Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2012
Group: 08
Supervisors: Lt Col Nasiruddin Lec Fuad Yasin Huda
Group members: Major Mohammad Zahidul Karim Student ID: 201011010 Major Mohammad Arifuzzaman Student ID: 201011011 Mahmud Ahmed Student ID: 201011037 Nabeela Nusrat Nasim Student ID: 201011038 Noman Sabid Student ID: 201011050
PREFACE
The Civil Engineering Students Internship Programme (CESIP) was arranged by MIST to give us an opportunity to gain practical knowledge of a construction project. The main goals of CESIP was to develop practical working skill and compare the field work with theoretical knowledge, that we have learned and deviation of practical from theoretical specification. This purpose of this report is to delineate the overall knowledge earned by us during the attachment with ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES Ltd. from 2nd December to 27th December. In our internship programme we visited 6 projects. This report will include the field experience which we have gathered in the last 28 days as well as the relevant construction works.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises and profound gratitude to the Almighty Allah who is the most beneficent and the most merciful for allowing great opportunity and ability to bring this effort to fruition safely and peacefully. I would like to express my deepest gratitude, sincere appreciation and indebtedness to the Chief supervisor Col ASM Mahmood Hasan,psc , Supervisor Lt.Col. Nasiruddin , Lec Fuad Yasin Huda and Course Coordinator Maj M R K Sanaur Rahman Rashidi of Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka for their kind supervision, constant encouragement, valuable guidance, generous help and invaluable suggestions during the course of the internship. Also I would like to acknowledge the help and sincerity of all the staffs in the office and site, especially Engr SM Anwar Hossain(Chairman) , Mr. Khalequzzaman Khan(General Manager) , SM Akram Hossain (Executive Director), Engr Omar Faruque Ahmed (Executive Director - technical), Major(retd) Md. Alamgir Siddiquee (Chief Engr of Construction) ,Shabana Ashraf Khan ( Chief Architect) , Engr. Munir Ahmed, Engr(Director RMC) Md. Shamsur Rahman(Asst Chief engr of RMC) , Engr Robin Mollick (Sr. Site Engr),Engr S.M Musa, Engr Md. Golam Samdani, Engr. Sharif(Asst Chief Engr) , Engr. Zia , Engr. Shamol , Engr. Rezaul Karim. The overall environment of learning was very friendly and adoptive. We sincerely express all my gratitude to ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT & TECHNOLOGIES Ltd to let us have this great opportunity of internship.
OBJECTIVES OF CESIP
1. To orient students with the practical civil engineering works. 2. To allow students to apply their theoretical knowledge into practical fields. 3. To allow the students gathering practical experiences. To allow the students understand planning, design, drawing of construction project works, concern companies legal matters of office work as well as site management
INTRODUCTION
Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to benefit man. New design philosophy, concepts, theories and applications in Civil Engineering are brought to limelight by researchers. Civil Engineering concerns the design, manufacture, maintenance and management of infrastructure such as roads, bridges and buildings. It is about the creation, improvement and protection of a sustainable physical and natural built environment. It is a great art on which a civilized society depends. And to give general knowledge about practical works those we, the students learned and still learning, internship programme is very important. It makes a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical consideration, difficulties obtained during work, having knowledge about legal agreements between the clients and the organization that are directly in contact with the construction activities. CESIP (Civil Engineering Students Internship Programme) an initiative taken by MIST to provide career oriented applied education and bridge the gap between theory and practice, and provide us with practical, field-based, real-world experiences.
AIM
1. To know how to apply the engineering knowledge in construction sites taught in the class rooms. 2. To gain engineering experience and knowledge which is required
in practical engineering life, where these are not taught in the lecture rooms. 3. To point out the difference between theoretical and practical
approach and the reason behind it. 4. To understand the planning, design, drawing and execution of
any civil engineering project. 5. 6. To get a feel of the work environment. Know about engineers responsibilities and ethics.
7. 8.
To gain knowledge of office management & site management. To face different problems in practical works and learn to
overcome them. 9. To know the mode of conduct with client, labors & others as an
engineer.
ATTACHED WITH
Advanced development technologies Ltd (ADTL) Chairman: Engineer SM Anwar Hossain Co-ordinator: Mr. Khalequzzaman Khan, GM, Corporate Affairs
locations of the city 3. The overseas Corporate & Liaison Office in Bangladesh of building of Advanced
Bangladesh-British Chamber of Commerce (BBCC)-UK was established in 2001 at the Corporate Head Office Development Technologies at Dhaka 4. Advanced is now known as Chamber's Regional Head quarter in
Bangladesh 5. Chairman has been appointed the First ever Regional President
Bangladesh (REHAB).
