being viewed with ACCESS or PAS&T software; press the return key and then select the reset cell option to reset all five fault records.
Section 4.
EVENT RECORDS
Fifty time tagged event records can be stored, after which the oldest record is overwritten. They are stored in volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is powered down. The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic extraction and storing of these records. The following items are recorded by the event recorder: Fault records including: fault flags and fault voltages. Setting changes made via the user interface on the front of the relay Logic events: status change of logic inputs and/or output relays Alarms: internal equipment alarms detected by self monitoring functions. The number of full fault records that can be stored in events records can be increased by setting link SD7=0 to inhibit storage of logic events. 4.1 Triggering event records Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in the previous section. 4.2 Time tagging of event records The K Range relays do not have a real time clock. Instead, they each have a freerunning 32-bit counter that increments every 1ms. When an event occurs, the value of this millisecond counter is recorded (Ta) and stored in the event buffer. When the event is extracted, the present value of the millisecond counter is also sent in the message (Tb). The master station must record the actual time at which it received the event message (Tc). This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the transmission time of the event over the communication network to be negligible. It then calculates how long ago the event occurred by: How long ago Real time = (Tb Ta) ms = (time message was received) (how long ago it occurred) = (Tc) (Tb Ta) ms Time tagging is to a resolution of 1ms, the incrementation rate of the counter and remains valid for approximately 49 days. However, the crystal to control the timing has a nominal accuracy of 50 ppm, is not externally synchronised and has no temperature compensation. It can therefore introduce an error of 1s in every 5.5 hours. The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction programs running on a personal computer (PC) when these timing errors would be insignificant. Refer to Chapter 5, Section 5.6 for notes on recorded times, as these apply equally to event records.
4.3
Accessing and resetting event records Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the serial communication port of the relay. A PC with suitable software, such as PAS&T, can automatically extract the records, display them on a screen, print them, or store them to either a floppy disk or to the hard disk of the computer. When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically overwritten and the event flag set. The PAS&T software responds to this flag and extracts the record. When all records have been read, the event flag resets.
Section 5. DISTURBANCE RECORDS

The internal disturbance recorder has one channel allocated to each of the measured analogue quantities (not calculated analogue values such as Negative Sequence Voltage V2); one to record the eight control inputs and one to record the eight relay outputs. As with the event recorder, when the buffer is full the oldest record is overwritten and records are deleted if the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed. This ensures that when the buffer is read the contents will all be valid. The disturbance recorder is stopped and the record frozen, a set time after a selected trigger has been activated. For example, a protection trip command could be the selected trigger and the delay would then set the duration of the trace after the fault. Each sample has a time tag attached to it so that when the waveform is reconstituted it can be plotted at the correct point against the time scale, thus ensuring that the time base is correct and independent of the frequency. The KVFG relays measure eight samples per cycle, but the method of recording allows the analysis program to perform with records that may have a different sample rate. The disturbance recorder may be triggered by several different methods dependent on the settings in the RECORDER column of the menu. However, the records have to be read via the serial communication port and suitable additional software is required to reconstruct and display the waveforms. Only one complete record is stored and the recorder must be reset before another record can be captured. 5.1 Recorder control This cell displays the state of the recorder : a) RUNNING b) TRIGGERED c) STOPPED recorder storing data (overwriting oldest data) recorder stop delay triggered recorder stopped and record ready for retrieval
When this cell is selected, manual control is possible and to achieve this the relay must be put into the setting mode by pressing the [+] key. A flashing cursor will then appear on the bottom line of the display at the left-hand side. The [+] key will then select running and the [] key will select triggered. When the appropriate function has been selected the [F] key is pressed to accept the selection and the selected function will take effect when the [+] key is pressed to confirm the selection. To abort the selection at any stage, press the reset key [0].
5.2
Recorder capture The recorder can capture: a) SAMPLES c) PHASES the individual samples the Fourier derived amplitudes the Fourier derived phase angles b) MAGNITUDES
The relay has no electro-mechanical adjustments, all calibration is effected in software and all three of the above options are used in the calibration process. For normal use as a fault recorder, SAMPLES will be the most useful. However, for 60Hz systems there is less processing time available per cycle and if all the protection functions have been activated the menu system, being the lowest priority task, may appear very slow. To improve this the disturbance recorder should be stopped (triggered) via the menu. If records are still required at this time then it is suggested that the recorder is set to record magnitudes rather than samples because this will use less of the available processing time. 5.3 Recorder post trigger The post trigger setting determines the length of the trace that occurs after the stop trigger is received. This may be set to any value between 1 and 512 samples. When recording samples the total trace duration is 512/8 = 64 cycles because the interval between the samples is equivalent to one eighth of a cycle. However, the Fourier derived values are calculated once per cycle and so the total trace length when recording these calculated phase or amplitude values is 512 cycles. 5.4 Recorder logic trigger Any, or all, of the opto-isolated inputs may be used as the stop trigger and the trigger may be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these inputs. The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each of which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the input as a trigger and a 0 will deselect it. The selection is made using the instructions for the setting links in Chapter 3, Section 4.10. The opto-isolated input (L0 to L7) associated with each digit is shown on the top line of the display for the digit underlined by the cursor. A + preceding it will indicate that the trigger will occur for energisation and a will indicate the trigger will occur for de-energisation. Note: Only L0 to L2 opto-isolated inputs are available on a KVFG 122. 5.5 Recorder relay trigger Any, or all, of the output relays may be used as a stop trigger and the trigger may be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these outputs. The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each of which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the input and a 0 will deselect it. The selection is made using the instructions for setting links in Chapter 3, Section 4.10. The output relay (RLY0 to RLY7) associated with each digit underlined by the cursor is shown on the top line of the display. A + preceding it will indicate that the trigger will occur for energisation and a will indicate the trigger will occur for de-energisation. Note: Only RLY0 to RLY3 output relays are available on a KVFG 122.
5.6
Notes on recorded times The times recorded for the opto-isolated inputs is the time at which the relay accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function. This will be 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz (10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz) after the opto-input was energised. The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise the time tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1s for the samples values.
5.7
Disturbance recorder reset options
SD5 OD11 Aux1 1 SD8 Recorder Stopped 1 tAUX1 SD8
RESET TRIP FLAGS RESET DISTURBANCE RECORDER OE18 Aux1 DISTURBANCE RECORDER RESET
Recorder Stopped
Figure 2:
Recorder reset
The disturbance recorder is reset via cell [0F01 Control]. Alternatively it can be arranged to reset automatically after a time delay by setting function SD8=1 and then tAUX1 can be set to the necessary reset delay. The setting range for tAUX1 is 0 to 24 days in graduated steps with the smallest step of 10ms. With this option the recorder can be reset instantaneously by energising a logic input that is assigned in the input mask [0D11 Aux1].
Section 6.
CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS
LOG7 CB(ops)
OE1E CB Alarm
CIRCUIT BREAKER ALARM
Figure 3:
Circuit breaker alarm
6.1
Circuit breaker operations counter A register sums the number of circuit breaker operations and the value can be accessed via menu cell 0310 under the column heading MEASURE 2. This record is updated every time output relay RLY3 operates, or an opto input assigned in input mask [0A09 Ext Trip] is energised by an external trip. If link LOG6=1 then operation of relay RLY7 will also be able to increment this register. RLY7 is normally used for manual or remote trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP).
This function is inhibited if link LOG7=0 and operative if LOG7=1. Incrementation of this counter can be blocked during testing by setting link LOG7 = 0. The value of the counter can be reset to zero when it is displayed, by pressing the reset key [0] for at least 1 second. Alternatively a reset cell command can be sent via the serial communication port. These cells are password protected and cannot be reset if the password has not been entered. 6.2 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm A threshold can be set on the circuit breaker operations counter. The settings will be found in menu cells [0C07 CB Ops>] under the LOGIC column heading. When the threshold is exceeded the output mask [0E1E CB Alarm] will be energised and any relay assigned in this mask will pick-up to initiate an alarm. This is the only form of alarm that is generated, except for the change in state of the output relay, which may be recorded in the event records if link SD7=1. The alarm will be inhibited if link LOG7=0, or if the output relay is de-selected in the relay mask.
Section 7.
7.1
ALARM RECORDS
Watchdog The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy state, with its make contact closed. When an alarm condition is detected that requires some action to be taken, the watchdog relay will reset and its break contact will close to give an alarm.
7.2
Trip indication The trip LED will be lit following a trip condition where output relay RLY3 has operated, or a logic input that has been assigned in input mask [0D10 EXT Trip] has been energised. Relay RLY7 is generally reserved for remote trip initiation via the serial communication port. When link LOG6 = 1 and relay RLY7 is assigned in output mask [0E16 CB Trip] the trip LED will be lit if relay RLY7 has operated. Relay RLY7 can also be initiated for manual trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP) by assigning a logic input in mask [0D0E LTrip] to give a trip indication. When relay RLY7 operates and link LOG6 = 1, the default display changes to the fault flag display and a letter R is displayed in the extreme right-hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate a remote trip. If link LOG6 =0 relay RLY7 can be freely assigned to any output function, without creating a trip indication.
7.3
Alarm indication The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered. It will be lit and remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine. The alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault, provided the relay is still able to perform this function. See Chapter 3, Section 6 for more information on alarm flags.
Chapter 6 Serial Communications
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 5. 5.1 5.2 6. 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 8.
COURIER LANGUAGE AND PROTOCOL K-BUS K-Bus transmission layer K-Bus connections Ancillary equipment SOFTWARE SUPPORT Courier Access PAS&T K-Graph Courier-Comm PC requirements Modem requirements DATA FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION Relay address Measured values Status word Plant status word Control status word Logic input status word Output relay status word Alarm indications Event records Notes on recorded times Protection flags Fault records Disturbance records SETTING CONTROL Remote setting change Remote control of setting group REMOTE OPERATION OF OUTPUT RELAYS CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL Remote control of circuit breaker Local control of the circuit breaker Safe manual closing of the circuit breaker Closing the circuit breaker via the serial communication port Closing the circuit breaker via a lead mounted push-button Delayed manual closure of the circuit breaker AIDS TO CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE FIGURES Figure 1. Figure 2. Typical K-Bus connection diagram Circuit breaker control logic
1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 2 12
Section 1.
COURIER LANGUAGE AND PROTOCOL
Serial communications are supported over K-Bus, a multi-drop network that readily interfaces to IEC 60870-5 FT1.2 standards. The language and protocol used for communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic master station programs to access many different types of relay without the continual need to modify the master station program for each relay type. The relays form a distributed data base and the master station polls the slave relays for any information required. This includes: Measured values Menu text Settings and setting limits Fault records Event records Disturbance records Plant status Software is available to support both on-line and off-line setting changes to be made and the automatic extraction and storage of event and disturbance records as described in Section 3. Courier is designed to operate using a polled system, which prevents a slave device from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform it that something has happened; it must wait until the master control unit requests the information. A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted by preceding it with a data type and length code. By knowing the format of the data the receiving device can interpret it. The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language and other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other equipment. It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so as to be consistent with all other devices.
Section 2.
K-BUS
K-Bus is a communication system developed to connect remote slave devices to a central master control unit, thus allowing remote control and monitoring functions to be performed using an appropriate communication language. It is not designed to allow direct communication between slave devices, but merely between a master control unit and several slave devices. The main features of K-Bus are: cost effectiveness high security ease of installation ease of use.
Each relay in the K Range has a serial communication port configured to K-Bus standards. K-Bus is a communication interface and protocol designed to meet the requirements of communication with protective relays and transducers within the power system substation environment. It has the same reliability as the protective relays themselves and does not result in their performance being degraded in any way. Error checking and noise rejection have been of major importance in its design. 2.1 K-Bus transmission layer The communication port is based on RS485 voltage transmission and reception levels with galvanic isolation provided by a transformer. A polled protocol is used and no relay unit is allowed to transmit unless it receives a valid message, addressed to it without any detected error. Transmission is synchronous over a pair of screened wires and the data is FM0 coded with the clock signal to remove any dc component so that the signal will pass through transformers. With the exception of the master units, each node in the network is passive and any failed unit on the system will not interfere with communication to the other units. The frame format is HDLC and the data rate is 64kbits/s. 2.2 K-Bus connections Connection to the K-Bus port is by standard Midos 4mm screw terminals or snap-on connectors. A twisted pair of wires is all that is required; the polarity of connection is not important. It is recommended that an outer screen is used with an earth connected to the screen at the master station end only. Termination of the screen is effected with the U shaped terminal supplied and which has to be secured with a self tapping screw in the hole in the terminal block just below terminal 56, as
K-Bus Screened 2 core cable
Figure 1.
Typical K-Bus connection diagram
56
54
shown in the diagram. Operation has been tested up to 32 units connected along 1,000 metres of cable. The specification for suitable cable will be found in the technical data section. The method of encoding the data results in the polarity of the connection to the bus wiring being unimportant. Note: K-Bus must be terminated with a 150 resistor at each end of the bus. The master station can be located at any position, but the bus should only be driven from one unit at a time. 2.3 Ancillary equipment The minimum requirement to communicate with the relay is a K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 converter box type KITZ and suitable software to run on an IBM or compatible personal computer. RS232 interconnection lead for connecting the KITZ to a personal computer (PC) and software as described in Section 3.
Section 3.
3.1
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
Courier Access The Courier Access program is supplied with each KITZ and it allows on-line access to any relay or other slave device on the system. It polls all available addresses on the bus to build a list of the active relays. Each relay can be programmed with a product description (16 characters) and a plant reference (16 characters). A particular relay may then be chosen and accessed to display a table listing the menu column headings. Selecting a heading from the list and pressing the return key of the computer returns the full page of data that has been selected. Selecting a setting from the displayed page and pressing the return key again will bring up the setting change box displaying the current setting value and the maximum and minimum limits of setting that have been extracted from the relay. A new setting may be typed in and entered. The new value will be sent to the relay and the relay will send back a copy of the data it received. If the returned value matches what was sent, it is judged to have been received correctly and the display asks for confirmation that the new setting is to be entered. When the execution command is issued the relay checks the setting is within limits, stores it, then replies to state if the new value has been accepted, or rejected. If the setting selected is password protected, the relay will reply that access is denied. Any data received in error is automatically resent. Any data not understood, but received without error is ignored. A complete setting file can be extracted from the relay and stored on disc and printed out for record purposes. The stored settings can also be copied to other relays. Control commands, such as close/trip of a circuit breaker, are actioned in the same way as setting changes and can be achieved with this program by using the setting change mechanism. This program supports modem connection but it cannot extract event or disturbance records.
3.2
PAS&T The Protection Access Software and Toolkit (PAS&T) program performs all the functions described for the Courier Access program, but additionally it can perform the following functions: Generate a table of all circuit breakers that can be controlled via the relays connected to K-Bus. These are listed by their plant reference and their open/ closed status is displayed. Selecting a circuit breaker from this table enables it to be controlled with all the background security described for setting changes. Automatically extracts event records, displays them on screen, prints, or stores them to disc. Automatically extracts disturbance records and stores them to disc in COMTRADE format. Poll the relay for selected data at set intervals and displays the values on screen, or stores a selected number of values that it can plot on screen to show trend information. Display coded or decoded messages on screen to help de-bug the communication system. The auto-addressing feature allocates the next available address on the bus to a new relay.
3.3
K-Graph This program, supplied with PAS&T, can display disturbance records and print them. The COMTRADE format in which the files are stored can also be loaded into an Excel, or similar spreadsheet program.
3.4
Courier-Comm Courier-Comm is a Windows based setting program that can be used off-line, ie. without the relays being connected. Setting files can be generated in the office and taken to site on floppy disc for loading to the relays. This program can be used to down-load the settings to the relay, alternatively ACCESS or PAS&T may be used.
3.5
PC requirements To operate fully, the above programs require: IBM PC/XT/AT/PS2 or true compatible. 640kB of main memory RAM Graphics adapter CGA, EGA, VGA or MDA Serial adapter port configured as COM1 or COM2 (RS232) Floppy disk drive 3.5 inch MS-DOS 3.2 or later/IBM PC-DOS 3.2 or later Parallel printer port for optional printer. Additional equipment Printer RS-232 link.
KITZ 101 K-Bus/ RS232 communication interface. Modem 3.6 Modem requirements The IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 frame format for transmitting the Courier communication language over RS-232 based systems, which includes transmission over modems, has been adopted. The IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 specification calls for an 11-bit frame format consisting of 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit. However, most modems cannot support this 11-bit frame format, so a relaxed 10-bit frame format is supported by the Protection Access Software & Toolkit and by the KITZ, consisting of 1 start bit 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit. Although Courier and IEC 60870 both have inherent error detection, the parity checking on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional security and is a requirement of IEC 60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it guarantees. It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which support these 11-bit frames. The following modem has been evaluated for use with the full IEC 60870 ft1.2 protocol and is recommended for use: Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available; refer to the modem documentation for details on setting these features: Support for an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit). This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen. Facility to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering or automatic speed changes. It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection in non-volatile memory. This feature is only required for modems at the outstation end of the link. Notes: 1. 2. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bits/s) is not supported. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
Section 4.
4.1
DATA FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Relay address The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive. Address 255 is the global address that all relays, or other slave devices, respond to. The Courier protocol specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a global message. This is to prevent all devices responding and causing contention on the bus. Each relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to an operational network it will not have a conflicting address with another device that is already operational. To make the new device fully operational it must have its address set. The address can be changed manually by entering the password and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on the front of the relay.
Alternatively, if the software running on the PC supports auto-addressing, the relay address can be set to 0 and the auto-addressing feature of the PC software turned on. The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the bus. PAS&T software supports both these features. If the address is 255, or unknown, the device address can be changed by sending a new address, in a global message, to a device with a particular serial number. This method (supported by PAS&T, Courier Access and Courier-Comm) is useful for devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to read or change the current address. 4.2 Measured values Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay. 4.3 Status word A status byte is contained in every reply from a slave device. This is returned by the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the master station may be designed to respond automatically. The flags contained are: Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = = = = = = = = Disturbance record available for collection Plant status word changed Control status word changed Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time Relay out of service Event record available for retrieval Alarm LED lit Trip LED lit
Bits 6 and 7 are used to mimic the trip and alarm indication on the frontplate of the slave devices. They cannot be used to extract fault and alarm information from a slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough period to be identified. Bits 5 and 0 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event records and disturbance records, if they are so programmed. 4.4 Plant status word The plant status word can be found at menu location 000C and each pair of bits in the plant status word is used to indicate the status (position) of items of plant controlled via the relay. Only the circuit breaker can be controlled via the relays described in this service manual and the associated bits in the plant status word are defined as follows: Bit 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 0 0 1 0 1 Circuit breaker 1 No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty) CB1 open CB1 closed Auxiliary CB1 contacts or wiring faulty
Bit 8 0 0 1 1
Bit 9 0 1 0 1
Circuit breaker 2 No CB connected (auxiliary CB2 contacts faulty) CB2 open CB2 closed Auxiliary CB2 contacts or wiring faulty
The master PAS&T control unit software makes use of this information to generate a table of all the circuit breakers and isolators that can be controlled and to show their current status. To make this information available to the master control unit it is necessary to allocate a logic input that will be energised when the circuit breaker is closed in input mask [0D15 CB Closed] and one that is energised when the circuit breaker is open in input mask [0D16 CB Open]. Bits 0 and 1 will then indicate the position of the circuit breaker. If the circuit breaker can be racked into one of two positions, such that it can be connected to busbar 1 or busbar 2, then a third logic input that will be energised when the circuit breaker is connected to busbar 2 must be assigned in the input mask [0D17 Bus2]. The circuit breaker open/closed states will then be transferred to bits 8 and 9 when the circuit breaker is in position for connecting the feeder to busbar 2. The circuit breaker can then be controlled with the appropriate open and close commands. 4.5 Control status word The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D. It is used to transfer control information from the slave device to the master control unit. However, the KVFG is a protection relay and this feature is not used. 4.6 Logic input status word The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020, where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 logic inputs. This cell is read only. 4.7 Output relay status word The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021, where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output relays. This cell is read only. 4.8 Alarm indications The status of the internal alarms produced by the relays self test routine can be observed by polling menu cell 0022, where the lowest 7 bits of the returned value indicate the status of each of the alarms. Bit 6 can be set/reset, in order to test the watchdog relay. No other control actions are possible on this cell. Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Error in factory configuration detected (relay inoperative) Error in calibration detected (relay running in uncalibrated state) Error detected in storage settings (relay operational, check settings) No service (protection out of service) No samples (A/D converter not sampling) No Fourier (Fourier routine not being performed) Test watchdog (set to 1 to test and rest to 0 afterwards)
4.9
Event records An event may be a change of state of a control input or an output relay. It may be a setting that has been changed locally or a protection or control function that has performed its intended function. A total of 50 events may be stored in a buffer, each with an associated time tag. This time tag is the value of a timer counter that is incremented every 1ms. The fault flags are displayed in the extracted event records as shown in this example.
1 S/S VT REF 04 Jun 1998 12:14:07.880
1 1 2 3 . 1 2 3 . . .
Setting group Va/Vab Vb/Vbc V2
. . . . . .
1 2 3 . 1 2 3 1 . .
Vc/Vca Auxiliary timers Vo
RT remote tripping Frequency
Numbers = corresponding stage operated . = corresponding stage not operated The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port when the relay is connected to a suitable master station. When the relay is not connected to a master station the event records can still be extracted within certain limitations: The event records can only be read via the serial communication port and a K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 interface unit will be required to enable the serial port to be connected to an IBM or compatible PC. Suitable software will be required to run on the PC so that the records can be extracted. When the event buffer becomes full the oldest record is overwritten by the next event. Records are deleted when the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed, to ensure that the buffer does not contain invalid data. Dual powered relays are most likely to be affected. The time tag will be valid for 49 days assuming that the auxiliary supply has not been lost within that time. However, there may be an error of 4.3s in every 24 hour period due to the accuracy limits of the crystal. This is not a problem when a master station is on line as the relays will usually be polled once every second or so. The contents of the event record are documented in Chapter 5, Section 5. 4.10 Notes on recorded times As described in Chapter 5, Section 5.2, the event records are appended with the value of a 1 millisecond counter and the current value of the counter is appended to the start of each reply from a relay. Thus it is possible to calculate how long ago the event took place and subtract this from the current value of the real time clock in the PC. If transmission is to be over a modem there will be additional delays in the communication path. In which case the KITZ can be selected to append the real time at which the message was sent and this value can then be used in the conversion of the time tags. With this method of time tagging, the time tags for all relays on K-Bus will be accurate, relative to each other, regardless of the accuracy of the relay time clock.
See also Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for additional information on time tagging accuracy. 4.11 Protection flags The protection flags hold the status of the various protection elements in the relay and it is from these that the fault flags are generated. They are transmitted in the event records as part of a fault record and this is the only way they can be accessed. The following table lists the protection flags:
Bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Hexadecimal Mask 0x00000001L 0x00000002L 0x00000004L 0x00000008L 0x00000010L 0x00000020L 0x00000040L 0x00000080L 0x00000100L 0x00000200L 0x00000400L 0x00000800L 0x00001000L 0x00002000L 0x00004000L 0x00008000L 0x00010000L 0x00020000L 0x00040000L 0x00080000L 0x00100000L 0x00200000L 0x00400000L 0x00800000L 0x01000000L 0x02000000L 0x04000000L 0x08000000L Protection Function A-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped B-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped C-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped Under/Overfrequency Stage 1 Element Tripped A-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 2 Element Tripped B-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 2 Element Tripped C-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 2 Element Tripped Under/Overfrequency Stage 2 Element Tripped A-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 3 Element Tripped B-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 3 Element Tripped C-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 3 Element Tripped Under/Overfrequency Stage 3 Element Tripped A-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 4 Element Tripped B-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 4 Element Tripped C-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 4 Element Tripped Under/Overfrequency Stage 4 Element Tripped Neutral Voltage Displacement Stage 1 Element Tripped Neutral Voltage Displacement Stage 2 Element Tripped Neutral Voltage Displacement Stage 3 Element Tripped Negative Sequence Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped Negative Sequence Overvoltage Stage 2 Element Tripped Under Voltage Element Tripped Manual/Remote Trip in Progress Auxiliary Timer 1 Element Tripped Auxiliary Timer 2 Element Tripped Auxiliary Timer 3 Element Tripped Manual/Remote Close in Progress
28 29 30 31
0x10000000L 0x20000000L 0x40000000L 0x80000000L
Trip Occurred due to Group 2 Settings
This 32 bit word can be found in packet #4 of the event record as the menu cell value. A decoded text form can be found in packet #3 as the ASCII Text Description of the event (refer to Courier User Manual). The value can be decoded to establish which elements were operated at the time of the event. 4.12 Fault records Although fault records are stored in the event records and they may be extracted in this way, it may be necessary in some instances to extract the fault records directly. To do this, the record number must be first entered in menu cell 0101 so that the correct fault record can be extracted. Fn is the record for the last fault; Fn-1 is the previous fault record and Fn-4 is the oldest record. Then the values for menu column 01 should be requested. The Courier User Guide gives the detailed commands associated with these functions. 4.13 Disturbance records The procedure for setting up the disturbance recorder in the relays, is fully described in Chapter 5, Section 6 of this manual. If the extraction of these records is to be incorporated in some bespoke software program reference should be made to the Courier User Guide for the relevant commands that are necessary to extract the records. It is recommended that all such records are stored in a Comtrade format to enable commercially available programs to use the files. Comtrade includes minimum and maximum values for each analogue channel. In all K Range relays these are 0 and 32767.
Section 5. SETTING CONTROL

