Bahai Combat Kit 1 of 3

CombatKit
BahaiFaith
INFORMATION
Compiledby:ShabbirAhmed Trial Edition January 01, 2009
Webaddressforfreedownload http://geocities.com/combatkit em@il:combatkit@live.com
Volume:IIIofIII

Volume Cointain Chapter1toChapter28 Chapter29toChapter57 Chapter58toChapter84
CombatKit
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July15,2008 BLUNDERSFewmore
54
Index
VolumeIofIII
Updated(Overidedon August19,2008) Updated
July01,2008 Biblechangedor unchanged? June11,2008
32
IIofIII
VolumeIIofIII
VolumeIIIofIII
UPDATESHISTORY
ChapterName
ZiQad13,1429 November12,2008 TheActualBahaiViewon Finality Ramazan04,1429 September05,2008 Sectsorbranchesofthe BahaiFaith August24,2008 BLUNDERSFewmore August10,2008 AreAlQuranandWritings ofBahaullah"fromsame Author(Allah)? 38
Chapter
41 28
Volume
IIofIII IofIII
Status
New Updated
54
IIofIII IIofIII
Updated Ammendments
UniversalAuxiliary 31 IofIII New Language Note: New It represents those chapters that has newly been added to the compilation. Updated It represents those chapters that has been updated by adding new details. Ammended It represents those chapters that has entirely been changed or updated. Overided ItrepresentsthosechaptersthathasentirelybeenOveridedthrough otherupdate(s)oramendment(s).
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INDEX
Chapter ChapterName No. VolumeIofIII 1 TheIndependentInvestigationofTruth 2 'Annulment'ofIslam 3 The'Annulment'ofIslambyBabBahaandthecompanions accordingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy 4 ClaimsofMirzaAliMuhammadBab 5 ClaimsofMirzaHusseinAliNuriBahaullah 6 Claimsofthefollowersandcompanions 7 MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)asthe"Bab"ofthe HiddenImam(theTwelfthImam) 8 MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)astheTwelfthImam 9 PositionofMirzaAliMuhammadBabaccordingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesby 10 PositionofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah"accordingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesby 11 PositionofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah 12 PositionoftheCompanionsaccordingtoShoghiEffendisGod Passesby 13 PositionofMirzaYayhaNoori SubheAzalaccordingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesby 14 OnenessofMankindORBloodthickerthanwater
15 PositionofMirzaAbbasEffendiAbdulBahaaccordingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesby 16 PraytoBaha'u'llah 17 TitlesofBahaullahinbahaiscripture 18 TitlesoftheBabinbahaiscripture 19 Yazharahullaho 'HeWhoAllahShallManifest' 20 UnletteredMirzaAliMuhammadShirazi Bab??? 21 UnletteredMirzaHusseinAliNuri Bahaullah??? 22 Racism 23 UniversalityoftheBahaiFaith 24 ProcessofGrowthandunfoldment 25 RoleofForeignPowersintheOriginandGrowthoftheBahaiFaith; accourdingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy 26 WhoistheParacletepropheciedbyEsa(Jesus)(Peacebeupon him):Muhammad(Peacebeuponhim)orMirzaHussinAliNuri Bahaullah? 27 ShaykhiSect:TheforerunnertotheMirzaAliMuhammadBab 28 SectsorbranchesoftheBayani(Babi)Faith
VolumeII ofIII
29 SectsorbranchesoftheBahaiFaith 30 Taqaiyyah:(Dissimulation)intheBahaiFaith 31 UniversalAuxiliaryLanguage
32 Biblechangedorunchanged? 33 BiblicaldiscrepanciesinShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy
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50 What'ATraveller'sNarrativehastosay! 51 TheDictionaryMeaningofKhatam 52 VirginBirthofJesus(PeaceBeUponHim) 34 Blunders,errorsandpointstobehighlightedinShoghiEffendis GodPassesBy 35 WhywasthehistoryoftheBabaltered? 36 AnExaminationofSuppressionandDistortionin20thCentury Baha'iLiterature 37 RecantationofClaimsbyMirzaAliMuhammadSharaziBab 38 AreAlQuranandWritingsofBahaullah"fromsameAuthor(Allah) 39 JesusChristPeaceBeUponHim;Washecrucifiedorkilled? 40 MessengerofGodORProphet 41 TheActualBahaiViewonFinality 42 Afewunansweredquestions 43 COVENANT:fromMirzaHussineAli(Bahaullah)totheYear2000 44 Coveant:SomeBasicsrelatedtoTHEBAHCOVENANT 45 JustificationofUniversalHouseofJustice'sexistencewithoutthe Guardian 46 RighttoExpelBelievers 47 EmbryonicUniversalHouseofJustice(TheInternationalBah' Council) 48 SomeAnsweredQuestions;byMirzaAbbasEffendi 49 TheWritingsofBab,BahaandTheCompanions;accordingto ShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy 63 BibliographyfortheTabletsofBaha'u'llah 64 WritingsofBb 65 WritingsofBah'u'llh 66 NumbersofTabletsrevealed 53 TheviolentwayoftheBabandtheBabis 54 BLUNDERS:Fewmore 55 Why?
Index
56 VerdictonPhotographsof"Baha'u'llah"andWritingsof"Covenant breakers"andother"EnemiesoftheFaith" 57 FewmoreoutofMany
VolumeIII ofIII
58 BahasFamilyChart 59 WivesofMirzaHusseinAli Bahaullah 60 ApostlesofMirzaHusseinAli Bah'u'llh 61 HandsoftheCauseofGod 62 Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'HeraldsoftheCovenant
67 TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAftertheKitbiAqdas 68 TabletsoftheDivinePlan 69 UniversalHouseofJustice
70 LettersoftheLiving 71 MrzAbu'lFadl 72 MirzaYahyaNuriSubhiAzal 73 TheGuardianshipofShoghiEffendi:LossesandLosses 74 FtimihBaraghnThirih 75 Bayn 76 CalenderBahaiCalender 77 JohnEsslemont 78 MrzÀlMuhammadVarq 79 NabliA`zamMullMuhammadiZarand 80 MarthaLouiseRoot 81 ChronologyofpersecutionsofBabisandBaha'is 82 Keytosources 83 ObligatoryBah'prayers 84 ScanedDocuments
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54
IIofIII
Index
INDEXAlphabeticalorder
ChapterName Chapter Volume No.
BLUNDERS:Fewmore
76 81 4 5 6 44 IIIofIII IIIofIII IofIII IofIII IofIII IIofIII
CalenderBahaiCalender 42 36 IIofIII ChronologyofpersecutionsofBabisandBaha'is IIofIII ClaimsofMirzaAliMuhammadBab 2 60 38 IofIII IIIofIII IIofIII ClaimsofMirzaHusseinAliNuriBahaullah Claimsofthefollowersandcompanions Coveant:SomeBasicsrelatedtoTHEBAH COVENANT COVENANT:fromMirzaHussineAli (Bahaullah)totheYear2000
Afewunansweredquestions AnExaminationofSuppressionandDistortion in20thCenturyBaha'iLiterature 'Annulment'ofIslam ApostlesofMirzaHusseinAliBah'u'llh AreAlQuranandWritingsofBahaullah"from sameAuthor(Allah)
43
IIofIII
58 75 32 33 IIIofIII IIIofIII IIofIII IIofIII
"BahasFamilyChart Bayn Biblechangedorunchanged? BiblicaldiscrepanciesinShoghiEffendisGod PassesBy BibliographyfortheTabletsofBaha'u'llah Blunders,errorsandpointstobehighlightedin ShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy
D E
62 IIIofIII
Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'Heraldsofthe Covenant
47 IIofIII
63 34
IIIofIII IIofIII
EmbryonicUniversalHouseofJustice(The InternationalBah'Council)
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Index
74 57 IIIofIII IIofIII
80 40 78 71 7 IIIofIII IIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII IofIII
FtimihBaraghnThirih FewmoreoutofMany
MarthaLouiseRoot MessengerofGodORProphet MrzÀlMuhammad Varq MrzAbu'lFadl
H J
61 IIIofIII
HandsoftheCauseofGod
MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)as the"Bab"oftheHiddenImam(theTwelfth Imam) MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)as theTwelfthImam MirzaYahyaNuri SubhiAzal
IofIII
JesusChristPeaceBeUponHim;Washe crucifiedorkilled? JohnEsslemont JustificationofUniversalHouseofJustice's existencewithouttheGuardian
39
IIofIII
72
IIIofIII
77 45
IIIofIII IIofIII
79 66 IIIofIII IIIofIII
NabliA`zamMullMuhammadiZarand
K L
82 IIIofIII
NumbersofTabletsrevealed
Keytosources
83 14 IIIofIII IofIII
ObligatoryBah'prayers OnenessofMankindORBloodthickerthan water
LettersoftheLiving
70
IIIofIII
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(BahaiFaith)
25
IofIII
Index
15 IofIII
RoleofForeignPowersintheOriginand GrowthoftheBahaiFaith;accourdingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesBy
PositionofMirzaAbbasEffendiAbdulBaha accordingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesby PositionofMirzaAliMuhammadBab accordingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesby PositionofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah" accordingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesby PositionofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah PositionofMirzaYayhaNooriSubheAzal accordingtoShoghiEffendisGodPassesby PositionoftheCompanionsaccordingto ShoghiEffendisGodPassesby PraytoBaha'u'llah ProcessofGrowthandunfoldment
84 29 28 27 IIIofIII IIofIII IofIII IofIII
IofIII ScanedDocuments
10
IofIII
SectsorbranchesoftheBahaiFaith SectsorbranchesoftheBayani(Babi)Faith
11 13
IofIII IofIII ShaykhiSect:TheforerunnertotheMirzaAli MuhammadBab 'SomeAnsweredQuestions;byMirza Abbas Effendi
48
IIofIII
12
IofIII
16 24
IofIII IofIII
68 30 41 3 IIIofIII IIofIII IIofIII IofIII
TabletsoftheDivinePlan
22 37 IofIII IIofIII
Taqaiyyah:(Dissimulation)intheBahaiFaith TheActualBahaiViewonFinality
Racism RecantationofClaimsbyMirzaAliMuhammad SharaziBab RighttoExpelBelievers
The'Annulment'ofIslambyBabBahaand thecompanionsaccordingtoShoghiEffendis GodPassesBy TheDictionaryMeaningofKhatam
46
IIofIII
51
IIofIII
TheGuardianshipofShoghiEffendi:Lossesand Losses TheIndependentInvestigationofTruth TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfterthe KitbiAqdas TheviolentwayoftheBabandtheBabis TheWritingsofBab,BahaandThe Companions;accordingtoShoghiEffendis GodPassesBy TitlesofBahaullahinbahaiscripture TitlesoftheBabinbahaiscripture 73 IIIofIII
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56
IIofIII
Index
VerdictonPhotographsof"Baha'u'llah"and Writingsof"Covenantbreakers"andother "EnemiesoftheFaith" VirginBirthofJesus(PeaceBeUponHim)
1 67
IofIII 52 IIofIII IIIofIII
53 49
IIofIII IIofIII
50 26 IIofIII IofIII
What'ATraveller'sNarrativehastosay! WhoistheParacletepropheciedbyEsa (Jesus)(Peacebeuponhim):Muhammad (Peacebeuponhim)orMirzaHussinAliNuri Bahaullah? WhywasthehistoryoftheBabaltered? Why? WivesofMirzaHusseinAli Bahaullah
17 18
IofIII IofIII
35 55 59 64 65
IIofIII IIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII
31 69 23 20 IIofIII
UniversalAuxiliaryLanguage UniversalHouseofJustice UniversalityoftheBahaiFaith UnletteredMirzaAliMuhammadShirazi Bab??? UnletteredMirzaHusseinAliNuri Bahaullah???
WritingsofBb IIIofIII WritingsofBah'u'llh IofIII IofIII
19 IofIII
21
IofIII
Yazharahullaho 'HeWhoAllahShallManifest'
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BahasFamilyChart
INFORMATION
INFORMATION BahasFamilyChart
wasgiventhetitleNavvbbywhichsheisbestknownwithinBah'circles.She diedin1886inÀkk. Sheborehim: 1. 2. 3. Navvbboreatleastthreeotherchildren,butduetotheirearlydeathslittleis knownaboutthem Sdiqwhodiedaged34 AlMuhammadwhodiedinMzandarnattheageof7 AlMuhammadwhowasbornanddiedinBaghdadattheageof2 1. Abbas Abbas BahiyyaorSultan MrzMihd
MirzaHusaynAliCommonlycalledBahaorBahaullahwasthefounderand prophetoftheBah'Faith.Hewasbornin1817toKhadjihKhnumandMrz BuzurgofNur(intheprovinceofMazandaran),aPersianman,andwentontobe a follower of Islam than follower in the Bb movement/Faith, and then establishedtheBah'Faithin1863. Hemarried: A. Asiya B. BiBiFatima C. A. AsiyasurnamedNawwaba(Highness) Asiya is stated to have been surnamed the mother of the Universe. This is denied by the followers of Mirza Muhammad Ali and dismissed as devoid of historicalfoundation. Tohisfirstwife(Asiya)hegavethetitleNawwaba,becauseshewasthedaughter ofNawwabofTehran(AlKawakibalDurriyyabyAwara,vol.II.,p.4;Materials, p.62). syih was Bah'u'llh's first and bestknown wife. She was a daughter of a nobleman, Mirza Isma'iliVazir. Her date of birth is not known. They married sometimebetween24Septemberand22October,1835inTehranandshehad seven of Bah'u'llh's children, of whom only three made to adulthood. She Gawhar
Bornin1844anddied1921HewastheoldestchildofsyihandBah'u'llh. HewasvariouslyreferredtobyBah'u'llhas"MysteryofGod","TheMaster", "PerfectExemplar"and"theMostGreatBranch".Abdu'lBahwentontobe the Centre of the Covenant of the Bah' Faith after the death of His father. Duringthistime,heboreattacksfromhishalfbrotherMuhammadÀl,whowas notgivenaleadershiproleorauthoritybyBah'u'llh.MuhammadÀlclaimed thatAbdu'lBahwastakingontoomuchauthority;Bah'srefutethisclaimby citing Bah'u'llh's LawhiGhusn (Tablet of the Branch) (National Spiritual AssemblyoftheBah'softheUnitedStates(ed.)[1943](1976).Bah'World Faith:SelectedWritingsofBha'u'llhandAbdu'lBah,pp.204207),Kitbi Ahd (The Book of the Covenant) (Bah'u'llh [187392] (1994). Tablets of
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Bah'u'llh Revealed After the KitbiAqdas, pp. 219223), and the Kitbi Aqdas(TheMostHolyBook) (Bah'u'llh[1873](1992).TheKitbiAqdas:The Most Holy Book, para. 121) as clear appointments of Abdu'lBah as his sole successor and interpreter of his writings. The struggle led to increasingly deteriorating prison conditions until Abdu'lBah was released after the TurkishRevolution. DuringBah'u'llh'slifetime,hereferredtohiseldestson,Abbs,bytermssuch as"Sirru'llh"(MysteryofGod),or"Sarkriq"(theMaster).Afterthepassing ofBah'u'llh,hechosethetitle"Abdu'lBah"(ServantofBah). 2. BahiyyaorSultansurnamedtheSupremeLeaf(WaraqaiUlya). Shediedaspinster.
them.ShoghiEffendiinparticularfelthersupportduringdifficulttimessuchas the passing of Abdu'lBah, and in the years afterwards when she was entrusted with the Faith when he was absent from the Bah' World Center in Haifa. Shediedon15July1932wasburiedintheBah'gardensbelowtheBah'Arc on Mount Carmel not farfrom her twobrothers and mother. The shock to the administrationmeantthatreligiousfestivalsweresuspendedforninemonths. 3. MrzMihd
BahyyihKhnumin1895 Born in 1846 she was called Bahyyih Khnum and entitled the Greatest holy Leaf.ShewasparticularlydeartoherfatherandisseenwithintheBah'Faithas oneofthegreatestwomentohavelived: "Verily, We have elevated thee to the rank of one of the most distinguished among thy sex, and granted thee, in My court, a station such as none other woman hath surpassed." (Baha'u'llah, quoted in The Bah World, vol. V, p. 171) ShestoodbyandremainedfaithfultotheCentersoftheCovenantoveryearsof infighting within the Bah'u'llh's family that led to the expelling of many of MrzMihdin1868 Bornin1848andentitledthePurestBranch,MrzMihddiedon23June1870. He was chanting QasidiyiVarqa'iyyih (a poem written by Bah'u'llh in Kurdistan) (Bah'u'llh [1873] (1992). The KitbiAqdas: The Most Holy Book, para.121)whenhefellthroughaskylightintheprisoncityofÀkkwhilepacing backandforthinprayerandmeditation.Hewas22atthetime. The death is significant as Bah's believe that Bah'u'llh offered him the chanceofbeingcured,howeverhechosetousehislifeasasacrificesothatthe prisongateswouldopenandthepilgrimswouldbeabletovisitBah'u'llhin prison.Itreflectedoneofthetoughesttimesforthem,butrestrictionsonthem
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INFORMATION
didliftintheyearstocomewiththemeventuallybeingallowedtoliveashort distanceoutsidetheprisoncity. MrzMihdwaseventuallyburiedalongsidehismotherinthegardensbelowthe Bah'ArconMountCarmelinHaifanearhisbrotherandsister. B. BiBiFatimasurnamedtheSupremeCradle(MahdiUlya), FatimasurnamedtheSupremeCradle(MahdiUlya)bornin1828andgenerally knownasMahdi'Ulya,FatimihwasoneofBah'u'llh'sfirstcousins,andlater become his second wife. They married in 1849 in Tehran and she had six of Bah'u'llh'schildren,ofwhomonlyfoursurvivedtoadulthood.Shewassaidto have harbored great enmity towards Abdu'lBah. She died in 1904, BiBi FatimaandherfourchildrenwereexcommunicatedbyAbbasEffendi.Tohis secondwife(BiBiFatima)hegavethetitleTheSupremeCradle[atitlereserved for the QueenMother in Iran, T.A p. 361] (alKawakib, ibid, p.8; Materials, p.63) Sheborehim: 4.MuhammadAli 5.Samadiyya 6.Ziyaullah 7.Badiullah BiBiFatima(Mahdi'Ulya)boreatleasttwootherchildren: 4. MuhammadAli Born in Baghdad in approximately 1852, his father called him the "Greater Branch". When Bah'u'llh declared Abdu'lBah his successor, he set that Muhammad Àl was next in rank after him. (Bah'u'llh [187392] (1994). ÀlMuhammadwhodiedattheageof2inBaghdad SdhajiyyaKhnimwhowasborninBaghdadanddiedattheageof2in Constantinople
TabletsofBah'u'llhRevealedAftertheKitbiAqdas,p.221).WhenAbdu'l Bahdied,hisWillwentintogreatdetailabouthowMuhammadÀlhadbeen unfaithful to the Covenant, labelling him a Covenantbreaker (Àbdu'lBah [190108](1992).TheWillAndTestamentofAbdulBah,p.5),andappointing ShoghiEffendihissuccessorinstead. Muhammad Àl is often described as the "ArchBreaker of Bah'u'llh's Covenant"(ShoghiEffendi(1944).GodPassesBy,p.263&p.317).Hediedin 1937. 5. Samadiyya,(married37)
She was born at Baghdad. Married Majdu'dDin (son of Bah'u'llh's faithful brother AqayiKalim also known as Mirz Musa), who was one of Abdu'l Bah's greatest critics. Both were eventually declared Covenantbreakers. She diedatage49in1904/5andherhusbanddiedatoveronehundredyearsofage in1955. 6. Ziyaullah
Relatively little is known about Dy'u'llh (Ziyaullah), so it is difficult to piece togetheranaccurateaccountofhislife,butwedoknow: Born15August1864inEdirne(moderndayAdrianople) MarriedThurayya He swayed between the two sides in hisbrothers' argument, anddied before taking part in an act against Abdu'lBah, but has still been labelledaCovenantbreaker Hediedin30October1898(withoutissue)andwasburiedintheroom nexttowhereBah'u'llhwasburied Hisbodywasmovedbyrelativestoabuildingcoveringthegraveofhis brotherMuhammadÀl In 1965 the Universal House of Justice removed his body from the vicinityoftheShrineofBah'u'llhasanactofpurification.(Bah'u'llh [187392] (1994). Tablets of Bah'u'llh Revealed After the Kitbi Aqdas,p.221).) 7. Badiullah
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C. Gawhar,
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10. Tuba 11. Ruha 12. Munawwar. 9.HadiAfnanmarriedZiyaiyya(9)whoborehim: 13. Shoghi 14. RuhAngiz(married25) 15. MihrAngiz(married28) 16. Husayn 17. Riyadh
BahasFamilyChart
INFORMATION
GawharwasBah'u'llh'sthirdwife.TheyaresaidtohavemarriedinBaghdad some time before he declared his mission. When Bah'u'llh left Baghdad in 1863 she and her daughter stayed and lived with her brother Mirza Mihdiyi Kashani.Later,onherwaytojoinBah'u'llhandthefamilysheisreportedto havebeentakencaptivealongwithotherbelievers,andforsomeyearsshewas among the Bah' refugees in Mosul. She later went to Akk at Bah'u'llh's instruction. (Letter from Universal House of Justice: 1998, Apr 06, MemorandumreWivesofBah'u'llh) GawharmayhavebeenamaidofthefirstwifeofBah'u'llhwhenhemarried her.(JuanCole.ABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah) Both mother and daughter were declared Covenantbreakers by Mirza Abbas Effendi after the death of Bah'u'llh. Gawhar died during the ministry of Abdu'lBah,thusbetween1892and1921. Sheborehim: 8. Furughiyya RelativelylittleisknownaboutFurughiyyihsoitisdifficulttowriteadocumented account.Whatisknownis: Until her mother moved to Akk, she was raised by her in the area aroundMosul ShemarriedSiyyidAli(thesonoftheBb'sbrotherinlaw)on17May 1886andborehimtwosons She, her husband and her children (in particular her eldest Nayyir), all rebelled against Abdu'lBah's authority as Centre of the Covenant, andbecameCovenantbreakers AccordingtoShoghiEffendishediedofcancer(dateunknown) 1.AbbasMarriedMunira,whoborehim: 9. Ziyaiyya
13to15weresurnamedRabbani.MirzaHadiAfnanandtheirchildren(1417) wereexcommunicatedbyShoghiEffendi(13),onwhomthetitleofEffendiwas conferredbyMirzaAbbasEffendi. 10. MuhsinAfnanmarriedTuba(10),whoborehim: 18. Ruhi(married23) 19. Suhayl 20. Thuraiyya(married27) Muhsin Afnan, Tuba and their children were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi. 11.JalalShahidmarriedRuha(11)whoborehim: 21. Munir 22. Hasan 23. Zahra(married18) JalalShahid,RuhaandtheirchildrenwereexcommunicatedbyShoghiEffendi. 12.AhmadYazdimarriedMunawwar(12).Nofurtherdetailfound. AhmadYazdiandMunawwarwereexcommunicatedbyShoghiEffendi. 8.SayyidAliAfnanmarriedFurughiyya(8)whoborehim:
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24. Husayn 25. Nayyir(married14) 26. Hasan(married15) 27. Fawzi(married20)
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Sayyid Ali Afnan, and Furughiyya were excommunicated by Abbas Effendi. Their children were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi and Husayn posthumously. 4.MuhammadAli(4)married: i)Masuma,whoborehim: 28. Shuaullah 29. Aminullah ii)Hizariyyawhoborehim: 30. Musa(married35) MirzaMuhammadAli,hiswivesandchildrenwereexcommunicatedbyAbbas Effendi. 5.MajdalDinMusa(38)marriedSamadiyya(5)whoborehim: 31. Maryam 32. ZarAzngiz MajdalDin Musa, Samadiyya and their children were excommunicated by AbbasEffendi. 6.Ziyaullah(6)marriedThuraiyyaSamandar.Nofurtherdetailfound. ZiyaullahandhiswifewereexcommunicatedbyAbbasEffendi. 7. BadiullahmarriedAliya,whoborehim: 38. MajdalDin(married5) 39. Jamil 40. Jalal/Jaleh 41. Hizaiyya(married4) Note: One ofBah'u'llh's titlesis Sadratu'lMuntah, which translates from Arabic as the tree beyond which there is no passing. In this connection, Bah'u'llh entitledhisdescendantsasfollows: His male descendants were given the title of Aghsn (Arabic for "Branches") which in singular form is "Ghusn". In particular, three of his sons were given specific"branch"titles 33. Sazitch 34. Salah 35. Ghamarmarried 36. Iffat 37. Ismat(marriedJalalAzal) Badiullah,AliyaandtheirchildrenwereexcommunicatedbyAbbasEffendi. BahasfullbrotherMusasurnamedKalim(Interlocutor)becausehetalkedwith god,Baha.Hischildren:
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Àbdu'lBah (given name, Abbs): GhusniA`zam (Arabic) "The Most GreatBranch") Mrz Muhammad Àl: GhusniAkbar, (Arabic) "The Greater Branch") (Note1) MrzMihd:Ghusnithr,(Arabic)"ThePurestBranch").