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Completed Projects Gulshan: The Reeve Plot: 11, road: 33, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212. Apartment size: 1870-2200 sft. Palma vista Plot: 01, road: 95, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212. Apartment size: 2000-3270 sft. Salton Myers Plot: 02, road: 34, Gulshan, Dhaka-1213. Apartment size: 3050 sft. Park Avilya Plot: 07, road: 86, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212. Apartment size: 1600-2110 sft.
Banani: Le Mont Plot: 30, road: 16, Banani , Dhaka-1213. Apartment size: 1600-2000 sft. Suns Pree Plot: 06, Kamal Attaturk Avenue, Banani , Dhaka-1213 Commercial complex
Baridhara: Elizabeth House Plot: 23, road: 06, Baridhara , Dhaka. Apartment size: 2350 sft.
Uttara: Celosia
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Plot: 12, road: 04, sector-3, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230. Apartment size: 1525-1535 sft. Park Fiona Plot: 12, road: 03, sector-7, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230. Apartment size: 1335 sft. Angelica Plot: 82, sector-11, Sonargaon janapath,Uttara Model Town , Dhaka1230. Apartment size: 1330 sft Montieliier Plot: 03, road: 14/c, sector-4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230. Apartment size: 1250-1550 sft.
Mirpur: Silverweed Plot: 19, road: 02, section-12, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka. Apartment size: 1000-1050 sft.
Midtown: Baily Ritz 1, New Baily Road, Dhaka. Apartment size: 910-2070 sft Baily Fiesta 1/2, New Baily Road, Dhaka. Apartment size: 1190-2250 sft Shop size: 83-494 sft Baily Ballerina 144, New Baily Road, Dhaka. Lauren Vista 169, Elephant Road, Dhaka. Apartment size: 1165-1790 sft Shop size: 95-390 sft Roslyn Vista 109, Siddique Bazar, Dhaka. Apartment size: 1000-1440 sft Shop size: 63-192 sft Gloriana Plot-16, Purana paltana,Dhaka.
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Police town is divided into three groups 1. Police town (consisting of six 11-storied building) 2. Block-a (consisting of five 11-storied building ) 3. Block-b (consisting of seventeen 8-11-storied building)
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Eskaton Fantasia
Location: New Eskaton road
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Advanced Melinda
Location: Malibagh Up to 2nd floor the building will be used for commercial purpose. Rests of the floors are constructed as apartments.
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Baridhara Crown
Location: J Block Baridhara There are three multistoried residential building. For pilling pre-cast piles are used.
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ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
Construction Management Construction management or construction project management (CPM) is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from inception to completion aimed at meeting a clients requirements in order to produce a functionally and financially viable project. Functions The functions of construction project management typically include the following: 1. Specifying project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project participants. 2. 3. Maximizing resource efficiency through procurement of labor, Implementing various operations through proper coordination materials and equipment. and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process. 4. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts
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Project Implementation
Chairman Executive Director AGM/Chief Engineer Project Manager Project In charge Site Engineer/ Store Assistant Contractor Forman Labour
Approach To A Project
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Land Preliminary Analysis of Project Design Manpower and Equipment Construction Legal Aspects
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Design: Architectural
1. 2. 3. 4. To maximize & properly utilize the proposed site area Depends on companys policy & choice Aesthetic view is the vital part Architect visits the site also to ensure proper design
Design: Structural
1. 2. Structural design are done based on architectural drawing & The layouts & dimensions are kept as per the architectural
other input (Soil test) drawing unless serious structural change is needed
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Legal Aspects
Permission from 11 agencies must be obtained before commencing any project. Agencies are as follow: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Civil aviation DESA/DESCO WASA Titas Gas City Corporation Ward Commissioner Fire Service and Civil Defence Dhaka Transport Coordination Board Traffic Police RAJUK Environment Department
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Fig: Stacking of Brick 2. 3. 4. Transport facility Worker accommodation Ensuring utility service: a. Electricity b. Water supply c. Gas 5.
