BHLS Bus with High Level of Service

BRENDAN FINN

ETTS LTD, IRELAND

Spectrum of Bus-Based Transit

High performance, high capacity BRT Major infastructure, rapid service, intensive services Up to 1 million passengers/day Bogota, Guangzhou, Istanbul, High-performance, moderate capacity BRT Major infastructure, rapid service, strong service Range 100-250,000 passengers/day Brisbane, Ottowa, Beijing, Mexico City, Bus with High Level of Service (BHLS) Moderate/little infrastructure, focus on reliability and quality Range 25,000-65,000 passengers/day Amsterdam, Gothenburg, Paris,

Presentation overview
Part 1: What is BHLS? Why Europe has BHLS rather than BRT Extent and technical characteristics Images of BHLS systems Nantes, Amsterdam, Cambridge Part 2: ITS Practice in European BHLS Main ITS systems used in European BHLS Images: AVM, Traveler Information, TSP, Fare Collection, Part 3: Institutional aspects of BRT Mandates, frameworks and financing Role of the private sector Examples

Information source: COST TU603

EU-supported action (2007-2011) Networking, information exchange (no money for work!) Focus on BHLS state-of-the-practice Participants from 14 European Countries, 25 systems visited Four working groups Infrastructure Vehicles Operations (including ITS) Social, Economic Conditions and Networking Final report (plus CD-ROM) in late-2011

Info at www.bhls.eu (soon also on UITP website)

Part 1: What is BHLS?

What is BHLS?
BHLS? Derives from French term BHNS, maybe later another name Generic term for a wide range of quality bus systems

Is it BRT? Not exactly, a different product in the spectrum of bus priority Focus more on reliability/quality than on speed/capacity
Holistic approach Improved operating environment reliability, better speed Higher quality vehicles with better comfort and image Improved passenger facilities stops, terminals, ... Branding, marketing, repositioning the product

BHLS role in Europe

European Context is different: Mass transit is often already well provided by metro and tram Bus is rarely assigned the mass transit role Constraints of space, roadwidth and alignment in city centres European cities have a different focus: Restore reliability and operational effectiveness to bus Enhance image of bus, reposition the product High focus on quality of vehicles and stopping places In France, focus on urbanism improve host environment Strategic motivations for BHLS Mostly to upgrade quality and ridership of existing bus lines Sometimes alternative to tram/LRT, especially if finances tight

BHLS in Europe
Country Cities with BHLS

England

Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds

France
Germany

Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse

Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen

Ireland
Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden

Dublin
Brescia*, Pisa, Prato Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht Barcelona*, Castelln, Madrid Gothenburg, Jnkping, Lund, Stockholm

European BHLS Key Characteristics

CITY Amsterdam Dublin Gothenburg Hamburg Helsinki Madrid Nantes Paris Prato Stockholm SYSTEM IDENTITY Zuid-Tangent Quality Bus Corridor TrunkBus MetroBus Jokeri Line Bus-VAO BusWay TVM LAM Blue Line SYSTEM LENGTH (KM)/ (DEDICATED 41 (33) 12 (8.4) 16.5 (7.5) 14.8 (4.0) 28 (6) 16.1 (16.1) 7 (6) 20 (19) 42 (15) 40 (12) NATURE OF RUNNING WAY Bus-only road, bus lanes Bus-lanes Bus-lanes Bus-lanes Bus-lanes (orbital route) Tidal segregated lanes Bus-lanes Bus-only road (suburban/orbital) Bus-lanes Bus-lanes PASSENGERS
PER DAY

PEAK HEADWAY (MINUTES) 6 < 1.54 3.3 3.5 5 < 14 3.3 3.5 7 5

DEDICATED FLEET? Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

40,000 34,000 24,000 60,000 25,000 33,0005 24,600 65,800 n/a 36,5756

Technical Performance of BHLS

Peak and daily ridership are comparable to many tram

systems, rarely operating at full system capacity

1,000 2,500+ pphpd 23,700 65,000 px/day

Commercial speed and frequency are good 16 35 kph (10-22 mph) 12-40 vehicles/hour equal to or exceed that of European street tramways
Seating ratio at peak is medium to high

34-84%

Investment cost of facility is low and quite affordable

$3-16.5 million/km

European BHLS : Ridership gains

CITY SYSTEM IDENTITY BHLS RIDERSHIP CHANGE2 +47% +125% +73% +20% +100% +70-100% +55% +134%. +57% +27% CHANGE IN OPERATING SPEED4 Significant Major Moderate Minor Significant +80-100% Moderate Significant +5% 0 PEAK-PERIOD NETWORK MAJOR TARIFF HEADWAY RESTRUCTURING RESTRUCTURING REDUCTION IN THE AS PART OF CORRIDOR? BHLS? Yes Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Yes 5 3.5 15 7 Yes Significant Minor Significant Minor No Minor Significant Significant Major No No No No No No No No No No No UNIQUE IDENTITY FOR BHLS
SERVICES