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HisdaughtersweregiventhetitleofAfnn(translatedfromArabicas"Leaves"). This title should not be confused with the Afnn title given by Bah'u'llh to the maternal relatives of the Bb, which is translated as "twigs", and was adopted by their descendants as a surname. Thus Bah'u'llh's eldest daughter,Bahyyih(givenname,Fatimih),wasgiventhetitleoftheGreatestHoly Leaf. Note1: GhusniAzamandGhusniAkbarcanbothbetranslatedas"thegreatbranch", "thegreaterbranch"or"themostgreatbranch".Azamcarriesahigherstatusin Arabic, so Bah' authors and others translate Àbdu'lBah's title as "Most Great" and Muhammad Àl's title as "Greater" (Taherzadeh, 2000, p. 256.). Some authors have reversed the English translations (Maulana, 1933, p.56). HoweverthedesignationsofGhusniAzamandGhusniAkbarareclear. (Browne,1918,p.61,&p.85)
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WivesofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah
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WivesofMirzaHusseinAliBahaullah
Mirza Hussein Ali had three wives, when his religion teaches monogamy, has beenthesubjectofcriticism.Therearefactsandspeculation. Mirza Hussein Ali had three concurrent wives according to his greatgrandson ShoghiEffendi. Bah'marriagelawswerewrittenintheKitbiAqdasmorethantenyearsafter his last marriage. These set a limit to two wives and no concubines on the condition of justice. (Bah'u'llh [1873] (1992). The KitbiAqdas: The Most HolyBook,para.63)ThiswaslaterinterpretedbyAbdu'lBahasimpossible, thusestablishingmonogamy.(Bah'u'llh[1873](1992).TheKitbiAqdas:The MostHolyBook,pp.205206) JuanColehasspeculatedthathislastmarriagetoGawharKhanumappearedto havebeenaProformatemporarymarriagemutàhofasortrequiredofShiìte lawwhereamanhadaliveinmaidandGawharKhanumhadbeenbroughtinto thehouseholdintheShiìteKarkhdistrictinordertoserveAsiyihKhanum.There islittleevidencetosupportthisotherthanGawhardidnotfollowBah'u'llhas closelyashisothertwowives.(JuanCole.ABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah) ButBaha'iapologia The general view amongMirza Hussein Alis family and Bah's today is that all the wives were legal and equal. The question about how this conforms to religiouslawisaddresseddirectlyintwolettersfromUniversalHouseofJustice quotingShoghiEffenditwice: Bah'u'llh had no concubine, He had three legal wives. As He married them before the "Aqdas" (His book of laws) was revealed, He was only acting accordingtothelawsofIslm,whichhadnotyetbeensuperseded.Hemade plurality of wives conditional upon justice; Àbdu'lBah interpreted this to meanthatamanmaynothavemorethanonewifeatatime,asitisimpossible tobejusttotwoormorewomeninmarriage. ...Bah'u'llh married the first and second wives while He was still in Tihrn, and the third wife while He was in Baghdd. At that time, the Laws of the
"Aqdas" had not been revealed, and secondly, He was following the Laws of the previous Dispensation and the customs of the people of His own land. (LetterfromUniversalHouseofJustice:1998,April06,MemorandumreWives ofBah'u'llh) Bah'sourcesarguethatpolygamyisanancientpracticeandotherreligionsdid notrequiremonogamy(UniversalHouseofJustice,(1996),p.449,andLetters fromUniversalHouseofJustice,October23,1995,June27,1996,andApril06, 1998). Under the Law of Moses a man could take as many wives as he chose. Jesus did not prohibit polygamy, and used parables with polygamous marriage incorporated into them. In the Arabian peninsula Muhammad peace be upon himintroducedalimitoffourwivestomenwhowereaccustomedtohundreds. The Bah' Faith slowly introduced monogamy to a region that considered polygamy a righteous lifestyle. Note 89 of the KitbiAqdas comments on the verseinquestion: Bahullh,WhowasrevealingHisTeachingsinthemilieuofaMuslimsociety, introduced the question of monogamy gradually in accordance with the principlesofwisdomandtheprogressiveunfoldmentofHispurpose.Thefact thatHeleftHisfollowerswithaninfallibleInterpreterofHisWritingsenabled HimtooutwardlypermittwowivesintheKitbiAqdasbutupholdacondition thatenabledAbdulBahtoelucidatelaterthattheintentionofthelawwas toenforcemonogamy.(SynopsisandCodification...oftheKitabiAqdas,note 89)
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Effendi,theGuardianoftheBah'Faith,andthelistwasincludedinTheBah' World,Vol.III(pp.8081). 1MrzMs 2Bad' 3Sultnu'shShuhada' (KingofMartyrs) 4HjAmn 5MrzAbu'lFadl 6Varq 7MrzMahmd 8Habj khnd 9NabliAkbar 10Vaklu'dDawlih 11IbniAbhar 12NabliA'zam 13Samandar 14Mrz Mustaf 15MishknQalam 16Adb 17Shaykh Muhammad'Al 18Zaynu'lMuqarrabn 19IbniAsdaq
Shoghi Effendi referred to Martha Root as "that unique and greathearted apostleofBah'u'llh",butsheisnotconsideredoneofthenineteenApostles designatedassuchbyShoghiEffendi.(Baha'iAdministration,p.112) This picture of the Apostles was taken from Balyuzi's book on pg. 262 [Balyuzi, H.M.(1985).EminentBah'sinthetimeofBah'u'llh.TheCamelotPressLtd, Southampton.]
Notability
ManyofthestoriesoftheApostlesarewellknowntoBah's.Prominentamong themare: ApostlesofBah'u'llhwerenineteeneminentearlyfollowersofBah'u'llh, thefounderoftheBah'Faith.TheapostlesweredesignatedassuchbyShoghi BadThe17yearoldwhodeliveredBah'u'llh'stablettoNassiru'd DinShahandwassubsequentlymartyred. Sultnu'shShuhada' The King of Martyrs of Isfahan who was beheadedwithhisbrother Mrz Abu'lFadl Thefamous scholar who travelled asfar asAmerica andwroteseveralnotablebooksabouttheBah'Faith Varq The father of Rhu'llh. The two were killed at the same time andwithgreatheroism
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NabliAkbar Famous teacher of the Faith, and recipient of several tabletsfromBah'u'llh NabliA`zamTheauthorofTheDawnbreakers MishknQalam Noteworthy calligrapher of his time and designer of TheGreatestName.
INFORMATION
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TheHandsoftheCauseofGodareaselectgroupofBah's,appointedforlife, whose main function is to propagate and protect the Bah' Faith on the internationallevel. According to The Will and Testament of Abdu'lBah, they are to be nominated and appointed by the Guardian of the Cause of God and are to be underhisdirectionandobeyhiscommand.(pp.12,13)
Thetitleisnolongergivenout.AsofJune2006thereisonlyonelivingHandof theCauseDr.Varq.TheworkoftheHandsoftheCauseisnowcarriedoutby theContinentalCounsellersandtheAuxiliaryBoards. TherewerefiftyHandsoftheCauseinall,fournamedbyBah'u'llh,fourby Abdu'lBah and fortytwo by Shoghi Effendi (including ten posthumously). TwentysevenHandswerealivewhenShoghiEffendidiedin1957. The most complete list of the Hands available is from "The Bah' World: Vol XIV". The Universal House of Justice has confirmed that this list may not be complete,andthatastudyofthelettersandarchivesmayrevealothersnamed tothisstation. AppointedbyMirzaHusseinAliBah'u'llh 1. HajMullÀlAkbar(18421910),knownasHajkhnd 2. HjMrzMuhammadTaq(d.1917),knownasIbniAbhra 3. MrzMuhammadHasan(18481919),knownasAdb 4. MrzÀliMuhammad(d.1928),knownasIbniAsdaq AppointedbyMirzaAbbasEffendiAbdu'lBah 1. AqaMuhammadiQa'ini(18291892),knownasNabliAkbar qMuammadiQ'in(18291892)alsoknownasFadiliQa'ini(theLearned OneofQa'n)surnamedNabliAkbarwasadistinguishedBah'fromthetown ofQ'in.Heisoneof19ApostlesofBah'u'llh,andreferredtobyAbdu'l BahasaHandoftheCauseofGod. In the abjad notation the name 'Muhammad' has the same numerical value as 'Nabl'. NabliAkbar was the recipient of a tablet from Bah'u'llh, the Tablet of Wisdom. Abdu'lBahhasrecounted, "There was, in the city of Najaf, among the disciples of the widely known mujtahid,ShaykhMurtada,amanwithoutlikenessorpeer.HisnamewasAqa MuhammadiQa'ini, and later on he would receive, from the Manifestation, thetitleofNabiliAkbar.Thiseminentsoulbecametheleadingmemberofthe mujtahid's company of disciples. Singled out from among them all, he alone wasgiventherankofmujtahidforthelateShaykhMurtadawasneverwont toconferthisdegree. "Heexcellednotonlytheologybutinotherbranchesofknowledge,suchasthe humanities,thephilosophyoftheIlluminati,theteachingsofthemysticsand of the Shaykhi School. He was a universal man, in himself alone a convincing proof. When his eyes were opened to the light of Divine guidance, and he
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breathed in the fragrances of Heaven, he became a flame of God. Then his heart leapt within him, and in an ecstasy of joy and love, he roared out like leviathaninthedeep."(Àbdu'lBah[1971](1997).MemorialsoftheFaithful, Softcover,Wilmette,Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust.,p.1) Nabl completed his studentship under Shaykh MurtadayiAnsari, and after he hadobtainedhissanctionandblessing,NablmovedfromNajaftoBaghdad.This teacher was the same Shaykh who refused to associate himself with the Shi'ih divinesgatheredtogethertoconcertplansagainstBah'u'llhduringhistimein Baghdad. Ithasbeenclaimedthat"noonewithintheenclaveoftheBah'Faithhasever surpassed the profundity of his erudition". As far as the accomplishment demanded of a Shi'ih mujtahid is concerned, his attainment was superb, but naturally he had little knowledge of the lore and the scholarship of the West. Mrz Abu'lFadl of Gulpygn, on the other hand, was well versed in Islamic studies and had a wide and comprehensive knowledge of Western thought as well. (Balyuzi, Hasan (1985). Eminent Bah's in the time of Bah'u'llh. The CamelotPressLtd,Southampton) 2. Mirza'AlMuhammadVarq(d.1896),thefatherofRhu'llh 3. MullaSadiqiMuqaddas,entitledIsmu'llahu'lAsdaq 4. ShaykhMuhammadRidayiYazdi AppointedposthumouslybyShoghiEffendi 1. JohnEbenezerEsslemont(18741925) 2. HjAmn(18171928) 3. KeithRamsomKehler(18761933) 4. MarthaRoot(18721939) 5. HydeDunn(18551941) 6. SiyyidMustafRm(d.1942) 7. Abdu'lJalilBeySa'd(d.1942) 8. MuhammedTaqiyiIsfahani(d.1946) 9. RoyC.Wilhelm(18751951) 10. LouisGeorgeGregory(18741951) Firstcontingent,appointed24December1951byShoghiEffendi.
