Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. 1351. Print.

The Decameron is a book written by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio. In it, he writes a fictional series of stories told from the point of view of ten Florentines fleeing the Black Death. It is not so much the stories themselves as their setting that assisted me in making this project. Because Boccaccio was a common man, I was able to acquire details about how the plague impacted the lives of commoners. More importantly, I was able to show that the plague was influential enough to branch into areas such as literature and the arts. Carrying plague victims off the streets. Digital image. Tales from the Dark Side. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://krackedkillers.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/black_death.jpg>. This image was used as the banner on the Home page to the site. I used it to provide atmosphere and show the massive suffering the plague caused. Dance of Death. Digital image. Fortlewis.edu. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/arbeeny_p/Holbeindeath.png>. The Dance of Death is among many post-plague illustrations that emulate the macabre style of art that was prevalent among artists of that time. I used this as the banner image on the Why Does It Matter? page to show that the style of art changed after the plague to reflect the death-centered thinking of post-plague peoples. Dying plague victims blessed by a clergyman. Digital image. Black Death Facts. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://blackdeathfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/blackdeath-image.jpg>. This image from the fifteenth century depicts two people dying from the plagues buboes. This is among the more famous pictures of the Black Death. It shows clearly what the people of that time were suffering, and their ability to depict their suffering for posterity. I used this image as the banner image for the Introduction and Thesis page as well as The Black Death: A Scourge on Europe. England. The Statute of Laborers. By King Edward III. 1351. 05 Dec. 2012. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/statlab.asp> The Statute of Laborers was a decree by King Edward III of England in the year 1351, in the last years of the plague. The decree is relatively short; in general it specified new laws that the people of England were to follow in regards to wages in the aftermath of the plague. The decree notes that many people demand higher

wages when fewer people work on farms or in cities because the employers have no option but to meet their demands. This law attempted to counteract this by setting work wages at pre-plague levels. While the law was largely unsuccessful, it was beneficial for me when I used it to show that the massive population losses of the plague were economically beneficial to the surviving workers. Also, I was able to show that governments would attempt to maintain the status quo and avoid serious social change. Ordinances for Sanitation in a Time of Mortality (1348). 05 Dec. 2012. <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/osheim/pistoia.html> This statute by the government of Pistoia in Tuscany, Italy, in 1348 gave an overview of the new sanitation measures that were required to be taken by the people in response to the plague that had spread into Italy. Among these measures were the requirements to place all the dead into wooden coffins before moving them, and digging deeper graves to keep the infected dead away from the public. These and other measures that the new law required suggest several things about Pistoia in this time. For one thing, I used this to illustrate the reaction of the government to the plague, which was surprisingly cautious. In addition, I was able to presume that the impact of the plague in this area must have been very great for the government to take such invasive measures in the lives of its citizens. Stefani, Marchione Di Coppo. "Rubric 643: Concerning a Mortality in the City of Florence in Which Many People Died." The Florentine Chronicle (1380): 05 Dec. 2012. <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/osheim/marchione.html> The chronicle written by Marchione Stefani di Coppo was written in the decades following the Black Death. Rubric 643 details the events of the plague in Florence and notes both some of the detrimental and beneficial effects of the plague. Particularly noted are the people who found themselves in newfound financial success in the aftermath of the plague. Also described were the symptoms of the plague itself. I used this source to show not only the positive and negative effects of the plague on the common man, but also to show how much people at that time understood the origins and nature of the plague. Street scene of a plague-infected city. Digital image. Mr. Dowling.com. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.mrdowling.com/images/703-plague.gif>. This image was used to show the devastation of the plague on the citizens of Europe. I put it in as the banner image to the Aftermath of the Plague page to show the immediate effect of total destruction on the Europeans. Two flagellants repenting. Digital image. Visualizeus. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://cdnimg.visualizeus.com/thumbs/f5/2b/black,death,flagellants,history,medi eval-f52bf0694a9707a1ff3ee8b53db34960_h.jpg>.

