NBD Authority

ENGLISH
Na t i o n a l Bi o d i v e r s i t y Au t h o r i t y Na t i o n a l Bi o d i v e r s i t y Au t h o r i t y
5th Floor, Ticel Bio Park, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600 113
Biodiver s ity. . . . .

Biodiver s ity. . . . .

Tel: 044 2254 1075 / 2777 | Fax: 2254 1200 | Web: www.nbaindia.org
Futur e Secur ed Futur e Secur ed
HINDI
National Biodiversity Authority National Biodiversity Authority
5th Floor, Ticel Bio Park, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600 113
Biodiversity.....

Biodiversity.....

Tel: 044 2254 1075 / 2777 | Fax: 2254 1200 | Web: www.nbaindia.org
Future Secured Future Secured
National Biodiversity Authority
Snapshot
5th Floor, Ticel Bio Park, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600 113 Tel: 044 2254 1075 / 2777 Fax: 2254 1200 | Web: www.nbaindia.org
Number of State Biodiversity Boards established 26
Number of Biodiversity Management Committees formed 32,796
Number of States that have notified state-wise Rules 14
Number of States that have notified lists of plants & animals which are on the
verge of extinction.
14
Number of Peoples Biodiversity Registers documented 1121
Number of Biodiversity Heritage Sites notified 4
Number of Guidelines / Notifications issued 4
Current list of Normally Traded Commodities 190
Number of Benefit Sharing Agreements signed 93
Number of Publications by NBA 27
Biological Diversity Act (enacted in 2002)
Biological Diversity Rules (Notified in 2004)
Biological Diversity Act (enacted in 2002)
Biological Diversity Rules (Notified in 2004)
Status of Implementation
December 2011
Biodiversity
iodiversity encompasses the variety of all life on earth including terrestrial, marine and
aquatic ecosystems. It comprises diversity at three levels: genetic diversity (within
Bspecies), species diversity (between species) and ecosystem diversity.
India is one of the 17 mega-biodiversity countries with 2.4 per cent of the global land area and 4
per cent of water. It accounts for 7 to 8 per cent of the recorded species of the world. So far,
45,968 species of plants and 91,364 species of animals have been documented. Over 5,650
microbial species have been described. India is one of the eight primary centers of origin of
cultivated plants with about 375 closely related wild species including rice, pulses, millets,
vegetables, fruits and fiber plants. There are nearly 255 breeds of animals such as cattle, sheep,
goat, camel, horse and poultry found in India. India is also rich in cultural diversity and in
traditional knowledge available with tribal communities.
Economic potential of Biodiversity
(Source: ABLE, 2008)
Segment 2009 - 10 2010-11
Exports Rs Crore
(US $ Million)
Percentage
Share (%) in
Biotech industry
Exports Rs Crore
(US $ Million)
Percentage
Share (%) in
Biotech Industry
Bio Pharma 4767.7
(1081.7)
54 5535.4
(1255.6)
52
Bio Services 2507
(569)
95 2986.3
(677.4)
92
Bio Agri 58.1
(13.2)
3 74.4 3
Bio Industrial 124.1
(28.2)
22 150.2
(34.1)
24
Bio Informatics 73.9
(16.8)
32 106.02
(24)
42
Total 170.9
(38.8)
53 8852.3
(2008)
51.3
he Government of India enacted the Biological Diversity Act in 2002 and notified the
Biological Diversity Rules in 2004. The Biological Act has 12 Chapters and 65 Sections
Tand was published on 5 February, 2003. The Biodiversity Rules were notified on 15
April, 2004.
The Act is implemented at national, State and local levels, through a decentralized three tier
system. At the National level, the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established by
Government of India under Section 8 of the Act. The NBA is an autonomous and statutory
body performing enabling / facilitative, regulatory and advisory role to relevant agencies and
Ministries of Government of India on issues of conservation of biodiversity, its sustainable use
and ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of such use. The NBA operates
through consultative process involving expert committees and stakeholders.
At State level, State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) are established by the State Governments as
per Section 22 of the Act, while at local level the Biodiversity Management Committees
(BMCs) are constituted by the Local Bodies as per Section 41 of the Act.
National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
The functions of NBA include:
Creating an enabling environment, as appropriate, to promote conservation and sustainable
use of biodiversity.
Advising the Government of India on matters relating to conservation of biodiversity,
sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of
utilization of biological resources.
Regulating activities and issue guidelines for access to biological resources and for fair
and equitable benefit sharing in accordance with the Sections 3, 4 and 6 of the Biological