HandsoftheCauseattheirplenarymeeting,April1963 1. DorothyBeecherBaker(18981954) 2. AmeliaEngelderCollins(18731962) 3. ÀlAkbarFurtan(19052003) 4. UgoGiachery(18961989) 5. HermannGrossmann(18991968) 6. HoraceHotchkissHolley(18871960) 7. LeroyC.Ioas(18961965) 8. WilliamSutherlandMaxwell(18741952) 9. Tarz'u'llhSamandar(18741968) 10. Valyu'llhVarq(18841955) 11. GeorgeTownshend(18761957) 12. CharlesMasonRemey(18741974) Secondcontingent,appointed29February1952byShoghiEffendi 1. SiegfriedSchopflocher(18771953) 2. Shu''u'llhÀl'(18891984) 3. MsBann(18861971) 4. ClaraDunn(18691960) 5. Dhikru'llhKhdim(19041986) 6. AdelbertMhlschlegel(18971980) 7. CorinneKnightTrue(18611961) AppointedbyShoghiEffendi[yearofappointment] 1. Amatu'lBahR yyihKhnum(19102000)[1952] 2. JallKh ih(18971990)[1953](alsotransliteratedJalalKhazeh)
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3. 4. 5. PaulEdmondHaney(19091982)[1954] ÀlMuhammadVarq(b.1912)[1955] AgnesBaldwinAlexander(18751971)[1957]
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Lastcontingent,appointed2October1957byShoghiEffendi 1. HasanMuvaqqarBalyz(19081980) 2. Abu'lQsimFaizi(19061980) 3. JohnGrahamFerraby(19141973) 4. HaroldCollisFeatherstone(19131990) 5. Rahmatu'llhMuhjir(19231979) 6. EnochOlinga(19261979) 7. JohnAldhamRobarts(19011991) 8. WilliamSears(19111992)
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INFORMATION Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'Heraldsofthe Covenant
Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'Heraldsofthe Covenant
Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Bah' Faith, designated nineteen Western Bah'sasDisciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'HeraldsoftheCovenant': 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Dr.JohnE.Esslemont ThorntonChase HowardMacNutt SarahFarmer HippolyteDreyfussBarney LillianKappes RobertTurner Dr.ArthusBrauns LuaGetsinger JosephHannan ChesterI.Thatcher CharlesGreenleaf Mrs.J.D.Brittingham Mrs.Thornburgh HelenS.Goodall ArthurP.Dodge WilliamH.Hoar Dr.J.G.Augur
TheBah'World,vol.III,pp.845 TheBah'World,vol.IV,pp.11819
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BibliographyfortheTabletsofBaha'u'llah
ListofcitationsandresourcesforTabletsrevealed 18531863,18631868,18681877&18771892
INFORMATION
List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1853-1863
Overviewsofthisperiod 185363,TabletsinbothArabicandPersian Manyoftheseworkshaven'tbeenauthoritativelytranslated Brief mention by Baha'u'llah of this period Epistle to the Son of the Wold 22; overview God Passes By 12024, 137; Revelation of Baha'u'llah vol. 1 in toto; Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory11522 OverviewsofthisperiodcanbefoundinJohnHatcherOceanofHisWords77 80;PeterSmithTheBabiandBaha'iReligions6265;JuanCole"Baha'u'llahand the Naqshbandi Sufis" in From Iran East to West: Studies in Babi and Baha'i Historyvol.2;KamranEkbal"TheZoroastrianHeritageofthe'MaidofHeaven'" inScriptureandRevelation131 NameofTablet:AzBghiIlh(FromTheGardenofHoliness) Briefnotes:AlternatingPersianandArabic. PrimarySources:Gan66(incomplete) Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Revelation of Baha'u'llahvol.1211,21820 NameofTablet:FourValleys(ChiharVadi) Brief notes : late Baghdad, 18581862. Persian. Addressee Shaykh Abdu'r RahmanofKarkuk PrimarySources:AQA3140157.Trans.byGail&Khanpublishedinnumerous forms. A partial academic prov. trans. by Juan Cole posted Irfan Nov/Dec 96 exists. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mentions God Passes By 12022 and 140; brief mention in Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 163; discussion Revelation of Baha'u'llah vol.1 104; mention of recipient Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.162
JulioSaviexploresthemesofTabletin"Will,Knowledge,andLoveasExplainedin Baha'u'llah's Four Valleys" in the Journal of Baha'i Studies 6:1 (1994), available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/jbs.61.savi.html; overview of history Bijan Ma'sumian "Bah'u'llh's Seclusion in Kurdistan" in Deepen magazine, available online at http://bahailibrary.com/ articles/kurdistan.masumian.html; John Walbridge discusses these in Sacred Acts, Sacred Space, Sacred Time, 157158 and 288; David Langness meditates on the Tablet in "Mystical Content and Symbology of Baha'u'llah's Four Valleys," available online at http://bahai library.com/essays/four.valleys.html;passingmentionsJackMcLeanDimensions of Spirituality 78; Zaid Lundberg Bah' Apocalypticism: The Concept of Progressive Revelation, available only online at bahailibrary.com/ theses/apocalyptic/apocalypticism.05.html;seealsostudentpapersonTabletat bahailibrary.com/students Name of Tablet : Hidden Words / Book of Fatimih / Hidden Book of Fatimih (KalimatiMaknunih,SahifiyiFatimiyyih,SahifiyyihMaknuniyhFatimiyyih) Briefnotes:Baghdad.ArabicandPersian.1274/1857 PrimarySources:MaM1732;MaM373398;INBA30;Lawgold155.Fivetrans. byShoghiEffendiwithslightvariants,publishedinmanyforms:thefirstin1923, thesecondin1924,thethirdin1925,thefourthin1929,withafinalrevisionin 1954.Earlier trans. of Arabic HW in Kheirella andMcNutt, 1894 and1900; E.G. BrownefirsttranslatedpartsforhisrenditionofATraveller'sNarrativein1891;a Mrs. Stannard rendered it in English in 1921; and Amin Fareed trans. and publisheditin1905;alsoFrenchtransl.byDreyfus,Oeuvre1 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Quoted in Baha'u'llah's "Book of the River," available online at http://bahailibrary.com/ provisionals/river.html; Definition Messages 196386 743; mention in Promulgation of Universal Peace 46, 148, 457; Selections from the Writings of Abdu'lBaha #17 and #181 (on interpretations of a number of symbols); Traveller'sNarrative6869(abridgedWilmetteedition);mentionVignettesfrom the Life of Abdu'lBaha 49; mentions in World Order of Baha'u'llah 46 (on Persian#63),5960(onP.#77)and116(alsoonP.#77);discussionGodPassesBy 140;mentions(mostlyregardingtranslationandpublication)inUnfoldingDestiny 14,23,55,8687,andgeneralcomments42930,456;DirectivesoftheGuardian 37(onA.#13);TheLightofDivineGuidancevol.26567(onArabic#1,A.#70,and A.#71,aswellascommentsontranslation);RevelationofBaha'u'llahvol.17183;
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briefmentionsRev.Baha'u'llahvol.453,discussedinBaha'u'llah:KingofGlory 159, sample of MishqinQalam's calligraphy of the Tablet ibid. 161 and 251; mentions of dating and naming of Hidden Words in George Latimer's 1920 pilgrim's notes The Light of the World, 98; brief mentions of translation in RuhiyyihRabbaniThePricelessPearl38,205,219;briefmentionDawnbreakers9 Complete discussion in Diana Malouf Unveiling the Hidden Words and also her article"TheHiddenWordsofBaha'u'llah:TranslationNormsEmployedbyShoghi Effendi," in The Vision of Shoghi Effendi; literary and symbolic analyses in John Hatcher Ocean of His Words 3640, 108111, 181193; full coverage Julio Savi "TheLoveRelationshipbetweenGodandHumanity:ReflectionsonBaha'u'llah's HiddenWords"inScriptureandRevelation,availableonlineatbahailibrary.com/ articles/hiddenwords.savi.html; brief mentions in Bahiyyih Nakhjavani Asking Questions3,26;E.G.BrownediscussesthisTabletanditsmythologicaloriginsin the original Traveller's Narrative 122126, available online at http://bahai library.com/books/tn/tn.translation.html;coverageinFranklinLewis'"Scripture as Literature," available only online at bahailibrary.com/ conferences/scripture.lit.html; comments John Hatcher "The Validity and Value ofanHistoricalCriticalApproach"inScriptureandRevelation34(onPersian#77), 39; David Hofman discusses George Townshend's role in the authorized translation in George Townshend 5659, 7879; discussion Stephen Lambden "SinaiticMysteries:NotesonMoses/SinaiMotifs"inStudiesinHonoroftheLate Hasan M. Balyuzi: Studies in the Babi and Baha'i Religions vol. 5 12022 and Stephen Lambden "Apophatic Theology in Babi and Baha'i Scripture" in Revisioning the Sacred: Studies in the Babi and Baha'i Religions vol. 8 59; comments Stephen Lambden "The Word Bah': The Quintessence of the GreatestNameofGod"inJournalofBaha'iStudies8:2(19971998)[republished from Baha'i Studies Review 3.1 (1993)] 18 and n.10 (on P.#77), 38 (on intro), availableonlineintwodrafts,oneatbahailibrary.com/articles/baha.2.htmland one at bahailibrary.com/ encyclopedia/greatest.name.html; brief mentions RamonaBrownMemoriesofAbdu'lBaha6,28;PeterSmithTheBabiandBaha'i Religions 64; Sen McGlinn "Commentary on Kitabi Aqdas verse one," available online at bahailibrary.com/ essays/aqdas.verse1.html (on P.#19); calligraphic renditionsofsomeHiddenWordsbyMishqinQalamreproducedinJulieOeming BadieeandHeshmatollahBadiee"TheCalligraphyofMishkinQalam"inJournal of Baha'i Studies 3:4 (19901991) 5, 11, discussion ibid. passim; Jack McLean DimensionsofSpirituality12123(onP.#19),18586(onP.#26),218,244,261(on Arabic#55);symbolismoftheMaideninHiddenWordsinRossWoodman"Inthe
BeginningwastheWord:ApocalypseandtheEducationoftheSoul"inJournalof Baha'iStudies 5:4(19931994) 37, 43, 55;symbolism of creation of humankind Michael Sours "Baha'i Cosmological Symbolism and theEcofeminist Critique" in JournalofBaha'iStudies7:1(1995)30;briefdiscussionofDivine"Feminine"Ross Woodman "The Role of the Feminine in the Baha'i Faith" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 7:2 (1995) 9596; Christopher Buck "A Symbolic Profile of the Baha'i Faith"JournalofBaha'iStudies8:4(1998)30(onP.#1),32(onA.#63);discussion on the place of the Iqan in the Baha'i Faith in Seena Fazel and Khazeh Fananapazir"TheStationoftheKitabiIqan"inBaha'iStudiesReview3:1(1993), online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/station.iqan.html; see also student papers onTabletatbahailibrary.com/students NameofTablet:HriUjb(TheWondrousMaiden) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic,rhymingprose Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussion RevelationofBaha'u'llahvol.1211,218 BriefdescriptionofcontentinJohnWalbridgeSacredActs239 Name of Tablet : Hurufati 'Allin, Musibati Hurufati 'aliyyat (The Exalted Letters) Brief notes : Baghdad. Arabic, but also translated by Baha'u'llah into Persian. Oftenusedasaprayerforthedeceased.AddresseesMaryamandHavva PrimarySources:T&T242270;AHM2178 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussion in Revelation of Baha'u'llah vol.1 12225; mention of recipient (Maryam) Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.11213,61;mentionofrecipient(Maryam)Baha'u'llah:Kingof Glory14,102,117 CoveragebyJohnWalbridgeinSacredActs,SacredSpace,SacredTime267268 Name of Tablet : Javhiru'l Asrr (The Essence of Mysteries, The Gems of Mysteries) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic.InreplytoquestionsofSiyyidYusufiSidihi
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PrimarySources:AQA3488;LeidenMsOr4970,item1.Aprov.trans.existsby JuanCole Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:MentionedGod PassesBy140;DiscussedRevelationofBaha'u'llahvol.115152. Discussion by Stephen Lambden in "Apophatic Theology in Babi and Baha'i Scripture" in Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Baha'i Theology 63 and77n.121;briefdiscussioninJuanCole,"TheConceptofManifestationinthe Baha'iWritings"18and24,availableonlineathttp://wwwpersonal.umich.edu/ ~jrcole/bhmanif.htm;passingmentionPeterSmithTheBabiandBaha'iReligions 83;discussionofBiblicalquotationsinthisTabletStephenLambden"Paraclete, Ahmad and the Comforter" in Scripture and Revelation 90, 102, 12122 (notes 100,104) NameofTablet:Kitbiqn(TheBookofCertitude) Brief notes : Baghdad, dated in various Mss as A.H. 1278 or 1280 (1861/2 or 1863/4), the latter date possibly marking an editing with marginal glosses by Baha'u'llah. Persian, with Arabic quotations. Addressee Haji Mirza Siyyid Muhammad Primary Sources : Various printings. Bibliographical history in C. Buck, Symbol and Secret,pp. 1437. Persian. English trans. ShoghiEffendi 1946; Earlier trans. by Ali Quli Khan is more literal. French trans. "Le Livre de la Certitude" by Hippolyte Dreyfus & Mirza HabibUllah Chirazi, Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1904, contains an additional excordium. The 1893 lithograph, in the hand of Mishqin Qalam, has been published online in .gif format at hnet2.msu.edu/ ~bahai/areprint/baha/G/I/iqan1893/iqan1893.htm.IshraqKhavariwrotea4 volume tafsir dictionary of the Iqan, QamusiIqan; a translation of the original four questions submitted to Baha'u'llah, in answer to which the Iqan was revealed, are available only online at bahailibrary.com/ histories/ iqan.questions.html Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:Briefmentionin Promulgation of Universal Peace 151; God Passes By 13839; various topics in UnfoldingDestiny42426,430,432,451;MessagesfromtheUniversalHouseof Justice196386547;discussedBaha'u'llah:KingofGlory16367,266;mentionof recipient Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 344, 388, 405; discussion Covenant of Baha'u'llah7476,101,201;mentionofrecipientEminentBaha'isintheTimeof Baha'u'llah 35 (footnote), 121, 21718, 22021, 22627, 229; discussion of
recipientandtheIqanTheBab8687,107;mentionAbdu'lBaha:TheCentreof theCovenant109,527(n.62);discussionRevelationofBaha'u'llahvol.1153197; Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 2 52, 6870, 101, 21920, 370; brief mentions Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 3 39, 93, 98, 275, 30203, 334; Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 4 95, 136, 140, 152, 154, 207, 295, 322, 329, 385, 421; mention of addressee Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 4 329; comment in Ruhiyyih Rabbani The Priceless Pearl 214, repeatedinherShoghiEffendi91 ThemostcompletediscussionisbyChristopherBuck,SymbolandSecret:Qur'an Commentary in Baha'u'llah's KitabiIqan, where translation history, theology, andsymbolismarediscussed;seealsoreviewofsamebyFrankLewisinBaha'i StudiesReview6(1996);Buckalsopublishedastudyonline,"TheKitabiIqan:An IntroductiontoBaha'u'llah'sBookofCertitudewithTwoDigitalReprintsofEarly Lithographs,"athttp://hnet2.msu.edu/~bahai/bhpapers/vol2/iqan&sn.htmand alengthymeditationonBaha'u'llah'sprogramof"worldreform"asdelineatedby the Iqan in "Baha'u'llah as World Reformer" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 3:4 (19991991) 2368 passim; brief summary of themes and history of Iqan in NasserSabet"AnIntroductiontotheKitabiIqan"inJournalofBaha'iStudies3:4 (19991991)7175;JohnHatcher'sOceanofHisWordsincludesmuchdiscussion of the Iqan: passing mentions 4549, 7376, 111114, discussion of the "true seeker" 15253, complete treatment and a detailed outline 247337; discussion of the content and publication history of the Iqan by E.G. Browne in Moojan Momen Selections from the Writings of E. G. Browne 250254; short literary discussion Peter Smith TheBabi and Baha'i Religions 6365; discussionStephen Lambden"SinaiticMysteries:NotesonMoses/SinaiMotifs"inStudiesinHonorof theLateHasanM.Balyuzi:StudiesintheBabiandBaha'iReligionsvol.5122and Stephen Lambden "Apophatic Theology in Babi and Baha'i Scripture" in RevisioningtheSacred64;mentionsinHatcherandMartinTheBaha'iFaith37, 81,84,116;BahiyyihNakhjaniAskingQuestions132;JohnWalbridgeSacredActs 157,159;JohnHatcher"TheValidityandValueofanHistoricalCriticalApproach" in Scripture and Revelation 3536, 39; Robert Stockman "Revelation, Interpretation, and Elucidation" in Scripture and Revelation 58, 60, 6465; discussion of Biblical quotations in this Tablet Stephen Lambden "Paraclete, AhmadandtheComforter"inScriptureandRevelation9091;discussionofsome of the Iqan's "inner teachings" in Ross Woodman "The Inner Dimensions of Revelation" in Scripture and Revelation 34347; comments on symbolism in Michael Sours "The Maid of Heaven, the Image of Sophia, and the Logos" in JournalofBaha'iStudies4:1(1991)49andpassim;commentsoninterpretation
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in Seena Fazel and Khazeh Fananapazir "Some Interpretive Principles in the Baha'i Writings" in Bahai Studies Review 2:1 (1992) 48 and Dann May "A PreliminarySurveyofHermeneuticalPrinciplesFoundwithintheBaha'iWritings" inJournalofBaha'iStudies1:2(1989)4152;shortdiscussionoftheologyinthe IqaninMichaelSours"SeeingwiththeEyeofGod"inBahaiStudiesReview1:1 (1991)3132andsomenotes;commentsonIqan'sreceptioninMoojanMomen "LearningfromHistory"inJournalofBaha'iStudies2:2(19891990)57,63;some discussionofeschatologyinRossWoodman"TheEndoftheWorld"inJournalof Baha'i Studies 3:2 (19901991) passim; mention of relevance of Iqan to Baha'i theology Jack McLean "Prolegomena to a Baha'i Theology" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 5:1 (1992) 4950, 61; passing mentions Jack McLean Dimensions of Spirituality 5, 1112, 23, 156, 247; discussion of theology Michael Sours "ImmanenceandTranscendenceinDivineScripture"inJournalofBaha'iStudies 5:2 (1992) passim; discussion of Islamic symbolism Seena Fazel and Khazeh Fananapazir "A Baha'i Approach to the Claim of Finality in Islam" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 5:3 (1993) passim, available online at http://bahailibrary.com/ articles/jbs.53.fazel.html;symbolismoftheMaideninIqaninRossWoodman"In the Beginning was the Word: Apocalypse and the Education of the Soul" in JournalofBaha'iStudies5:4(19931994)36,3940,5254;passingmentionsof "social theology" John Hatcher "Unsealing the Choice Wine at the Family Reunion" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 6:3 (1994); comments on cosmology and ecology Michael Sours "Baha'i Cosmological Symbolism and the Ecofeminist Critique" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 7:1 (1995) passim; discussions of gender symbolism Ross Woodman "The Role of the Feminine in the Baha'i Faith" in JournalofBaha'iStudies7:2(1995)passim;examinationofmeaningofmetaphor inIqaninRossWoodman"MetaphorandtheLanguageofRevelation"inJournal ofBaha'iStudies8:1(1997)1825;commentsonepistemologyandtheIqanJalil Mahmoudi"Irfan,Gnosis,orMysticalKnowledge"inWorldOrder7:4(1973)515 and Jack McLean "The Knowledge of God: An Essay on Baha'i Epistemology" in WorldOrder12:3(1978)4849;discussionoftheIslamicconceptof"corruption oftexts"(tahrif)WilliamCollins"Islam'sTahrif:ImplicationsfortheBaha'iFaith" inWorldOrder11:1(1976)2230 Name of Tablet : Lawhi AyiyiNr (Tablet of the Verse of Light) Also known as Tafsiri Hurufati Muqatta'ib (Interpretation of the Isolated Letters) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic.AddresseeisMirzaAqayiRikabSaz
PrimarySources:MA44982.Aprov.trans.byStephenLambdenexists Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : circumstances anddiscussioninRev.Baha'u'llahvol.112528;mentionGodPassesBy140;on themeaningoftheisolatedletters,seeKitabiIqan202203andDawnbreakers p. 156 (posted with other secondary quotations at Baha'i Academics Bulletin Boardarchive,availableonlineatbahailibrary.com/wwwboard/index98.html). LengthydiscussionofsymbolismStephenLambden"SinaiticMysteries:Noteson Moses/SinaiMotifs"inStudiesinHonoroftheLateHasanM.Balyuzi117120 Name of Tablet : Lawhi Ayyb (Tablet of Job) Also known as SuriyiSabr and Madinatu'sSabr(SurihorCityofPatience) Brief notes : Baghdad (Ridvan, on 22 April 1863). Arabic. Addressee Haji MuhammadTaqiiNayrizi(nottobeconfusedwithHajiMirzaMuhammadTaqi, Vakilu'dDawlih) Primary Sources : AyT 262304; LAnv1 379408. Prov. trans.s exist by Khazeh Fananapazir,HabibTaherzadeh,andStephenLambden Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : discussed Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 26373 passim; mention of recipient ibid. 141 (and footnote); mention God Passes By 140; Bio of recipient in Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 130 131;Tabletmentionedinibid.195;partialbioofrecipientRev.Baha'u'llahvol.1 13844; Brief definition John Walbridge Sacred Acts 239; discussion of symbolism StephenLambden"SinaiticMysteries:NotesonMoses/SinaiMotifs"inStudiesin Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi 125; some history of recipient AliAkbar Furutan,comp.,StoriesofBaha'u'llah1718 NameofTablet:LawhiFitnih(TabletoftheTest) Brief notes : Baghdad or Edirne. Arabic. Addressee ShamsiJahan, entitled Varaqatu'rRidvan(oneofseveraltabletsforher). PrimarySources:MA4261265 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussion Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.1128129,13637
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Name of Tablet : Lawhi Ghulmu'l Khuld (Tablet of the Deathless Youth, EternalYouth,YouthofParadise) Briefnotes:Baghdad.ArabicandPersian PrimarySources:AyT9299.Prov.trans.exists.JohnWalbridgewithannotations online Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussion Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.121114 discussion in Walbridge Sacred Acts 159, 161163, 222, and also his "Erotic Imagery In the Allegorical Writings of Baha'u'llah" available online at bahai library.com/unpubl.articles/erotic.allegory.html NameofTablet:LawhiHryyih(TabletoftheMaiden,TabletoftheHouri) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic,dialogueform. Primary Sources : AQA4(i) 342350; AQA4(rev) 379391. Prov. trans. Juan Cole, availableonlineexists Secondary sources: first keytexts, then supplementary texts : Brief discussion Rev.Baha'u'llahvol.1125;mentionGodPassesBy140;MentioninBaha'u'llah: KingofGlory167 DiscussioninDavidRuheRobeofLight:ThePersianYearsoftheSupremeProphet Baha'u'llah 18171853 18788; brief mention in Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 167, whereitisreferredtoas"PrayeroftheMaiden;"discussioninWalbridgeSacred Acts 158161, and also his "Erotic Imagery In the Allegorical Writings of online at bahai Baha'u'llah" available library.com/unpubl.articles/erotic.allegory.html Discussions of the Maiden, though without mention of this Tablet, include KamranEkbal"TheZoroastrianHeritageofthe'MaidofHeaven'"inScriptureand Revelation; Ross Woodman "The Inner Dimensions of Revelation" in Scripture andRevelation34749,35356,36264;MichaelSours"TheMaidofHeaven,the ImageofSophia,andtheLogos"inJournalofBaha'iStudies4:1(1991)passim; PaulaA.Drewek"FeminineFormsoftheDivineinBaha'iScripture"inJournalof Baha'iStudies5:1(1992)passim;MichaelSours"ImmanenceandTranscendence inDivineScripture"inJournalofBaha'iStudies5:2(1992)4044