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laboratory for necessary tests. The following tests were performed: a) Grain size analysis b) Moisture content c) Specific Gravity d) Atterberg Limit e) Density f) Unconfined Compression 2. For Police Town: Soil test report suggested depth of foundation is
3.5m below EGL. Recommended allowable bearing capacity is 14 ton/m2 at this depth. Alternatively piled foundation may be considered. They preferred bored cast-in-situ RCC pile. Such a pile of diameter 450 mm having tip level at a depth of 15.0 m below EGL is expected to carry around 50 tons per pile in compression which should be confirmed by load test results. 3. For Baridhara Crown: Soil test couldnt be done for adequate location. They use pre cast pile of 55-60 ft length having crushing strength of 4740 psi and site engineer couldnt show the soil report. There are three buildings of 8-13 storied.
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Building construction
Pile A pile is a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or wood. A pile is either driven into the soil or formed in-situ by excavating a hole and filling it with concrete. It is used to strengthen the soil so that the ground able to support the load of the building.
Machine
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Chisel Cutting Edge Casing Winch Machine Drilling Rod Trim Pipe
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Centering
Centering is the determination of Centre point of the pile. It needs high precision to align the Centre of the pile. Accurate placement of piles depends on the centering. Set up the rig stand and centering the chisel with pile point by dropping water. In practical ground piles are centered by dropping water .If water from sizzle drop exactly on top of pile pointing ,then centering is okay, if not then moving the tripod and adjust the pile centering.
Boring
Boring started by dropping chisel. After boring 5 to 6 (depending on soil) then remove it & insert the caging pipe (12 to 15 length) into the soil. After pushing the caging pipe then again boring started & continued up to desired depth. Water inserted into the caging by hose pipe & subsequently mud is out flowing through the caging.
Fig:Boring
Washing
Washing is done to clear the inside of borehole. Washing is done by pure water. Duration of washing continues till the washed water is clean Washing up to get the without or with less muddy or sandy water
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(normally 20 to 30 minutes).To resist caving during wash boring some material chlorine, vent urine, Potash alum etc.
Reinforcement Placing
Reinforcement cage is placed inside the borehole with help of rig. A definite clear cover should be kept all around the cage. To maintained the clear cover chair is welded with sides of reinforce bar or place a round concrete block. Maintained the clear cover at side is 3 and bottom is 1 and no spiral tie provided up to 2 from EGL.
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Casting
Casting was done with the help of a funnel and trim pipe. Funnel helps to pour the mixture and trim pipe is connected with the funnel. Casting is started from the bottom of pile to avoid segregation. During making mixture special attention should be paid to ensure the mixing ratio. After casting the cage is mildly vibrated to fill the void areas.
Casting of precast pile 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. For casting of Precast Pile a pile bed is constructed. The Pile bed constructed by leveling the ground, then laying a After drying of CC layer sand is scattered all over the place. Usually a pile bed has a length of 50 feet Formwork of pile is installed for alternative pile. Re-bar cage is installed in the formwork Then Concreting is done Curing is done. After 28 days Formworks are removed. Then in the free space left behind previously, Re-bar cage is
installed.
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11. 12.
Before casting them casted piles must protect by polythene or Then Casting & curing of the new Pile is done.
Fig:
Diesel Hammer
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Pile Cap
A mass of reinforced concrete cast around the head of a group of piles to ensure that they act as a unit to support the imposed load. Construction of pile caps starts after piling has been performed 1. Excavator dig hole to level of pile cap base Manual digging and leveling using hoe Lean concrete about 50 mm for easy work area Cutting-off pile tops up to Cut-off level 2. level. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Install pile cap formwork Install pile cap reinforcement Install pile stump reinforcement Alignment and strengthening of pile cap formwork and The level where pile caps are constructed is known as Cut off
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Fig:
Fig:
Fig:
Column
1. The vertical support which is free from all sides taking the load of
beam slab etc. and transfers the load to the earth independently is called column. 2. Column is constructed with the help of steel bars and cement concrete. In case of multi storey and frame structure building constructions, the entire load is born by columns and the floor area/ internal space of building is freely adjusted according to the requirement. 3. The size, cement concrete ratio and numbers of steel bars with their diameter are available in structural drawings which are designed according to the load born by the column and factor of safety.
Fig: Column
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Sylhet sand
Ferra
Fig: Ferra
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Turn Bolt
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Mixings of concrete:
The ingredients of concrete (cement, sand, aggregate, water etc.) can be mixed by two processes. 1. 2. By weight By volume
The standard method of preparing concrete by weight basis. But at most of the sites concrete is prepared measuring the ingredients by volume.
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Fig: Column
Reinforcement 1. 2. 3. Tie of all rings around and into vertical steel bars according to Fixing form work of required size with vertical steel bars. Laying of cement concrete is done in 3 steps:
design.