Diversity Act, 2002.Certain individuals / nationals / organizations require prior approval of
NBA for obtaining biological resources and/or associated knowledge for use.
Taking necessary measures to oppose the grant of intellectual property rights in any
country outside India on any biological resource obtained from India or knowledge
associated with such biological resource derived from India illegally.
Advising the State Governments in the selection of areas of biodiversity importance to be
notified as heritage sites and suggest measures for their management.
The Act
The Rules
Biological Diversity Rules, 2004
o implement the Biological Diversity Act 2002, Rules have been notified in 2004. The
salient features of the BD Rules 2004 are:
T
Procedures for appointment of Chairperson and Members of the Authority, conduct of
authority meetings, and general functions of the authority are described in the Rules 3-8, 10
and 12 respectively.
The process to regulate activities for access to biological resources and associated traditional
knowledge in accordance with the Sections 3 (Access to Biological Resources), 4 (Transfer of
Research Results) and 6 (Seeking 'No objection Certificate' for obtaining patent) under the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002, are given in Rule 14, 17 and 18 respectively.
The Procedure to revoke written agreements, action in prohibiting access and recovery of
damages (Rule 15)
Restricting access of endangered, endemic and rare species, restricting access incase of
adverse environmental impact, genetic erosion, ecosystem function and purposes contrary to
national interest as well as international agreements (Rule 16)
Imposing terms and conditions for ensuring equitable sharing of benefits on access, transfer
of results of research, application for patent / IPR claims (Rule 20)
Constitution of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) and Preparation, maintenance and
validation of People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) in consultation with the local people should
be done as per Rules 22(2) and 22(6) respectively .
Appeal for settlement of disputes between NBA and SBB or between SBBs are dealt under
Rules 23.
The Rules also have prescribed formats viz, Form-I (Access to Biological resources and
associated traditional knowledge), Form-II (Transfer of Research results), Form-III (Seeking No
objection Certificate for obtaining patent) and Form-IV (Seeking approval for Third Party Transfer)
The SBBs
he SBBs are established by the State Governments by official gazette notification in
accordance with Section 22 of the Act. For the seven Union Territories, NBA or its
Tauthorized body exercises the powers and functions of SBB.
The SBBs are established by the State Governments with a Chairperson, five ex officio
members representing the concerned departments and five members appointed from experts in
matters relating to conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of biological resources
and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of biological resources.
The functions of SBBs include:
F Advising the State Governments, subject to guidelines issued by the Central Government,
on matters relating to conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and
equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of biological resources.
F Regulating by granting approvals or otherwise requests for commercial utilization or bio-
survey and bio-utilization of any biological resource by Indians.
F Performing such other functions as necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act or as
prescribed by the State Government.
So far, 26 States have established the Biodiversity Boards and 14 States have notified the
Rules as of December 2011.
State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs)
The BMCs
ccording to Section 41 of the Act, every local body shall constitute the BMC within its area
for the purpose of promoting conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biological
Adiversity including preservation of habitats, conservation of landraces, folk varieties and
cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds of animals and microorganisms and chronicling of
knowledge relating to biological diversity.
The functions of BMCs include:
F Preparing, maintaining and validating People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) in consultation with
the local people.
F Maintaining a Register giving information about the details of access to biological resources
and traditional knowledge granted, details of the collection fee imposed and details of the
benefits derived and the mode of their sharing.
F Advising on any matter referred to it by the State Biodiversity Board or Authority for granting
approval, to maintain data about the local vaids and practitioners using the biological
resources.