NameofTablet:LawhiKullu'tTa'am(TabletofAllFood) Briefnotes:Baghdad,probablylate1853,certainlybeforeApril1854.Arabic.An esotericcommentaryonQur'an3:87,andagainstantinomiantendenciesinBabi community.AddresseeHajiMirzaKamalu'dDin PrimarySources:Partialtrans.ShoghiEffendiinGPB116.AgoodtextinINBA 36:268277;MA4265276(orisit26070?)saidtobe'inadequate';RM2416426 (slightly better). Prov. trans. has been published by Stephen Lambden, Baha'i StudiesBulletin3:1(June1984):467 Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts mentionsinRev.Baha'u'llahvol.15055passim;discussedinGodPassesBy116 117 and a short passage translated on p. 118; Discussed in Baha'u'llah: King of Glory112113;mentionCovenantofBaha'u'llah69 FulldiscussionBijanMa'sumian"TheRealmsofDivineExistenceasDescribedin the Tablet of All Food" in Deepen magazine 3:2:2 (Summer, 1994), available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/allfood.masumian.html; Stephen Lambden "A Tablet of Baha'u'llah: The Tablet of All Food" in Baha'i Studies Bulletin 3:1 (June 1984) 467; full discussion of cosmology of Tablet Moojan Momen "Relativism: A Basis for Baha'i Metaphysics," in Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi: Studies in the Babi and Baha'i Religions vol. 5 19094; brief discussion Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries: Notes on Moses/Sinai Motifs" in Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi 110 and Stephen Lambden "Apophatic Theology in Babi and Baha'i Scripture" in Revisioning the Sacred: Studies in the Babi and Baha'i Religions vol. 8 59; Juan Cole addresses terminologyin"Baha'u'llahandtheNaqshbandiSufis"inFromIranEasttoWest: Studies in Babi and Baha'i History vol. 2; Jack McLean produces a thorough analysisoftheworldsofGodin"ProlegomenontoaBaha'iTheology"Journalof Baha'i Studies 5:1 (1992), esp. 5860, with a description of this Tablet page 53n.55, available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/jbs.51.mclean.html; passingmentionsJohnHatcherOceanofHisWords82,84;PeterSmithTheBabi andBaha'iReligions62 NameofTablet:LawhiMadnatu'tTawhd(TheCityofDivineUnity,or,inthe Guardian'stranslation,TabletoftheCityofUnity) Briefnotes:Baghdadca.1858(orlater?).Arabic.AddresseeShaykhSalman PrimarySources:Sectiontrans.inGleaningsXXIV.AQA4313329;MA431329. Unpublishedstudyandprov.trans.bySteveLambdenhasbeendone
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Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts biographyofsubjectinMemorialsoftheFaithful1316;mentionsin109,11319 passim; mention God Passes By 14041; discussion Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 109 119; mention of subject Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 25556; vol.2 67, 168, 208, 263, 283,384,400;vol.317475;vol.4172;CovenantofBaha'u'llah6364,87;'Abdul Baha: Centre of the Covenant 96; Stories from the Delight of Hearts 133 discussion Stephen Lambden in "Apophatic Theology in Babi and Baha'i Scripture" Revisioning the Sacred 6263; discussion of Divine Unity (though without mention of this Tablet) Mirza Abu'lFadl Golpaygani "Treating of the meaningofDivineUnity..."inTheBaha'iProofs137153;mentionsinJuanCole "The Concept of Manifestation in the Baha'i Writings" (Baha'i Studies vol. 9) 3 andJackMcLean"ProlegomenatoaBaha'iTheology"inJournalofBaha'iStudies 5:1(1992)51 NameofTablet:Madnatu'rRid(CityofRadiantAcquiescence) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic PrimarySources:PublishedinAQA4(firstedition)135149:inthesecondedition (AQA4(i))itislistedamongthetabletsremovedbecausenoreliableMScouldbe found.Prov.trans.JuanColeexists Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : discussion Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.110809 Name of Tablet : Qasdiyi Varq'yyih (Ode of Dove); full title Qasidiyi'Izz Varqa'iyyih Briefnotes:Sulaymaniyyih.Arabic,withPersiannotesbyBaha'u'llah Primary Sources : Short extract transl. Shoghi Effendi GPB 116. AQA3 196215; MA4197209.Prov.trans.sofboththe(Arabic)TabletandBaha'u'llah's(Persian) notesonitexist,onepublishedbyDenisMacEoin,Baha'iStudiesBulletin2:2,& comments2:3,2:4;alsotrans.JuanCole,availableonline Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:Rev.Baha'u'llah vol.1 6264, 8485; Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 3 206; discussion God Passes By 123, mentionibid.118;discussedBaha'u'llah:KingofGlory118,andbriefly294,415; Eminent Baha'is in the Time of Baha'u'llah 98; brief mention Dawnbreakers 9 LengthydiscussionofsymbolismStephenLambden"SinaiticMysteries:Noteson
Moses/Sinai Motifs" in Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi 11116; discussion of historical context in Juan Cole "Baha'u'llah and the Naqshbandi Sufis,"inFromIranEasttoWest:StudiesinBabiandBaha'iHistoryvol.2;some coverage in Franklin Lewis' "Scripture as Literature," available online at bahai library.com/ conferences/scripture.lit.html; discussion of literary form and this Tablet's Sufi background in Jonah Winters Themes of 'The Erotic' in Sufi Mysticism," available online at bahailibrary.com/ personal/jw/my.papers/ Erotic.mystcsm.html; dialogue on translation Juan Cole and Denis MacEoin "ExchangesonBaha'u'llah'salQasidaalWarqa'iyya"inBaha'iStudiesBulletin2:4 (March1984)4457;briefmentionPeterSmithTheBabiandBaha'iReligions64; the original poem which Baha'u'llah is modelling is, to my knowledge, only availablein(partial)translationinR.A.NicholsonStudiesinIslamicMysticism NameofTablet:Rashhi'Am(SprinklingoftheCloudofUnknowing) Briefnotes:Tehran,1853/3.Persian Primary Sources : M4:1846; INBAMC 36:4601. Persian. Prov. trans. & commentaryhasbeenpublishedbyStephenLambden,Baha'iStudiesBulletin3:2 September1984 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : discussion Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 4546, 51; discussion Covenant of Baha'u'llah 5253 Very detailed discussion Stephen Lambden "An Early Poem of Baha'u'llah: The SprinklingoftheCloudofUnknowing"inBaha'iStudiesBulletin3:2(Sept.1984) 4114; description David Ruhe Robe of Light 164, brief discussion Stephen Lambden"SinaiticMysteries:NotesonMoses/SinaiMotifs"inStudiesinHonorof theLateHasanM.Balyuzi,109;detaileddiscussioninJuanCole"Baha'u'llahand the Naqshbandi Sufis," in From Iran East to West; discussion of the role of the Maid of Heaven in Kamran Ekbal "The Zoroastrian Heritage of the 'Maid of Heaven'"inScriptureandRevelation129 NameofTablet:SahfiyiShattyyih(BookoftheTigris,BookoftheRiver) Baghdad(1857?).Persian,withArabiccitations PrimarySources:MA4142149;RM1349357.Prov.trans.JuanCole.exists Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Mention God PassesBy141;DiscussionRev.Baha'u'llahvol.11058
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NameofTablet:SevenValleys(HaftVadi) Briefnotes:lateBaghdad,18581862.Persian.Writteninresponsetoquestions ofMuhyi'dDin,Shaykh PrimarySources:Numerouspublishedtrans.seeCollins;trans.ofExcordiumby StephenLambden,withoccasionalnotes,Pt.01BSB6:23(2674).AQA392137; INBA35. French trans. by Dreyfus and Chirazi bound with Les Paroles caches contains additional excordium; French transl. by Dreyfus Oeuvre1 1923. First translated into English by Ali Kuli Khan in 1906 and reprinted frequently. A revisedtrans.publishedin1945,donebyKhanandhisdaughterMarziehGail,is tothisdaythestandardtrans.HippolyteDreyfusalsotrans.itintoFrenchdirectly from the Persian a year before Kuli Khan's English version, in 1905, with Julie ChanlerthenretranslatingitfromtheFrenchintoEnglishin1936 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention in PromulgationofUniversalPeace244,GodPassesBy140;mentionofmeaningof "guardian" Unfolding Destiny 453; Discussed Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 16163; mentioned ibid. 139; discussion Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 96104; mentioned ibid 151; Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 2 26, Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 4 142, 181 Complete treatment in Stephen Lambden "The Seven Valleys of Baha'u'llah: A Provisional Translation with Occasional Notes, pt. 1," in Baha'i Studies Bulletin 6:23(Feb.1992)2674,continuedinBaha'iStudiesBulletin6:47:2(1992)129 34 and John Walbridge Sacred Acts 150157 and 287288; discussion of the Valleys of Love and Knowledge in B. Hoff Conow The Baha'i Teachings 12224; briefnotesontheValleyofNothingnessRodneyClarken"AbsolutePovertyand Utter Nothingness" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 8:1 (1997) 30, 40; passing mentions in John Hatcher Ocean of His Words 87, 103107, 134135, 194201; PeterSmithTheBabiandBaha'iReligions64,81;StephenLambden"Paraclete, Ahmad and the Comforter" in Scripture and Revelation 89; Jack McLean "ProlegomenatoaBaha'iTheology"inJournalofBaha'iStudies5:1(1992)5455; JulioSavi"Will,Knowledge,andLoveasExplainedinBaha'u'llah'sFourValleys"in the Journal of Baha'i Studies 6:1 (1994), available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/jbs.61.savi.html; relation of Seven Valleys to Attar's Conference of the Birds Michael Sours "Immanence and Transcendence in Divine Scripture" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 5:2 (1992) 1618 and notes; detailed discussion of symbolic relations between Attar's Conference and Seven Valleys Christopher Buck"ASymbolicProfileoftheBaha'iFaith"JournalofBaha'iStudies8:4(1998) 2630;commentsonmysticknowledgeJackMcLean"TheKnowledgeofGod:An
EssayonBaha'iEpistemology"inWorldOrder12:3(1978)5052;seealsostudent papersonTabletatbahailibrary.com/students Discussionsofmysticism,manywithpassingreferencestotheSevenValleys,in Glenn Shook Mysticism, Science, and Revelation; Farnaz Ma'sumian "Mysticism andtheBaha'iFaith"inDeepen,6.3(1995),availableonlineatbahailibrary.com/ articles/mysticism.masumian.html; Moojan Momen "The Psychology of MysticismanditsRelationshiptotheBaha'iFaith"inBaha'iStudiesBulletin2.4 (1984);William S. Hatcher "Myths, Models, and Mysticism" in Logic and Logos: Essays on Science, Religion, and Philosophy; Jack McLean Dimensions of Spirituality8,8288,130,244 NameofTablet:ShikkarShikanShavand(SweetScentedBeing) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Persian.AddresseeMirzaSa'idKhan,althoughTaherzadeh saysitwasSiyyidHusayniMutivvalyiQumi PrimarySources:Firsthalftrans.in"TheBaha'iWorld",vol18,p11(byHabib Taherzadeh?).DiD147153;INBA30.Prov.trans.alsoexistsShahrokhMonjazeb Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussed Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.114750;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory149(seealsofootnote),446; mentionofaddresseeibid89,10001;mentionofSa'idKhanRev.Baha'u'llahvol. 122526,Rev.Baha'u'llahvol.213134 Leiden List adds: IshraqKhavari and MuhammadAli Faizi consider this was the tabletreferredtointheTablettotheShah,citedinTraveller'sNarrativep110of Browne's trans., p 62 of the abridged Baha'i edition, but the content does not seemtomatch. NameofTablet:SubhnaRabbya'lA'l(PraisetotheExaltedLord) Brief notes : Baghdad. Arabic. A Maiden tablet. Addressee Haji Mirza Musayi Javahiri,knownasHarfiBaqa PrimarySources:Gan6164 Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:DiscussioninRev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 21113; mention of addressee Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 2 329; mentionaddresseeBaha'u'llah:KingofGlory174,250
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NameofTablet:SriyiNush(TabletofAdvice) Briefnotes:Baghdad.Arabic.AddresseeSiyyidJa'fariYazdi PrimarySources:MA4135136(incomp.) Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Discussed Rev. Baha'u'llahvol.1137,142,146;mentionofaddresseeRev.Baha'u'llahvol.1331 NameofTablet:SriyiQadr(SrihoftheOmnipotent) Briefnotes:TaherzadehdatesBaghdad;ColedatesEdirne(?1866?) PrimarySources:AQA4(i)317320;AQA4(rev)373378.Prov.trans.existsJuan Cole Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:DiscussioninRev. Baha'u'llahvol.111922 NameofTablet:TabletoftheHolyMariner(LawhiMallahu'lQuds) Briefnotes:Baghdad.ArabicandPersiansections Primary Sources : Arabic section trans. Shoghi Effendi and published in many sources, including Prayers for Special Occasions (=Baha'i Prayers, British) 517; Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 228244; 'Rituals' 1278. Photographic reproduction in frontispiece of Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1. AQA4 335341; ?MA4 33541?. Earlier trans.inStaroftheWest,vol.13,no.4,pp.7577containsmisprints.Prov.trans. ofPersiansectionalsoexistsShahroakhMonjazeb Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Mention Selections from the Writings of AbdulBaha para. 233.15 (p. 314); discussion in Rev. Baha'u'llah vol.1 228243; mention in Rev. Baha'u'llah vol. 2 6; discussion God Passes By 14748; mention ibid. 140; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 154; brief discussionCovenantofBaha'u'llah16768 Full treatment in Michael Sours Beyond the Mystic Veil: An Illustrated Guide to Baha'u'llah's Tablet of the Holy Mariner (as yet unpublished); John Walbridge Sacred Acts 159165, 234; John Hatcher Ocean of His Words 39, 4951, 8896, 135137;discussionofhistoricalcontextJohnHatcher"TheValidityandValueof an HistoricalCritical Approach" in Scripture and Revelation 4142; discussion of theroleoftheMaideninKamranEkbal"TheZoroastrianHeritageofthe'Maidof Heaven'" in Scripture and Revelation 15556; discussion of the Maiden in Ross Woodman"TheInnerDimensionsofRevelation"inScriptureandRevelation347 49, 35356, 36264; Paula A. Drewek "Feminine Forms of the Divine in Baha'i Scripture" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 5:1 (1992) 2021; detailed overview of
symbolismChristopherBuck"ASymbolicProfileoftheBaha'iFaith"inJournalof Baha'iStudies8:4(1998)3744
ListofcitationsandresourcesforTabletsrevealed186368
Overviewsofthisperiod notes on Adrianople Momen Basic Baha'i Dictionary 10; mentions of period Baha'u'llahESW689,1068,1235,132,137;mentionsofAdrianopleBaha'u'llah Aqdas K37, Q100, n33, n63, n190; mentions of Constantinople Aqdas 15, K89, 164, n107, n11920, n178; mentions of and addresses to Kings Aqdas K7893, 163;anecdotesfromperiodFurutanStoriesofBaha'u'llah3141;anecdotesfrom periodMuhammadAliyiSalmaniMyMemories2570passim,93105;overview ofperiodAbdu'lBahaSAQ314;mentionsofperiodandtabletstokingsPUP12, 27, 2023, 2234, 301, 372, 388, 398; eyewitness discussion of the Adrianople period Mirza HaydarAli Stories Delight of Hearts 218; GPB 1717, PDC paragraphs 12, 22, 4161, 68119, 15262, 1705, 210; Balyuzi BKoG 196260; Revelation vol.3 10810brief overview of letters to theKings HatcherOcean of HisWords12631;discussionofBaha'u'llah'sselfdisclosureinthesetabletsBuck ParadiseandParadigm13941;notesonthedutiesofthekingsPeterSmithThe Babi and Baha'i Religions 747; many mentions of period and of themes of Baha'u'llahsrevelationduringinJuanColeModernityandtheMillenniumpassim; some discussions of period Cole "Redating the Surah of God," in BSB 6:47:2 (October 1992); passing mentions Stephen Lambden "Some Notes on Baha'u'llah'sGraduallyEvolvingClaimsoftheAdrianople/EdirnePeriod,"inBSB 5:36:1(June1991),7583;overviewofregionalpoliticsintheperiodinMoojan Momen"TheBaha'iInfluenceontheReformMovementsoftheIslamicWorldin the1860sand1870s,"inBSB2:2(September1983),4765 Nameoftablet:KitbiBad'("TheWondrousBook,""theUniqueBook") Briefnotes: Edirne. Note:tabletbearsnorelationtothepersonsurnamedBadi'
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Mainly Persian. Apologia to Azalis. Addressee is Mirza Mihdiyi Gilani or Mirza MihdiyiRashti(nottobeconfusedwithBah'u'llh'ssonMirzaMihdi,surnamed "thepurestBranch"],intheformofthewordsofAqaMuhammad'AliTambaku FurushofIsfahan(therecipientofthetabletSubhnikaYH,alsoknownasthe LawhiNaqus,TabletoftheBell) PrimarySources(translations):Twosentencestrans.GPB28 Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentionedGPB 172; mentioned Balyuzi BKoG 124, 245 footnote, 257; brief discussion Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 102, 250, 279; described Revelation vol.2 370387 description Hatcher Ocean of His Words 8486; analysis of one passage Buck ParadiseandParadigm327 Nameoftablet:LawhiAhmadArabic(TablettoAhmad) Briefnotes: Edirne,about1865. AddresseeAhmadiYazdi. Primary Sources (translations) : Tasbih va Tahlil 215218; Rosen3 t4; Ad'iyyihi H.Mahbub1939;NafahatiFadl1;INBA30.MsinthehandofBaha'u'llah.Mss alsoinhandof'Abdu'lBaha. Trans.1924byShoghiEffendiwiththeassistanceofDr.Esslemontandprintedin many prayerbooks, from 1933 on, including Baha'i Prayers, US 1991 209; MacEoin Rituals 1212 (abridged one para.). Earlier translations appear in early prayerbooks. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : definition/bio notes Momen Basic Baha'i Dictionary 11; brief mention Balyuzi BKoG 217; discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 10736; mention of recipient Revelation vol.3257;discussionofmeaningofsincerityintabletRevelationvol.4141 paper by Omid Furutan presented at the 7th Annual Grand Canyon Baha'i ConferenceDecember1991;extensivedescriptionandanalysisHatcherOceanof HisWords340378;discussionofhistoricalrelevanceofrecipienttotabletJohn Hatcher "The Validity and Value of an HistoricalCritical Approach" in BS3 426; analysis of the name "Ahmad" (though no mention of this tablet) Stephen
Lambden"ProphecyintheJohannineFarewellDiscourse"inBS37689;meanings oftabletSeenaFazel"UnderstandingExclusivistTexts"inBS326970 Nameoftablet:LawhiAhmadPersian(TablettoAhmad) Briefnotes: Edirne. AddresseeisHajiMirzaAhmadofKashan. PrimarySources(translations):Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih315330;Daryai Danish114130.OneofthetabletsofAhmadisinINBA30. Almost two thirds has been trans. Gleanings CLII (=Majmu'ihyi Alvahi Mubarakih3179/DaryaiDanish1168)andGleaningsCLIII(=Majmu'ihyiAlvahi Mubarakih 3156, 32022, 3247, 3289 / Daryai Danish 1145, 11921, 1236, 1289). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : definition/bio notes Momen Basic Baha'i Dictionary 1112; anecdotes of tablet and recipient Salmani My Memories 4650 and elsewhere, passim; mentions of tablet and discussion of recipient Balyuzi BKoG 157, 179, 202, 2203, 227, 231, 253, 261, 323, illustration 200; tablet mentioned Taherzadeh Covenant 82 and footnote; discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 137151, mention of recipient 67, 118, 127,137,159 descriptionHatcherOceanofHisWords3615 Nameoftablet:LawhiAshraf(TabletforAshraf[theNoble]) Briefnotes: Edirne,afterseparation. Arabic.AddresseeisSiyyidAshrafZanjani,alsoknownasAqaSiyyidAshraf(not to be confused with Mulla Ashraf, mentioned in HaydarAli Stories Delight of Hearts113116,orAqaMirzaAshrafiAbadi'iwhowasmartyredinIsfahan,and concerningwhomBaha'u'llahwritesthesewordsintheEpistletotheSonofthe
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Wolf, p. 72: 'Before them one named Kazim ... andafterthem,hishonourAshraf,allquaffedthedraughtofmartyrdom...' PrimarySources(translations):Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih211219.Section trans.GleaningsLII(Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih2124). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of recipientBaha'u'llahESW734;GPB199200;anecdotesofrecipientMuhammad Aliyi Salmani My Memories 712; discussion of recipient Balyuzi BKoG 236, bio note 470; recipient and tablet discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 223232, quoted120 briefmentionStephenLambden"Sinaiticmysteries"inSBBR51367 Nameoftablet:LawhiBah(TabletofGlory) Briefnotes: Edirne,priortoseparation. Arabic,withpartstrans.toPersianbyBaha'u'llah.AddresseeisKhatunJan. PrimarySources(translations):GanjiShayigan4042(incomp.). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of recipientAbdu'lBahaMemorials200(199inolded.);mentionofperiod(though nomentionoftablet)GPB1668,BalyuziBKoG2301,andTaherzadehCovenant 845;periodandtabletdiscussedTaherzadehRevelationvol.21623,171,17980 Nameoftablet:LawhiHawdaj,SuriyiHawdaj,LawhiSamsun(Tabletofthe Howdah,TabletfromSamsun) Briefnotes: Istanbul(actuallyatSamsun,enroutefromBaghdadtoIstanbul). Arabic,1863. Primary Sources (translations) : Ganji Shayigan 67 (incomp.); La'alyiu'lHikmat Vol.14.TranslationStephenLambdenBSB3:4,8497. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : definition of howdah Momen Basic Baha'i Dictionary111;descriptionof context GPB 1567; anecdote of location and tablet Muhammad Aliyi Salmani My Memories 345; descriptionofhowdahMyMemories127,illustrationofhowdah24;discussionof
context Balyuzi BKoG 17597, illustration 177; overview of period Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 28392; discussed Revelation vol.2 67, 16 (with summary of contents) completeannotatedtranslationStephenLambdenBSB3:4(December1985),84 97;briefmentionHatcherOceanofHisWords92;discussionBuckParadiseand Paradigm 224; E. G. Browne Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion 17 (onlineatbahailibrary.com/books) Nameoftablet:LawhiKhall(TablettoJinabiKhalil[thefriend]) Briefnotes:Edirne,afterseparation(March1866?) Not to be confused with Lawhi Khalil II (possibly trans. Gleanings CXXVII) or LawhiKhalilIII(trans.GleaningsCXXXVI) AddresseeisHajiMuhammadIbrahimiQazvini,nottobeconfused(?)withthe HajiMuhammadIbrahimmentionedinRevelationvol.4153andfootnote. Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.1 6568 (incomplete). Phrase trans. GPB 242; page quoted Taherzadeh Covenant 10; trans. Stephen LambdenBSB4:1,3379. There are a number of other tablets addressed to Haji Muhammad Ibrahimi Qazvini, one of which (tentatively numbered II although no date is available) appearstobetrans.atGleaningsCXXVII.TheLawhiIbrahimmaybeoneofthese tablets(GleaningsXXXIII,XXXVIII),andGleaningsLXXVIImayalsoberelated.. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Mention of a "tabletaddressedtoHajiMuhammadIbrahimiKhalil,"whichmightormightnot bethisone,inGPB242;TaherzadehCovenant10,1278;discussedTaherzadeh Revelationvol.2259262;mentionofunspecifiedtabletstorecipientRevelation vol.4153footnote,405 Nameoftablet:LawhiLaylatu'lQuds(TabletoftheSacredNightI) Briefnotes:Edirne,possiblyearlier.