Control functions via a K Range relay can be performed over the serial communication link. They include change of individual relay settings, change of setting groups, remote control of the circuit breaker, and operation and latching selected output relays. Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password. CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No response is given for received messages with a detected error. The master station can be set to resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a reply or receives a reply with a detected error. Note: Control commands are generally performed by changing the value of a cell and are actioned by the setting change procedure, as described in Chapter 6, 3.1, and have the same inherent security. No replies are permitted for global commands as these would cause contention on the bus; instead a double send is used for verification of the message by the relay for this type
of command. Confirmation that a control command, or setting change, has been accepted is issued by the relay and an error message is returned when it is rejected. The command to change setting group does not give an error message when the group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3 = 0 to inhibit response to a remote setting group change commands. 5.1 Remote setting change The relay will only respond to setting change commands via the serial port if link SD0 = 1. Setting SD0 = 0 inhibits all remote setting changes with the exception of the SD software links and the password entry. Thus, with link SD0 = 0, remote setting changes are password protected. To change them, the password must be remotely entered and the function link SD function link SD0 set to 1 to enable remote setting changes. When all setting changes have been made, set link SD0 = 0 to restore password protection to remote setting changes. 5.2 Remote control of setting group The setting group selection is fully described in Chapter 4, Section 12.1 including the remote control of this function. Group 2 must be activated before it can be selected by setting software link SD4 = 1. Set link SD3 = 1 to enable the relay to respond to change setting group commands, via the serial port to select group 2 and set SD3 = 0 to inhibit this function. If conventional SCADA has an output relay assigned to select the alternative setting group then it may be used to energise a logic input assigned in the input mask [0D14 Set Grp2]. In this case set link SD3 = 0.
Section 6.
REMOTE OPERATION OF OUTPUT RELAYS
The KVFG relay responds to the load shed by level Courier commands. These were intended to be used to control the load shedding control of conventional voltage regulating relays and can of course still be used for that purpose. However, it also provides a way of remotely operating and latching selected output relays. In the following example it is assumed that relays are allocated in the load shedding output masks as follows: RLY0 assigned in [0E1B Level1] RLY1 assigned in [0E1C Level2] RLY2 assigned in [0E1D Level3] The following truth table then applies: Command Load shed to level 0 Load shed to level 1 Load shed to level 2 Load shed to level 3 RLY 0 0 1 0 0 RLY 1 0 0 1 0 RLY 3 0 0 0 1
If the relays are assigned as follows : RLY0 assigned in [0E1B Level1] RLY1 assigned in [0E1C Level2] RLY0, RLY1 & RLY2 assigned in [0E1D Level3] The truth table would read: Command Load shed to level 0 Load shed to level 1 Load shed to level 2 Load shed to level 3 RLY 0 0 1 0 1 RLY 1 0 0 1 1 RLY 3 0 0 0 1
The relays will retain their selected state until a new command is received. The settings will be stored when the relay is powered-down and restored again on power-up. This allows these particular outputs to be used to select other functions such as blocking under/overvoltage elements.
Section 7.
To set-up the relay for circuit breaker control, relay RLY7 must be assigned in output mask [0E16 CB Trip] and RLY6 in output mask [0E17 CB Close]. Some circuit breakers require the closing pulse to be interrupted when a trip command is issued during the closing sequence, such as when closing onto a fault. This is to prevent pumping of the circuit breaker, ie. reclosing again when the trip signal is terminated, and it can be arranged by setting link SD9 = 1. Some other types of circuit breaker require the close pulse to be maintained and to achieve this, set link SD9 = 0.
ODOE L Trip SD2 ODOF L Close Trip Circuit Breaker Close Circuit Breaker NS2 V2 Cl Bl OD1O Ext Trip RLY 3 RLY 7 1 1 1 tTRIP
OE16 CB Trip
tCLOSE RESET SD9
OE17 CB Close
LOG6
Figure 2:
Circuit breaker control logic
7.1
Remote control of circuit breaker Set link SD2 = 1 to enable remote control of the circuit breaker. The ACCESS, PAS&T, or other suitable program that supports this feature can then be used to perform the remote control of this plant item. When using PAS&T, logic inputs must be assigned in input masks [0D15 CB Closed] and [0D16 CB Open] to indicate the status of the circuit breaker so that a table of circuit breakers and their status can be generated. If the circuit breaker can be racked into an alternative position, such that it can then be connected to busbar 2 instead of busbar 1, then a logic input must be assigned in mask [0D17 Bus2] if this information is required to be displayed by PAS&T. Password protection for remote circuit breaker control can be applied as follows. Set link SD2 = 0 to inhibit remote changes. To make a remote change, enter the password, set link SD2 = 1, and send the command to control the circuit breaker. Then to re-establish password protection set link SD2 = 0 again.
7.2
Local control of the circuit breaker If local controls are routed to the circuit breaker via the logic inputs assigned in masks [0D0E LTrip] and [0D0F LClose], the circuit breaker maintenance records will be updated for local control of the circuit breaker. In this case it will be the action of relay RLY7 operating that causes the record to be incremented as described in Chapter 5, Section 4.1.
7.3
Safe manual closing of the circuit breaker There have been instances of injury to personnel when closing a circuit breaker onto a fault. So, from a health and safety point of view, it is sometimes considered necessary to manually close the circuit breaker from a safe distance. This is particularly important, when the autoreclose has locked-out, or after maintenance on the primary plant when temporary earth clamps may have been left connected. If the closure of the circuit breaker is routed via the KVFG relay, any of the following procedures may be considered:
7.3.1
Closing the circuit breaker via the serial communication port If the serial port of the relay has no connections made to it, then the terminals 54 and 56 can be connected to a jack plug on the front of the panel. To close the circuit breaker from a safe distance it is then only necessary to plug in an extension lead and connect it to a laptop computer. The circuit breaker can then be closed as described in Section 7.1.
7.3.2
Closing the circuit breaker via a lead mounted push-button A spare logic input of the relay can be wired, via the field voltage supply of the relay, to a plug that is mounted on the panel of the cubicle. In this case a jack plug is not advised because the two terminals may be temporarily short circuited when the plug is being inserted. This logic input is then assigned in the input mask [0D0F LClose]. To operate the circuit breaker an extension lead is plugged into the socket and a lead mounted push-button at the other end is then pressed to initiate a pulse of fixed duration to close the circuit breaker. For extra security, one of the auxiliary timers may be connected in the control path, so that the push-button has to be pressed for the set time of the timer before the circuit breaker will close.
7.3.3
Delayed manual closure of the circuit breaker If auxiliary timer Aux3 is not being used for some other purpose and either Aux1 or Aux2 is also available then proceed as follows: 1. Set link LOG5 = 0 to give Aux3 a delay on drop-off. 2. Allocate an output relay in mask [0E1A Aux3] and connect its contact to a spare logic input. 3. Assign this logic input in input mask [0D11 Aux1] to start Aux1 or [0D12 Aux2] to start Aux2. 4. Assign an output relay in mask [0E18 Aux1] or [0E19 Aux2] depending on the timer to be used. 5. Energise a logic input via the contact of this output relay and assign it in input mask [0D0F LClose] to initiate the closing pulse. 6. Allocate a logic input in mask [0D13 Aux3] and arrange for this to be energised via a switch (preferably a key switch) that is spring loaded in the off position. When the initiating switch is closed momentarily timer Aux3 will pick-up its output relay which will remain picked-up for the set time of Aux3. Timer Aux1 (or Aux2) will be picked up by the output relay assigned to Aux3 and when it times out it will pick-up a relay that triggers the close pulse via the LClose input. The time setting for Aux1 (or Aux2) should be the required delay and Aux3 should be set 2 seconds longer. When Aux3 times out the circuit resets. The close sequence can be interrupted by breaking the link, from the output of Aux3 to the logic input initiating Aux1 (or Aux2, whichever is being used), with a push-button or an alternative position on the key switch. Note that these timers have very wide setting ranges and that the delay is in the order of 20 to 30 seconds only. Where no auxiliary timers are available the close pulse could be initiated by energising a logic input assigned in the input mask [0D0F LClose] via a push button connected via a twisted pair of wires of sufficient length. If an auxiliary timer is available and is connected in the initiating path it would add to the security.
Section 8.
AIDS TO CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE
The number of circuit breaker operations is recorded under MEASUREMENTS (2) to assist in determining the need for circuit breaker maintenance.
Chapter 7 Technical Data
7. TECHNICAL DATA 1.1 Ratings 1.1.1 Inputs 1.1.2 Outputs 1.2 Burdens 1.2.1 Reference voltage input 1.2.2 Auxiliary voltage 1.2.3 Opto-isolated inputs 1.3 Setting ranges 1.3.1 Voltage operation 1.3.2 Frequency operation 1.3.3 Time setting ranges 1.3.3.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) 1.3.3.2 Definite independent time (DT) 1.3.3.3 Auxiliary time delays 1.3.4 VT ratio setting 1.4 Measurements displayed 1.5 Accuracy 1.5.1 Reference conditions 1.5.2 Protection settings 1.5.3 Protection element time delays 1.5.4 Auxiliary timers 1.5.5 Measurements 1.6 Influencing quantities 1.6.1 Ambient temperature 1.6.2 Frequency 1.6.3 Voltage 1.6.4 Auxiliary supply 1.7 Opto-isolated inputs 1.8 Output relays 1.9 Operation indicator 1.10 Communication port (K-Bus) 1.11 High voltage withstand 1.11.1 Dielectric withstand 1.11.2 High voltage impulse 1.11.3 Insulation resistance 1.11.4 High frequency disturbance 1.11.5 Fast transient disturbance 1.11.6 EMC compliance 1.11.7 Product safety 1.12 IEEE/ANSI Specifications 1.13 Environmental 1.13.1 Temperature 1.13.5 Shock and bump 1.14 Model numbers 1.15 Frequency response FIGURES Figure 1. Response of Fourier filtering/frequency tracking
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 11 11
Section 7.
1.1 1.1.1
TECHNICAL DATA
Ratings Inputs Rated (Vn) 110 440 Voltage across VT inputs (Vrms) Continuous 1 minute 440 800 1000 Operative range Auxiliary voltage (Vx) Auxiliary powered Rated voltage (V) 24 125 48 250 Frequency (Fn) Freq. tracking Nontracking Non tracking Rating (Vdc) Logic Inputs 50 DC supply (V) 19 150 33 300 Nominal rating (Hz) 50 or 60 50 60 Off state (Vdc) 12 AC supply (V) 50 133 87 265 Crest (V) 190 380
Where Vn is the rated line voltage of the system.
Operative range (Hz) 45 65 49 51 59 61 On state (Vdc) 35
1.1.2
Outputs Field voltage 48V dc (current limited to 60mA)
1.2 1.2.1
Burdens Reference voltage input Vn = 110V Vn = 440V 0.02VA @ 63.5V VT input 0.08VA @ 254V VT input 2.5 6.0 W at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized 4.0 8.0 W at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs energized 5.5 12 W at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs energized
1.2.2
Auxiliary voltage DC supply
AC supply
6.0 12 VA at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized 6.0 14 VA at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs energized 13 23 VA at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs energized
1.2.3
Opto-isolated inputs DC supply 0.25W per input (50V, 10k)
1.3 1.3.1
Setting ranges Voltage operation Stage Under/overvoltage 1 2 3 4 Neutral displacement or residual voltage Negative sequence (KVFG 142) Negative sequence (KVFG 122) 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 Symbol 1V 2V 3V 4V 1Vo 2Vo 3Vo 1V2 2V2 1V2 2V2 Range(Vs) Step size 5 200V 5 200V 5 200V 5 200V 1 100V 1 100V 1 100V 1 150V 1 150V 5 150V 5 150V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V
The above settings are applicable to a 110V nominal voltage rating multiply by four for the 440V version. 1.3.2 Frequency operation Stage Under/overfrequency 1 2 3 4 1.3.3 Time setting ranges The operating time characteristic for all voltage measuring elements are selectable as either inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) or definite time (DT). The frequency element operating time may only be set as definite time. 1.3.3.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) The inverse operating time characteristic is given by the following mathematical expression: Symbol 1F 2F 3F 4F Range 46 64Hz 46 64Hz 46 64Hz 46 64Hz Step size 0.01Hz 0.01Hz 0.01Hz 0.01Hz
t Where t
K l M 1 l
seconds
= Operating time in seconds
K = Time multiplier M = Applied voltage/voltage setting The K factor is selectable for each available stage as follows. Stage Under/overvoltage 1 2 3 4 Neutral displacement or residual voltage Negative sequence 1.3.3.2 Definite independent time (DT) Stage Under/overvoltage 1 2 3 4 Neutral displacement or residual voltage Negative sequence Under/overfrequency 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 1.3.3.3 Auxiliary time delays Three independant auxiliary timers are available, tAUX1 provides delay on pick-up (DPU) whereas tAUX2 and tAUX3 are each capable of providing delay on pick-up (DPU) or delay on drop-off (DDO) operation. Timer delays tTRIP and tCLOSE are used for the remote control of circuit breakers. Symbol 1tV 2tV 3tV 4tV 1tVo 2tVo 3tVo 1tV2 2tV2 1tF 2tF 3tF 4tF Range(s) 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 600 0 600 0 600 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 Step size 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 graded 0.01 graded 0.01 graded 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 2 3 1 2 Symbol 1V(tms) 2V(tms) 3V(tms) 4V(tms) 1Vo(tms) 2Vo(tms) 3Vo(tms) 1V2(tms) 2V2(tms) Range(s) 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 0.5 100 Step size 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Setting range tAUX1 tAUX2 tAUX3 tTRIP tCLOSE 1.3.4 Definite time Definite time Definite time Definite time Definite time Setting range VT Ratios 1.4 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1 0 0 0 to 24days to 24days to 24days
Step size 0.01s min graded 0.01s min graded 0.01s min graded 0.1s 0.1s
0.5 to 5s 0.5 to 5s
VT ratio setting
Measurements displayed Range 110V nominal Under/overvoltage Residual voltage (Vo) Positive sequence (V1) Negative sequence (V2) 440V nominal Under/overvoltage Residual voltage (Vo) Positive sequence (V1) Negative sequence (V2) CB operations Frequency (0 900*) x VT ratio (0 900*) x VT ratio (0 900*) x VT ratio (0 900*) x VT ratio (0 65535) 45 65 (or 0 ) Hz V (phase/neutral or phase/phase) V V V (0 327) x VT ratio (0 327) x VT ratio (0 327) x VT ratio (0 327) x VT ratio V (phase/neutral or phase/phase) V V V Units
* The continuous rating of the 440V model is not to exceed 800V across any VT input winding. 1.5 1.5.1 Accuracy Unless stated otherwise all accuracies are of setting. Reference conditions Ambient temperature Frequency Auxiliary voltage 20C 50Hz or 60Hz (whichever is set) 24V to 125V (125V dc rated auxiliary input) 48V to 250V (250V dc rated auxiliary)
1.5.2
Protection settings Pickup accuracy Under/overvoltage Neutral displacement Negative sequence Under/overfrequency Repeatability Overvoltage Undervoltage Vo measured Vo calculated Negative sequence Overfrequency Underfrequency 3%, typically 2% 5%, typically 2% 3% 0.1%, typically 0.05% 0.5% Dropoff/pickup ratio Typically >95% Typically <105% Typically >95% Typically >95% Typically >95% >99.5% >100.5% Reference range Setting range 35V 200V Setting range 15V 100V 10V 150V (KVFG 142) 25V 150V (KVFG 122) Setting range Setting range Operating time Inverse time Voltage elements The effect due to the measured voltage varying by the claimed tolerance, plus <50ms 1% plus <50ms 1% of setting plus <200ms for steps of >5% of setting <40ms <40ms <50ms Typically <300ms (see Appendix 4) <50ms when the input is reduced to zero <50ms <250ms for step changes from (Fs + 0.5Hz) to (Fs 0.5Hz) Reference range Setting range Setting range 5V 150V (KVFG 142) 15V 150V (KVFG 122)
1.5.3
Protection element time delays
Definite time
Voltage elements Frequency element
Instantaneous
Neutral displacement Under/overvoltage Negative sequence Frequency element
Overshoot time Disengagement
All elements Voltage elements Frequency elements
1.5.4
Auxiliary timers Operating time Disengagement time Set time (0.5%(set time) + (15 to 35)ms 0 to 10 ms (for timers alone) 15 to 30ms (including output relays and opto inputs)
1.5.5
Measurements Voltage Frequency 1% at nomimal volts 0.04% at nominal frequency
1.6 1.6.1
Influencing quantities Ambient temperature Variation Voltage settings Operation times 25 to +55C 0.03% per C 1% 45 to 65Hz 1% 1% Blocking voltage up to continuous rating <0.05% 1% 19 to 150V dc or 50 to 133V ac (24/125V nominal) 33 to 300V dc or 87 to 265V ac (48/250V nominal) Voltage settings Operation times 0.5% 0.5% 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz 10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz Release time Minimum operating voltage Maximum operating voltage Input resistance Maximum series lead resistance 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz 10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz >35V dc 50Vdc 10k (add 12k for every additional 50V in excess of 50V) 2k 1k for single input at 40V min. for 2 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
1.6.2
Frequency Variation Voltage settings Operating times
1.6.3
Voltage Variation Frequency settings Operating times
1.6.4
Auxiliary supply Variation
1.7
Opto-isolated inputs Capture time
0.5k for 4 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
Maximum ac induced loop voltage Maximum capacitance coupled ac voltage 1.8 Output relays Output relays 0 to 7 Type Rating
50Vrms (thermal limit) 250Vrms via 0.1F
1 make Make 30A and carry for 0.2s Carry5A continuous Break DC AC 50W resistive 25W inductive (L/R = 0.04s) 1250VA (maxima of 5A) Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability Watchdog Type Rating
>10,000 operations 1 make + 1 break Make 10A and carry for 0.2s Carry5A continuous Break DC 30W resistive 15W inductive (L/R = 0.04s) AC 1250VA (maxima of 5A) Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability 1.9 Operation indicator
>10,000 operations
3 Light Emitting Diodes internally powered. 16 character by 2 line Liquid Crystal Display (with backlight). 1.10 Communication port (K-Bus) Language Transmission Format Baud Rate K-Bus Cable Length Bus Loading Insolation Courier Synchronous RS485 voltage levels HDLC 64kbit/s Screened twisted pair 1000m Multidrop (32 units) 2kV rms for 1minute
1.11 1.11.1
High voltage withstand Dielectric withstand IEC 60255-5:1977 2kV rms for one minute between all case terminals (except terminal 1) connected together and the case earth/terminals 1. 2kV rms for one minute between terminals of independent circuits, including contact circuits. 1kV rms for 1 minute across the open contacts of the watchdog relays. ANSI/IEEE C37.90 1989 (R1994) 1.5kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of output relays. 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 0.5J between all terminals and all terminals to case earth. >100M when measured at 500Vdc
1.11.2
High voltage impulse IEC 60255-5:1977 Insulation resistance IEC 60255-5:1977 High frequency disturbance
1.11.3 1.11.4
IEC 60255-22-1:1988 Class III 2.5kV peak between independent circuits and case. 1.0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit (except metallic contacts). 1.11.5 Fast transient disturbance IEC 60255-22-4 :1992 Class III & IV 1.11.6 EMC compliance 89/336/EEC Compliance to the European Commission Directive on EMC is claimed via the Technical Construction File route. Generic Standards used to establish conformity. 2kV, 5kHz & 4kV, 2.5kHz applied to all inputs and outputs.
EN50081-2:1994 EN50082-2:1995 1.11.7 Product safety 73/23/EEC
Compliance with European Commission Low Voltage Directive
EN 61010-1:1993/A3:1995 Compliance is demonstrated by reference to EN 60950:1992/A11:1997 generic safety standards. Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255-22-2:1996 Class 3 (8kV) discharge in air with cover in place. Class 2 (4kV) point contact discharge with cover removed.
1.12 1.12.1 1.12.2 1.13 1.13.1
IEEE/ANSI Specifications Surge withstand capability Radio electromagnetic interference Environmental Temperature IEC 60068-2-1:1990 (cold) Humidity IEC 60068-2-3:1969 Enclosure protection IEC 60529:1989 Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Shock and bump IEC 60255-21 2:1988 Seismic IEC 60255-21-3:1993 Storage and transit 25C to +70C. 25C to +55C. C37.90.1 1989. C37.90.2 1995.
IEC 60068-2-2:1974 (dry heat) Operating 1.13.2 1.13.3 1.13.4
56 days at 93% relative humidity and 40C. IP50 (Dust protected). Response Class 1. Endurance Class 2.
1.13.5 1.13.6
Class 1 Class 1
1.14
Model numbers Relay type: Measuring elements: 2 pole 4 pole Configuration: Default Case size: Size 4 MIDOS Flush Mounting Auxiliary voltage (Vx): 24/125V 48/250V Operating voltage (Vn): 110V ac/50 60Hz 440V ac/50 60Hz Language : English French German Spanish E F G S 1 4 2 5 D 0 1 2 4 K V F G 1 2 0 1 D A
1.15
Frequency response
Fourier filter response Anti-aliasing filter response
4 Harmonic
Figure 1.
Response of Fourier filtering/frequency tracking
Measurement is based on the Fourier derived value of the fundamental component of voltage and Figure 1 shows the frequency response that results from this filtering. The 1 on the horizontal scale relates to the selected rated frequency of the relay and the figures 2, 3, 4 etc. are the second, third and fourth harmonic frequencies respectively. It can be seen that harmonics up to and including the 6th are suppressed, giving no output. The 7th is the first predominant harmonic and this is attenuated to approximately 30% by the anti-aliasing filter. For power frequencies that are not equal to the selected rated frequency ie. the frequency does not coincide with 1 on the horizontal scale, the harmonics will not be of zero amplitude. For small frequency deviations of 1Hz, this is not a problem but to allow for larger deviations, an improvement is obtained by the addition of frequency tracking. With frequency tracking the sampling rate of the analogue/digital conversion is automatically adjusted to match the applied signal. In the absence of a signal of suitable amplitude to track, the sample rate defaults to suit that of the selected rated frequency (Fn) for the relay. In the presence of a signal of sufficient amplitude and within the tracking range (45 to 65Hz), the relay will lock on to the signal so that the 1 on the horizontal axis in Figure 1 will coincide with the measured frequency of the signal. The resulting output for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th harmonics will be zero. Thus the response in Figure 1 applies when the relay is not frequency tracking but the input is at the selected rated frequency (Fn) or if the relay is tracking a frequency within the range 45 to 65Hz. Power frequency signals are predominant in phase quantities and are therefore used in the frequency tracking routine, whereas, residual voltage quantities often contain a high proportion of harmonic signals. The residual voltage element of multi-pole relays will generally be locked to the power frequency as the relay tracks it using the phase quantities.
