functions ICUs stereo cameras can detect the position of specific points on the arms, legs and head

head to within 10 cubic centimeters, compared with the 0.2 cubic millimeters accuracy of Infinitrack. ICU reads facial expressions using a pattern-matching algorithm that has been trained on pictures of people expressing different emotions. Using cues such as the position and shape of the lips, ICU spots five basic states: happiness, anger, surprise, sadness and neutral. It also has the ability to tune out the visual clutter around a player that could otherwise distort its results. Once it detects a face 2 meters in front of the cameras, the system can isolate the person by only keeping the information between 1.5 and 2.5 meters away, Marti says. Sophisticated as it is, however, ICU isnt yet going to be launched into the punishing domestic entertainment market They are planning to test it in the world of advertising before they use it with their gaming system. If placed in a shop window, since it is able to adapt the content to the persons who are watching, it can provide them with targeted information. It can also catch passerbys attention and invite them to interact with the system in a natural and easy way. It could also offer the possibility to browse through the information by simply moving their heads. Problem: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) may experience delirium related to medications, and changes in circadian rhythms. Our plan; to recognize and decrease the incidence of delirium by implementing evidence-based practice, to decrease the amount of sedative and narcotic medications used, and develop sleep schedules to allow more normal sleep cycles. Evidence: Literature validated use of the Confusion Assessment Method - ICU (CAM-ICU) for detection of delirium.

Increased use of medications coupled with changes in circadian rhythms was shown to increase the incidence of delirium. Evidence resulted in development of a flow sheet utilizing the CAM-ICU Tool, followed by interventions to decrease delirium in both vented and non-vented patients. Strategy: Our hospital decided to initiate use of the CAM-ICU Tool for all ICU patients; upon admission, with change in mental status, and routinely two times daily to detect delirium. All patients would get treatments; lights on in daytime, uninterrupted sleep at night, and evaluation of need for sedatives and narcotics. We would provide sedation vacations for vented patients, and evaluate amount of medication needed for ventilator compliance. Practice Change: To achieve these goals nurses were educated on the incidence of delirium, need for detection and treatment, and use of the CAM-ICU tool. Sleep schedules were enforced, light schedules followed, and medications evaluated on each patient. Evaluation: In four months 263 patients were assessed using the CAM-ICU tool, 68 identified as having delirium, 23 exhibited improvements with nursing interventions. Results: Currently assessments are performed per protocol, day time lights and sleep times are enforced, and medications are reduced. Nurses are aware that delirium has a negative effect on patient outcomes. Recommendations: Continued education, reinforcement with use of the tool and support of positive change is necessary. Lessons Learned: Changing culture is difficult, nurses need to see a need and believe the result is beneficial for patients. Reinforcement is a constant process requiring diligence and leaders that believe in the change.

Oxygen monitors with electrochemical sensors. functions Oxygen monitors that continuously measure and display oxygen concentration in hospital supply lines, compressed gas cylinders, and in gas mixtures supplied to the patient. Most units have alarms signalling dangerous levels of oxygen concentration. monitors are also used to check accuracy of ventilator settings. For use mainly in ICU`s, operation theaters and in critical care units. The oxygen monitor is a medical device that calculates the amount of oxygen in our blood in a non-invasive way. a safe, fast, efficient and painless alternative to laboratory analyses of blood samples, these instruments are used for monitoring patients with heart conditions and respiratory problems

Precautions Oxygen supports combustion, therefore no open flame or products that are combustible should be permitted when oxygen is in use. These include petroleum jelly, oils, and aerosol sprays. A spark from a cigarette, electric razor, or other electrical device could easily ignite oxygensaturated hair or bedclothes around the patient. Explosion-proof plugs should be used for vaporizers and humidifier attachments. Care must be taken with oxygen equipment used in the home or hospital. Cylinders should be kept in carts, or have collars for safe storage. If not stored in a cart, smaller canisters may be lain on the floor. Knocking cylinders together can cause sparks, so bumping them should be avoided. In the home, the oxygen source must be placed at least 6 ft (1.8 m) away from flames or other sources of ignition, such as a lit cigarette. Oxygen tanks should be kept in a wellentilated area. Oxygen tanks should not be kept in the trunk of a car. Use "No Smoking oxygen in Use" signs to warn visitors not to smoke near the patient. Special care must be given when administering oxygen to premature infants, because of the danger of high oxygen levels causing retinopathy of prematurity or contributing to the construction of ductus arteriosis. PaO2(partial pressure of oxygen) levels greater than 80 mm Hg should be avoided.

 Patients who are undergoing a laser bronchoscopy should have concurrent administration of supplemental oxygen to avoid burns to the trachea.