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AddresseeDarvishSidq'Ali,alsoreferredtoasGuliMawla,"TheMaster'sRose" (MuhammadAliyiSalmaniMyMemories34) PrimarySources(translations):IqtidaratvachandlawhiDigar2168,Majmu'ih yiAlvahiMubarakih2301. ExtractsinGleaningsCXLVII. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : biography of recipientAbdu'lBahaMemorials368;HaydarAliStoriesDelightofHearts712; Muhammad Aliyi Salmani My Memories 34, 5861, 93, 967; mentions of recipientBalyuziBKoG132,156,178,231,2502,279,331,bionote482;Balyuzi Eminent Baha'is 3167; mentioned Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 289; Revelation vol.21645,discussed18890,mentionofrecipient32930,402,409 Nameoftablet:LawhiNapulyunI(FirstTablettoNapoleonIII) Briefnotes:NottobeconfusedwiththemuchmorewellknownSecondtablet toNapoleonIII,from1869.Edirne,afterseparation. PrimarySources(translations):Unpublished. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mentioned Baha'u'llah ESW 51, other (?) tablet to Napoleon also quoted in ESW passim; mention of recipient Baha'u'llah Tablets 210; Aqdas 15, K86, 164, notes 1178; discussionofrecipientAbdu'lBahaSAQ323;discussionofFranceinthe1870s Secret Divine Civilization 623, PUP 278, 203, 211, 223, 398, 432; mention of Napoleon I 678; GPB 173, 2078, 2256; mentions of tablet and recipient PDC paragraphs 39, 6970, 83, 116, 118, 1206, 140; Balyuzi Eminent Baha'is 2089, illustration208;mentionsofrecipientandtabletstohimBalyuziBKoG245,320, 352, 392, 426; quoted Taherzadeh Covenant 223; discussion of tablet Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 3689; mention of tablet Revelation vol.3 10910, mentionofrecipient81,10915,149,201;mentionofrecipientRevelationvol.4 95,249,388,434;accountofgrandsonofShahconvertingtotheBaha'iFaithin thepresenceofAbdu'lBahainHonnoldVignettes512 discussion of literary style John Hatcher Ocean of His Words 1269; mention StephenLambden"ProphecyintheJohannineFarewellDiscourse"inBS391
Name of tablet : LawhiNasr, Lawhi Nasir Qazvini (Tablet of Nasir [the defender]ofQazvini) Briefnotes: NottobeconfusedwiththeLawhiNasirHajji,ca.1869,whichbegins"Heisthe Helper. I bear witness that thou hast helped thy Lord, and art one of the helpers." Edirne,afterseparation. MainlyPersian. AddresseeisHajiMuhammadNasirofQazvin. Begins:HuwaalBaha'ialabha.Binamikhodavandetc(seeMomen,Selections 310,256) PrimarySources(translations):Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih166202. Sections trans. Gleanings LIII (Majmu'ihyi Alvahi Mubarakih 170), LXXV (Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih1868).Sentence(s?)quotedGPB169. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : discussed TaherzadehRevelationvol.239,245259 complete discussion Moojan Momen, ed., Selections from the Writings of E.G. Browne2559 Nameoftablet:LawhiRh,LawharRuh(TabletoftheSpirit) Briefnotes:Edirne,ataboutthetimeoftheseparation(MarchMay1866). Arabic. Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 123154; Athari QalamiA'laVol.4(rev)150200. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentionedGPB 171;discussedTaherzadehRevelationvol.21818passim,mentioned260 briefmentionStephenLambden"Sinaiticmysteries"inSBBR5136
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Nameoftablet:LawhiSalmnI(firstTablettoSalman) Briefnotes: Not to be confused with the Lawhi Salman II, from the early 'Akka period (Gleanings XXI, Gleanings CXLVIII, and Gleanings CLIV, para. trans. PDC70); the Lawhi Salman III (date?); or the Lawhi Madinatu't tawhid (The City of Unity, partially trans. Gleanings XXIV), which is addressed to the same person and is sometimesreferredtoasthetabletofSalman. Edirne. MainlyPersian. AddresseeShaykhSalman PrimarySources(translations):Majmu'ihyiMatbu'ih128160. Paragraphs trans. Gleanings XXI (Majmu'ihyi Alvahi Mubarakih 1445), Gleanings CXLVIII (=Majmu'ihyi Alvahi Mubarakih 1434), Gleanings CLIV (Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih1534);PDCparagraph175.Trans.J.Coleposted onHBahai3/97.Theparagraphtrans.atPDC70isalsotrans.byColeModernism 60andseen39.Partiallytrans.TaherzadehRevelationvol.11113. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of Muhammad's companion RuzBih (Salman) Baha'u'llah Tablets 65; biography of recipient Abdu'lBaha Memorials of the Faithful 1316, mentions 109, 11319 passim;mentionofrecipientStoriesDelightofHearts133;Balyuzi'AbdulBaha: CentreoftheCovenant96;BalyuziBKoG226,233,237,3447,4414;illustration Balyuzi Eminent Baha'is 231; Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 10913, 25556; discussed Revelation vol.2 28390, mentioned 67, 168, 208, 2634, 384, 400; mentionedRevelationvol.3256,17475andfootnote,quoted8990;vol.4172; TaherzadehCovenant87,mentionofrecipient6364,quoted1601 subject of a paper by Juan Cole, Second Irfan Mysticism Conference, February 1997;briefmentionoftabletColeModernityandtheMillennium73
Nameoftablet:LawhiSayyh(TabletofSayyah[theTraveller]) Briefnotes:Edirne,followingseparation(?FebJune1867?) AddresseeisMullaAdiGuzal,entitledSayyah(Mirza'AliyiSayyah)bytheBab. PrimarySources(translations):GanjiShayigan8081(incomp.). Sentencetrans.GPB184. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of recipient Abdu'lBaha Memorials 99; mentioned GPB 184; Muhammad Aliyi SalmaniMyMemories57;mentionsofrecipientBalyuziBKoG623,243,2478, 269, bio note 468, illustration 242; discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 213 215,mentioned210,quotedRevelationvol.313 Nameoftablet:LawhiSirj(TabletforSiraj,orSarraj) Briefnotes:Edirne. Persian,alongtablet(BalyuziBKoGsays"ithastheproportionsofabook"(237). AccordingtoMacEoinRituals86(n108)thetabletreferstoseveralHajjtablets. Addresseeis'AliMuhammadiSiraj(Sarraj)ofIsfahan. Primary Sources (translations) : INBA 76 (?); Ma'iydihi Asmani vol.7 1497(c). Sections trans. Gleanings L (Ma'iydihi Asmani vol.7 578), Gleanings XCVII (Ma'iydihiAsmanivol.718).Twosentencestrans.GPB169(etext). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mentioned Balyuzi BKoG 237; discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 2623, 2689, mentioned Revelation vol.3 89 mention Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic mysteries" in SBBR5 1734 n192; sections arementionedinDenisMacEoinSourcesforEarlyBabiDoctrineandHistory40, 89,106 Nameoftablet:LawhiSultn(TablettotheKingofPersia,[Nasiri'dDinShah]) Briefnotes:Edirne,afterseparation.
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AccordingtoaletterfromMirzaSa'idKhantoMirzaHusaynKhan,theoriginalof this tablet was sent to the latter, so it may be in Ottoman archives. ArabicandPersian,long. 'Abdu'lBaha says the tablet especially recommended justice for the Jews, but thisisnotborneoutbyBrowne'stranslation. BeginingandendingwordsseeMomenSelectionsBrowne310. AddressedtoNasiri'dDinShah PrimarySources(translations):Mss:LeidenMsOr4970item7;BritishMuseum Or. 3115 (and another in Browne's collection, with some variant readings). Publishedsources:AthariQalamiA'laVol.16696;Alvah/Brazil145201;Rosen2 195216(withnumerousglosses);LawhiMubarakiSultaniIran(withnotesby Azizullah Sulaymani), 132 BE, and repr. India, 158 pages; Mubin/Bombay 98 102(c).Anothereditionnotsightedpubl.Egypt1940. Sectionstrans.PB5760;PDC3941,44,72;selfcitationsinESW11,39.Fulltext trans. Browne in Traveller'sNarrative(TN) 112ff and in the appendix beginning 390. The appendix translates the portions of the tablet which are not cited by 'Abdu'lBahaintheversionofTNwhichBrownehad.ButinthePersian(printed) edition of TN 'Abdu'lBaha cites the whole tablet (?). Browne indicates variant readings,buttheSulaymanieditionhassignificantphrasesmissinginTN.Rosen2 192alsogivesBaha'u'llah'sinstructionstoBadi',anddescribestheMss(partof Ms247) in St Petersburg. These instructions and the excordium not cited in TN areproducedinBrowne'seditionofTN390f,withthePersianoftheinstructions. Browne's translation of the tablet is reprinted in Baha'i World Vol.4 p. 1024, with some sections omitted and changes for clarity or doctrinal purposes. For example,Browne'sopening"I[Baha'u'llah]amaman"becomes"Iamaservant", Browne's "O King" becomes "O Shah". Browne's translation is also the basis of thetranslationinBaha'iScriptures19236881. Browne'stranslationoftheinstructionsisreprintedinBalyuziKingofGlory299 and Taherzadeh Revelation vol.3 176. Part of the Arabic exordium also trans.
ESW11,39,andPB57f,withonlyminordifferencesintranslation.CitedinPDC 423, POB 60. A composite of these translations with Browne's notes at bahai library.com/provisionals.AsectionofBrowne'stranslation(p.395)isprintedin StaroftheWest2:63,withstylisticamendmentsonly,exceptthatBrowne's'will persecutehim'becomes'willcontradictHim'. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : recipient mentionedBaha'u'llahESW11,39,1245;PUP278,203,211,2234,372,3989; discussed'Abdu'lBahaStaroftheWest3:11910andPUP2234;briefmentions of tablet or recipient by Abdu'lBaha in Mahmud's Diary 182; Memorials 3, 50, 136,173;SAQ33,85(footnote);SecretDivineCivilization56,112,105;Shoghi EffendiGPB26,1734,186,14344,1734,1856;mentionsofrecipientGPB197 8,225,232,296;mentionsoftabletandrecipientPDCparagraphs97102,110, 164,182,210,215andelsewhere,passim;mentionofdeathofShahAqdasn177; Balyuzi Eminent Baha'is passim; Balyuzi BKoG 20, 147, 247, 298, 30910; other mentions and illustrations of recipient Balyuzi BKoG passim; discussed TaherzadehRevelationvol.233740,34657,mentionofrecipient246,304,326; mentionedRevelationvol.321,38,109,133,182191,199200,20910,quoted 232;manymentionsofsubjectRevelationvol.4passim discussion in E. G. Browne, A Traveller's Narrative 1028, 151, with annotated partial translation 390400 (online at bahailibrary.com/books/); discussion Browne,The Babis of Persia, their Literature and Doctrines, JRAS XXI 95860 (online at bahailibrary.com/articles); mention Stephen Lambden "Prophecy in the Johannine Farewell Discourse" in BS3 91; discussion of literary style John HatcherOceanofHisWords1268;discussionofpoliticalteachingsintabletJuan ColeModernityandtheMillennium324,76;mentionedDenisMacEoin"Babism toBaha'ism"2256 discussionMoojanMomen,ed.,SelectionsfromtheWritingsofE.G.Browne260 6 Nameoftablet:MathnavyiMubrak,Mathnavi Briefnotes:Istanbul. Persian,300couplets. Not to be confused with the abbreviated title "Mathnavi" both used in non
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Baha'i books and often quoted by the Central Figures, which usually refers to Rumi'sMathnavi Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.3 160192; Ma'iydihi Asmanivol.4;INBA30. Partialtrans.MoojanKhadempresentedIrfanColloquiumAugust1997. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mentioned in unpublishedportionofNabil'shistory(Dawnbreakers)seeBalyuziBKoG2656; anecdote ofBaha'u'llah quotingRumi's Mathnavi Furutan Storiesof Baha'u'llah 34;mentionedTaherzadehCovenant219;discussedTaherzadehRevelationvol.2 2954passim MosaicsymbolismoftabletStephenLambden"SinaiticMysteries"inSBBR5127 8 Nameoftablet:SubhnikaYH(lit."PraisedbeThou,OHe!")alsoknownas theLawhiNaqus(TabletoftheBell), Briefnotes:Istanbul.18Oct1863. Arabic. Composed in a style that lends itself to collective chanting. MacEoin Rituals 64 andFaiziStories43saythisisintendedfortheanniversaryofthedeclarationof theBab. AddresseeisAqaMuhammad'AliyiTambakuFurushiIsfahani;seeKitabiBadi. RisalihAyamTis'ih100106;Ad'iyyihiH.Mahbub14153;variousmss. Trans.MacEoinRituals169172,onlineatbahailibrary.com/provisionals;section trans. BW vol14 632; unpublished trans. 'Ali Kuli Khan and Gail; a provisional trans.StephenLambdenwaspostedonHBahaiinSeptember1998(forthcoming withcommentary,BSB). Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:storyofchanting tabletMirzaHaydarAliStoriesDelightofHearts43(onthis,seealsoR.Jackson ArmstrongIngram, Music, Devotions, and the Mashriqu'lAdhkar 45); brief mention Balyuzi BKoG 206; mention of recipient Balyuzi BKoG 245 footnote; discussedTaherzadehRevelationvol.21824passim,441
Nameoftablet:SriyiAshb(SurihoftheCompanions,SurihoftheServants) Briefnotes:Edirne,beforeseparation(Cole:aboutWinter1866;Lambden:circa 1864). Arabic. Principal addressee is 'Habib': early editions of Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 identifiedrecipientasMirzaHabibiMaraghi'i(286),butforcurrenteditionsand in Revelation vol.2 this is corrected. Actual addressee is Mirza AqayiKashani, also known as Mirza Aqayi Munir and JinabiMunir, surnamed Ismu'llahu'l Muniborsimply"Munib."ManyotherPersianBabisareaddressed. Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.1 149154; Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 122; Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(rev) 205239. Shortpassagetrans.WOB1089;introductionandtrans.JuanColeBSB5:36:1, 474,shortpassagepostedTalisman1/97; Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:biographyAbdu'l Baha Memorials 1457, mention 123; mentioned GPB 169, 182; mention of recipient(referredtoas"Munir")andtabletHaydarAliStoriesDelightofHearts 134; mention of Munir Balyuzi BKoG 33 footnote, 157, 1768, 204, 2645, bio note 479; discussion of recipient andtablet TaherzadehRevelation vol.1 2837; discussedRevelationvol.12837;Revelationvol.259,65106passim,esp.727, 847,114;Revelationvol.3425 complete annotated translation Juan Cole "Bahah'u'llah's 'Surah of the Companions'"inBSB5:36:1(June1991)474;briefmentionStephenLambden "Sinaiticmysteries"inSBBR51356 Nameoftablet:SriyiDamm,Surataddamm(TabletofBlood) Briefnotes:NottobeconfusedwithothertabletstoNabiliA'zam,suchasthat inGleaningsCXXXIX. Edirne,beforeseparation(late1865,early1866). Arabic. AddresseeNabiliA'zamofZarand(NabiliZarandi,MullaMuhammadiZarandi, authorofDawnbreakers).
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Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 5967; Athari QalamiA'laVol.4(rev)115. Sections trans. Gleanings XXXIX (Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 645); trans. and literary analysis of passages by Juan Cole publ. Poetics Today; trans. Cole with commentary posted Talisman Jan 96 and at Cole's web page; sentence trans. WOB139. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of recipient Baha'u'llah Tablets 73; biography of recipient Abdu'lBaha Memorials 326; mentioned GPB 169, mention of recipient GPB 130, 176; brief bio of recipient Unfolding Destiny 406, 427; mentions of recipient Muhammad Aliyi SalmaniMyMemories378,57,85;illustrationBalyuziEminentBaha'is262,bio note26870,andpassim;numerousmentionsofrecipientBalyuziBKoGpassim; many mentions of recipientTaherzadeh Revelation vol.1passim, esp. bio notes 2026; discussed Revelation vol.2 236240, mentions of recipient 59, 114, 140, 166,276;mentionofothertabletstorecipientRevelationvol.37,267,mention of recipient 510, 567, 60, 74, 1767, 209, 240, 2545, 419; many mentions of subjectRevelationvol.4passim briefmentionStephenLambden"Sinaiticmysteries"inSBBR5136 Nameoftablet:SriyiGhusn(TabletoftheBranch) Briefnotes:Edirne,afterseparation. Arabic. Addressee is Mirza 'AliRidayi Mustawfi (Ali Kuli Khan has: Mirza Ali Riza). WOB 1356 (1980 edn) mentions and translates extracts from at least 5 other tablets and prayers of Baha'u'llah for 'Abdu'lBaha. Of these, the tablet written while 'Abdu'lBaha was in Beirut is the Lawhi Ardi Ba. GPB 242 mentions another tablet written in Edirne regarding 'Abdu'lBaha, but addressed to Haji MuhammadIbrahimiKhalil. Primary Sources (translations) : Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 331335; Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(rev) 424430; Ma'iydihi Asmani vol.4 115119. Extractstrans.WOB134135;phrasestrans.GPB177,242.A1918trans.AliKuli
Khan is published in Three Tablets of Baha'u'llah (Collins 1.139) and in Baha'i World Faith 2047 (the latter without Khan's explanations). Said to have been poorlytrans.toEnglish(LightofDivineGuidancevol.1,pages6566),whichmay refertotheanonymoustranslationof190?(Collins1.127). Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitionMomen Basic Baha'i Dictionary 2, 218; mention ofthe "Most Great Branch" Baha'u'llah Tablets2212,227;someversesexplainedby'Abdu'lBahaintablettoHajiMirza Haydar'Ali,partofwhichistrans.WOB238;PUP323,mentionedGPB177,242; MessagesfromtheUHJ196386para.330.2;definitionof"aghsan"and"ghusn" Aqdas n66; Balyuzi Abdu'lBaha 223, 220, 270; Balyuzi BKoG 250, mention of "ghusn" 420; discussed Eminent Baha'is 523; Taherzadeh Covenant 104, 136, 219, 267, 430; discussed Taherzadeh Revelation vol.2 38896 full discussion of the meaning of the Baha'i covenant, with coverage of this tablet, in Moojan Momen "The Covenant," online at bahailibrary.com/encyclopedia/covenant.html; coverage of a variety of covenantal issues in Heller "Covenant and the Foundations of Civil Society," in BW 199596, 185222; brief discussion of covenantal symbolism in Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries..." in SBBR5 122; discussion of the style of Writings on the Covenant,includingthistablet,inHatcherOceanofHisWords15364 Nameoftablet:SriyiHajj,LawhiHajjIandII(TabletsofPilgrimage) Brief notes : Suriyi Hajj I refers to pilgrimage to Shiraz; SuriyiHajj II refers to pilgrimagetoBaghdad. BothtabletsrevealedinEdirne,thefirstbeforetheMostGreatSeparation(see GPB169)andthesecondafter. PrimarySources(translations):SuriyiHajjI: AthariQalamiA'laVol.4(i)75100;AmrvaKhalq4120134part;GanjiShayigan 823part. Sectiontrans.MacEoinRituals154163. SuriyiHajjII:
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Gleanings LVII; Athari Qalami A'la Vol.4(i) 192215; Amr va Khalq 4 109120; GanjiShayigan834part. Sectiontrans.MacEoinRituals163168;Rituals86(n116)notestextualvariants betweenAthariQalamiA'laVol.4204fandAmrvaKhalq4,withoutspecifying. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Both tablets mentioned in GPB 1767; mentioned Balyuzi BKoG 250; discussed Taherzadeh Revelationvol.2240 described Denis MacEoin Rituals in Babism and Baha'ism 523, sections translated ibid. 15468; discussion of tablets and pilgrimage in the Baha'i Faith WalbridgeSacredActs105119 Nameoftablet:Sriyi'Ibd(TabletoftheServants) Briefnotes:Nottobeconfusedwithalater"LawhiSiyyidMihdiyiDahaji"(see Revelation vol.4 2367); Siyyih Mihdiyi Dahaji received many tablets from Baha'u'llah. earlyEdirne,circa1864. AddresseeisSiyyidMihdiyiDahaji. PrimarySources(translations):AQ4(i)2334. PartialtranslationinGleaningsXXXI(AQ42425). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : ~mentions of recipientMuhammadAliyiSalmaniMyMemories76andfootnote;BalyuziBKoG 33(footnote),132,158, 2423,247, 344, 348; discussedTaherzadeh Revelation vol.2 2725, mention of recipient 1189, 290; mention of recipient Revelation vol.3209,2267,234;mentionofrecipientRevelationvol.42367,287footnote brief mention Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries" in SBBR5 130; mention of recipientJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium94 Nameoftablet:SriyiMulk,SuratalMuluk(TablettotheKings,Surihofthe Kings)
Briefnotes:Edirne,afterseparation(late1867). Arabic. SectionsareaddressedtotheKingscollectivelyPDC2024,GleaningsCXVI(same as PDC 2324), CXVIII (same as PDC 2122 except that the phrase "that the burdenofyourexpendituresmaybelightened"isomittedonPDC21);toSultan 'Abdu'l'AzizGleaningsCXIV(GPB159;161;PB514);tohisministersGleanings LXV(GPB172);tothepeopleofIstanbulGleaningsLXVI(GPB173);tothedivines and philosophers of Istanbul (PB 1023; GPB 1723); to the French ambassador (GPB 172); to the Persian Ambassador Haji Mirza Husayn Khan (surnamed Mushiru'dDawlih); Gleanings CXIII (GPB 1723); to the Kings of Christendom (PDC2627);tothepeopleofPersia(GPB173);tothephilosophersoftheworld (GPB173). Primary Sources (translations) : Alvah/Brazil 370; partially in Rosen2 p. 1478; INBA34 Alvahi Nazilih (Tehran: MMMA, 1968); Athari Qalami A'la vol.1; Alvah/Bombay. Sectionstrans.GleaningsLXV,LXVI,CXIII,CXIV,CXVI(sameasPDC2324),CXVIII (mostlythesameasPDC2122),PB514,andPDC2024. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : ~mentions of Mushiru'dDawlih by Baha'u'llah ESW 6870; definition/bio notes Momen Basic Baha'iDictionary2,217;mentionsofandaddressestoKingsAqdas7884,163; briefmentionofrecipientMirzaHusaynKhanbyAbdu'lBahainMahmud'sDiary 167, bio note 443; mention of tablet and/or recipient(s) GPB 159, 161, 1715, 179,190,207,225,2278,316;PDCparagraphs245,3950,8696,119,14962 passim,170,1737,195,224;mentionoftabletandAbdu'lAzizWorldOrder173 4, 176; Turkey in Baha'i history Baha'i Administration 1512, 1679; Messages fromtheUHJ196386paras.14.5,20.10,24.1516,41,45.1,128.8;tabletquoted Balyuzi BKoG 20711, discussed 2123; mentions of recipient Abdu'lAziz BKoG 139,199,2067,245,2534,2613,2835,307,337,352,35961,379,412,425 6;mentionsofrecipientMirzaHusaynKhanBKoG137,154,191,199,203,2124 (quotes from ESW and another tablet to Husayn Khan), 248, 257, 2867, 300, 4418, 446, bio note 4723, and briefly elsewhere passim; mentions of Mirza Husayn Khan Balyuzi Abdu'lBaha 18; mentions of Abdu'lAziz 1822, 34, 319; mentions of recipient Abdu'lAziz Balyuzi Eminent Baha'is 183, 208; mention of MirzaHusaynKhanEminentBaha'is240;mentionsofAbdu'lAzizTaherzadehThe Covenant86,94;discussionoftabletandrecipientsTaherzadehRevelationvol.2