Chapter 8 Commissioning
1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 6. 7. 8. 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2
INTRODUCTION PRODUCT MENU FAMILIARISATION EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TESTING Minimum equipment required Optional equipment PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS With the relay de-energised Visual inspection Insulation External wiring Watchdog contacts With the relay energised Watchdog contacts Light emitting diodes (LEDs) Liquid crystal display (LCD) Field voltage supply Input opto-isolators Output relays Communications ports Voltage inputs SETTING VERIFICATION TESTS Apply settings Verify settings Test stage 1 of the under/overvoltage function (optional) Connect the test circuit Set the ac voltage source Determine the expected operating time Check the thermal withstand Perform test WIRING VERIFICATION TEST FINAL CHECKS PROBLEM SOLVING Password lost or not accepted Protection settings Settings for neutral voltage displacement protection function not displayed Settings for under/overvoltage protection function not displayed Settings for under/overfrequency protection function not displayed Settings for negative sequence overvoltage protection function not displayed Second setting group not displayed Function links can not be changed Curve selection can not be changed Alarms Watchdog alarm Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = 1
1 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14
8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.3.9 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.7
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 1 = 1 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 2 = 1 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 3 = 1 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 4 = 1 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 5 = 1 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 7 = 1 Fault flags will not reset Records Problems with event records Problems with disturbance records Circuit breaker operation counter Communications Measured values do not change Relay no longer responding No response to remote control commands Output relays remain picked up
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21
9. MAINTENANCE 9.1 Remote testing 9.1.1 Alarms 9.1.2 Measurement accuracy 9.1.3 Trip test 9.1.4 Circuit breaker operations counter 9.2 Local testing 9.2.1 Alarms 9.2.2 Measurement accuracy 9.2.3 Trip test 9.2.4 Circuit breaker operations counter 9.2.5 Additional tests 9.3 Method of repair 9.3.1 Replacing a pcb 9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface 9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board 9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board 9.3.2 Replacing output relays 9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board 9.3.4 Replacing the back plane 9.4 Recalibration
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
The KVFG relays are fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection functions in software. The relays employ a high degree of selfchecking so that, for the majority of failures that could occur within the relay, all functions will cease to operate and an error will be flagged. As a result of this, the commissioning tests do not need to be as thorough as with relays using electromechanical and discrete electronic components. To commission numeric relays it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay. It is considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay if the settings have been verified by one of the following methods: Extracting the settings applied to the relay using appropriate setting software (Preferred method) Via the operator interface. The timing test performed on a single element, after the customer settings have been verified, is solely for reassurance that the relay is functioning correctly at those settings and does not prove anything more than the other tests. It is therefore optional. Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for the correct selection of the settings and the scheme logic being applied by external customer wiring. Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided in Appendix 4 for completion as required. BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY SECTION AND CHAPTER 2, HANDLING AND INSTALLATION, OF THIS MANUAL.
Section 2.
PRODUCT MENU FAMILIARISATION
When commissioning a KVFG relay for the first time, an hour should be allowed to become familiar with the menu. Chapter 3, Section 3 contains a detailed description of the menu structure but the key functions are summarised in Table 1. With the cover in place only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible. Data can only be read or flag and counter functions reset. No protection or configuration settings can be changed. Removing the cover allows access to the [+] and [] keys. All settings can be changed and there is greater mobility around the menu. In Table 1, [F] long indicates that the key is pressed for at least 1 second and [F] short for less than 0.5 second. This allows the same key to perform more than one function.
Current display Default display
Key press [F] short or [F] long [+]
Effect of action Display moves to menu column heading SYSTEM DATA Backlight turns ON no other effect Backlight turns ON no other effect Steps through the available default displays Backlight turns ON no other effect Display moves to menu column heading SYSTEM DATA Backlight turns ON no other effect Backlight turns ON no other effect Backlight turns ON no other effect Resets trip LED and returns to default display Move to next item in menu column Move to next column heading Move to previous column heading Move to next column heading Backlight turns ON no other effect Re-establishes password protection and return to default display Move to next item in menu column Move to previous item in menu column Move to next column heading Backlight turns ON no other effect Resets the value if the cell is resettable Puts relay in the setting mode (flashing cursor on bottom line of display) if the cell is not password protected Changes to the confirmation display. If function links, relay or input masks are displayed, the [F] key will step through them from left to right and finally changing to the confirmation display Increments value rapidly increases if held depressed Decrements value rapidly increases if held depressed Escapes from the setting mode without the setting being changed Confirms setting and enters the new value Returns prospective value of setting for checking and further modification Escapes from the setting mode without the setting being changed
[] [0] short [0] long Fault flags after a trip [F] short or [F] long [+]
[] [0] short [0] long Column heading [F] short [F] long [+]
[] [0] short [0] long Any menu cell [F] short [F] + [0] [F] long [0] short [0] long A settable cell Setting mode
[+] or [] [F]
[+] [] [0] Confirmation mode
[+] [] [0]
Only available with front cover removed
Table 1: Function keys
Section 3.
3.1
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TESTING
Minimum equipment required Multimeter with suitable ac and dc voltage ranges Audible continuity tester (if not included in multimeter) Variable transformer (Variac) or suitable ac voltage generator Double pole switch box Resistor (for testing the undervoltage element only) Step-up transformer to cover relay setting range (415/440V version only) Electronic timer Phase rotation meter (not required if KVFG 122 with Vo input configuration)
3.2
Optional equipment Multi-finger test plug type MMLB 01 (if test block type MMLG installed) A portable PC, with appropriate software and a KITZ 101 K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 interface unit (if one is not already installed at site) will be useful and save considerable time. However, it is not essential to commissioning. A printer (for printing a setting record from the portable PC).
Section 4.
PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS
The product verification tests cover all aspects of the product that need to be checked to ensure that the relay has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all measurements are within the stated tolerances. If the application-specific settings have already been applied to the relay, it is necessary to make a copy of the settings so as to allow their restoration on completion of commissioning. This could be done by: Obtaining a setting file on a diskette from the customer (this requires a portable PC with appropriate software for downloading the settings to the relay) Extracting the settings from the product itself (this again requires a portable PC with appropriate software) Using a written record. This could be done using a copy of the setting record located in Appendix 4. If the customer has changed the password that prevents unauthorised changes to some of the settings, either the revised password should be provided or the customer should restore the original password prior to commencement of testing. Note: In the event that the password has been lost, a recovery password can be obtained from the Company by quoting the model and serial numbers of the particular relay. The recovery password is unique to that relay and will not work on any other relay.
4.1
With the relay de-energised The following group of tests should be carried out without the auxiliary supply or measured voltages being applied to the relay and the trip circuit isolated. If an MMLG test block is provided, this can easily be achieved by inserting test plug type MMLB 01 which effectively open-circuits all wiring routed through the test block. Before inserting the test plug, reference should be made to the scheme diagram to ensure that this will not potentially cause damage or a safety hazard. For example, the test block may also be associated with protection current transformer circuits. It is essential that the sockets in the test plug, which correspond to the current transformer secondary windings, are linked before the test plug is inserted into the test block. DANGER: NEVER OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION.
If an MMLG test block is not provided, the voltage transformer supply to the relay should be isolated by means of the panel links or connecting blocks. 4.1.1 Visual inspection Loosen the cover screws and remove the cover. The relay module can now be withdrawn from its case. In accordance with Chapter 2, Section 2 (Handling of Electronic Equipment), carefully examine the module and case to see that no physical damage has occurred prior to commissioning. Check that the serial and model numbers on the front plate and label on the lefthand, inside face of the case are identical. The only time that the serial numbers may not match is when a failed relay has been replaced to provide continuity of protection. The rating information on the front of the relay should also be checked to ensure it is correct for the particular installation. Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to connect the relay to a local earth bar. Where there is more than one relay in a tier, it is recommended that a copper earth bar should be fitted connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same tier together. However, as long as an adequate earth connection is made between relays, the use of a copper earth bar is not essential. 4.1.2 Insulation Insulation resistance tests only need to be done if the customer requires them to be done and they havent been performed during installation. If insulation resistance tests are required, isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V. Terminals of the same circuits should be temporarily strapped together. The main groups of terminals on the relays are: a) Voltage transformer circuits. b) Auxiliary voltage supply. c) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs. d) Relay contacts.
e) Communication port. f) Case earth. On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected to the relay. 4.1.3 External wiring Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme diagram. The relay diagram number appears on a label on the left-hand, inside face of the case and the corresponding connection diagram can be found in Appendix 3 of this manual. If an MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked against the scheme diagram. It is recommended that the supply connections are to the live side of the test block (coloured orange with the odd numbered terminals (1, 3, 5, 7 etc.). The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 (supply positive) and 15 (supply negative), with terminals 14 and 16 connected to the relays positive and negative auxiliary supply terminals respectively. However, check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the customers normal practice. 4.1.4 Watchdog contacts Isolate the relay trip contacts and re-insert the relay module. Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in Table 2 for a deenergised relay. Terminals 3 and 5 4 and 6
Table 2: Watchdog contact status
Contact State Relay De-energised Relay Energised Closed Open Open Closed
4.2
With the relay energised The following group of tests verify that the relay hardware and software is functioning correctly and should be carried out with the auxiliary supply applied to the relay but not the measured voltages. The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 3. Without energising the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it is within the operating range. Relay rating (V) 24/125 48/250 DC operating range (V) 19 150 33 300 AC operating range (V) 50 133 87 265 Maximum crest voltage (V) 190 380
Table 3:
Operational range of auxiliary supply
It should be noted that the relay can withstand an ac ripple of up to 12% of the upper rated voltage on a dc auxiliary supply. However, in all cases the peak value
of the auxiliary supply must not exceed the maximum crest voltage. Do not energise the relay using the battery charger with the battery disconnected as this can seriously damage the relays power supply circuitry. Energise the relay if the auxiliary supply is within the operating range. If an MMLG test block is provided, it may be necessary to link across the front of the test plug to restore the auxiliary supply to the relay. 4.2.1 Watchdog contacts Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in Table 2 for an energised relay. 4.2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs) On power up the green LED should have illuminated and stayed on indicating the relay is healthy. The relay has non-volatile memory which remembers the state (on or off) of the yellow alarm and red trip LED indicators when the relay was last powered, and therefore these indicators may be on. If either the alarm or trip, or both, LEDs are on then these should be reset before proceeding with further testing. If the LEDs successfully reset (the LED goes out), there is no testing required for that LED because it is known to be operational. TESTING THE ALARM LED The alarm LED can simply be tested by entering the password in the [0002 Password] cell as this will cause it to flash. TESTING THE TRIP LED The trip LED can be tested by initiating a manual circuit breaker trip from the relay. However, if output relays 3 or 7 have been allocated for circuit breaker tripping in the relay masks for the over/undervoltage protection function, the trip LED will operate during the optional timing test performed later. Otherwise the trip LED will need testing. If neither output relay 3 nor 7 has been assigned for manual circuit breaker tripping, with the password entered (use the [0002 Password] cell if not already in this mode), set relay mask [0E16 CB Trip] bit 7 to 1. Set cell [0010 CB Control] to Trip and confirm the operation by pressing [F] then[+]. Check the trip LED to ensure it comes on. RESTORING PASSWORD PROTECTION To restore password protection (stopping changes to password-protected cells), press and hold the [F] key for over 1 second then press and hold the [0] key for over 1 second. Password protection will also be restored automatically 15 minutes after the last key press. The alarm LED stops flashing to indicate that password protection has been restored. 4.2.3 Liquid crystal display (LCD) There are no test routines for the LCD. The display itself can be checked by moving through the relay menu looking for pixels (the dots on the display used to form the text) that are not working. There is an integral backlight in the display that allows settings to be read in all conditions of ambient lighting. It is switched on when any key on the frontplate is momentarily pressed and is designed to switch off 10 minutes after the last key
press. Check that the backlight does switches off as it will impose an unnecessary burden on the station battery if it stays on. 4.2.4 Field voltage supply The relay generates a field voltage of nominally 48V that should be used to energise the opto-isolated inputs. Measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and 8. Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and the voltage should be within the range 45V to 60V when no load is connected. 4.2.5 Input opto-isolators This test checks that all the opto-inputs are functioning correctly. The KVFG122 has only 3 opto-inputs (L0, L1 and L2) while the KVFG142 has the full 8 opto-inputs (L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7). To allow the opto-inputs to work, terminal 8 (field voltage supply negative) should be linked to terminal 52 on both models and also to terminal 55 for the KVFG142. The opto-inputs can then be individually energised by connecting terminal 7 (field voltage supply positive) to the appropriate opto-input listed in Table 4. Note: The opto-isolated inputs may be energised from an external 50V battery in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field voltage otherwise damage to the relay may result. Opto-isolator Terminal number
Table 4:
L0 46
L1 48
L2 50
L3 45
L4 47
L5 49
L6 51
L7 53
Opto-isolator connections
The status of each opto-input can be viewed using cell [0020 Log Status]. When each opto is energised, one of the characters on the bottom line of the display will change to indicate the new state of the inputs. The number printed on the frontplate under the display will identify which opto each character represents. A 1 indicates an energised state and a 0 indicates a de-energised state. 4.2.6 Output relays This test is to check that all the output relays are functioning correctly. With the password entered (using the [0002 Password] cell), set relay mask [0E16 CB Trip] bit 0 to 1 and the rest (bits 1 to 7) to 0. Connect an audible continuity tester across the terminals corresponding to output relay 0 given in Table 5. Select the [0010 CB Control] cell and press the [+] key until Trip CB is displayed. Press the [F] once followed by the [+] key to confirm the change. Operation of output relay 0 will be confirmed by the continuity tester sounding for the duration of the trip pulse time in the [0C05 tTRIP] cell. Repeat the test for output relays 1 to 3 inclusive for a KVFG122 relay and relays 1 to 7 inclusive for a KVFG 142 relay.
Output Relay 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
[0E16 CB Trip] Mask Setting 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Terminal Numbers 30 and 32 34 and 36 38 and 40 42 and 44 29 and 31 33 and 35 37 and 39 41 and 43
Table 5: Settings for output tests
If an output relay is found to have failed, an alternative relay can be temporarily re-allocated until such time as the KVFG module can be repaired or a replacement can be installed. To restore password protection (stopping changes to password-protected cells), press and hold the [F] key for over 1 second then press and hold the [0] key for over 1 second. Password protection will also be restored automatically 15 minutes after the last key press. The alarm LED stops flashing to indicate that password protection has been restored. 4.2.7 Communications ports This test should only be performed where the relay is to be accessed from a remote location. It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the remote location, just the relays K-Bus circuitry and the protocol converter. Connect a portable PC running the appropriate software to the incoming (remote from relay) side of the protocol converter and ensure that the communications settings in the application software are set the same as those on the protocol convertor. Check that communications with the KVFG can be established. 4.2.8 Voltage inputs This test verifies the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances. All relays will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz. If operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set in cell [0009 Freq]. Press the [+] key until the displayed frequency is 60Hz, then press the [F] key once followed by the [+] key to confirm the change. Depending on the relay model and software link settings, the relay can interpret the measurement as a residual, phase to phase or phase to neutral voltage. To simplify testing, the password should be entered (using the [0002 Password] cell if not already in this mode) and the following settings applied: Set cell [0003 SD Links] link A to 1 (KVFG 122 only). Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 3 to 0 (KVFG 142 only).
Set cell [0402 VT Ratio] to 10:1 (only when Vo used). Set cell [0501 VF Links] link C to 1 (both models). Set cell [0502 VT Ratio] to 10:1 (both models). These settings configure the relay so that it treats the measured voltages as phase to neutral or residual voltages, depending on the voltage transformer input, for each model and uses a voltage transformer ratio of 10:1 for each voltage input. To restore password protection (stopping changes to password-protected cells), press and hold the [F] key for over 1 second then press and hold the [0] key for over 1 second. Password protection will also be restored automatically 15 minutes after the last key press. The alarm LED stops flashing to indicate that password protection has been restored. Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn, checking its magnitude using a multimeter. Refer to Table 6 for the corresponding reading in the relays MEASURE 1 column and record the value displayed. All measured voltage values on the relay should equal the applied voltage multiplied by the voltage transformer ratio set in the [0402 VT Ratio] cell for neutral voltage transformer inputs or [0502 VT Ratio] cell for phase voltage transformer inputs, as applicable. The acceptable tolerance is 1%. Voltage applied to Terminals 17 and 20 Terminals 18 and 20 Terminals 19 and 20 Terminals 21 and 22
Table 6: Voltage transformer test configuration
Menu cell [0208 Va] [0209 Vb] [0208 Va] [020A Vc] [020B Vo] (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 122) (KVFG 142) (KVFG 122, 142)
Section 5. SETTING VERIFICATION TESTS