Step 01:
Column Kicker: Before making a column a special type of concrete arrangement is made which is named as kicker. The thickness of kicker is generally 6-9. It is given: a. To make proper alignment of the shuttering and the proposed column. b. To make the column as per the grid line. c. To make the column bar straight when the column bar buckles after completing the casting of the slab.
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Kicker
Step 02:
After casting column kicker 50% of total length of column is casted.
Step 03:
Then remaining 50% is casted. Step 02 and 03 are done separately to avoid segregation.
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Fig: Curing
2.
During Column Casting: a. Proportion of mixing of materials of concrete. b. Maintenance of water/cement ratio. c. Testing of consistency by slump test. d. Proper use of vibrator. e. Prohibition of segregation on concrete. f. Surface condition of the aggregate. g. Placement of aggregate before use.
3.
After column casting: (Curing of concrete column) a. 10 days required to gain the strength. b. Curing is needed for 21 days after casting. c. Jute or foam sheet is provided the moisture cannot be evaporated.
concrete block is used to maintain clear cover. In site it cannot be maintained properly because: 2. As the block which is used to maintain clear cover sometimes falls while using vibrator for column casting. So clear cover is not always uniform. 3. 4. Due to the congested placement of rod. Sometimes eccentricity Lapping of column is another important factor. Lapping length occurs which causes deviations. and placement were done properly as per design except some columns.
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Lapping
a.
According to BNBC at
lapping tie should be spaced at d/4. But tie was spaced all through at same distance.
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5.
make the structure earthquake resistant. The bending of seismic hook is 6db; where db is the diameter of the main bar.
Column Lapping
6 db
6.
Brick
7.
8.
To resist the shear stress there should not be any tie bar at the top
of the shuttering. But in some columns at the top of the shuttering we saw tie bars. This was one of the deviations.
Tie Bar
9.
Fig: Honeycomb
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10. For last column at roof the development length (12d b) was maintained properly. But sometimes it is extended up to 2.5 ft. 11. Jute or foam tape is provided so that moisture cannot be absorbed.
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Beam:
1. 2. A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also
load primarily by resisting bending. be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls, or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent structural compression members.
Beam
Fig: Beam
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a. The first hoops must be located not more than 2 in from the face of the supporting member. b. hoops as per calculation but spacing not to exceed d/2. Equipment and Materials used:
1. 2. 3. 4. Ready Mix concrete (RMC) Reinforcement Vibrator Shuttering (steel or timber)
Fig: Vibrator
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Beam Casting:
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2.
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3.
continuous beam. If both beams are continuous then shorter length is placed before long beam.
4. For the development length of beam bar is bent before the tie of column.
a.
separator bar was used between layers to avoid friction. There is no specification of the spacing. Normally they place the bars after 4-5 ft.
b. c. d.
At beam section mid bar was used as per design to resist Overall lapping of beam was maintained. Placement of shuttering was done properly. But most of the
twisting moment.
time timber shuttering was used instead of steel so there was possibility of leakage. e. Vibrator was not always used vertically so it may cause some of the deviations.
Beam-Column Joint:
It is the most critical point of a structure. At the beam column joint due to smaller column section the beam reinforcements got congested. It creates a problem while casting as the aggregates will not be able to pass though.
During the placement of bar, the bars of beam pass between the reinforcement of column so that column bar can hold the beam.
Grade Beam:
Grade Beam
A reinforced concrete beam placed directly on the ground to provide the foundation for the superstructure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The beam is always constructed up to EGL. The first beam of structure that jointed with column to column. Provided to reduce the slenderness effect of ground floor column. Have an advantage to hold the columns together during If basement is provided then grade beam act as ground floor From pile cap to PL the land is filled & compacted with sand. Transmit the wall load at ground floor to the nearest column &
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2.
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Stair
Stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs are names for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps.
Casting Of Stairs:
The observation during construction includes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Proper leveling. Proper placement of reinforcement. Arrangement of reinforcement. Size of rise and tread. Number of rise. Understanding the drawing.
6.
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reinforcement.
Fig: Chair
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Shear wall:
1. A vertical lateral-force-resisting element in a structure assigned to
resist wind or earthquake generated lateral forces. Depending on detailing and transfer mechanisms, a shear wall can be load-bearing. 2. 3. In general, these walls are continuous throughout the building However, some walls are discontinued at the street front or height. basement level to allow for commercial or parking spaces. Usually the wall layout is symmetrical with respect to at least one axis of symmetry. Generally construct for: 1. 2. 3. 4. Staircase wall Lift pit walls Underground water tank Overhanging tank shear wall is used.