Amsterdam Dublin Gothenburg Hamburg Helsinki Madrid Nantes Paris Prato Stockholm

ZuidTangent Quality Bus Corridor TrunkBus MetroBus Jokeri Line Bus-VAO BusWay TVM LAM Blue Line

Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Case Study 1 : Nantes, France

Opted for Busway rather than

additional LRT

Started 2006, 7km, 15 stations Designed to tram-style specification 4 min frequency, 20 km/hr 25,000 px.day

Key design features: 4 parknride facilities Articulated buses, CNG Priority at traffic signals High quality design in city centre High-specification vehicle

Like BRT in style, not in volume

BRT Running Way - Nantes

Nantes Station and Running Way

Nantes city centre stops

Nantes - vehicles

Nantes - Vehicles

Nantes high quality bus interior

Nantes Precision docking

Nantes Easy access

Nantes parknride

Case Study 2 : Zuidtangent, Netherlands

Priority channel for buses Dedicated lanes between Haarlem and Schiphol, then bus priority 24 km, 1.8 km in tunnel, 35 km/hr Intervals 6-8 minutes, 24/7 40,000 passengers daily Use normal buses, normal contracts

Additional features: Integration with rail at many places Efficient stop dwell times Euro 5 emissions, standard models Unique design elements, identity

BRT running way - Amsterdam

Running way - Amsterdam

Station - Amsterdam

Precision docking Amsterdam

BRT Vehicle Amsterdam

BHLS - Bicycle facilities

BikenRide Extensive bike parking Amsterdam, Almere Bike on bus is rare

O. HEDDEBAUT

Case Study 3 : Cambridge, UK

Guided Busway Operates on disused railway line Links hinterland towns to city Suburban bus routes Privately operated services, no subsidy Quality conditions Key features Two guided bus tracks, 16 miles Operating speed 50 mph (80 kph) 3 ParknRide sites Track access charges

Cambridge : Busway

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

Cambridge : Busway track

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

Cambridge : Vehicle

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

Cambridge : Guide wheel for Busway

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

Cambridge : ParknRide

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

BHLS - Customer comfort - Cambridge

WiFi on bus Socket for PC, phone Leather seats CCTV for security
O. HEDDEBAUT

O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT

Madrid : Bus/VAO tidal lane

Amsterdam: Hard shoulder reserved for bus

Hamburg: Line 5 in reserved lane

Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AG

Lorient priority lane in central area

Almere : Chicane at station approach

Oberhausen: Bus and tram on common lane

Hamburg: XXL bus

Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AG

Part 2: ITS practice in European BHLS

ITS practice in European BHLS

ITS is used extensively in European BHLS ITS is standard for urban bus operations in Europe anyway Many cities/operators have long experience of ITS Tend towards integrated approach, attention to architecture
Used for a wide variety of functions AVM, dispatching, operations management, incidents, Traffic signal priority, traffic management, Traveller information, web, mobile, at-stop, in-vehicle, Fare collection, conventional, EMV, mobile, NFC, Security, CCTV, incident response, enforcement Resource planning, optimisation, management, . Service/quality monitoring, contract mgt., payments, ...

Hamburg AVM Control Centre

Hamburg AVM work station

Zurich AVM Control Centre

Lisbon AVM Control Centre

Rouen, France optical guidance system

Castellon, Spain Optical Guidance system

BHLS - Real-time information at stops

O. HEDDEBAUT

O. HEDDEBAUT

Hamburg RTPI at bus stop

Amstelveen, NL RTPI at bus station

Source : David van der Spek, Stadsregio Amsterdam

Enschede, NL RTPI at bus station

BHLS - Real-time information in-vehicle

Next stop Transfer routes, times Announcements

O. HEDDEBAUT

O. HEDDEBAUT

Paris TVM Passenger Information

Real time passengers information on display at bus stop

Source : RATP

Paris TVM Ticket Vending Machine

Ticketing Vending Machine : to buy ticket (magnetic technology) to reload your pass (contactless tecnhology)

Source : RATP

Paris TVM ticket vending machine

Paris ticket vending machine

Ticket vending machine at bus stop
Reloading pass (contactless) Means of payment bank card or coins

Slot for the ticket(magnetic ticket) and receipt Source : RATP

Stockholm ETM and SCV at entry

Zurich traffic signal

Nantes traffic signal priority

Paris TVM Traffic Signal Priority

Priority announcement helping driver to adapt the speed of the bus at cross road
Effective taking into account when it is flashing

Announcing a change of phase when it is flashings

Bus running and car stopped

Source : RATP

Cambridge in-vehicle WiFi

Cambridge personal security

Part 3: Institutional frameworks for BRT

What does the BRT involve?