The setting verification tests ensure that all the predetermined settings for the particular installation (customers settings) have been correctly applied to the relay and that the relay is operating correctly at those settings. 5.1 Apply settings There are two methods of applying the settings: Downloading them to the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate software via a KITZ protocol converter. If a KITZ is not installed as part of the customers scheme, one will have to be temporarily connected to the K-Bus terminals of the relay. This method is the preferred as it is much faster and there is less margin for error. If a setting file has been created by the customer and provided on a diskette, this will save time. Enter them manually via the relays operator interface.
5.2
Verify settings The settings applied should be carefully checked against the customers desired settings to ensure they have been entered correctly. However, this is not considered essential if a customer-prepared setting file has been downloaded to the relay using a portable PC. There are two methods of verifying the settings: Extract the settings from the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate software via a KITZ protocol converter and compare with the customers original setting record. (For cases where the customer has only provided a printed copy of the required settings but a portable PC is available). Step through the settings using the relays operator interface and compare them with the customers record.
5.3
Test stage 1 of the under/overvoltage function (optional) This timing test performed on a single element is solely for reassurance that the relay is functioning correctly at the settings and does not prove anything more than the foregoing tests. It is therefore optional. To demonstrate that the KVFG is operating correctly at the chosen settings, a timing test should be performed on the under/overvoltage function if it is enabled (cell [0501 VF Links] link 0 equals 1). As each stage can be set either for overvoltage or undervoltage protection, with a definite or inverse time characteristic, it is necessary to look at the settings in cell [0501 VF links] links 1 and 2 as these will determine the test procedure.
5.3.1
Connect the test circuit Connect the ac voltage source to terminals 19 and 20 of the KVFG with one connection taken via one pole of the switch box. This allows the fault voltage to be applied to the relay only during the test. Where the stage is being used for overvoltage, a voltage will only be applied to the relay during the test. However, when used for undervoltage, the relay must see a voltage greater than setting when not being tested and less than setting during the test. Therefore, the switch will be used to reduce the voltage measured by the relay during test conditions (eg. by putting a series connected resistor in circuit during the test). If cell [0501 VF Links] link 2 is set to 1, all phases must be experiencing the under or overvoltage condition for the relay to initiate a trip. Therefore each phase voltage transformer input should be connected in parallel. The other pole of the switch box should be connected to start the timer when the fault voltage is applied to the relay. An output relay should be connected to stop the timer when a trip is initiated by the under/overvoltage function. This output relay will be defined in the appropriate output relay cell in the RELAY MASK column of the menu. For the KVFG142, this will be an output relay allocated cell [0E06 1tVc(-a)]. For the KVFG122, it will be an output relay allocated cell [0E04 1tVa(-b)].
5.3.2
Set the ac voltage source If cell [0501 VF Links] link 1 equals 0, stage 1 has been set for overvoltage operation. Set, but dont apply to the relay, a voltage on the ac voltage source of twice the stage 1 voltage setting given in the [0503 1V] cell.
If cell [0501 VF Links] link 1 equals 1, stage 1 has been set for undervoltage operation. Set the ac voltage source so that prior to testing the voltage is above the stage 1 voltage setting given in cell [0503 1V] and, during testing, half the stage 1 voltage setting. However, if cell [0501 VF Links] link D has been set to 1, the voltage during testing must be greater than 15V as the undervoltage function will be blocked below this voltage. 5.3.3 Determine the expected operating time The setting of cell [0504 1V Char] selects the operating characteristic as either definite time or inverse. If set to definite time, the value of cell [0505 1tV] is the stage 1 operating time in seconds. If set to inverse, the value of cell [0506 1V (tms)] is the time multiplier setting (TMS). The corresponding operating time (t) in seconds is given by: t where M = 5.3.4 Applied voltage Relay setting voltage (Vs) = TMS M 1
Check the thermal withstand The relays voltage inputs have been designed to withstand 2Vn continuously or 2.6Vn for 10 seconds, where Vn = 110V or 415/440V. Before performing the tests, it should be checked that the thermal withstand is not going to be exceeded as this could cause permanent damage to the relay.
5.3.5
Perform test Reset the timer. Apply the test voltage to the relay and record the time displayed on the timer. The operating time should be the time calculated in step 3 2% or 50 milliseconds, whichever is the greater.
Section 6.
WIRING VERIFICATION TEST
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has been removed to allow testing. If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform any of the above tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. The following on-load measuring test ensures that the external (customer) wiring to the voltage inputs is correct but can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the energisation of the plant being protected. Measure the voltage transformer secondary voltages to ensure that they are correctly rated and check that the system phase rotation is correct using a phase rotation meter.
If a KVFG 122 that is configured to measure Vo (ie. an open-delta voltage transformer winding connected to terminals 21 and 22) is being tested, it may not be possible to check the phase rotation. Compare the values of the secondary voltages with the relays measured values, which can be found in the MEASURE 1 menu column. If the voltage transformer ratio settings (cells [0402 VT Ratio] and [0502 VT Ratio] for residual and phase voltages respectively) are set to 1:1, the displayed values are in secondary Volts. The relay values should be within 1% of the applied secondary voltages. Otherwise, if the voltage transformer ratio settings (cells [0402 VT Ratio] and [0502 VT Ratio] for residual and phase voltages respectively) are set greater than 1:1, the displayed values are in primary Volts. In this case the relay values will be equal to the applied secondary voltages multiplied by the appropriate voltage transformer ratio setting and should be within the 1% tolerance. It should be noted that no residual voltage will be measured under normal load conditions. It will therefore be necessary to simulate a phase to neutral fault to check the voltage transformer wiring.
Section 7.
FINAL CHECKS
The tests are now complete. Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform the wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. If the circuit breaker operations counter should be zero, reset it using cell [0310 CB ops]. If a MMLG test block is installed, remove the MMLB 01 test plug and replace the MMLG cover so that the protection is restored to service. Replace the cover on the KVFG. Ensure that all alarms and LEDs have been reset before leaving the relay.
Section 8.
8.1
PROBLEM SOLVING
Password lost or not accepted Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA. Only uppercase letters are accepted. Password can be changed by the user, see Chapter 3, Section 3. There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can be supplied by the factory, or service agent, if given details of its serial number. The serial number will be found in cell [0008 Serial No.] and should correspond to the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the frontplate of the relay. If they differ, quote the one in cell [0008 Serial No.].
8.2 8.2.1
Protection settings Settings for neutral voltage displacement protection function not displayed For Group 1 settings: Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 2 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings. For Group 2 settings: Set cell [0801 ND Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0801 ND Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0801 ND Links] link 2 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings.
8.2.2
Settings for under/overvoltage protection function not displayed For Group 1 settings: Set cell [0501 VF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0501 VF Links] link 3 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0501 VF Links] link 6 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings. Set cell [0501 VF Links] link 9 to 1 to turn on stage 4 settings. For Group 2 settings: Set cell [0901 VF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0901 VF Links] link 3 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0901 VF Links] link 6 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings. Set cell [0901 VF Links] link 9 to 1 to turn on stage 4 settings.
8.2.3
Settings for under/overfrequency protection function not displayed For Group 1 settings: Set cell [0601 FF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0601 FF Links] link 2 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0601 FF Links] link 4 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings. Set cell [0601 FF Links] link 6 to 1 to turn on stage 4 settings. For Group 2 settings: Set cell [0A01 FF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0A01 FF Links] link 2 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. Set cell [0A01 FF Links] link 4 to 1 to turn on stage 3 settings. Set cell [0A01 FF Links] link 6 to 1 to turn on stage 4 settings.
8.2.4
Settings for negative sequence overvoltage protection function not displayed For Group 1 settings: Set cell [0701 NS Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0701 NS Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings.
For Group 2 settings: Set cell [0B01 NS Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings. Set cell [0B01 NS Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings. 8.2.5 8.2.6 Second setting group not displayed Set cell [0003 SD Links] link 4 to 1 to turn on the Group 2 settings. Function links can not be changed Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected. Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed. 8.2.7 Curve selection can not be changed Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected. Curves may not have been selectable in the particular relay. 8.3 Alarms If the watchdog relay operates, first check that the relay is energised from the auxiliary supply. If it is, try to determine the cause of the problem by examining the alarm flags in cell [0022 Alarms]. This will not be possible if the display is not responding to key presses. Having attempted to determine the cause of the alarm it may be possible to return the relay to an operable state by resetting it. To do this, remove the auxiliary power supply from the relay for approximately 10 seconds before re-establishing the supply. The relay should return to an operating state. Re-check the alarm status in cell [0022 Alarms] if the alarm LED is still indicating an alarm state. The following notes will give guidance: 8.3.1 Watchdog alarm The watchdog output relay will pick up when the KVFG is operational to indicate a healthy state, with its normally open contact closed. When an alarm condition that requires some action to be taken is detected, the watchdog relay resets and its normally closed contact will close to give an alarm. Note: The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog relay. There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the normally closed contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/ healthy relay will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case. If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found from the alarm records in cell [0022 Alarms] (see Chapter 3, Section 7.1). 8.3.2 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = 1 For an Uncfg configuration alarm, the protection is stopped and no longer performing its intended function as there will be an error in the factory configuration settings. To return the relay to a serviceable state, the initial factory configuration will have to be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
8.3.3
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 1 = 1 For an Uncalib calibration alarm, the protection will still be operational but there will be an error in its calibration that will require attention. It may be left running provided the error does not cause any problems with incorrect tripping. To return the relay to a serviceable state, the initial factory configuration will have to be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
8.3.4
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 2 = 1 A Setting alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the selected protection settings are stored has been corrupted. The current settings should be checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes that have been made. If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disk with the serial number of the relay used as the file name. The settings can then be readily loaded back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
8.3.5
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 3 = 1 The No Service alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the calibration or configuration mode when the protection program will be stopped.
8.3.6
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 4 = 1 The No Samples alarm flag indicates that there is no output from the analogue to digital convertor, although the relay will remain in service. If this flag should be set to 1, please contact the factory or an approved service centre for advice.
8.3.7
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 5 = 1 The No Fourier alarm flag indicates that the Fourier analysis algorithm is no longer running. If this flag should be set to 1, please contact the factory or an approved service centre for advice.
8.3.8
Cell [0022 Alarms] link 7 = 1 The CB ops alarm flag indicates that, since the operations counter was last reset, the circuit breaker has operated the number of times that has been set in cell [0C07 CB Ops>]. The circuit breaker operations counter can be viewed and reset using cell [0310 CB ops].
8.3.9
Fault flags will not reset These flags can only be reset when the flags Fn are being displayed or by resetting the fault records (cell [0110 Clear=0]). For more details refer to Chapter 3, Section 4.15.
8.4 8.4.1
Records Problems with event records Fault records will only be generated if RLY3 is operated because this is the trigger to store the records. Fault records can be generated in response to another protection operating if one of its trip contacts is used to operate RLY3 via an opto-isolated input on the K Relay. This will result in the fault values, as measured by the K Relay, being
stored at the instant RLY3 resets. The flag display (cell [0102 Fn G1]) will include a flag to identify the opto-isolated input that initiated the record. Fault currents recorded are lower than actual values, as the fault is interrupted before measurement is completed. Few fault records can be stored when changes in the state of logic inputs and relay outputs are stored in the event records. These inputs and outputs can generate many events for each fault occurrence and limit the total number of faults that can be stored. Setting function link [0003 SD Links] link 7 to 0 will turn off this feature and allow the maximum number of fault records to be stored. The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply. Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD. Any spare opto-isolated inputs may be used to log changes of state of external contacts in the event record buffer of the K Relay. The opto-isolated input does not have to be assigned to a particular function in order to achieve this (ie. it does not have to be assigned in any of the input masks). The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer becomes full. When a master station has successfully read a record, it usually clears it automatically. When all records have been read, the event bit in the status byte within the master station program is set to 0 to indicate that there are no longer any records to be retrieved. 8.4.2 Problems with disturbance records Only one record can be held in the buffer and the recorder must be reset before another record can be stored. Automatic reset can be achieved by setting cell [0003 SD Links] link 6 to 1. Once the disturbance recorder has stopped, it will reset after the auxiliary 1 timer setting (cell [0C02 tAUX1]). The disturbance records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply. Disturbance records can only be read via the serial communication port. It is not possible to display them on the LCD. No trigger has been selected in cells [0F04 Logic Trig] or [0F05 Relay trig] to initiate the storing of a disturbance record. The disturbance recorder is automatically reset after the auxiliary 1 timer setting (cell [0C02 tAUX1]) following stopping of the recorder. Change cell [0003 SD Links] link 6 to 0 to select manual reset. Post trigger (cell [0F03 Post Trigger]) is set to maximum value. Thus, the relay is missing the fault. When a master station has successfully read a record, it will clear the record automatically and the disturbance record bit in the status byte within the master station program will then be set to 0 to indicate that there is no longer a record to be retrieved.
8.5
Circuit breaker operation counter When a replacement KVFG is fitted, it may be desirable to increment the circuit breaker operation counter (count displayed in cell [0310 CB ops]) to the value on the old relay. The counter can be incremented manually by operating the output relay allocated for circuit breaker tripping the required number of times. The circuit breaker operation counter is not incremented when another protection trips the circuit breaker. Add a trip input from the other protection to an optoisolated input of the K Relay and arrange for output relay RLY3 or RLY7 to operate instantaneously in response to the input.
8.6
Communications An address (cell [000B Rly Address]) can not be automatically allocated if the remote change of setting has been inhibited by cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 being set to 0. This must be set to 1 for remote setting changes to be enabled. Alternatively, the address must be entered manually via the user interface on the relay. An address (cell [000B Rly Address]) can not be allocated automatically unless the address is first manually set to 0. This can be achieved by a global command including the serial number of the relay. Relay address is set to 255, the global address for which no replies are permitted.
8.6.1
Measured values do not change Values in the MEASURE 1 and MEASURE 2 columns of the menu are snap-shots of the values at the time they were requested. To obtain a value that varies with the measured quantity, it should be added to the poll list as described in the user manual for the access software being used.
8.6.2
Relay no longer responding Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding. If this is the case, the relays communication processor should be reset by removing the auxiliary supply from the relay for at least 10 seconds before re-energising it. This should not be necessary as the reset operation occurs automatically when the relay detects a loss of communication. If relays further along the bus are not communicating, check to find out which are responding to the master station. If some are responding, the position of the break in the bus can be determined by deduction. If none is responding, check for data on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with requests. Check there are not two relays with the same address (cell [000B Rly Address]) on the bus.
8.6.3
No response to remote control commands Check that cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 is not set to 0 as this will inhibit the relay from responding to remote commands. If this is the case set cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 to 1; a password will be required. System data function link settings can not be performed over the communication link if the remote change of settings has been inhibited by setting cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 to 0. Change [0003 SD Links] link 0 to 1 manually via the user interface on the relay first. Relay is not identified in the Circuit Breaker Control Menu of the Protection Access Software and Toolkit if two auxiliary circuit breaker contacts have not been
connected to the opto-isolated inputs of the relay to indicate its position via the Plant Status Word (cell [000C Plnt Status]). Check input masks [0D15 CB Closed] and [0D16 CB Open] for correct opto-isolator allocations, and the connections to the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker. 8.7 Output relays remain picked up Relays remain picked up when de-selected by link or mask. If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either due to a software link change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until the K Relay is powered down and up again. After such changes, it is advisable to remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for at least 10 seconds before reenergising it.
Section 9.
9.1
MAINTENANCE
Remote testing K-Range Midos relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier designs of relay. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken. However, some periodic tests could be done to ensure that the relay is functioning correctly. If the relay can be communicated with from a remote point, via its serial port, then some testing can be carried out without actually visiting the site.
9.1.1
Alarms The alarm status should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist. The alarm records (cell [0022 Alarms]) can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may exist.
9.1.2
Measurement accuracy The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to check that they are in the approximate range that is expected. If they are, then the analogue/digital conversion and calculations are being performed correctly.
9.1.3
Trip test If the relay is configured to provide remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip test can be performed remotely in several ways: 1. Read the measured voltages in the MEASURE 1 column and adjust the under/ overvoltage function stage 1 setting (cell [0503 1V]) so that it operates after its time delay. The settings can then be returned to their usual value and the circuit breaker reclosed. Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be used for this test by having the test setting pre-selected and issuing a command to change the setting group that is in use to initiate the tripping sequence. 2. If the relay is connected for remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip/ close cycle can be performed. This method will not check as much of the functional circuitry of the relay as the previous method but it will not need the settings of the relay to be changed.
If a failure to trip occurs, view cell [0021 Rly Status] whilst the test is repeated. This will check that the output relay is being commanded to operate. If the trip test is being performed using a trip/close cycle, the output relay assigned in cell [0E16 CB Trip] should operate and not the main trip relay used by the protection functions. If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary repair. However, a visit may be needed to effect a wiring change. See Chapter 3, Section 4.14 for details on how to set relay masks. 9.1.4 Circuit breaker operations counter The number of circuit breaker operations can be obtained at this time by reading cell [0310 CB ops]). 9.2 Local testing When testing locally, similar tests to those for remote testing may be carried out to check for correct functioning of the relay. 9.2.1 Alarms The alarm status LED should be checked first to identify if any alarm conditions exist. The alarm records (cell [0022 Alarms]) can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may exist. 9.2.2 Measurement accuracy The values measured by the relay can be checked against known values of voltage applied to the relay. Suitable test methods can be found in Section 6 of this chapter. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained. 9.2.3 Trip test If the relay is configured to provide a trip test via its user interface then this should be performed to test the output trip relays. If the relay is configured for remote control of the circuit breaker, the trip test will initiate the remote circuit breaker trip relay (assigned in cell [0E16 CB Trip] and not the main trip relay used by the protection functions. In this case the main trip relay should be tested by adjusting the under/overvoltage protection function stage 1 setting (cell [0503 1V]) so that it operates after its time delay. Afterwards, the settings must be returned to their usual value. Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be used for this test by having the test setting pre-selected and changing the setting group that is in use to initiate the tripping sequence. If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary repair. See Chapter 3, Section 4.14 for details on how to set relay masks. 9.2.4 Circuit breaker operations counter The number of circuit breaker operations can be obtained at this time by reading cell [0310 CB ops]). 9.2.5 Additional tests Additional tests can be selected from the Commissioning Instructions as required.
9.3
Method of repair Please read the Safety Section and Chapter 2, Handling and Installation, before proceeding with this work. This will ensure that no further damage is caused by incorrect handling of the electronic components.
9.3.1
Replacing a pcb Recalibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless it happens to be the left-hand board of the two that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block as this one directly affect the calibration.
9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface Withdraw the module from its case. Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate. Remove the front plate. Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its mounting. Pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge. Replace with a new interface board and re-assemble in the reverse order. 9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board This is the pcb at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front. To replace this board: First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two screws through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate. Remove screen to expose the pcb. Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly below it on the lower edge of the pcb. Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that they are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the connectors apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card. The connectors are designed for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual dismantling of the unit. Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence, making sure that the screen plate is replaced with all four screws securing it. 9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module. Remove the processor board as described in 9.3.1.2 above. Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in place. Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and withdraw. Replace in the reverse order of the above sequence, making sure that the screen plate is replaced with all four screws securing it. 9.3.2 Replacing output relays The main processor and auxiliary expansion boards are removed and replaced as described in Sections 9.3.1.2 and 9.3.1.3 above respectively.
It should be noted when replacing output relays that the pcbs have through plated holes. Care must therefore be taken not to damage these holes when a component is removed, otherwise solder may not flow through the hole to make a good connection to the tracks on the component side of the pcb. 9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the module. Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of the module. Unplug the back plane from the power supply board. Remove the securing screws at the top and bottom of the power supply board. Withdraw the power supply board from the rear, unplugging it from the front bus. Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence. 9.3.4 Replacing the back plane Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the module. Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of the module. Unplug the back plane from the power supply board. Twist outwards and around to the side of the module. Replace the pcb and terminal block assembly. Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence. 9.4 Recalibration Recalibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless it happens to be the left-hand board of the two that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block as this one directly affects the calibration. Although it is possible to carry out recalibration on site, this requires test equipment with suitable accuracy and a special calibration program to run on a PC. It is therefore recommended that the work is carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre. After calibration, the relay will need to have all the settings required for the application re-entered if a replacement board has been fitted. Therefore, it is useful if a copy of the settings is available on floppy disk. Although this is not essential, it can reduce the time taken to re-enter the settings and hence the time the protection is out of service.
Appendix 1 Logic Diagrams
R8559B Appendix 1 Contents
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6.
Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 1 Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 2 Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 3 Scheme logic diagram KVFG 142 Sheet 1 Scheme logic diagram KVFG 142 Sheet 2 Scheme logic diagram KVFG 142 Sheet 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
R8559B Appendix 1 Page 1 of 6
+
VF1 0 1 ODO4 Blk 1tV VF0 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF1 0 1 VF4 0 1 VF3 0 1 ODO5 Blk 2tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF4 0 1 VF7 0 1 VF6 0 1 ODO6 Blk 3tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF7 0 1 VFA 0 1 ODO7 Blk 4tV VF9 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VFA 0 1 VFD 0 1 Va (b)< Va (c)< SDA 0 1 FF1 0 1 4V 2V 1V
>1 &
1tV
VF2 1 0
&
OEO4 1tVa (b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO5 1tVb (c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO6 1tVc (a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SDA 0 1 STAGE 1 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
>1 &
2tV
VF5 1 0
&
OEO7 2tVa (b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO8 2tVb (c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO9 2tVc (a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SDA 0 1 STAGE 2 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
>1 &
3V
3tV
VF8 1 0
OEOA 3tVa (b)
&
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEOB 3tVb (c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEOC 3tVc (a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SDA 0 1 STAGE 3 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
>1 &
4tV
VFB 1
&
OEOD 4tVa (b) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEOE 4tVb (c) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEOF 4tVc (a) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SDA 0 1 STAGE 4 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
&
ODO8 Blk 1tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1F ODO9 Blk 2tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING FOR V&F ELEMENTS
FF0 0 1
&
1tF
OE10 1tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STAGE 1 UNDER/OVER FREQUENCY
FF2 0 1
FF3 0 1
&
2tF
OE11 2tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2F ODOA Blk 3tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF4 0 1
FF5 0 1
&
3tF
OE12 3tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3F ODOB Blk 4tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF6 0 1
FF7 0 1
&
4tF
OE13 4tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
4F ODO1 Blk 1tVo SDA 0 1 SDA 0 1
STAGE 4 UNDER/OVER FREQUENCY STAGE 1 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT STAGE 2 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT
ND0 0 1 ND1 0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1Vo ODO2 Blk 2tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2Vo
&
1tVo 2tVo
OEO1 1tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
&
OEO2 2tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 1.
Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 1
+
ND2 0 1 NS0 0 1 NS1 0 1 ODOE L Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SD2 0 1 ODOF L Close 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Trip Circuit Breaker ODO3 Blk 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3Vo ODOC Blk 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1V2 ODOD Blk 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2V2 ODO3 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SDA 0 1 SDA 1 0 SDA 1 0
STAGE 3 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT STAGE 1 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE STAGE 2 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE
& & & >1
3tVo 1tV2 2tV2
OE14 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE15 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tTRIP tCLOSE
RESET SD9 0 1
OE16 CB Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Close Circuit Breaker
>1 >1
OE17 CB Close 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
V2 CI BI
NS2 0 1
OD10 Ext Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RLY3 LOG6 0 1 RLY7
>1
GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS LATCH RED TRIP LED LATCH FLAGS GENERATE FAULT RECORD & COPY TO EVENT RECORDS SD5 0 1 SD8 0 1
RESET TRIP FLAGS Recorder Stopped RESET DISTURBANCE RECORDER OE18 Aux1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD8 0 1
OD11 Aux1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Recorder Stopped
>1 >1 tAUX1