Shear Wall
SLAB
1.
Slab is one of the most important structural elements in reinforced Structural concrete slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces,
concrete construction.
2.
usually horizontal in building floors, roofs, bridges and other types of structures.
Slab Casting
Following things must be checked by Project engineer: Before slab casting: 1. 2. 3. Checking the layout according to drawing. Check the beam dimensions. Check the shutter of beam.
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Check the sheet which is provided below the reinforcement. Check the spacing, alignment, no. Of main rod, binder & crank. Check the bend of top bar with a support. Check the blocks that are provided for maintain the clear cover. Check the lapping of column. Dimensions of extra top & corner reinforcement if mentioned in
design. 10. 11. Check the electric conduit layout on slab. Clear the dust on slab before casting.
During slab casting: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Check the leveling of slab Casting the beam first Using vibrator properly Alignment of reinforcement Dust on sheet must be cleaned Repair the irregular shaped sheet
After Slab Casting: 1. 2. 10 days required to gain the strength Elevated boundary provided around the periphery of slab to hold
Site Experience
Types of slab In our project site all slab are supported by reinforcement concrete beam and two way both is used. Shuttering 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Shuttering of slab should be done properly before placement of Steel and wooden shutters are mostly used for casting. The shutters are fixed with steel hooks and foams are placed in Steel props and bamboos both are used. The shutters should be hooked tightly and vertical.
the reinforcement.
Channel
Bamboo
Fig: Shuttering
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Layout of reinforcement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Detailing of reinforcement: In which direction moment is more Cranked bar: Ratio of cranked bar slope is 1:6. Lapping: Where moment is less lapping is provided. Bind the all joints must Spacing: Spacing should provide as per design.
Cranked bar
Extra top
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Thickness & Clear cover 1. 2. According to BNBC minimum slab thickness t>4.5 inch. Due to irregular shaped sheet slab thickness reduced in many
places.
Slab thickness increase due to reduce of the wood which is used as shattering materials.
3.
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4.
concrete block not maintain properly. Sometimes concrete block not placed properly or it may displace.
5.
Casting of slab 1. In our site for slab and beam casting they use ready mix
concrete. Required concrete strength is 3500 psi and they use in site 3500+500 psi strength concrete.
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2.
surface. But vibrator not properly moved. So there was a chance of having voids between the particles. 3. Then level the slab surface.
Corner reinforcement 1. 2. Providing that corner with diagonally with column where no Provided to resist the torsional moment.
Duct 1. 2. Duct system is a rectangular spiral seamed duct set into the This duct system is used primarily to exhaust air from bathroom
structural concrete floors of buildings. fans, range hoods and clothes dryers.
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3.
Fig: Duct
Electrical layout 1. 2. Electric layout pipe of the slab were denser. Placement of electric pipes is not straight due to avoid crack.
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In our site they use their own ready mix plant concrete so there is no field test for test concrete strength.
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Partition Wall 1. 2. At first according to room layout the brick line is arranged. Before starting brick work it should be approved the layout by
landowners or clients. 3. wall. During brick placement normally use English bond. But it was not
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4. 5.
Used first class brick in partition wall. Before starting brick work the bricks are soaked in water at 24 hr.
6. 7.
Then drying them before use. Brick work is done with mortar with ratio of cement: sand is1:6.
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8. 9. 10. 11.
Cheek brick wall alignment. Groove should be cut on wall for electric and others pipe setting. In column and Brick wall joint chipping and grouting in done to Curing for brick wall is 7 days.
Lintel
1. 2. 3. Lintels are provided to support the load above the opening of a It acts like a beam and transfers the load vertically to the Width of lintel is equal to the width of the wall. door, window or cupboard etc. supporting walls.
Fig: Lintel
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False Slab 1. 2. 3. To cover the sanitary pipe joints in toilet. To provide a space to accommodate future sanitary problems. Thickness of false slab 3 inch.