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30136passim,mentioned1,559,612,278,301,3201,3258,332,337,3701, 398401,418;mentionedRevelationvol.3109,147,238,242,251,quoted156; mentions of Abdu'lAziz Revelation vol.3 14, 189, 378, 52, 69, 87, 91, 99102, 123, 1514, 191, 252, 410, 4139, mentions of Mirza Husayn Khan 2189; mentionsofAbdu'lAzizRevelationvol.427,95,1045,2402,421,mentionsof MirzaHusaynKhan434 politicalteachingscontainedintabletinJohnEsslemont,Baha'u'llahandtheNew Era, 31, 1356, 235, 246discussion of literary style John Hatcher Ocean of His Words1268,131;socialteachingsintabletJuanCole"Baha'u'llahandLiberation Theology" in SBBR8 889; Mosaic symbolism Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries"inSBBR5137;discussionofBaha'u'llah'ssocialandpoliticalteachings in tablet Cole Modernity and the Millennium 32, 536, 89, 1259; prophecies containedintabletGaryMatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah589,155;complete discussionMoojanMomen,ed.,SelectionsfromtheWritingsofE.G.Browne260 4(asRosen's"tablettotheShahofPersia";seenotetop.264) Name of tablet : SriyiRa's I, SuratarRais I, Lawhi Ra'is I (Tablet of the Premier,TablettoOttomanfirstministerMehmetEmin'AliPasha) Brief notes : Not to be confused with either the later LawhiRa'is (see note below) or the tablet to Dhabih included in Baha'u'llah Gleanings CXV. Edirne period (Rabi'u'thThani 1285/August 1868, at Kashanih en route to Gallipoli). Arabic. Theformaladdresseeis'AliPasha,butitwasrevealedforDhabih(fullnameHaji MuhammadIsma'iliDhabihofKashan,knownasAnis,theFriend).Recipientnot tobeconfusedwithSiyyidIsma'ilofZavarih,whowasalsosurnamedDhabih(see Revelationvol.11013). OpeningandclosingwordsaregiveninMomenSelectionsBrowne3112. PrimarySources(translations):Majmu'ihyiAlvahiMubarakih87102;Rosen2 224231. Substantial parts are trans. Momen Selections Browne 2669, and Browne's translation is used as a basis for a more complete trans. in Baha'i Scriptures8894,whichhoweveromitsthelastpartofthetabletdealingwiththe
natureandprogressofthesoul(Revelationvol.2417).Thispartofthetabletis apparentlyuntrans.GleaningsLXXXII,mightbeworthinvestigatinginthisregard, but note the reference in that passage to the large number of tablets covering these subjects. Sentences from the first part, covered in Baha'i Scriptures, are alsotrans.PDC60,723;GPB172,1778(twice);WOB945;164.Thepassagesin GPB172indicatefamiliaritywithbothprevioustranslationsbutsometimesdiffer fromboth.Partofthistabletistrans.PUP398399,whereitiscalledthe"Epistle to the Sultan of Turkey." In a number of instances the passages trans. Shoghi Effendi (above) agree with PUP where it differs from the Baha'i Scriptures version.Apassageconcerningtheofficer'UmarcitedinGPB171andsaidtobe fromthistabletisinfactfromtheLawhiRa'isIII. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : definition/bio notesMomenBasicBaha'iDictionary15;mentionofrecipientBaha'u'llahTablets 210; mention of tablet Baha'u'llah Gleanings 39 (same tablet?); mentions of tablet to Sultan of Turkey (same tablet?) PUP 278, 203, 224, 372, 3989, 432; describedGPB174,1801,187;mentionofAliPashaPDCparagraphs158,163; mentionsofAliPashaBalyuziBKoG13,154,2067,262,458,471,bionote469; mentionsofDhabihBalyuziBKoG132,157,253,2601,264;mentionofAliPasha Taherzadeh Revelation vol.1 225, 227, 244; discussed Revelation vol.2 4117, mentionofAliPasha55,57,312,398,401;mentionofAliPashaRevelationvol.3 34, 36, 91, 99 footnote, 100 footnote, 109, 419, quoted 151; mentioned Revelationvol.434andfootnote,87 E.G.Browne,MaterialsfortheStudyoftheBabiReligion2931(onlineatbahai library.com/books);discussionMoojanMomen,ed.,SelectionsfromtheWritings ofE.G.Browne2669;JuanColeModernityandtheMillennium5775;prophecies containedintabletGaryMatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah589 (Note:Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.334footnote,writesthat"ShoghiEffendigenerally referredto[thetwotabletstoAliPasha]inthisorder[as"SuriyiRa'isandLawh iRa'is"], although occasionally he usedthe designation Surih for Lawhand vice versa"; hence, some of the sources listed here might actually refer to the later tablet.) Taherzadeh,inRevelationvol.399n,adds:"The[re]weretheLawhiRa'isandthe LawhiFu'adaddressedto'AliPashaandFu'adPasharespectivelyandnottothe Sultan,althoughreferencesaremadetotheSultaninthesetablets"
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NameofTablet:KitabiAqdas(TheMostHolyBook) Add'l info from the Leiden List : Arabic edition with Persian notes, 1995 Haifa. Forasummaryofearlierpublishededitionssee'Rituals'812n2. Primary Sources : English trans. Baha'i World Centre 1992. Two earlier official sources are (1) Baha'i World volume XV: 196873, which has brief letters from the Universal House of Justice regarding the publication of the Synopsis and Codification..., the Synopsis itself, and other related official statements, and (2) the separate book publication of the Synopsis and Codification... (1973) which also adds a lengthy letter from the House introducing and summarizing the Aqdas. OtherEnglishtranslationsdonebyAntonHaddad,EarlElder,andMarziehGail. Twoofthesecanbefoundonlineinparallelwiththeofficialtranslationatbahai library.com/provisionals.FrenchMstrans.byDreyfus190?,62pp,andseparate Mstrans.ofQuestionsandAnswers,n.d.;fortheformerseeParisArchivesBoite 11107, Grand cahier noir:122 (according to Laura DreyfusBarney, "Hippolyte Dreyfus. Article for Baha'i World": "He [Hippolyte DreyfusBarney] trans....the Aqdas which he annotated during a sojourn in 'Akka with the aid of 'Abdu'l Baha".); brief comments by Ruhiyyih (Rabbani) Khanum about the Guardian's translationinTheGuardianoftheBaha'iFaith23738. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 13233; date in A Basic Baha'i Chronology 99; 120, 138; 145; 166; 476; Some Answered Questions 64; explanation of verse 1 in ibid 238; explanation of verse 47 in ibid. 17174; brief mention in Promulgation of UniversalPeace454andelsewhere,passim;biographyofZaynu'lMuqarrabinin MemorialsoftheFaithful150153;GodPassesBy14,139,177,20609,21316, 219,25455,326,328,411;PromisedDayisCome3942,5860,6465,92,9495, 100,11821,13337(pagenumbersdifferindifferenteditions);WorldOrderof Baha'u'llahpassim;3sentencesabouttranslationandpunishmentsinUnfolding Destiny 455; discussion of the relationship between the Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice as elucidated in the Aqdas in Messages from the UniversalHouseofJustice196819733744,reprintedinCovenantofBaha'u'llah 43840;coverageinRev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.126,60,153,160,212,301;vol.2120, 122, 130, 240, 35455, 389; vol.3 147, 164, 240, 275399; vol.4 114, 116, 123,
13839, 160, 212, 24856, 299300, 321, 399, 400, 417, 421, 423, 433; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 245, 319, 35153, 382, 422, 425; Covenant of Baha'u'llah24,68,99,141,143,15556,17576,212,21819,240,264,26667, 31013,378,382,386,390,396,40102;EminentBaha'is189,259;'AbdulBaha: Centre of the Covenant 49, 51, 163, 492 full discussion of the KitabiAqdas in John Walbridge "The KitabiAqdas" available online at bahailibrary.com/ encyclopedia/aqdas.html; discussion of the Aqdas' gendered language in Baharieh Ma'ani "The Effect of Philosophical and Linguistic Gender Biases..." JournalofBaha'iStudies8:15961;examinationofsomeofthesignificancesof theAqdasandthepossibleimpactofitspublicationuponitsWesternaudience in Udo Schaefer "'The Balance hath been Appointed': Some Thoughts on the PublicationoftheKitabiAqdas"Baha'iStudiesReview3:1(1993),alsoavailable onlineatbahailibrary.com/articles/balance.aqdas.html;discussionofthe"twin duties,"socialaction,andothertopicsinJohnS.Hatcher"UnsealingtheChoice Wine..."inJournalofBaha'iStudies6:32736;examinationofthelegalaspects andsocialprinciplesoftheAqdasinMarthaSchweitz"TheKitabiAqdas:Baha'i Law,Legitimacy,andWorldOrder"inJournalofBaha'iStudies6:13559;Robert Stockman discusses the translation of the Aqdas in "Revelation, Interpretation, andElucidationintheBaha'iWritings"inScriptureandRevelation(Baha'iStudies vol.3) 6366; John Walbridge offers an extended discussion of the Aqdas in SacredActs...(Baha'iStudiesvol.1)xiii,34,1622,248252,andnumerousother pages, passim; brief comments on an early translation in Robert Stockman, Baha'i Faith in America vol.1 160; vol.2 11, 27, 363, 438n.38; see also other minorcitations,esp.concerningtheestablishmentoflocal"HousesofJustice,"in ibid.passim;historyinHatcher/Martin'sBaha'iFaith...GlobalReligion4647,153 56; full introduction in Anonymous "The KitabiAqdas: Its Place in Baha'i Literature" in The Baha'i World 199293 10318; discussion of "sociocultural constructs" given in the Aqdas in R. Jackson ArmstrongIngram "The Provisions for Sexuality in the KitabiAqdas in the Context of Late Nineteenth Century Eastern and Western Sexual Ideologies" available online at bahailibrary.com/ conferences/sex.aqdas.html; analysis of the treatment of homosexuality in the Kitabi Aqdas and its background in Kamran Hakim "Commentary on Kitabi Aqdas verse 107" available online at bahailibrary.com/ essays/aqdas.107.html; explorationofphilosophicalframeworkbyWilliamHatcherin"TheKitabiAqdas: TheCausalityPrincipleintheWorldofBeing"inTheBaha'iWorld199394189 236;randomobservationsinJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium38,6466, 68,73,76,91,95,149,158,17173,186;DavidS.RuheDoorofHope...4648,51, 56; discussionof the style of Writings on the Covenant, including theAqdas, in
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JohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords15364;passingmentionsinibid.11,16, 71, 79, 99, 122, and other places, passim; a few studies examining the inheritancelawsintheAqdasincludeBahiyyihNakhjavani"Exemption"inBaha'i Studies Review 3.1 (1993) 7578, available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/exemption.html,SeenaFazel"Inheritance"inibid.4.1(1994)7175,Sen McGlinn "Some considerations relating to the inheritance laws of the Kitabi Aqdas"inibid5.1(1995)3750,availableonlineat bahailibrary.com/articles/inheritance.BSR.htmland bahailibrary.com/articles/inheritance.arjmand.html, Linda and John Walbridge "Baha'iLawsontheStatusofMen"inWorldOrder19:12(1984)2536,Johnand Linda Walbridge "A Question of Gender" in Dialogue 1987 3234, and Martha LeachSchweitz"OfWebsandLadders:GenderEqualityinBaha'iLaw"inWorld Order27:1(1995)22;SuheilBushrui'sTheStyleoftheKitabiAqdasisalengthy meditation with occasional literary analysis; more analysis is provided in Sen McGlinn's review of this book in Baha'i Studies Review 6 (1996) 9396, also available online at bahailibrary.com/ reviews/; some opinions on Baha'u'llah's teachings on politics in the Aqdas in Juan Cole "Iranian Millenarianism and DemocraticThoughtinthe19thCentury"inInternationalJournalofMiddleEast Studies24(1992)126passim;1/2pageonthemeaningof"irfan"inverse1in JalilMahmoudi"Ìrfan,Gnosis,orMysticalKnowledge"inWorldOrder7:4(1973) 14; discussion of Baha'i law in the Aqdas in Afshin Khavari "Parallels Between Islamic and Baha'i laws and Constitutional Principles" at bahailibrary.com/ articles/parallels.html;somephilosophicalmeditationsontheintroductoryverse of the Aqdas by Sen McGlinn in "Commentary on Kitabi Aqdas verse one" at bahailibrary.com/articles/aqdas.verse1.html;moreinformationcanbefoundin anonlinetranslationprojectoftheAqdasatbahailibrary.com/provisionals. NameofTablet:LawhiAhbab(TabletoftheFriends) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:AQA196113. PrimarySources:(noprimarysource) Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.325859. NameofTablet:LawhiFu'ad(TabletondeathofFu'adPasha) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Dated1869.Rosen22313;Mubin.
Primary Sources : Sentence trans. Promised Day is Come 106; prov. trans. availableonrequest;WebCole.Trans.withcommentarybyJColepostedHBahai May97;idematWebCole;AddresseeShaykhKazimiSamandarofQazvin. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : mention of subject in God Passes By 28, 231; Promised Day is Come 10001, 106; Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.1225;discussioninvol.2375;vol.387107,151,419;vol.4437; illustration of subject Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 254; bio of subject ibid. 471; mentionofsubjectibid.154,199,254,458,469,476,484;'AbdulBaha:Centreof theCovenant2021;summaryofTabletinAdibTaherzadeh"ThreeMomentous Years of the Heroic Age18681870" in Baha'i World XV: 196873 768. mention of subject Hatcher/Martin's Baha'i Faith...Global Religion 38n.16, 46; discussion and mention of subject Juan Cole Modernity and theMillennium 31, 56, 5860, 61, 72, 8990, 148, 157; discussion of Tablet's prophecy in Gary Matthews Challenge of Baha'u'llah 4950; some comments on Baha'u'llah's address of subject in this Tablet in Juan Cole "Iranian Millenarianism and DemocraticThoughtinthe19thCentury"inInternationalJournalofMiddleEast Studies24(1992),126passim. NameofTablet:LawhiHaftPursish(TabletofSevenQuestions) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaM240248andreprod.inBSB7:345359; incompletetext(withoutintroduction)inZapiskiImperatorskoyAcademiinaukS. Petersburg 8th series, Vol. 3, No. 6 (1899) 100108, with Russian trans., and minorvariantreadingsfromMaM.Persian, PrimarySources:trans.withnotesShahriarRazaviBaha'iStudiesBulletin7:34, 4868. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.3,272;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory9. mention in Christopher Buck "Baha'u'llah and CrossCultural Messianism" in In Iran(SBBRvol.3)168. NameofTablet:LawhiMalikiRus(TablettoCzarAlexanderIIofRussia) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:AQA15761;AlwBraz121128.Arabic. Primary Sources :Trans. in Proclamation of Baha'u'llah 2730, Promised Day is Come 4748, 5255; by E.G. Brown in (?), also printed in Kheirella and McNutt
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1900.AsecondTablettotheCzar,writtenmuchlaterinBaha'u'llah'sministry,is available in provisional translation at hnet2.msu.edu/~bahai /trans/vol2/tsar2.htm. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 13 and photograph of subject in ibid. 131; explanation from 'Abdu'lBahaofalineinthisTabletinAliAkbarFurutanStoriesofBaha'u'llah48 49; God Passes By 106, 207, 22627; Promised Day is Come 32, 9091; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.3 111, 113, 118123; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 44547; 'Abdul Baha:CentreoftheCovenant109. discussionofTabletandsubjectJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium60,65, 75,126;passingmentionsinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords129;some commentsonBaha'u'llah'saddressofsubjectinthisTabletinJuanCole"Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the 19th Century" in International JournalofMiddleEastStudies24(1992),126passim. NameofTablet:LawhiMalikih(TablettoQueenVictoria) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:AQA16166;AlwBraz131141(andreprod.in BSB7:34,1121);LeidenMsOr4970item4;partiallyinRosen2p.1478.Arabic. PrimarySources:Trans.inBaha'iScriptures111115;sectionstransl.Gleanings CXIXCXX;EpistletotheSonoftheWolf5964;PromisedDayisCome4243,55 58;ProclamationofBaha'u'llah3335;prov.trans.byShahrokhMonjazebBaha'i Studies Bulletin 7:34; by Browne in (?). Browne's trans. also published in KheirellaandMcNutt1900. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentioninBasic Baha'iDictionary13,131;dateinABasicBaha'iChronology88,148;GodPasses By 206, 2078, 211; Promised Day is Come 32, 106; brief comments from the Universal House of Justice on the Queen's response to this Tablet at bahai library.com/ uhj/napoleon.victoria.html; discussion in Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.3 123132; mention of subject in vol.4 388, 434; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 153, 445,451;'AbdulBaha:CentreoftheCovenant163,370. brief discussion in Baharieh Ma'ani "The Effect of Philosophical and Linguistic Gender Biases..." in Journal of Baha'i Studies 8:1 60; mentions of subject in Hatcher/MartinBaha'iFaith...GlobalReligion43,45;Gouvion/JouvionGardeners of God 5859; discussion of Tablet and subject Juan Cole Modernity and the Millennium41,60,63,65,93,98,100,129,152;discussionofTablet'sprophecy
in Gary Matthews Challenge of Baha'u'llah 4748; some comments on Baha'u'llah'saddressofsubjectinthisTabletinJuanCole"IranianMillenarianism andDemocraticThoughtinthe19thCentury"inInternationalJournalofMiddle East Studies 24 (1992), 126 passim; an article originally written for an encyclopedia by Juan Cole on "Baha'u'llah's Tablets to the Rulers" is available onlineatbahailibrary.com/encyclopedia/kings.html. NameofTablet:LawhiManikchiSahib(TablettoManikchi) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaM259267. Primary Sources : Gleanings CVI; prov. trans. available on private request Cole, forAbha.PartialtranslationbyE.G.Browne,"ThreeEpistlestotheZorastrians," inJournaloftheRoyalAsiaticSociety24(1892). Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.326971. relativelydetailedbiographyofsubjectinGolAidun"ManekjiLimjiHatariaand theBaha'iFaith"inBaha'iStudiesNotebook1:1(1980),4762;paragraphabout ManekjiincontextoflargerdiscussiononZoroastrianismandtheBaha'iFaithin MichaelFischer"SocialChangeandtheMirrorsofTradition:Baha'isofYazd"in DebatingMuslims...23334,alsofoundinTheBaha'iFaithandIslam36;mention inChristopherBuck"Baha'u'llahandCrossCulturalMessianism"inInIran(SBBR vol.3) 16768, 17475; mention of subject Juan Cole Modernity and the Millennium147,150. NameofTablet:LawhiNapulyunII(2dTab.NapoleonIII) Add'l info from the Leiden List : Dated 1869. AQA1 4757; AlwBraz 95117; KHay;oneofthetabletstoNapoleonisinLeidenOrMs4970item5;onetablet toNapoleoninRosen2Ms247item2.Thesectiontrans.inPromisedDayisCome 4649(pagenumbersdifferindifferenteditions)isextractsfromthetexttrans. inProclamationofBaha'u'llah1723,withminorvariations,butPromisedDayis Come48hasoneparagraphbeginning"Abandonthypalaces"whichisisnotin ProclamationofBaha'u'llah.AsectionincludedinEpistletotheSonoftheWolf 4950aspartofthistabletisseparatelypresentedinProclamationofBaha'u'llah 956withnumeroussignificanttrans.differencessomeaffectingcontent. PrimarySources:Sectionstrans.GleaningsCLVIIIandEpistletotheSonofthe Wolf 4656. French trans. by Dreyfus (published?). The French trans. by Louis
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CatafagomaybeinParisStateArchives.Trans.ProclamationofBaha'u'llah1723 based on selfcitation Epistle to the Son of the Wolf 46ff., omitting two paragraphs Epistle to the Son of the Wolf 523 beginning "And if anyone ask them:"andanother2paragraphsEpistletotheSonoftheWolf5455beginning "Dothitbehooveyoutorelateyourselves..."Thefirstofthesemaynotbefrom the Tablet to Napoleon, although the form implies it is. The latter has a close parallelinGleaningsCXXVIII(SuriyiBayan). Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentioninBasic Baha'iDictionary13andphotographofsubjectinibid.131;dateinABasicBaha'i Chronology 88; Some Answered Questions 3233; Promulgation of Universal Peace2728,211,223;GodPassesBy207;PromisedDayisCome32,77,7984, 92; comments from the Universal House of Justice on Napoleon's response to thisTabletatbahailibrary.com/uhj/napoleon.victoria.html;discussioninRev.of Baha'u'llahvol.2369;vol.381,110115,149,201;mentionofsubjectinvol.495, 249, 388, 434; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 320, 352, 392, 426; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 2122; 'AbdulBaha: Centre of the Covenant 63. mention of subject in Hatcher/Martin's Baha'i Faith...Global Religion 4546; discussionofTabletandsubjectJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium60,63 64, 76, 124, 127, 131, 155; discussion of Tablet's prophecy in Gary Matthews Challenge of Baha'u'llah 4344; some comments on Baha'u'llah's address of subject in this Tablet in Juan Cole "Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thoughtinthe19thCentury"inInternationalJournalofMiddleEastStudies24 (1992),126passim. NameofTablet:LawhiPap(TablettoPopePiusIX) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Datedaround1869.AQA13846;AlwBraz73 90;LeidenMsOr4970item2;Rosen2Ms247item2.Arabic. PrimarySources:Trans.ProclamationofBaha'u'llah836;PromisedDayisCome 4952,17374;byE.G.Brownein(?);alsoprintedinKheirellaandMcNutt1900; summary of impressions of the Tablet by a nonBaha'i reprinted in Moojan Momen, "...Christian Missionaries and the Babi and Baha'i Communities," in StudiesinBabiandBaha'iHistory(SBBRvol.1)6364. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:mentioninBasic Baha'iDictionary13andphotographofsubjectinibid.131;dateinABasicBaha'i Chronology88,94;GodPassesBy209,227;PromisedDayisCome20,32,4344, 7980,8590,16568(relatedquotations);Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.3116118,133.