LOG3 0 1 LOG5 0 1
DISTURBANCE RECORDER RESET
OD12 Aux2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tAUX2
OE19 Aux2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUXILIARY TIMERS
OD13 Aux3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD14 Set Grp2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tAUX3
OE1A Aux3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SD4 0 1 CHANGE TO SETTING GROUP 2
SD3 0 1
Remote Set Grp2 Remote Set Grp1 OD15 CB Closed 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD16 CB Open 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD17 Bus 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PLANT STATUS WORD
SET RESET
>1
SETTING GROUP CONTROL
Load Shed Level 1 Load Shed Level 2 Load Shed Level 3
OE1B Level 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1C Level 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1D Level 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1E CB Alarm 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER ALARM LOAD SHEDDING PLANT STATUS
LOG7 0 1
SD
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ND2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LOG F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 2.
FUNCTION LINK SETTINGS LINK NUMBER SD Fn. Links ND1 Fn. Links ND2 Fn. Links VF1 Fn Links VF2 Fn. Links FF1 Fn. Links FF2 Fn. Links NS1 Fn. Links NS2 Fn. Links LOG Fn. Links LOGIC SETTINGS TIMER TIMER TIMER TIMER tAUX1 tAUX2 tAUX 3 tTRIP TIMER tCLOSE CB Ops> Display F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYSTEM SETTINGS SYS SYS SYS SYS SYS SYS Password Description Plant Ref. Frequency Rly Address CB Control
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RECORDER SETTINGS REC Control REC Capture REC Post Trigger F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
REC Logic trig REC Relay trig
PROTECTION SETTINGS Neut. Disp 1 ND1 VT Ratio ND1 1Vo ND1 1VoChar ND1 1tVo ND1 1Vo(tms) ND1 2Vo ND1 2VoChar ND1 2tVo ND1 2Vo(tms) ND1 3Vo ND1 3VoChar ND1 3tVo ND1 3Vo(tms) SETTING UV/OV 1 UV/OV1 VT Ratio UV/OV1 1V UV/OV1 1VChar UV/OV1 1tV UV/OV1 1V(tms) UV/OV1 2V UV/OV1 2VChar UV/OV1 2tV UV/OV1 2V(tms) UV/OV1 3V UV/OV1 3VChar UV/OV1 3tV UV/OV1 3V(tms) UV/OV1 4V UV/OV1 4VChar UV/OV1 4tV UV/OV1 4V(tms) GROUP 1 UF/OF 1 UF/OF1 1F UF/OF1 1tF UF/OF1 2F UF/OF1 2tF UF/OF1 3F UF/OF1 3tF UF/OF1 4F UF/OF1 4tF Neg Seq 1 NS1 1V2 NS1 1V2Char NS1 1tV2 NS1 1V2(tms) NS1 2V2 NS1 2V2Char NS1 2tV2 NS1 2V2(tms) NS1 V2 CI BI Neut Disp 2 ND2 VT Ratio ND2 1Vo ND2 1VoChar ND2 1tVo ND2 1Vo(tms) ND2 2Vo ND2 2VoChar ND2 2tVo ND2 2Vo(tms) ND2 3Vo ND2 3VoChar ND2 3tVo ND2 3Vo(tms) SETTING UV/OV 2 UV/OV2 VT Ratio UV/OV2 1V UV/OV2 1VChar UV/OV2 1tV UV/OV2 1V(tms) UV/OV2 2V UV/OV2 2VChar UV/OV2 2tV UV/OV2 2V(tms) UV/OV2 3V UV/OV2 3VChar UV/OV2 3tV UV/OV2 3V(tms) UV/OV2 4V UV/OV2 4VChar UV/OV2 4tV UV/OV2 4V(tms) GROUP 2 UF/OF 2 UF/OF2 1F UF/OF2 1tF UF/OF2 2F UF/OF2 2tF UF/OF2 3F UF/OF2 3tF UF/OF2 4F UF/OF2 4tF Neg Seq 2 NS2 1V2 NS2 1V2Char NS2 1tV2 NS2 1V2(tms) NS2 2V2 NS2 2V2Char NS2 2tV2 NS2 2V2(tms) NS2 V2 CI BI
Figure 3.
+
VF1 0 1 OD04 Blk 1tV VF0 0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
>1 &
1V
VF1 0 1 VF4 0 1 OD05 Blk 2tV
1tV
VF2 1
OEO4 1tVa (b)
&
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEO5 1tVb (c)