Electric work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. to 7. 7. In case of electric wiring switchboard is placed at a height of 46 from the floor. Desk telephone line is placed at a height of 9. The sub-station receives electricity supply from DESCO/REB. In the sub-station the main distribution board has 3kW power, Then electricity of 220V is supplied to the individual buildings. Generator is also available in the Sub-station which serves in the PVC pipe lines are laid before casting. The vertical conduits are placed when the brick work is done up
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Plumbing Work Plumbing services broadly include the following: 1. Entire system of water supply and distribution pipes, including
fittings and fixtures like taps, valves, tanks etc used in connection with water supply. 2. Entire system of sanitary drainage including fittings and fixtures like wash basins, sinks, water closets, urinals, traps, soil pipes, waste pipes, vent pipes, sewers, septic tanks etc. 3. Entire system of storm water management including collection and carrying of rain water (from roofs, paved areas, ground surface) to a public storm water drain or to a pond or river.
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Water supply 1. Water supplies of whole building are indirect system, overhead
storage tank provided at roof of the building from where the water is supplied to different floors by gravity. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Pipes of Various diameters are used for plumbing purpose. From upper to lower floor the pipe dia gradually decreases. In case of overhead tank water is at first taken from the ground to From the overhead reservoir water is distributed in each floor by For high rise building for every 3 or 4 stories there should be a
the overhead tank by a PPR pipe of 1.5 dia. distribution lines provided according to the plumbing drawing. direct pipe line from water tank.
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Sanitary drainage 1. 2. 3. 4. All the pipes used in a sewerage system can be passed through a Sometimes these pipe lines laid into a duct In case of sewerage system inspection pits are provided & these The discharge from the master pit passed through the septic tank
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Parapet wall
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Sunshade Sunshade is an extension part of a lintel provided at outer wall on window to protect entering sun-rays, to obstacle the rain effect from affecting interior.
Fig: Sunshade
Door & windows 1. 2. 3. 4. For doors & windows at 7 height from the floor a lintel is provided. Door frame is provided 1 wider than the wall thickness to adjust Before plastering the door frames & grill should be sealed with Thai aluminum window to be placed in a groove of wall in order
with plaster. wall & their alignment should be checked. to avoid rain leakage.
Plastering 1. 2. 3. Plaster is done after finishing the plumbing & electric works. Plastering is done with mortar of mix ratio cement : sand is 1: 6. The thickness of plaster a. for outside wall : inch b. for inside wall : inch c. for ceiling : inch 4. Steps of plastering: a. Chipping& Cleaning surface: Chipped with pointed hammer (byesla).Wash the surface with clean water. b. Grouting:Applying cement grouting on RCC surface.
Fig: Chipping
Fig: Grouting
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Fig: Leveling
e. Checking:
f. Curing: After plastering it should be cured properly, otherwise hairline crack may arise at surface. Curing time is 7 to 28 days. Tiles work 1. 2. 3. Before tiles work tiles are soaked in water. Leveling is done by water level. Mortar used for tiles same as plaster work.
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4. tiles.
Painting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Before starting painting the surface is made smooth with Then one coat of lime called white wash is provided. With a coating of paint a coat of putting is provided to make the The putting is made of white cement & water. At least three coatings of paint are provided.
surface smoother.
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ADTL has recently promulgated its maiden progressive and pioneering industrial venture with the launching of 3 units most modern Concrete Batching Plant at Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh, equipped with latest concreting technology of the year 2000 from United Kingdom &
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Germany. Of them, 2 Units of tiger brand, each having capacity to produce up to 30 cum per hour while Germanys Liebherr one can produce up to 60 cum per hour. Yet another insertion of a proven method of producing high strength and quick setting ready mix concrete marks the latest stage of the ongoing development of infrastructure in Bangladesh. Advantages and Disadvantages of ready mix concrete Advantages 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area. The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet Better quality concrete is produced. Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site. Elimination of procurement / hiring of plant and machinery Wastage of basic materials is avoided. Labor associated with production of concrete is eliminated. Time required is greatly reduced. Noise and dust pollution at site is reduced. Reduces cost.
Disadvantages 1. The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing
begins at that plant, so the traveling time from the plant to the site is critical over longer distances. Some sites are just too far away, though this is usually a commercial rather than technical issue. 2. Generation of additional road traffic; furthermore, access roads, and site access have to be able to carry the weight of the truck and
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load. Concrete is approx. 2.5tonne per m. This problem can be overcome by utilizing so-called 'mini mix' companies, using smaller 4m capacity mixers able to access more restricted sites. 3. Concrete's limited time span between mixing and going-off means that ready mix should be placed within 120 minutes of batching at the plant. 4. It is cost effective. Modern additives modify precisely that time span however, the amount of additive added to the mix is very important. Main Components of ready mix Concrete Ready mix concrete is made from a mix of cement, aggregates and water. Aggregates make up the majority of the concretes volume and the cement provides resistance. Additives are incorporated into the mix to ensure particular properties such as improved durability or shortened hardening times. During the mixing phase, we control every step to ensure quality and uniformity. a. Aggregates 20mm and 10mm aggregate used in RMC
b. c.