mention in Christopher Buck "Baha'u'llah and CrossCultural Messianism" in In Iran (SBBR vol.3) 16566; mention of subject in Hatcher/Martin's Baha'i Faith...Global Religion 4445; Gouvion/Jouvion Gardeners of God 60; passing mentions in John S. Hatcher The Ocean of His Words 12930; Gary Matthews ChallengeofBaha'u'llah62. NameofTablet:LawhiPisarÀmm(TablettotheCousin) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:IQT174182. PrimarySources:(noprimarysource) Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.321618. NameofTablet:LawhiQadIhtaraqa'lMukhlisun(TheFireTablet) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:T&T219224;AHM16979;INBA30;published separately asQadIhtaraqa'l Mukhlisun, London,1980.Addressee isHaji Siyyid 'AliAkbariDahaji. PrimarySources:Trans.Baha'iPrayers,1982and1991USAeditions,pages214 20;alternateprov.trans.alsoexistsMacEoin,inRitualsinBabismandBahaism 1347 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : date in A Basic Baha'iChronology95;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.322631;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory 32122. mentionofsubjectJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium94. NameofTablet:LawhiRa'isII(Tabletto'AliPasha) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaM102116.Persian. (Note: Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.3 34, footnote, writes that "Shoghi Effendi generallyreferredto[thetwoTabletstoAliPasha]inthisorder[as"SuriyiRa'is andLawhiRa'is"],althoughoccasionallyheusedthedesignationSurihforLawh and vice versa"; hence, some of the sources listed here might actually refer to theearlierTablet.)
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Primary Sources : one sentence in World Order of Baha'u'llah 194. Full provisional translation, published in Star of the West Vol.2 No.2, April 9 1911, page3,availableonlineatbahailibrary.com/provisionals/lawh.rais.2.html. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'iDictionary217,mentioninibid.13;dateinABasicBaha'iChronology86, 88; God Passes By187, 231; Promised Day is Come 7374, 99, 120; mention of subjectRev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.1225,227,244;vol.255,57,312,398,401,411, 41314; discussion in vol.3 20, 3334, 367, 87, 91, 99n., 100n., 103, 109, 419; vol.4 437; illustration of subject Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 206; bios of subjects ibid. 469 and 471; mention of subject ibid. 13, 62, 154, 199, 20607, 283, 458, 471;'AbdulBaha:CentreoftheCovenant2021;summaryofTabletandsubject inAdibTaherzadeh,"ThreeMomentousYearsoftheHeroicAge18681870,"in Baha'iWorldXV:196873768. mention of subject Hatcher/Martin's Baha'i Faith...Global Religion 38n.16, 46; discussion and mention of subject Juan Cole Modernity and theMillennium 30, 31,5459,61,68,72,75,90,157;DavidS.RuheDoorofHope2831,205,224, 228;discussionofTablet'sprophecyinGaryMatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah 4951;somecommentsonBaha'u'llah'saddressofsubjectinthisTabletinJuan Cole "Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the 19th Century" in InternationalJournalofMiddleEastStudies24(1992),126passim. NameofTablet:LawhiRidvan(LeidenListgivesasLawhiRidvanIII) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Datedprob.9thdayRidvan1869.AyT313. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.35357. Walbridge describes at length the meaning of Ridvan in Sacred Acts... (Baha'i Studiesvol.1)23341. NameofTablet:LawhiRu'ya(TabletofVision) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Dated1Muharram1290/1March1873.AyT 1620. Primary Sources : Prov. trans. available on private request posted Juan Cole Talisman 8/96, for the anniversary of the birth of the Bab; summary of the Tablet'scontentsinJohnWalbridge,SacredActs...(Baha'iStudiesvol.1)161
Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : God Passes By 221; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.3 22324; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 246. briefmentioninDavidS.RuheDoorofHope111. NameofTablet:LawhiSalman(TabletofSalmanII) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Akka,earlyinimprisonment.MaM124128. Primary Sources : paragraph in Juan Cole Modernity and the Millennium 60; prov.trans.availableonprivaterequest.postedJuanCole,Irfan9/96 Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : biography of subjectinMemorialsoftheFaithful1316;discussionRev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.325 28;17475;mentionofsubjectvol.110913,25556;vol.267,168,208,263,283, 384, 400; vol.4 172; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 6364, 87; 'AbdulBaha: Centre of theCovenant96. discussionJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium60,73;mentionofsubjectin StoriesfromtheDelightofHearts133. NameofTablet:LawhiSiyyidiMihdiyiDahajiI(TablettoSiyyidiMihdiyi DahajiI) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:AlABe1638. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah193202. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.423637;mentionofsubjectCovenantofBaha'u'llah166,21617, 252. NameofTablet:LawhiTibb(TablettothePhysicianorTabletofMedicine). Add'l info from the Leiden List : MaM 222226 (reproduced Baha'i Studies Bulletin6:47:22529).ArabicPersian,early1870s. Primary Sources : Prov. trans. by Khazeh Fananapazir and Stephen Lambden Baha'iStudiesBulletin6:47:2(1992)1765.ParagraphstranslatedinEsslement, Baha'u'llahandtheNewEra106,108,112. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.3358360;onhealthandhealingseeSomeAnsweredQuestions 15859, 25459, Selections from the Writings of Abdu'lBaha 15056,
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PromulgationofUniversalPeace20405,andLightsofGuidance(3rded.)27699. lengthycommentaryonthisTabletbyKhazehFananapazirandStephenLambden in Baha'i Studies Bulletin 6:47:2 (1992) 1765; very brief mention in Stephen Lambden,"TheWordBaha..."inJournalofBaha'iStudies8:23940;mentionin Baharieh Ma'ani "The Effect of Philosophical and Linguistic Gender Biases..." in Journal of Baha'i Studies 8:1 63; many other secondary sources discuss health andhealingwithoutmentioningthisTabletwritetoJonahWintersforresearch assistance. NameofTablet:SuriyiHaykal,Suratu'lHaykal(SurahoftheTemple,Surahof theBody) Add'l info from the Leiden List : First written in Edirne but revised in 'Akka, probably in 1869 (UHJ memo). AQA1 238; AQA4(i) 268300; Mubin 238, with numerous variations; Rosen2 Ms 247, reproduced in full pp. 149192; revised AQA1.Baha'u'llahhadthistabletandthosetoPiusIX,NapoleonIII,AlexanderII andNasiri'dDinShahwrittenintheformofapentacle(seeGodPassesBy212 3)see also Baha'i World Center, "Questions about the Suratu'lHaykal," unpublishedmemo,5September1993.Arabic. PrimarySources:Paragraphstrans.byShoghiEffendiinPromisedDayisCome 76;WorldOrderofBaha'u'llah(1955)10910,117,13839,169andGodPasses By 1012 (maiden passage). Early trans. by Anton Haddad circulated widely in mimeothis trans. available online at bahailibrary.com/ provisionals; summary of the Tablet's contents in John Walbridge, Sacred Acts... (Baha'i Studies vol.1) 16668;Paragraphstrans.inStyleoftheKitabiAqdas40,62. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 216; one paragraph history of Tablet in Some Answered Questions3233;briefmentioninPromulgationofUniversalPeace433;Promised DayisCome7576,79(pagenumbersdifferindifferenteditions);GodPassesBy 21213(verybriefmention);Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.142,12122;vol.3132147; vol.4133;CovenantofBaha'u'llah3839,130. JohnWalbridgeprovidesafulldescriptionofthisTabletinSacredActs...(Baha'i Studies vol.1) 16569 and an article "Tablet of the Temple (Suratu'lHaykal)" available online at bahailibrary.com/ encyclopedia/haykal.html; brief summary and description in Robert Stockman Baha'i Faith in America vol.2 27, 438n.37; delineationoftheninefoldcategorizationoftheWritingsofBaha'u'llahinSuheil
BushruiTheStyleoftheKitabiAqdas4041;lengthiercoverageofsameinJohn S.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords97100;discussionofallegoryinTabletinibid. 13839;passingmentionsinibid.5051;discussionofTablet'sprophecyinGary MatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah4244,83.
NameofTablet:AsliKullu'lKhayr(WordsofWisdom) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA9294;INBA30. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah153158. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : passing commentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords12124and elsewhere ExcerptsfromotherTablets PrimarySources:(Section17,TabletsofBaha'u'llahRevealedaftertheKitabi Aqdas) Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : see a List of recipientsanddatesofSection17,"ExcerptsfromotherTablets." NameofTablet:Ishraqat(Splendours) Add'l info from the Leiden List : Dated 9 Dhi Qa'dih 1302/21 August 1885(?). MaA5779.IQT5085.EarliesttranscriptionintheInternationalArchivesisdated 12Izzat44B.E.(1888),byZaynu'lMuqarrabin. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah99134. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 122; some information from the Universal House of Justice regarding the history of this Tablet can be found at bahailibrary.com/ uhj/ishraqat.html; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 16, 116, 14660, 162; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 382; Eminent Baha'is 62; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 166, 215, 402. brief discussion Juan Cole Modernity and the Millennium 35, 95, 158; passing commentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords71,12224 NameofTablet:KalimatiFirdawsiyyih(WordsofParadise) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA3045. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah5580.
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Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 126; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 17576, 196, 21426, 374; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 382; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 396, 402. passingcommentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords79 80, 12224; discussion of Tablet's prophecy in Gary Matthews Challenge of Baha'u'llah8687.Themanymentionsof,quotationsfromthememoirsof,and brief biographies of Haji Mirza Haydar Ali, in whose honor this Tablet was revealed,includeadetailedchapterinEminentBaha'isintheTimeofBaha'u'llah, 237250; Revelation of Baha'u'llah vol.1 2829, vol.2 6873, 184202, 43850, vol.3 99104, 182184, 21819, 24849, 33536, 39798, 40102, vol.4 27073, 32526;CovenantofBaha'u'llah7577,8687,9192,13738,17076,andpassing mentions in Baha'u'llah: King of Glory and 'Abdu'lBaha: The Centre of the CovenantofBaha'u'llah.HaydarAli'sbookofmemoirshasalsobeenpublished, asStoriesfromtheDelightofHearts. Name of Tablet : Kitabi 'Ahd (The Book of the Covenant), the "Most Great Tablet,"the"CrimsonBook,"the"WillandTestamentofBaha'u'llah,"the"Book ofBaha'u'llah'sCovenant,"the"EpistleoftheCovenant";alsoKitabi'Ahdi(The BookofMyCovenant) Add'l info from the Leiden List : Dating prob. prior to Epistle to the Son of the Wolf,sinceitisreferredtothereastheCrimsonBook.PrintedinAHM(reviewed by Abdu'lBaha before printing) where the title is "Kitabu Ahdi" / Book of My Covenant;MaA134137. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah217224; Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 132; date in A Basic Baha'i Chronology 120; definition of "Crimson Book" in Lights of Guidance (3rd ed.) 181; Some Answered Questions 60;TabletsoftheDivinePlan5152;PromulgationofUniversalPeace323,455 57, and elsewhere, passim; God Passes By 23640; World Order of Baha'u'llah 13334, 13738, 145; Directives from the Guardian sec. 46 (p. 17); Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.1 37, 80, 134, 137; vol.2 389; vol.3 81, 371; vol.4 41920, 434; Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory420,42223,425;CovenantofBaha'u'llah99,13033, 14244,146,14950,15556,158,16162,164,16667,17576,199200,21819, 267, 276, 378, 381, 40809; 'AbdulBaha: Centre of the Covenant 50. full discussion of the meaning of the Baha'i covenant, with coverage of this Tablet,inMoojanMomen"TheCovenant,"availableonlineatbahailibrary.com/
encyclopedia/covenant.html; coverage of a variety of covenantal issues, including "the concept of covenant," in Wendy M. Helley "Covenant and the FoundationsofCivilSociety,"inBaha'iWorld199596,185222;mentionsofthis TabletinStoriesfromtheDelightofHearts121,127;discussioninEuniceBraun The March of the Institutions 30 and passim; study (in Persian) by Shapour Rasekhin"Mahbubi'Alam"53449;briefdiscussionofcovenantalsymbolismin Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries..." in Studies in Honour of...H.M. Balyuzi (SBBRvol.5)122;DavidS.RuheDoorofHope...58,11314;discussionofthestyle ofWritingsontheCovenant,includingthisTablet,inJohnS.HatcherTheOcean ofHisWords15364;passingmentionsinibid.79,123. NameofTablet:LawhiAqdas(TheMostHolyTablet,TablettotheChristians, firstTablettoFaristhePhysician) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA39;AQA1138144;AlwahiBaha'u'llah... surayihaykal163172;St.Petersb.MsseeRosen2Ms246. Primary Sources : Translation in Tablets of Baha'u'llah 717, Baha'i Studies Bulletin June 1993, for earlier trans. see Sours book A Study of Baha'u'llah's TablettotheChristians,7.Frenchtrans.byDreyfusandChirazi1905boundwith 'Lesparolescachees';Frenchtransl.byDreyfusOeuvre1. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:PromisedDayis Come 16568 (related quotations); Rev. ofBaha'u'llah vol.3 6, 11; vol.4 27735, 35253. ThemostlengthyexaminationofthisTabletisMichaelSours'212pagebookA StudyofBaha'u'llah'sTablettotheChristians.SeealsoJackMcLean'sreviewof this book in Journal of Baha'i Studies 2:3 8789; mention in Christopher Buck "Baha'u'llah and CrossCultural Messianism" in In Iran (SBBR vol.3) 16465; on Christianity in the Writings of Baha'u'llah (though with few mentions of this particularTablet),seealsoJackMcLean"TheDeificationofJesus"inWorldOrder 14:34(1989)2345,WilliamS.Hatcher"Baha'u'llahtotheChristians"inWorld Order 1:2 (1966) 2533, Juan Cole "Behold the Man: Baha'u'llah on the Life of Jesus" in Journal of the American Academy of Religion LXV/1 4771, available online at wwwpersonal.umich.edu /~jrcole/bahai/bhjesu.htm, and Cole "The ChristianMuslimEncounterandtheBaha'iFaith"inWorldOrderWinter197778 1428. NameofTablet:LawhiArdiBa(TabletoftheLandofBa[Beirut])
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Add'l info from the Leiden List : (place of publication in original language not listed) PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah225229. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.424041;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory37879. NameofTablet:LawhiBisharat(TabletofGladTidings) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA1015;INBA30;MaM11624. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah1930. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 4445; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 116, 158, 16168; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 382; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 396. discussionofTabletinJuanColeModernityandtheMillennium7374,76,158; comments on translation history David Hofman George Townshend 20809; passingcommentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords79, 106,12224. NameofTablet:LawhiBurhan(TabletoftheProof,TabletofReasoning) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA125133. PrimarySources:1879revealed"soonafterthemartyrdomoftheKingand Beloved of Martyrs," (Taherzadeh, Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol. 4 91) which was 03/17/1879.TranslatedTabletsofBaha'u'llah203216. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:PromisedDayis Come145,159[p.88,97];GodPassesBy219,23233;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.4 91102, 425, 435; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 382. DavidS.RuheDoorofHope91;discussionofstyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOcean ofHisWords13233. NameofTablet:LawhiDunya(TabletoftheWorld) Add'l info from the Leiden List : Addressee Mirza AqayiAfnan, known as Nur'u'dDin.MaA4656;MaM285301;DiD84100. PrimarySources:Partiallytrans.inGleaningsXLIII,TabletsofBaha'u'llah8198. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.385;vol.4288,32948,401,429;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory382, 389, 410, 454.
TheTablet'srelevancetoagricultureismentionedinMoojanMomen"Learning from History" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 2:2 6061; discussion Juan Cole ModernityandtheMillennium35,10001;passingcommentsonliterarystylein John S. Hatcher The Ocean of His Words 71, 12324: some opinions on Baha'u'llah's teachings on politics in this Tablet in Juan Cole "Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the 19th Century" in International Journal of Middle East Studies 24 (1992) 1619, also available online at www personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bhconst.htm. NameofTablet:LawhiHikmat(TabletofWisdom) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:INBA30. PrimarySources:187374.TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah135152.French trans.byDreyfusandChiraziboundwithLesparolescachees. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : date in Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 33; mention in A Basic Baha'i Chronology 125; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 3349, 192, 373; Baha'u'llah: King of Glory 382; history of subject in Memorials of the Faithful 15 and Eminent Baha'is 11215. full definition in article by Juan Cole "Lawhi Hikmat (The Tablet of Wisdom)" available online at bahailibrary.com/ encyclopedia/wisdom.html; Robert Stockman discusses the nature of revelation as described in this Tablet in "Revelation, Interpretation, and Elucidation in the Baha'i Writings" in Scripture and Revelation (Baha'i Studies vol.3) 5861; discussion of Tablet's literary style andthematicstructureinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords117120,234 47; passing mentions in ibid. 24, 125 and elsewhere, passim; though only indirectlyaboutthisTablet,SusanManeck's"WisdomandDissimulation:theuse andmeaningofhikmatinBaha'iwritingsandhistory"inBaha'iStudiesReview6 (1996) 1123, also available online at bahailibrary.com/ articles/hikmat.html, ruminates on the exercise of hikmat (wisdom) in the Baha'i community; brief discussion of some theological issues regarding creation in Juan Cole "The ConceptofManifestationintheBaha'iWritings,"Baha'iStudiesmonograph#9, pages 89, also available online at www personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bhmanif.htm; detailed discussion of Baha'u'llah's teachings on early Greek and Hebrew history in Juan Cole "Problems of ChronologyinBaha'u'llah'sTabletofWisdom"inWorldOrder13:3(1979)2439, also available online at hnet2.msu.edu/~bahai /diglib/articles/A E/cole/chrono/chrono.htm.