0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEO6 1tVc (a)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STAGE 1 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
>1 &
2V
0
VF3 0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF4 0 1 VF7 0 1 OD06 Blk 3tV
1tF
VF5 1
&
OEO7 2tVa (b)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEO8 2tVb (c)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEO9 2tVc (a)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
>1 &
3V
0
VF6 0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF7 0 1 VFA 0 1 OD07 Blk 4tV
3tV
VF8 1
OEOA 3tVa (b)
&
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEOB 3tVb (c)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEOC 3tVc (a)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
>1 &
4V
0
VF9 0 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VFA 0 1 VFD 0 1
4tV
VFB 1
&
OEOD 4tVa (b)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEOE 4tVb (c)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEOF 4tVc (a)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Va (b)< Vb (c)< Vc (a)<
UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING FOR V&F ELEMENTS
OD08 Blk 1tV

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE10 1tF
FF0 0 1
FF1 0 1
&
1tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1F OD09 Blk 2tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF2 0 1
FF3 0 1
&
2F ODOA Blk 3tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2tF
OE11 2tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE12 3tF
FF4 0 1
FF5 0 1
&
3tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3F ODOB Blk 4tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE13 4tF
FF6 0 1 ND0 0 1 ND1 0 1
FF7 0 1
&
4tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
4F OD01 Blk 1tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE01 1tVo
1V0 OD02 Blk 2tVo