FIG: Admixture
Advantage of admixture: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To delay the initial Setting time. ADTL uses BASF. It is a super plasticizer. It also works as a water proof coating. It maintains the water-cement ratio without decreasing the
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Admixture used in ADTL: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Reobuild 1125 Reobuild 623 Rust Converters Color Hardeners Accelerators & Retarders Integral Waterproofing compounds (IWC) Air entraining Agents & Foaming Agents Admixtures for Concrete Pavers Block Industry Release agents for decorative Concrete
Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Raw materials, such as sand, gravel, and cement, are transported Certain materials, such as inert aggregates, are typically stored Cement stored in air tight container called Silos. There two Then all the aggregates are stored in the Wing Hooper from As the materials are needed, they are transported by conveyor to At the start of production, dry materials from the upper storage The proportion of materials in the mix is custom-designed to meet
to the concrete plant by truck. outdoors in stockpiles. cement silos. where needed amount is taken. large storage bins at the top of the block plant. bins are discharged into the plant's stationary central mixer. the specifications for each project. Proportioning is controlled by computer to ensure quality control.
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8.
Transport of concrete must be rapid so that the concrete does not dry out or lose its workability or plasticity in the process. The homogeneity of the concrete obtained at the time of mixing should be maintained while transporting it to the final place of deposition. Thats why the companys transports concrete from its Ready Mix Concrete plants to the site through transit mixers. Further the concrete is pumped to the actual point of concreting through high efficiency concrete pumps. Rotating-drum truck mixers typically have a capacity of 6-7 cubic meters and discharge the concrete from the rear. Because slump loss can occur during transit, it is required that the concrete be discharged on the job site within 90 minutes or before 300 revolutions after the addition of water to the cement.
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Concrete Test
1.
2. Concrete by weight is the actual method which is followed here to gain the proper strength. 3. 4. Sample of concrete is tested both in BUET and RMCs Laboratory. Users do their test from working site.
safety factor but now USD method followed so that reduce factor of safety. 5. 6. Proper site management and good storage facility. Duration and bank loan.
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SAFETY
Fig: Falling of reinforcement bar from 8th floor due to lack of proper fastening
When employees are exposed to a hazard of falling 10 feet or more to a lower level, the employer must ensure that fall protection systems are provided, installed, and implemented. 1. Each employee on walking/working surfaces must be protected
from falling through holes (including skylights) more than six feet above lower levels. Each employee on a walking/working surface must be protected from objects falling through holes (including skylights) and from tripping in or stepping into holes (including skylights) by covers. 2. Each employee working on, at, above, or near wall openings
(including those with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is six feet or more above lower levels and the inside
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bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches above the walking/working surface, must be protected from falling. 3. Each employee on established floors, balconies, and walkways,
with an unprotected side or edge six feet or more above a lower level, must be protected from falling. 4. Each employee at the edge of an excavation six feet or more
depth must be protected from falling when the excavations are not readily seen because of plant growth or other visual barrier. Each employee at the edge of a well, pit, shaft, and similar excavation six feet or more in depth must be protected from falling. 5. Safe welding and cutting practices include ventilation, guards
(screens and covers), and personal protective equipment (gloves, hood/helmet, eye and face protection, and respirators). Each employee must be protected from falls into or onto dangerous equipment, regardless of the fall distance. When an employee is exposed to falling objects, the employer must have each employee wear a hard hat and must implement an additional measure of protection such as erecting toe boards, screens, or guardrail systems or barricade the area and prohibit employees from entering the barricaded area.
Housekeeping
1. During the construction, alteration, or repair work, forms and
scrap lumber with protruding nails and all other debris must be cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs in and around buildings or other structures.
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2. 3.
Debris must be removed at regular intervals during the course of Containers must be provided for the collection and separation of
construction. A safe means must be provided for removal. waste, trash, oily and used rags, and other refuse. Containers used for garbage and other oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc., must be equipped with covers. Garbage and other waste must be disposed of at frequent, regular intervals. Helmet: site. Every workers and visitor must have helmet while in project
the building during construction. Fencing: There should be proper fencing in the project area.
Safety line: During construction of multistoried building worker must put on safety line.