So far 32,796 BMCs have been constituted across India. National guidelines for BMC are being
finalized to facilitate effective functioning of the BMCs. So far, only two states have notified BMC
Guidelines and Rules.
Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs)
The Funds
ational, State and Local level biodiversity funds are established under Sections 27, 32
and 43 of the Act respectively. The funds are intended for channeling benefits to
Nbonafide claimers and for conservation and promotion of biological resources and / or the
associated knowledge and socio-economic development of these areas.
National Biodiversity Fund (NBF)
As per the Section of 27(1) of the Act any grants and loans, all charges, royalties received by
the NBA may be called National Biodiversity Fund. The fund shall be applied for channeling
benefits to the benefit claimers, conservation and promotion of biological resources and
development of areas from where such biological resources or knowledge associated thereto has
been accessed and for socio-economic development of areas in consultation with the local
bodies.
State Biodiversity Fund (SBF)
The State Biodiversity Fund created as per Section 32(1) of the Act receives any grants and
loans made to the SBB / any grants or loans made by the NBA / all sums received by the SBB
from other sources may be decided upon by State Government as State Biodiversity Fund. The
SBF shall be used for the management and conservation of heritage sites, compensating or
rehabilitating any section of the people economically affected by notification, conservation and
promotion of biological resources and socioeconomic development of areas from where such
biological resources or knowledge associated thereto has been accessed.
Local Biodiversity Fund (LBF)
The Local Biodiversity Fund is created at every area notified by the State Governments where
any institution of self-Government is functioning and there shall be credited thereto, any grants or
loan made by NBA, fees / levy charges by way of collection fees from any person for accessing
or collecting any biological resources for commercial purposes. The LBF shall be used for
conservation and promotion of biodiversity in the areas falling within the jurisdiction of the
concerned local body and for the benefit of the community.
Biodiversity Fund
The PBRs
he main function of the BMC is to prepare People's Biodiversity Register in consultation
with local people. The Register shall contain comprehensive information on the
Tavailability and knowledge of local biological resources, their medicinal or any other use
or any other traditional knowledge associated with them.
The PBRs focus on participatory documentation of local biodiversity, traditional knowledge and
practices. They are seen as key legal documents in ascertaining the rights of local people
over the biological resources and associated traditional knowledge.
So far, 1121 PBRs are developed in India in 10 states with the participation of range of
stakeholders. National Biodiveristy Authority has issued guidelines on PBRs in 2009.
Step - wise PBR Preparation Process
Step 1 : Formation of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC)
Step 2 : Sensitization of the public about the study, survey and possible
management
Step 3 : Training of members in identification and collection of data on biological
resources and traditional knowledge
Step 4 : Collection of data. Data collection includes review of literature on the
natural resources of the districts, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRAs) at
village level, household interviews, individual interviews with village
leaders and knowledgeable individuals, household heads, key actors of
the Panchayat raj institutions and NGOs and direct field observations
Step 5 : Analysis and validation of data in consultation with technical support group
and BMC
Step 6 : Preparation of People's Biodiversity Register
Step 7 : Computerization of information and resources
People's Biodiversity Registers (PBRs)
The Heritage
nder Section 37 of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 the State Government in consultation
with local bodies may notify in the official gazette, areas of biodiversity importance as
UBiodiversity Heritage Sites. The National Biodiversity Authority issued guidelines for the
selection and management of BHS in 2009.
Definition of BHS
Biodiversity Heritage Sites are well defined areas that are unique, ecologically fragile
ecosystems - terrestrial, coastal and inland waters and, marine having rich biodiversity
comprising of any one or more of the following components: richness of wild as
well as domesticated species or intra-specific categories, high endemism, presence of rare and
threatened species, keystone species, species of evolutionary significance, wild ancestors of
domestic/cultivated species or their varieties, past pre-eminence of biological components