This image from the fourteenth century depicts two men publicly flagellating themselves in order to gain Gods forgiveness and salvation. I used this picture in the page The Black Death: A Scourge on Europe to reinforce the idea of religious fervor and enhance the pages atmosphere. Von Knigshofen, Jacob. The Confession of Agimet of Geneva, Chatel. 1348. 05 Dec. 2012. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1348jewsblackdeath.asp> This was an account of the torture and subsequent confessions of a Jew called Agimet in Chatel in 1348. I used this account to illustrate the harsh treatment that Jews received during the plague due to the Christian belief that the Jews were the ones causing all the death and destruction. Accounts like this one were often spread to many cities, so I used that fact to illustrate that discrimination against Jews was encouraged. In addition, this account shows that the Jews under torture were willing to confess to any crimes they were accused of. In the case of Agimet, he admitted to poisoning the water in several cities. This was used to show that the Jews, by confessing to their accused crimes, made the hatred of them only increase.

Secondary Sources Black Death in Europe. Digital image. Ancient and Medieval History Online. Facts on File, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. <http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE49> This map shows several useful details of the spread of the Black Death across Europe. The map was taken from an authoritative database on ancient and medieval history. This was useful for me because I was able to illustrate effectively where the plague initially entered Europe. This also provides information on where the plague was in a given year, which makes the plague easier to track across time. I used it as the banner image for the page Europe in the 1300s: Context of the Plague. Cantor, Norman F. In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World It Made. New York: Free, 2001. Print. Norman Cantor, a Middle Age historian, wrote In the Wake of the Plague as a source of information on what the effects of the Black Death were. He set aside in his book an entire chapter devoted to the conspiracy against the Jews and their persecutions. This was the chapter I most drew from, using it to support my claim that life for the Jews deteriorated especially during the Black Death. Childress, Diana. "Like Black Smoke." Calliope. N.p., Mar. 2001. Web. 5 Dec. 2012.

This newspaper article was very beneficial in the early stages of my research. The article tells the story of the Black Death in a chronological, narrative, easy to follow way. The author, Diana Childress, was a professor at the University of Pittsburgh and has written several books on world historical topics. This article traces the Black Death chronologically on its path from Asia to the Mediterranean to Europe to its conclusion. This article served as a useful timeline tool for me as I was able to refer to this to see where the plague was and when. Dunn, John M. Life During the Black Death. San Diego: Lucent, 2000. Print. John Dunn, a history teacher and writer, wrote Life During the Black Death to give readers a picture of what the average person endured throughout the plague and post-plague years. I used his book as a resource of different technologies and effects born out of the plague, as well as showing the Churchs decline in the eyes of the people. Herlihy, David, and Samuel K. Cohn. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1997. Print. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West , written by David Herlihy, a history professor at Brown University, was a most valuable source for me because I was able to use this source to apply it to modern times. This book expounded greatly on why disease study is important because of the diseases we fight today. This theme of the book was a theme of my project, and I was able to illustrate that better with the help of this book. In addition, the book provided a clear picture of what Europe was like both before and after the plague. I used this information to give context. Kelly, John. The Great Mortality. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. Print. The Great Mortality is a historical narrative concerning the Black Death. It was written in a format somewhat similar to my project; that is, it set aside a large portion at the beginning for filling the reader in on historical context. This was the section that proved most useful for me, as I was able to pull valuable facts on Europe in the medieval times to use for providing my own context in my project. Also, I used the later part of the book to show how the Black Death led ultimately to the Renaissance. The Black Death and the Burning of Jews. Digital image. Past and Present. Oxford Journals. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://past.oxfordjournals.org/content/196/1/3/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif>. This famous image depicts the burning of Jews in response to the controversy surrounding Jews and the plagues origin. I used this picture of the page The Black Death: A Scourge on Europe to show that the Christians were often merciless to the Jewish people they suspected of treachery.

The Black Death: Bubonic Plague. Digital image. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://blue.utb.edu/paullgj/geog3320/lectures/popdips2.gif>. This chart shows the population of Europes change from the year 1000 to the year 1700. The section I drew attention to was the area around 1350 to the 1400s to highlight the incredible losses the Europeans suffered during the plague and their recovery rate. I put this image in the Aftermath of the Plague page. The Printing Press. Digital image. The History Guide. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.historyguide.org/images/gutenberg.jpg>. This image of the early printing press was provided by the History Guide website. I used it on the Why Does It Matter? page to show that the Black Death led to new inventions and a better life. Two Rattus rattus rats. Digital image. Utah State University. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320Hist&Civ/slides/06plague/rats.jpg>. This photograph of two rats of the same species that carried the plague was taken and put on the Utah State University. I used this image in the Context page to show the sort of creatures that started the plague.