Design and Implement the physical system Running way, stations, terminals, depots, traffic management Vehicles, ITS systems, fare collection system Establish the capacity to run a BRT system Responsible entity, day-to-day manager Service design, business model, permits, serivce procurement BRT Transport services BRT routes, feeder routes BRT Support service Fare collection, passenger information, marketing, security Station management, Operations Management, Enforcement

Ahmedabad: Janmarg BRT

Source : Prof. S, Swamy, CEPT University

Ahmedabad: Institutional Features

Institutional structure: Gujarat State: mandate for urban planning and development Ahmedabad City (AMC) leads urban and transportation BRT Infrastructure financned by Government (City 15%)
Special Purpose Vehicle (AJL) established for BRT Main stakeholders are Board Members of AJL AJL is the BRT System Manager

Business model Lean organisation with outsourcing Services contracted to private sector; ITS done as PPP Close to financial viability

Jakarta: Transjakarta BRT

Source : Transjakarta

Jakarta: Institutional Features

Institutional structure: Jakarta Provincial Govt: primary mandate for urban planning, development and transportation Transport Agency responsible for passenger transportation BRT Infrastructure and subsidy financed by Jakarta Govt.
Public sector entity (TransJakarta) runs the BRT In of transformation to publicly-owned owned corporate entity Transjakarta is the BRT System Manager Covers about 60% of system costs, transformation planned Services contracted to private sector Bus services: 7-year contracts, paid per veh-km Buses: Some routes provided by operator, some by Govt.

Lagos: BRT Lite

Source : Dayo Mobereola, LAMATA

Lagos: Institutional Features

Institutional Structure Lagos State Govt: Urban planning, devt. and transportation LAMATA is the Transport Authority for Lagos BRT Infrastructure financed by Lagos State Government
LAMATA is the BRT System Manager LAMATA manages the stations, operator manage operations Bus operations profitable, repaid vehicles in 18 months LAMATA absorbs system-level costs, no track charges, operators have captured the surplus Bus operator has non-contractual agreement Buses provided and financed by operators Fare collection under supervision of bank (tied to bus loans)

Pereira: Megabus BRT

Source : Sam Zimmerman, World Bank

Pereira: Institutional Features

Institutional structure: Municipality: Urban planning, development and transport Three municipalities formed a Metropolitan Area (AMCO) AMCO plans, regulates UPT, lead agent for BRT Infrastructure financed by Govt. (national 70%, cities, 30%)
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) established for BRT Megabus S.A., owned by the Municipalities, lean organisation Megabus (SPV) is the BRT System Manager Financially self-sustaining, covers all system costs Services contracted to private sector Bus services: Two 15-year contracts, operator provides buses Fare collection and ITS: One 15-year PPP

BRT in Johannesburg

Johannesburg: Institutional Features

Institutional structure: City of Johannesburg: Urban planning and development National MOT: Primary mandate for passenger transport Joburg Roads Agency (JRA) is the implementing agency Infrastructure financed by Government (National, city) Rea Vaya Business Unit is the BRT System Manager Core functions/competences retained in Business Unit Bus operations and maintenance contracted to bus compay formed from the dispaced minibus-taxi operators Ticketing and station services contracted to private sector Rea Vaya requires ongoing financial support, long-term

Overview of initial findings

Review of international experience: Ahmedabad, Bogota, Cambridge, Curitiba, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Lagos, Pereira, Santiago de Chile, Seoul, Key points: BRT always seen as a City system City is always a core stakeholder in the BRT system entity Public sector is the prime financer of infrastructure Dedicated identity and unit for the BRT management Financial viability of the BRT system varies Private sector is a major provider of transportation, customerfacing and support services Minimal use of PPP - exceptions for ITS, fare collection

Information resources for BRT, BHLS

ITDP www.itdp.org

BRT Planning Guidelines (2007, v.4 in 2012) Review of US BRT, case studies Case study materials, usage guidance, evaluation Final report available 11/2011 (at POLIS Annual Conference)

EMBARQ www.embarq.org

COST Action on BHLS - www.bhls.eu

US National BRT Institute www.nbrti.org

SUTP www.sutp.org Volvo Centre of Excellence, Santiago www.brt.cl US TRB/TCRP - www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx World Bank, APTA, UITP, Thredbo 12 (conference) www.thredbo-conference-series.org

Contact details

Brendan Finn
etts@indigo.ie

BRT Framework: Detailed level

Governance Infrastructure Owner
Federal/national City/metropolitan Private? BRT Expert

BRT System Owner

Govt. stakeholders City stakeholders Experts Private sector

City Services

Regulator Permits

BRT System Operator

BRT Customer Services
Passenger Information Marketing & Promotions

-Traffic Management -Traffic signals -Enforcement -

BRT Transport Operations

Operations Management Station Management

BRT Support Services

Station Maintenance Running Way Maintenance

BRT Routes Feeder Routes

Ticketing Customer Support

Security

Cleaning