represented by fossil beds and having significant cultural, ethical or aesthetic values and are
important for the maintenance of cultural diversity, with or without a long history of human
association with them. Areas having any of the following characteristics may qualify for inclusion
as BHS.
Criteria for BHS
Areas that contain a mosaic of natural, semi-natural, and manmade habitats, which together contain a
significant diversity of life forms.
Areas that contain significant domesticated biodiversity component and /or representative agro
ecosystems with ongoing agricultural practices that sustain this diversity.
Areas that are significant from a biodiversity point of view as also are important cultural spaces such as
sacred groves/trees and sites, or other large community conserved areas.
Areas including very small ones that offer refuge or corridors for threatened and endemic fauna and
flora, such as community conserved areas or urban greens and wetlands.
All kinds of legal land uses whether government, community or private land could be considered under
the above categories.
As far as possible those sites may be considered which are not covered under Protected Area network
under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 as amended.
Areas that provide habitats, aquatic or terrestrial, for seasonal migrant species for feeding and
breeding.
Areas that are maintained as preservation plots by the research wing of Forest department.
Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas.
Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS)
The Roles
The important roles of the Central and State Governments
s per Section 36 of the Act the important duties of the Central and State
Governments are:
A
Developing national strategies, plans, programmes for the conservation, promotion
and sustainable use of biological diversity.
Issuing directives to the concerned State Governments to take immediate
ameliorative measures for protection of biodiversity rich habitats, threatened by overuse,
abuse or neglect.
Integrating of the conservation, promotion and sustainable use of biological diversity
into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies. Endeavour to
respect and protect the knowledge of local people relating to biological diversity, as
recommended by the NBA.
Assessing the impact of projects on environment and biodiversity, and regulate,
manage or control the risks or adverse impact of use and release of living modified
organisms on conservation; and sustainable use of biological diversity and human health.
The Central Government may, in consultation with NBA:
(a) notify threatened species and prohibit or regulate their collection, rehabilitation
and conservation;
(b) designate institutions as repositories for different categories of biological
resources; and
(c) exempt certain biological resources as normally traded as commodities.
State Governments, in consultation with the local bodies, may notify biodiversity heritage sites,
and frame Rules for management and conservation of all the heritage sites (in consultation with
Central Government) and launch schemes for compensation / rehabilitation of affected people.
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|--i ilni, li -r- i| ilni, i , lin ilni i i| l--, |i- -n
,ii l i-i lnlli- | l-iln nii i-ln, ln i i -~ -i ,ni
;lnri ii i ; li i-ln llini iii rn -r-i r| ; ii - l-illin liini ri
| i - iil- li li i ni r|
vv + ni+
i ri iln, ~i iln ~i -i ll-n ~lii r, i l-i | i | ~i|
llini llrn n r|
i i ~i| i llini i-i ~i , i li il-iln| ni lnlli ri ii
ri ; llini -iil- i| li ii i| r|
l llini li -r-i i l- l ni , i ~i -i -r-i i-ln -ii i
~ -i lin i iil- r|
~-n si- i ri -i ~i ili- n-n ii nii n~i l ~i~ i r, -i
,ii lin i i ir| rli| ~i - |
i| i i| ilin, ir i| ri i i-il i l| il-, in ~lii l ;
li li i ni r|
ri n i ri -ii li li i i iilin | ii ~lil- s/z nrn
lin i - ~nnn r| l n r|
i i i ~i l -i- | i| ilni rn | i -i| ~lii i n r|
i i liiin ~ii -i ,ii ii ii i - i n r|
~iii| i ii i
ic iui ii+i
+n
+ i i +ii + nr-i +n
~i i ii -r-ii n ~lil- | iii sc ~i l-ii r
i-| i|lni, ii~i, i-i li ,ii l llini i ii, i ~i -ii|
in
lin i ii i llini -, ~liii ii l n-i irii i
i li i| i, lr ~-li in, ii i in ii ili- r
llini ii, i ~i -ii| in - ,ii nn i i li- i ii,
i- ~i |lni ii| l llini lin -ii| ini l ni i ~i ~i ii
i i, i | ,ii nn r
ii ~i i llini lii ii i ~i i nii ii |ln iilin
|i in ~i l-ln ili-i i ln iii i ll-, i i li
llini -i| -i- i -ii| in
+ +i, v+v + ii inzi ru
() -ii ilni i ~liln i nii ; nr, i ~i ii i lii i ll-
(i) l iii | lli ~lii l nri i - -iii i i-ll- i ~i
(n) i-i ii -i i - s l iii i s- i i
i i -ii| lii i-i l llini -ii i ~liln n| r ~i i| lin
-ii i ~i ii l- i n| r (| i i-i ) ~i iiln ini i
, -~i | ii ~ii n r|
ic iui ii+i

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ENGLISH

ic iui ii+i ic iui ii+i

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