PAPER PRESENTATION

TOPIC OF THE PAPER

SOLAR POWER SYSTEM WITH AUTOTRACKING BY

B.Manikandan III YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Angel College of Engineering and Technology E-MAIL ID:manikandan_23@ymail.com AND G.Vijayan III YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Angel College of Engineering and Technology

ABSTRACT:
The objective of this paper is to control the position of a solar panel in accordance with the motion of sun. It can be done using Automatic Sun Tracking System (ASTS) The solar panel changes its direction towards the sunlight automatically. It is used to reduce the manual adjustments of the solar panel. This is new innovative model which is used to run the water pumping system for agricultural field and also in garden. The system consists of solar panel, control unit, battery, water tank and DC motor. The equipment is fully operated automatically by using the control unit.

NEED FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewable, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3%, followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. Climate change concerns coupled with high oil prices, peak oil and increasing government support are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization. European Union leaders reached an agreement in principle in March 2007 that 20 percent of their nations' energy should be produced from renewable fuels by 2020, as part of its drive to cut emissions of carbon dioxide, blamed in part for global warming. Investment capital flowing into renewable energy climbed from $80 billion in 2005 to a record $100 billion in 2006. Alternate sources of energy: 1. Biomass. 2. Solar Energy. 3. Wind Energy. 4. Geothermal Energy. 5. Hydropower 6. Fuel cells.

BENEFITS OF NATURAL ENERGY:

It is cheap Readily available in abundance Pollution free Less maintenance Doesnt cause global warming

SOLAR ENERGY:
Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy. It is also the most important of
the non-conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting.

Solar energy is the light and radiant heat from the Sun that influences Earth's climate and weather and sustains life. Earth surface receives 1.2x1017 W of power from sun.Solar power is sometimes used as a synonym for solar energy or more specifically to refer to electricity generated from solar radiation. Since ancient times, solar energy has been harnessed for human use through a range of technologies. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available flow of renewable energy on Earth. Solar energy technologies can provide electrical generation by heat engine or photovoltaic means, space heating and cooling in active and passive solar buildings; potable water via distillation and disinfection, day lighting, hot water, thermal energy for cooking, and high temperature process heat for industrial purposes.

SOLAR PANEL:
A solar panel is a device that collects and converts solar energy into electricity or heat. It known as Photovoltaic panels, used to generate electricity directly from sunlight Solar thermal

energy collection systems, used to generate electricity through a system of mirrors and fluidfilled tubes solar thermal collector, used to generate heat solar hot water panel, used to heat water. It is energy portal. A solar power technology that uses solar cells or solar photovoltaic arrays to convert light from the sun directly into electricity.Photovoltaics, is in which light is converted into electrical power. It is best known as a method for generating solar power by using solar cells packaged in photovoltaic modules, often electrically connected in multiples as solar photovoltaic arrays to convert energy from the sun into electricity. The photovoltaic solar panel is photons from sunlight knock electrons into a higher state of energy, creating electricity. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from light, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. A less common form of the technologies is thermophotovoltaics, in which the thermal radiation from some hot body other than the sun is utilized. Photovoltaic devices are also used to produce electricity in optical wireless power transmission. BRIEF FUNCTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS:
Photovoltaic or solar cell/panel converts sunlight directly into electricity which can be used to power light bulbs, household electrical appliances or recharge a battery. PV cells come in various sizes ranging from 10mm by 10mm to 100mm by 100mm, the most common size being 100mm by 100mm cells. A single PV cell produces about 1 to 2 watts of electricity; an amount that is quite insignificant compared to what is required by most electrical equipment. Two or more PV Cells are built to produce a PV Module to provide higher wattages as required. For instance, a PV module producing 50 watts may comprise of at least 25 of 2 Watts output PV cells. To meet the the electrical need of a home or an industrial setting, PV Modules are assembled together to form a PV Array that meets the total energy requirement. A PVC system design begins with determining the total energy requirement for a facility to be powered. Next the number of solar panel units required and other components of the PVC (description below) are determined. A basic PVC system

comprises of the following:

Batteries (rechargeable) Store solar energy up to provide electricity for sun-down periods (nights and cloudy days). They must be able to discharge and recharge.Rechargeable batteries are a little more expensive than the disposable batteries. Without batteries a PVC system can only provide electricity when it is sunny.

Charge Controller - feeds electricity from the solar panel to the batteries in a manner that prevents the solar panel from overcharging the batteries.

Power Inverter converts the low-voltage direct currents (DC) from the battery to high-voltage alternating current (AC) required by most household appliances.

In summary, the solar cells collect direct sunlight, converts sunlight into lowvoltage DC. Where energy storage in a battery for future use is required, the DC is stored directly in batteries. A charge controller is installed between the Solar panels and the batteries to ensure he batteries are not overcharged. A Power Inverter is used to convert the DC from battery to AC to power the AC appliances.

 Through this, peak power cannot be obtained at day time.

Methods of obtaining Peak Power:

Though Manual tracking is possible but is waste of time. Algorithms are used for Automatic Peak Power tracking. Automatic tracking is a better choice.

AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER: A solar tracker is a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. When compared to the price of the PV solar panels themselves, the cost of a solar tracker is relatively low.

CONTROL UNIT:
The solar panel is attached to the two connecting bars and the bars are attached to the centre of the motor shaft. Here motor used to control the radial direction of the solar panel. The motor get supply from control units. The LDR and Amplifier is used to control the direction of the solar panel using the sensing of the light. Relay is used to change the motor direction in

forward and reverse. In our project the main device is micro controller. It is used to control the whole unit of this project. In this we are using the motor to rotate the solar panel, the LDR is used to find the sunlight area and provide the signal through the control unit. Then the control unit operates the motor to the required rotation or angle. The solar panel produce the power to the direct sunlight, the produced power stored to the battery by the help of control unit. The pump is operated by the stored power in the battery by the control of control unit. The control unit controls the on/off function of the pump in this equipment. Microcontrollers are destined to play an increasingly important role in revolutionizing various industries and influencing our day to day life more strongly than one can imagine. Since its emergence in the early 1980's the microcontroller has been recognized as a general purpose building block for intelligent digital systems. It is finding using diverse area, starting from simple children's toys to highly complex spacecraft. Because of its versatility and many advantages, the application domain has spread in all conceivable directions, making it ubiquitous. As a consequence, it has generate a great deal of interest and enthusiasm among students, teachers and practicing engineers, creating an acute education need for imparting the knowledge of microcontroller based system design and development. It identifies the vital features responsible for their tremendous impact; the acute educational need created by them and provides a glimpse of the major application area.

MERITS:
Quite simple
Free energy

Low cost

 Readily available Compact Easy maintenance

DEMERITS:
Solar power is only available at day time

APPLICATIONS:
Agricultural uses and also home uses

CONCLUSION:
Finally we conclude that we will get more energy by using this type of system when comparing with ordinary solar power systems. This innovation has made the more desirable and economical. This paper SOLAR POWERED AGRICULTURAL WATER PUMPING SYSTEM WITH AUTO TRACKING is designed with the hope that it is very much economical and help full to operate the pump in agricultural areas and homes, etc,.