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
&
1tVo
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STAGE 1 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT STAGE 2 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT
2Vo
&
OE02 2tVo
2tVo
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 4.
+
ND2 0 1 NS0 0 1 NS1 0 1 OD0E L Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Trip Circuit Breaker OD0F L Close 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Close Circuit Breaker OD03 Blk 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3V0 OD0C Blk 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1V2 OD0D Blk 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2V2
& 3tVo 2tV2 2tV2

OE03 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 3 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT STAGE 1 NEGATIVE SEQUENGE OVERVOLTAGE STAGE 2 NEGATIVE SEQUENGE OVERVOLTAGE
& &
OE14 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OE15 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 0 1
>1 >1
tTRIP tCLOSE
RESET SD9 0 1
OE16 CB Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE17 CB Close 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
V2 CI BI
NS2 0 1
>1
OD10 Ext Trip 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RLY3 LOG6 0 1 RLY7
>1
GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS LATCH RED TRIP LED LATCH FLAGS GENERATE FAULT RECORD & COPY TO EVENT RECORDS SD5 0 1 SD8 0 1
RESET TRIP FLAGS Recorder Stopped RESET DISTURBANCE RECORDER OE18 Aux1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD8 0 1
OD11 Aux1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Recorder Stopped
>1 >1 tAUX1