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Earthing:
Medical services and first aid a. The employer must ensure the availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of occupational health. b. Provisions must be made for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury before commencement of a project. c. In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician reasonably accessible to the worksite, a person who has a valid certificate in first-aid training must be available at the site to render first aid.
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d. First-aid supplies must be easily accessible when required. The contents of the first-aid kit must be placed in a weatherproof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item, and must be checked by the employer before being sent out on each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced.
Horizontal structure
1. Staff Road Over Pass: We visited Staff Road over pass on 13 Dec 2012. 2. Mirpur-Banani-Airport Flyover. We visited this flyover on 18 Dec 2012.
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indoor environmental quality and enhancing durability. EPS has compression strength between 10 to 60 psi (depending on various densities) for most applications and can be molded to meet specific requirements. EPS is used widely in the building and construction industry. EPS is an inert material that does not rot and provides no nutritional benefits to vermin therefore does not attract pests such as rats or termites. Its strength, durability and lightweight nature makes it a versatile and popular building product. Applications include insulated panel systems for walls, roofs and floors as well as facades for both domestic and commercial buildings. It is also used as a void-forming fill material in civil engineering projects, as a lightweight fill in road and railway construction, and as floatation material in the construction of pontoons and marinas.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Ideal for temporary shed or site office. Fast installation and ease of handling. Crane assembly therefore no scaffolding required. No thermal bridges and good thermal insulation properties. Design flexibility with choice of color finishes. Panels can be installed horizontally or vertically. Reliable robust mechanical performance. Outstanding non combustible and acoustic performance.
Architectural products
Advanced EPS Technologies Ltd can fabricate a wide variety of custom foam shapes for use as architectural enhancements. Popular custom foam shapes include round and fluted columns, cornices, archways, quoins, parapet caps and decorative bans. Custom foam shapes are commonly used as design elements on buildings and signage. EPS shapes have proven very economical in comparison to wood or concrete products, often providing a 50 to 75 percent cost savings. They can also be manufactured quickly, reducing lead times and avoiding long delays.
and bonding easy. walls without plaster i.e.; factory units, sheds etc.
At Ashulia beside the R.M.C plant a Brick Plant is under construction. It is a mat foundation. 1. 2. It is a steel structure of 120ft high. Ht of mat foundation is 4ft 2 inch.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Sometimes there are some mismanagement in administrative side Few design part could not be explain by the site engineers. Most often we didnt get the full soil test report on site offices. Some time we got few changes in drawing but not executed on On few sites construction progress were slow due to rescission. Service facilities like gas and current line are not available so Most of the working sites are in around Dhaka city and the main
ground.
company couldnt finish all the work within time frame. project in which we worked is in Savar. So transport problems and maintaining time was difficult due to political movement. 8. lift. Most of the buildings we visited were multistoried, so every day climbing 8 -14 floors was laborious as no buildings having construction
9. 10.
civil engineers. Handling with labor and employment of skilled labors are another
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. All the departments of a construction company should run for proper execution of various administration and smoothly 2. 3. 4. 5.
operational job. Presently USD methods used in all design purpose which Aggregates used in construction should be free from deleterious Quality and quantity should be ensured by proper and constant Construction lift should be use in every multistoried building which minimized the construction cost. materials and of good quality. supervision. will facilitate transporting of building materials and will encourage site engineers to supervise building construction repeatedly. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Flow of fund is important to run a project freely and smoothly. Chief Engineers should visit site frequently to ensure proper Proper safety measures should be used and installed in Steel props should be used instead of bamboo shuttering Wiring and binding of reinforcement should be appropriate. All the departments of an construction company should run for proper execution of various administration and
smoothly
operational job.
CONCLUSIONS
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The aim of a civil engineer is to plan and design various types of structures. This will not be possible unless he involves himself in ground oriented tasks. A project engineer is mostly responsible for implementing the structural design on ground. He needs to have depth of knowledge and foresightness, so that his project does not stuck up for material scarcity, manpower, any special equipment or any other project related problem like requirement of dewatering in an excavation pit. This should be also theoretically covered along with practical orientation. So CESIP has helped us immensely in gathering knowledge of project management.
REFERENCES
All the departments of the Advanced Development & Technologies Ltd. Theoretical and practical experience of the engineers whom we concerned BANGLADESH NATIONAL BUILDING CODE(1993) for knowing various specification ACI codes Design of Concrete Structure-14th edn By Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin & Charles W. Dolan
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