LOG3 1 0 LOG5 1 0
DISTURBANCE RECORDER RESET
OD12 Aux2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tAUX2
OE19 Aux2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUXILIARY TIMERS
OD13 Aux3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD14 Set Grp2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tAUX3
OE1A Aux3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SD4 0 1
SD3 0 1
Remote Reset Grp2 Remote Reset Grp1 OD15 CB Closed 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD16 CB Open 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OD17 Bus 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PLANT STATUS WORD
SET RESET
>1
CHANGE TO SETTING GROUP 2
SETTING GROUP CONTROL
Load Shed Level 1 Load Shed Level 2 Load Shed Level 3 CB (ops)>
OE1B Level 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1C Level 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1D Level 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE1E CB Alarm 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER ALARM LOAD SHEDDING PLANT STATUS
LOG7 0 1
SD ND1 ND2 LOG
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF1 VF2 FF1
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FF2 NS1
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NS2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 5.
FUNCTION LINK SETTINGS LINK NUMBER SD Fn. Links ND1 Fn. Links ND2 Fn. Links VF1 Fn Links VF2 Fn. Links FF1 Fn. Links FF2 Fn. Links NS1 Fn. Links NS2 Fn. Links LOG Fn. Links LOGIC SETTINGS TIMER TIMER TIMER TIMER tAUX1 tAUX2 tAUX 3 tTRIP TIMER tCLOSE CB Ops> Display F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYSTEM SETTINGS SYS SYS SYS SYS SYS SYS Password Description Plant Ref. Frequency Rly Address CB Control
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RECORDER SETTINGS REC Control REC Capture REC Post Trigger F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
REC Logic trig REC Relay trig
PROTECTION SETTINGS Neut. Disp 1 ND1 VT Ratio ND1 1Vo ND1 1VoChar ND1 1tVo ND1 1Vo(tms) ND1 2Vo ND1 2VoChar ND1 2tVo ND1 2Vo(tms) ND1 3Vo ND1 3VoChar ND1 3tVo ND1 3Vo(tms) SETTING UV/OV 1 UV/OV1 VT Ratio UV/OV1 1V UV/OV1 1VChar UV/OV1 1tV UV/OV1 1V(tms) UV/OV1 2V UV/OV1 2VChar UV/OV1 2tV UV/OV1 2V(tms) UV/OV1 3V UV/OV1 3VChar UV/OV1 3tV UV/OV1 3V(tms) UV/OV1 4V UV/OV1 4VChar UV/OV1 4tV UV/OV1 4V(tms) GROUP 1 UF/OF 1 UF/OF1 1F UF/OF1 1tF UF/OF1 2F UF/OF1 2tF UF/OF1 3F UF/OF1 3tF UF/OF1 4F UF/OF1 4tF Neg Seq 1 NS1 1V2 NS1 1V2Char NS1 1tV2 NS1 1V2(tms) NS1 2V2 NS1 2V2Char NS1 2tV2 NS1 2V2(tms) NS1 V2 CI BI Neut Disp 2 ND2 VT Ratio ND2 1Vo ND2 1VoChar ND2 1tVo ND2 1Vo(tms) ND2 2Vo ND2 2VoChar ND2 2tVo ND2 2Vo(tms) ND2 3Vo ND2 3VoChar ND2 3tVo ND2 3Vo(tms) SETTING UV/OV 2 UV/OV2 VT Ratio UV/OV2 1V UV/OV2 1VChar UV/OV2 1tV UV/OV2 1V(tms) UV/OV2 2V UV/OV2 2VChar UV/OV2 2tV UV/OV2 2V(tms) UV/OV2 3V UV/OV2 3VChar UV/OV2 3tV UV/OV2 3V(tms) UV/OV2 4V UV/OV2 4VChar UV/OV2 4tV UV/OV2 4V(tms) GROUP 2 UF/OF 2 UF/OF2 1F UF/OF2 1tF UF/OF2 2F UF/OF2 2tF UF/OF2 3F UF/OF2 3tF UF/OF2 4F UF/OF2 4tF Neg Seq 2 NS2 1V2 NS2 1V2Char NS2 1tV2 NS2 1V2(tms) NS2 2V2 NS2 2V2Char NS2 2tV2 NS2 2V2(tms) NS2 V2 CI BI
Figure 6.
Appendix 2 Connection Diagrams
1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. 2. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8.
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement) CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR RELAYS AS SUPPLIED Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement)
1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
A 13 14 3 5 N 30 32 Note 2 a 19 38 Va/Vab 40 42 Vo 22 KVFG 122 1 L0 L1 L2 Logic input common (1) 52 50 48 46 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage 44 RL3 RL2 20 21 Note 3 b c 36 RL1 34 RL0 n Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4
B A B C AC/DC supply Vx
Section 1.
C B Phase rotation
dn
Case earth
29
30
da
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Note 2 K-Bus communications port
SCN
Module terminal blocks viewed from rear (with integral case earth strap)
Notes:
(a)
CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect.
(b)
Short terminals break before (c).
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Pin terminal (pcb type).
Earth connections are typical only.
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING
Residual voltage measurement requires a 5 limb VT or 3 single phase VTs.
Figure 1.
Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement
A 13 14 3 5 N n 34 17 36 38 40 42 44 KVFG 142 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 1 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 53 55 Logic input common (2) 7 8 +48V field voltage RL7 RL6 RL5 RL4 RL3 RL2 18 19 20 21 Note 3 L0 L1 L2 Logic input common (1) L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 51 49 47 45 52 50 48 22 46 RL1 a b c 32 RL0 30 Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4
A A B C
B AC/DC supply Vx
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
29
30
Note 2
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
SCN
Note 2
Notes:
(a)
K-Bus communications port
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 2.
Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage.
A G B A 5 N 30 32 Note 2 34 17 36 38 40 42 44 KVFG 142 Vo L0 L1 L2 Logic input common (1) L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 Logic input common (2) 51 53 55 49 47 45 52 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage 50 48 22 46 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 1 RL7 RL6 RL5 RL4 RL3 RL2 18 19 20 21 RL1 RL0 n ZG a b c Relay failed B C C 14 3 AC/DC supply Vx 6 Relay healthy 13 4
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
Earthing Tx
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
SCN
Note 2
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 3.
Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement.
A 13 14 3 5 N n 34 36 19 38 Vab 40 42 Vbc 22 KVFG 122 1 46 48 50 52 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage K-Bus communications port 44 RL3 RL2 20 21 RL1 Note 2 a b c 32 RL0 30 Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4 AC/DC supply Vx
B A B C
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
L0 L1 L2 Logic input common (1)
Note 2
53
54
55
56
SCN
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 4.
Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement)
A B 13 14 3 5 N 30 32 Note 2 a 19 38 Va/Vab 40 42 Vo 22 KVFG 122 1 External trip L0 Change setting group L1 Block UV [Blk 1tV] L2 Logic input common (1) 52 50 48 46 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage 44 Trip [1 tVa(b)/3 tVa(b)/1 tVa] NVD Indication [1 tVa] 20 21 Note 3 b c 36 34 OV Indication [3 tVa(b)] UV Indication [1 tVa(b)] n Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4 C A B C AC/DC supply Vx
Section 2.
C B Phase rotation
dn
Case earth
29
30
da
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Note 2 K-Bus communications port
SCN
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR RELAYS AS SUPPLIED
Figure 5.
Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement
A 13 14 3 5 N n 34 17 36 38 40 42 44 KVFG 142 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 1 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 53 55 Logic input common (2) 8 +48V field voltage Control CB Trip Control CB Close OF Indication [3tF] 29 UF Indication [1tF] NV Indication [1tVa] 18 19 20 21 Note 3 Block NVD [Blk 1tVo] L0 Block UV/UF [Blk 1tV/Blk 1tF] L1 Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L2 Logic input common (1) Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L3 CB Closed Indication L4 External Trip L5 CB Closed Indication L6 CB Open Indication L7 51 49 47 45 52 50 48 22 46 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)] a b c 32 30 UV Indication [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)] Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4
A A B C
B AC/DC supply Vx
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
29
30
Note 2
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)/3tVa(b/ 3tVb(c)/3tVc(a] [1tVo/1tF/3tF]
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
SCN
Note 2
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 6.
Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage.
A B A 5 N 30 32 Note 2 34 17 36 38 40 42 44 KVFG 142 Vo Block NVD [Blk 1tVo] L0 Block UV/UF [Blk 1tV/Blk 1tF] L1 Block OV/OF [Blk 3tV/Blk 3tF] L2 Logic input common (1) Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L3 Change Setting Group L4 External Trip L5 CB Closed Indication L6 CB Open Indication L7 Logic input common (2) 51 53 55 49 47 45 52 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage 50 48 22 46 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 1 Control CB Trip Control CB Close OF Indication [3tF] UF Indication [1tF] NV Indication [1tVa] 18 19 20 21 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)] UV Indication [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)] n a b c Relay failed B C C 14 3 AC/DC supply Vx 6 Relay healthy 13 4
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
Earthing Tx
ZG
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)/3tVa(b/ 3tVb(c)/3tVc(a] [1tVo/1tF/3tF]
39
40
13
14
41
42
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
SCN
Note 2
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 7.
Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement.
A 13 14 3 5 N n 34 36 19 38 Vab 40 42 Vbc 22 KVFG 122 1 46 48 50 52 Case earth connection 54 56 SCN 7 8 +48V field voltage K-Bus communications port 44 CB Alarm 20 21 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)] a b c 32 30 UV Indication [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)] Relay failed 6 Relay healthy 4 AC/DC supply Vx
B A B C
C B Phase rotation
Case earth
29
30
31
32
Note 2
33
34
35
36
10
37
38
39
40
13
14
41
42
Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a) 3tVb(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)]
43
44
17
18
45
46
19
20
47
21
48
22
49
50
51
52
External Trip L0 Change Setting Group L1 Block UV [Blk 1tV] L2 Logic input common (1)
Note 2
53
54
55
56
SCN
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Long terminal
(d)
Figure 8.
Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement)
Appendix 3 Commissioning Test Record
1. 2.
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD SETTING RECORD
1 5
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD KVFG 122, 142
Section 1.
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Date Station Circuit System Frequency
Front plate information Multifunctional voltage and frequency relay type Model number Serial number Rated Current In Auxiliary Voltage Vx Polarising Voltage Vn *Delete as appropriate 1 Introduction Have all relevant safety instructions been followed? Have the handling instructions been followed? 4 4.1 4.1.1 Product verification tests With the relay de-energised Visual inspection Module or case damaged? Model numbers on case and front plate match? Serial numbers on case and front plate match? Rating information correct? Case earth installed? 4.1.2 Insulation resistance tested during commissioning? If No, has insulation resistance been tested 4.1.3 External wiring Wiring checked against diagram (if available)? Test block connections checked? Yes/No* Yes/No/na* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No*/Not required* Yes/No* Yes/No* KVFG 1__2
4.1.4
Watchdog contacts With auxiliary supply on Terminals 3 and 5 Terminals 4 and 6 Open/Closed* Open/Closed*
4.2.2
Light emitting diodes Relay healthy (green) LED working? Alarm (yellow) LED working? Trip (red) LED working? Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No*
4.2.3
Liquid crystal display All pixels working? Backlight switches on when key pressed? Backlight switches off automatically Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* ______V dc
4.2.4 4.2.5
Field supply voltage Input opto-isolators Input L0 working? Input L1 working? Input L2 working? Input L3 working? Input L4 working? Input L5 working? Input L6 working? Input L7 working? (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only)
Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na*
4.2.6
Output relays Output RL0 working? Output RL1 working? Output RL2 working? Output RL3 working? Output RL4 working? Output RL5 working? Output RL6 working? Output RL7 working? (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) (KVFG 142 only) Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na*
4.2.7
K-Bus communications working?
4.2.8
Voltage inputs VT ratio (phase voltages) VT ratio (residual voltages) Input VT Applied value ___________V ___________V ___________V ___________V 10:1V 10:1V/na* Relay value ___________V ___________V ___________V ___________V
Va Vb Vc Vo
5 5.1 Setting verification tests Customers settings applied?
Yes/No* ____________________ Yes/No* Yes/No* UV/OV* _________V _________s _________s
If settings applied using a portable computer and software, which software and version was used? 5.2 5.3 Settings on relay verified? Under/overvoltage function stage 1 tested? Protection function selected? Applied voltage Expected operating time Actual operating time 6 Wiring verification test Temporary connections removed? Disturbed wiring checked? On-load test performed? VT ratio (UV/OV function) VT secondary voltages: A N/A B* B N/B C* C N/C A* Residual Phase rotation correct Measured value ________V ________V ________V ________V
Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No* ________/1V Relay value ________V ________V ________V ________V Yes/No*
Final checks Temporary connections removed? Disturbed wiring checked? MMLG 01 cover replaced? KVFG cover replaced Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No/na* Yes/No*
Commissioning Engineer Date
Customer Witness Date
Section 2.
Date Station Circuit
SETTING RECORD
Engineer Date System Frequency
Front plate information Multifunctional voltage and frequency relay type Model number Serial number Auxiliary Voltage Vx Polarising Voltage Vn KVFG 1__2
0000 SYSTEM DATA 0002 Password 0003 SD Links 0004 Description 0005 Plant 0006 Model 0008 Serial No. 0009 Frequency 000A Comms Level 000B Rly Address 0011 Software
D C
0400 NEUT DISP 1 0401 ND Links 0402 VT Ratio 0403 1Vo 0404 1VoChar 0405 1tVo 0406 1Vo(tms) 0407 2Vo 0408 2VoChar 0409 2tVo 040A 2Vo(tms) 040B 3Vo 040C 3VoChar 040D 3tVo 040E 3Vo(tms)
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
0500 UV/OV 1 0501 VF Links 0502 VT Ratio 0503 1V 0504 1V Char 0505 1tV 0506 1V (tms) 0507 2V 0508 2V Char 0509 2tV 050A 2V (tms) 050B 3V 050C 3V Char 050D 3tV 050E 3V (tms) 050F 4V 0510 4V Char 0511 4tV 0512 4V (tms)
F 0
E 0
D C
0600 UF/OF 1 0601 FF Links 0603 1F 0604 1tF 0605 2F 0606 2tF 0607 3F 0608 3tF 0609 4F 060A 4tF
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
0700 NEG SEQ 1 0701 NS Links 0702 1V2 0703 1V2Char 0704 1tV2 0705 1V2(tms) 0706 2V2 0707 2V2Char 0708 2tV2 0709 2V2(tms) 070A V2 Cl Bl
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
0800 NEUT DISP 2 0801 ND Links 0802 VT Ratio 0803 1Vo 0804 1VoChar 0805 1tVo 0806 1Vo(tms) 0807 2Vo 0808 2VoChar 0809 2tVo 080A 2Vo(tms) 080B 3Vo 080C 3VoChar 080D 3tVo 080E 3Vo(tms)
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
0900 UV/OV 2 0901 VF Links 0902 VT Ratio 0903 1V 0904 1V Char 0905 1tV 0906 1V (tms) 0907 2V 0908 2V Char 0909 2tV 090A 2V (tms) 090B 3V 090C 3V Char 090D 3tV 090E 3V (tms) 090F 4V 0910 4V Char 0911 4tV 0912 4V (tms)
F 0
E 0
D C
0A00 UF/OF 2 0A01 FF Links 0A03 1F 0A04 1tF 0A05 2F 0A06 2tF 0A07 3F 0A08 3tF 0A09 4F 0A0A 4tF
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
0B00 NEG SEQ 2 0B01 NS Links 0B02 1V2 0B03 1V2Char 0B04 1tV2 0B05 1V2(tms) 0B06 2V2 0B07 2V2Char 0B08 2tV2 0B09 2V2(tms) 0B0A V2 Cl Bl
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
0C00 LOGIC 0C01 LOG Links 0C02 tAUX1 0C03 tAUX2 0C04 tAUX3 0C05 tTRIP 0C06 tCLOSE 0C07 CB Ops> 0C0F Display
F 0
E 0
D C 0 0
B 0
A 0
9 0
8 0
4 0
2 0
1 0
0 0
0D00 INPUT MASKS 0D01 Blk 1tVo 0D02 Blk 2tVo 0D03 Blk 3tVo 0D04 Blk 1tV 0D05 Blk 2tV 0D06 Blk 3tV 0D07 Blk 4tV 0D08 Blk 1tF 0D09 Blk 2tF 0D0A Blk 3tF 0D0B Blk 4tF 0D0C Blk 1tV2 0D0D Blk 2tV2 0D0E L Trip 0D0F L Close 0D10 Ext Trip 0D11 Aux 1 0D12 Aux 2 0D13 Aux 3 0D14 Set Grp 2 0D15 CB Closed 0D16 CB Open 0D17 Bus2
F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E00 RELAY MASKS 0E01 1tVo 0E02 2tVo 0E03 3tVo 0E04 1tVa(-b) 0E05 1tVb(-c) 0E06 1tVc(-a) 0E07 2tVa(-b) 0E08 2tVb(-c) 0E09 2tVc(-a) 0E0A 3tVa(-b) 0E0B 3tVb(-c) 0E0C 3tVc(-a) 0E0D 4tVa(-b) 0E0E 4tVb(-c) 0E0F 4tVc(-a)
F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E10 1tF 0E11 2tF 0E12 3tF 0E13 4tF 0E14 1tV2 0E15 2tV2 0E16 CB Trip 0E17 CB Close 0E18 Aux1 0E19 Aux2 0E1A Aux3 0E1B Level 1 0E1C Level 2 0E1D Level 3 0E1E CB Alarm
0F00 RECORDER 0F01 Control 0F02 Capture 0F03 Post Trigger 0F04 Logic Trig 0F05 Relay Trig
D C
Appendix 4
Figure 1. Figure 2.
Underfrequency instantaneous operating times Overfrequency instantaneous operating times
1 2
Under frequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)
1000
900 Maximum Minimum
800
700
600
Operating time (ms)
500
400
300
200
100
0 55 54 53 52 Applied frequency (Hz) 51 50 49 48 47 46
58
57
56
Figure 1.
Underfrequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)
Over frequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)
1000
900 Maximum Minimum
800
700
600
Operating time (ms)
500
400
300
200
100
0 56 57 58 59 Applied frequency (Hz) 60 61 62 63 64 65
52
53
54
55
Figure 2.
Overfrequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 52Hz)
A L S T O M T & D P r o t e c t i o n & C o n t r o l L t d St Leonards Works, Stafford, ST17 4LX England Tel: 44 (0) 1785 223251 Fax: 44 (0) 1785 212232 Email: enquiries@pcs.alstom.co.uk Internet: www.alstom.com
1999 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment which may vary from that described.
Publication R8559B
Printed in England.

R8559B KVFG

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Service Manual Types KVFG 122, 142 Voltage and Frequency Relays

HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

Caution: refer to product documentation

Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective/safety *earth terminal

Installing, Commissioning and Servicing

Decommissioning and Disposal

EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 EN 60950: 1992/A11: 1997

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 1 Contents

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 1 Page 1 of 3

USING THE MANUAL

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 1 Page 2 of 3

AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS

MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 1 Page 3 of 3

Section 5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES

KVFG 122 SDA = 0 SDA = 1 q1 q1 q q1 q1

indicates that a function is always available.

Chapter 2 Handling and Installation

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 2 Contents

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 2 Page 1 of 3

HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 2 Page 2 of 3

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 2 Page 3 of 3

Chapter 3 Relay Description

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Contents

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Contents

5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 1 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 2 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 3 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 4 of 30

SETTING GROUP FAULT No

Flag display format

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 5 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 6 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 7 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 8 of 30

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 9 of 30

0209 Vb 020A Vc 020B Vo 020C F

READ READ READ READ

SERVICE MANUAL KVFG 122, 142

R8559B Chapter 3 Page 10 of 30