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NameofTablet:LawhiIbniDhib(EpistletotheSonoftheWolf) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:PublishedbyBahaiVerlag PrimarySources:trans.asEpistletotheSonoftheWolf,ShoghiEffendi1941. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 78; mentions in ibid. 164, 213; date in A Basic Baha'i Chronology120,121(dg16,164);GodPassesBy20001,21920,232,238,318; PromisedDayisCome117,141(pages7277);DirectivesfromtheGuardiansec. 46(p.17);excerptfromLightsofGuidance#1586;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.2206; vol.3390;vol.4368412,43240;Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory21314,38288,391 92; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 73, 79, 142, 162, 309; Eminent Baha'is 4547, 147. Unpubublished study guidebyMichael Sours, "The World Reformer isCome: A Study Guide to Baha'u'llah's Epistle to Shaykh MuhammadTaqi, the Son of the 'Wolf',"85pages;passingobservationsinMichaelSours,TheStationandClaims ofBaha'u'llah,chapter8(pages6787)andnotes;variousmeditationsinMarzieh Gail,"Baha'u'llah'sEpistletotheSonoftheWolf,"inDawnOverMt.Hira17683; analysis of symbolism in Stephen Lambden "Sinaitic Mysteries..." in Studies in Honourof...H.M.Balyuzi(SBBRvol.5)14849,15355;mentionsofTabletinDavid S. Ruhe Door of Hope 81, 91, 108, 213; some Islamic symbols in Tablet in ibid. 12526; literary analysis in "Narrative Perspective in Epistle to the Son of the Wolf" in John S. Hatcher The Ocean of His Words 4145, 15152; passing mentionsinibid.7980,86,14748 NameofTablet:LawhiIttihad(TabletofUnity) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:AHM388406. Primary Sources : Gleanings CXI. Draft prov. trans. by Shahrokh Monjazeb at 1985ABSmeetinginSanFrancisco Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.419196. NameofTablet:LawhiKarmil(TabletofCarmel) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA12. PrimarySources:TranslatedinGleaningsXI,TabletsofBaha'u'llah16. Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'iDictionary21819;dateinABasicBaha'iChronology122;GodPassesBy 194, 273278, 345; Messages to the Baha'i World 63; Mt. Carmel extolled in CitadelofFaith9597;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.435167,423;Baha'u'llah:Kingof Glory 37577; Covenant of Baha'u'llah 324, 326, 401.
briefcommentsaboutTabletbyShoghiEffendiinRuhiyyihRabbaniTheGuardian oftheBaha'iFaith112,231;definitionof"Carmel"inMichaelSours,AStudyof Baha'u'llah's Tablet to the Christians, 37 note 29; discussion of Tablet's gender polarity in Paula Drewek "Feminine Forms of the Divine in Baha'i Scripture" in Journal of Baha'i Studies 5:1 1819; John Walbridge describes at length the meaning of Mount Carmel for the Baha'i Faith in Sacred Acts... (Baha'i Studies vol.1) 14449; Ramona Brown Memories of 'Abdu'lBaha 115 includes a brief pilgrim's note from the Guardian about Mt. Carmel and the Tablet; Ruhiyyih Rabbani frequently mentions the Guardian's development of the site in The PricelessPearlandTheGuardianoftheBaha'iFaith,passim;detaileddescription of Mt. Carmel and mentions of Tablet in Ugo Giachery Shoghi Effendi 5367 (passim), 17074, 20918; David S. Ruhe Door of Hope 7172, 12627, 13345, 15256,16263,16687,andelsewhere,passim;JohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHis Words 150,22425;discussion ofBaha'u'llah's prophecy re pitching Histent on mountaininGaryMatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah7376. Name of Tablet : Lawhi Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud, Tablet of the Goal / The DesiredOne) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:DatedJan.201882(UHJ)orDec.311881(Cole). MaA95111;LawhiMaqsud,Egypt,1920,33pages;Rosen2Ms249.Persian. Primary Sources : Translated in Gleanings CX, CXII, CXVII, CXXII; Tablets of Baha'u'llah159178. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.423536. discussion Juan Cole Modernity and the Millennium 13133, 135, 158; passing commentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords71,12324. NameofTablet:SuriyiVafa(TabletofFidelity),also"LawhiVafa" Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA112119;AQA4(i)350358;AQA4(rev)418 423. PrimarySources:TranslatedinGleaningsLXXIX,TabletsofBaha'u'llah179192. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : Rev. of Baha'u'llahvol.420513.
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detaileddiscussionofliterarystyleofthisTabletinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanof HisWords11416,12526. NameofTablet:TablettoTheTimes Add'l info from the Leiden List : (place of publication in original language not listed) PrimarySources:PartialtranslationinRev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.4350,reprintedin Baha'iWorldXVIII977. Secondary sources: first key texts, then supplementary texts : date in A Basic Baha'iChronology121;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.434850; DiscussioninBaha'iWorldXVIII(vol.18),97677. NameofTablet:Tajalliyat(Effulgences) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:MaA2529. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah4554.Imageofonepage oftheTabletin"RevelationWriting"inRevelationofBaha'u'llahvol.1,110 Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'i Dictionary 221; Rev. of Baha'u'llah vol.4 117, 11844, 168; Baha'u'llah: KingofGlory382,414;EminentBaha'is62. discussionofsymbolisminStephenLambden,"SinaiticMysteries...,"inStudiesin Honourof...H.M.Balyuzi(SBBRvol.5)15051;passingcommentsonliterarystyle inJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords79,12324;briefdiscussionofsome theological issues in Juan Cole "The Concept of Manifestation in the Baha'i Writings" Baha'i Studies monograph #9, 89, also available online at www personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bhmanif.htm; discussion of the meaning of "tajalli" inibid.,passim. NameofTablet:Tarazat(Ornaments) Add'linfofromtheLeidenList:Dhi'lHajjih1305(appr.1888).MaA1624. PrimarySources:TranslationinTabletsofBaha'u'llah3145.
Secondarysources:firstkeytexts,thensupplementarytexts:definitioninBasic Baha'iDictionary221;Rev.ofBaha'u'llahvol.416,18,117;Baha'u'llah:Kingof Glory382;EminentBaha'is62. John Walbridge summarizes this Tablet in Sacred Acts... (Baha'i Studies vol.1) 25254;passingcommentsonliterarystyleinJohnS.HatcherTheOceanofHis Words79,12324.
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INFORMATION WritingsofBb
WritingsofBb
1844 Qayymal'Asm',"SelfSubsistingofNames,"alsoknownasAhsanal qisas,"TheBestofStories" Translation(partial,provisional,byToddLawson) Facultynotes(Messiah;DayofGod;Imm;Shaykhism) NotesonJoseph 184748 Bayn,"Exposition,"ArabicandPersian Translations:provisional,fromtheFrenchbyA.L.M.Nicolas,and provisional,byDenisMacEoin Facultynotes(Writingscontainingword"Bayn";Laws;Symbols;Bb conversionpatterns) "Letters"andLettersoftheLiving(seealsoThedisconnectedletters)
Chapter64:Page1of1
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WritingsofBah'u'llh
INFORMATION
WritingsofBah'u'llh
1852 Rashhi'Am,"SprinklingfromaCloud" Translations:provisional,byRaminNeshati,and provisional,byJuanCole Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes(Overview;Baha'u'llah'sstationpriortothis

Tablet)
KalimtiMaknnih,"HiddenWords" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] LightsofGuidancecompilation Facultynotes(ExcerptfromE.G.Browne;Meaningsof

name;"TrueandRadiantMorn";Covenant;etymologyofinsf, "justice")
185763
1854
LawhiKullu'Ta'm,"TabletofAllFood" Translation(provisional,byStephenLambden) Facultynotes(Overview;Symbols;WorldsofGod) Tabletstudyoutline[?] QasdiyiVarq'yyih,"OdeoftheDove" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Tabletstudyoutline[?] SahfiyiShattyyih,"BookoftheRiver[Tigris]" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Notes(Translator'sintroduction) ChahrVd,"FourValleys" Translation(authorized,byMarziehGail) Facultynotes(Overview;NamesoftheValleys)
HaftVd,"SevenValleys" Translation(authorized,byMarziehGail) Facultynotes(Whyseven?;Somesymbolsexplained);see alsoJavhiru'lAsrr Tabletstudyoutline[?] Hurfti'ln,"TheExaltedLetters" Translationnotyetavailable ExcerptsfromJohnWalbridge,SacredActs... Javhiru'lAsrr,"Jewels/EssenceofMysteries" Facultynotes(Overview);seealsoSevenValleys LawhiyiyiNr,"Tabletofthe'LightVerse'"[ofthe
Qur'an]),alsoknownasTafsriHurftiMuqatta'ih,
185763
1855
185763
1857
185763
185758
"CommentaryontheIsolatedLetters" Translationnotyetavailable Facultynotes(Overview) The"DisconnectedLetters"(seealso"Letters"andLetters Chapter65:Page1of7
oftheLiving"
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) 185863
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INFORMATION
SubhnaRabbya'lA'l,"PraisetotheExaltedLord" Translationnotyetavailable LawhiGhulmu'lKhuld,"TabletoftheEternalYouth" Translation(provisional,byJohnWalbridge) HriUjb,"TheWondrousMaiden" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) AzBghiIlh,"FromTheGardenofHoliness" Translationnotyetavailable Kitbiqn,"TheBookofCertitude" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Facultynotes(4thheavenand7thsphere;wordsfor "Prophet";Manifestations) Tabletstudyoutline[?] ExcerptfromUgoGiachery,ShoghiEffendi: Recollections Datingtheqn LawhiAyyb,"TabletofJob" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) LawhiMallhu'lQuds,"TabletoftheHolyMariner" Translations:Arabicportion(authoritative,byShoghi Effendi)andPersianportion(provisional,byJuanCole) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes("Maiden"symbolism;allegoriesandsymbols Chapter65:Page2of7
185763
LawhiFitnih,"TabletoftheTest" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) LawhiHryyih,"TabletoftheMaiden" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Madnatu'rRid,"CityofRadiance/RadiantAcquiescence" Translationnotyetavailable Madnatu'tTawhd,"CityofUnity" Translationnotyetavailable ShikkarShikanShavand,"SweetScentedBeing" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Facultynotes(Overview) SriyiNush,"TabletofAdvice" Translationnotyetavailable SriyiQadr,"SurihoftheOmnipotent" Translationnotyetavailable AsliKullu'lKhayr,"WordsofWisdom" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Facultynotes(Overview;meaningoftitle)
185863
185763
185863
185763
185863
185763
1862
185763
185763
185763
1863
185768
1863
used;prophecies)
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Translation(provisional,byFrankLewis) 186468 SriyiAshb,"SurihoftheCompanions" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) SrihsofHajj,"TabletsofPilgrimage" TranslationofSurihIandTranslationofSurihII (provisional,bothbyDenisMacEoin) Facultynotes(Whatisthefateofthesacredhouses?) LawhiAhmad,"TabletofAhmad,"Arabic Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] LawhiAhmad,"TabletofAhmad,"Persian Translations:GleaningsCLIIandGleaningsCLIII(partial,
authoritative,byShoghiEffendi)
1863
LawhiHawdaj,"TabletoftheHowdah[aseatforridinga camel]" Translationnotyetavailable SubhnikaYH,"PraisedbeThou,OHe!,"alsoknownas LawhiNaqus,"TabletoftheBell" Translation(provisional,byDenisMacEoin) Facultynotes(Etymology;useofTabletinBaha'ihymns)
186468 1863
1865 1864 Sriyi'Ibd,"TabletoftheServants/People" Translation(partial,authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) LawhiSalmn,"FirstTablettoSalmn" Translations:GleaningsXXI,GleaningsCXLVIII,and GleaningsCLIV(partial,authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) LawhiLaylatu'lQuds,"TabletoftheSacredNight" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Facultynotes(LetterfromtheUniversalHouseofJustice; Translator'sintroduction;Suficontext) LawhiSirj,"TabletforSiraj" Translations:GleaningsLandGleaningsXCVII(partial,
1864
1865
186466
186566
LawhiBah,"TabletofGlory" Translationnotyetavailable SriyiDamm,"TabletofBlood" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Notes(article:"ThePoeticsofPluralisminBah'Texts") LawhiRh,"TabletofSpirit" Translationnotyetavailable
186566
186468
1866
186468
MathnavyiMubrak,"BlessedMathnav[collectionof poetry]" Chapter65:Page3of7

186668 LawhiAshraf,"TablettoAshraf["TheNoble"]" Translation(partial,authoritative,byShoghiEffendi)
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) Tabletstudyoutline[?] 1867
WritingsofBah'u'llh
INFORMATION
186668
LawhiNasr,"TablettoNasr["thedefender"]" Translations:GleaningsLIIIandGleaningsLXXV(partial,
LawhiNapulyn,"FirstTablettoNapoleonIII" Translation(partial,provisional,byIsmaelVelasco) OverviewoftheTabletstoNapoleon BioofNapoleon SriyiRa's,"TabletofthePremier/President[AliPasha]" Translation(partial,provisional,byanonymous) LawhiSalmnII,"SecondTabletofSalmn" Translationnotyetavailable Tabletstudyoutline[?] LawhiRa's,"TablettothePremier/President[AliPasha]" Translation(authorized,byAhmadSohrab) Tabletstudyoutline[?] LawhiMalikiRus,"TablettoTsarAlexanderII" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) BioofTsarAlexander LawhiMalikih,"TablettoQueenVictoria" Translation(authorizedandauthoritative,byShoghiEffendi andanonymous) BioofQueenVictoria LawhiPisar'Amm,"TablettotheCousin" Translationnotyetavailable Chapter65:Page4of7
1866
LawhiKhall,"TablettoJinabiKhalil["thefriend"]" Translationnotyetavailable LawhiSayyh,"TabletoftheTraveller" Translationnotyetavailable SriyiMulk,"TablettotheKings" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] KitbiBad',"Wondrous/UniqueBook" Translationnotyetavailable Tabletstudyoutline[?] SriyiGhusn,"TabletoftheBranch" Translation(authorized,byanonymous) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Notesonthesuccession LawhiSultn,"TablettotheSultan[Nasiri'dDinShah]" Translations:authoritativeandprovisional,byShoghi EffendiandE.G.Browne,andauthorized,byanonymous
1868
1867
1868
186768
1868
186768
186870
186768
186870
186769
186870

Facultynotes(Bioofrecipient) 1869 LawhiRidvn,"TabletofRidvn" Translationnotyetavailable Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes(ThethreeTabletsofRidvan;Ridvanasa
peacefestival;jihd)
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) 187075
WritingsofBah'u'llh
INFORMATION
LawhiTibb,"TablettothePhysician/TabletofMedicine" Translationnotyetavailable Tabletstudyoutline[?] notes(Etymology;historyofIslamicmedicine) LetterfromtheUniversalHouseofJustice(Overview;

excerptsfromTablet)
187077 1869 LawhiFu'd,"TablettoFu'dPsh" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) BioofFuadPsh Translator'sintroduction LawhiNapulyn,"SecondTablettoNapoleonIII)seealso

FirstTablet,above
LawhiMnikchShib,"TablettoMnikch" Translation(provisional,byRaminNeshati) LawhiHaftPurshish,"TabletofSevenQuestions" Translation(provisional,byShahriarRazavi) LawhiQadIhtaraqa'lMukhlisn,"TheFireTablet" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] KitbiAqdas,"TheMostHolyBook" Translation(authoritativeandauthorized,byShoghiEffendi andanonymous) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes(Guardianship;symbolofwatergushingfrom rocks) Notesonthe"choicewine" TheObligatoryPrayers BioofJamliBurjird ExcerptsfromJohnWalbridge,SacredActs... Studyquestions ExcerptsfromSoheilBushrui,TheStyleoftheKitbi Chapter65:Page5of7
187077
1869
1871
Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] OverviewoftheTabletstoNapoleon 1869 LawhiPp,"TablettoPopePiusIX" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) BioofPopePiusIX SriyiHaykal,"TabletoftheTemple/Body" Translation(authoritativeandprovisional,byShoghiEffendi andAntonHaddad) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes(Etymologyof"haykal") ExcerptsfromJohnWalbridge,SacredActs...
1873
1869

Aqdas 1873 LawhiRu'y,"TabletofVision" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) LawhiHikmat,"TabletofWisdom" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Tabletstudyoutline[?] LawhiBurhn,"TabletoftheProof" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Tajallyt,"Effulgences" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Bishrt,"GladTidings" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Facultynotes(Overview;contents) LawhiIttihd,"TabletofUnity" Translations:provisional,byMoojanMomen,and
provisional,byJuanCole
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) 187991
WritingsofBah'u'llh
INFORMATION
KalimtiFirdawsyyih,"WordsofParadise" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) LawhiAqdas,"MostHolyTablet" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) LawhiArdiB,"TabletoftheLandof'B'[Beirut]" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) KitbiÀhd,"BookofMyCovenant" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) LawhiDuny,"TabletoftheWorld" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Facultynotes(MeaningofUrvatu'lVuthq,"SureHandle") LawhiMaqsd,"TabletofTheDesiredOne[maqsd]" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Notes(LetterfromtheUniversalHouseofJustice:dateof
revelation;"Twogreatpowers";excerptfromModernityand Millennium)
187991
187374
187991
187779
187991
187991
187991
187991
1882
187991
188588
187991
SriyiVaf,"TablettoMuhammadHusayn,'Vaf'" ["fidelity"] Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh)
Ishrqt,"Splendors" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Tarzt,"Ornaments" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh)
1888
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Facultynotes(Overview;contents) 1891 LawhiTimes,"TablettoTheTimes" Translation(authorized,byAdibTaherzadeh) LawhiKarmil,"Tabletof[Mount]Carmel" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Facultynotes(Etymologyof"karmil"and"Zion")
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1891
1891
LawhiIbniDhib,"EpistletotheSonoftheWolf" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Bioofaddressee Facultynotes(Reasonforitsrevelation;falseprophets; historicalcontext;"rerevelation"ofTablets) TheLesserPeace
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FromResourceGuide,"scripture": Thewritings,ortablets,oftheBb,Bah'u'llh,'Abdu'lBah,andShoghi Effendi are stored at various places at the Bah' World Center in Haifa, Israel.Soontheywillbemovedtoabuildingnamed"TheCenterforthe StudyoftheSacredTexts,"whichisunderconstructionasofthiswriting. Microfiche copies of the tablets are also preserved for safekeeping at a variety of places around the world. Many texts were lost, stolen, or destroyed,andmanyothersarestillheldinprivatehands.Theestimated figuresforthetotalnumberofindividualtabletsareasfollows: Bah'u'llh,7,160tabletsarchived,15,000totalestimatedtohavebeen written; 'Abdu'lBah, 15,549 tablets archived, 30,800 total estimated to have beenwritten; Shoghi Effendi, 16,370 letters archived, 30,100 total estimated to have been written ("Bah' Archives: Preserving and Safeguarding the Sacred Texts,"in'Andalbmagazine,12.48(Fall1993):insert). William Collins has described the structure of the International Bah' Archivesandotherconsiderationsrelevanttopreservingthesacredtexts in"LibraryandArchivalResourcesattheBah'WorldCentre,"inBah' StudiesBulletin,3.4(Dec.1985). NotesbyRobertStockman: Bah'u'llhrevealedover15,000tablets.Somearelong(severalhundred pages) but most are a page or two, written to a specific individual to
answer a question or convey encouragement. Shoghi Effendi translated about a thousand pages into English in His lifetime. Gleanings contains 166 extracts, Prayers and Meditations 184, but some tablets provided morethanoneextract,sothetotalnumberoftabletsthattheGuardian usedwaslessthanthesumoftheextractsinthetwobooks(350).Since theGuardiandidnotassemblealistofhissources,ithasbeennecessary to search for the original tablets he used, and they have not all been identifiedyet.Morerecently,theUniversalHouseofJusticehasoverseen productionofTabletsofBah'u'llhRevealedaftertheKitbiAqdasand TheKitbiAqdas:TheMostHolyBook,renderingintoEnglish500more pagesofrevelation.Itappearsthatlessthan500ofthe15,000tablets arelativelysmallpercentageofthetotalrevelationhavebeenpartially translatedandpublishedinEnglish.Sincetheworkswereselectedbythe Guardian and Universal House of Justice, we can be sure that those available are the most significant and useful texts. Much of the rest probably is encouragement to individuals. We can also be sure that in subsequent centuries our understanding of the revelation of Bah'u'llh will undergo significant expansion and deepening as more tablets are translated. AsearchforreferencestoallthetabletsdiscussedinEnglishandPersian byBah'writersshowsthatonlyabout360tabletshavenames.Insome cases the names were given by Bah'u'llh Himself (like the Hidden Words), Àbdu'lBah, or Shoghi Effendi. In other cases the name is derived from a prominent theme (such as the Tablet to the Christians). Many tablets are named for their recipients (like the Tablet to Queen Victoria) but some individuals (like Salmn) received dozens of tablets andthusnamingthetabletsfortheirrecipientscanbeconfusing.Afew tablets(suchastheLawhiRa's[Adrianopleperiod]andtheSriyiRa's [early Akk period] are perpetually confused, and even Shoghi Effendi appearstousethetwonamesinterchangeably. Taherzadeh's fourvolume Revelation of Bah'u'llh provides historical information on and summaries of only about 86 tablets. At least one prominenttabletisabsent:theKitbiÀhd,presumablybecauseitsdate Chapter66:Page1of2
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ofrevelationisunknown(andTaherzadeh'ssurveycoverstherevelation chronologically). NotesbyJuanCole(nonfaculty): ...AsforthequestionaboutwhetherthereareanysignificantTabletsby Bah'u'llh that have not been translated, I would personally say "yes, largenumbers."ButtheseTabletsarecertainlynotonthesamelevelas Bishrt and etc. Many have read and studied more of Bah'u'llh's TabletsthanhaveI,includingHabb,Ahang,SteveLambden,andothers, and they are better able to comment here. Having, myself, read and taken notes on only a few thousand pages of the original Arabic and PersianTabletsoftheBlessedBeauty[remember,thesebooksrunabout 300pages,sotenwouldbe3,000pages],Iwouldsaythatwhatremains untranslatedfallsintofivecategories: 1. Significant Tablets treating at length a particular theme (as with Essence of the Mysteries or the Tablet of the City of Radiant Acquiescence) 2. Letters to individuals on specific subjects, such as Jesus or the interpretationoftheTablets,orthehistoryofphilosophy,etc. 3. Letterstoindividualsthatcontainimportanthistorical,ethical,or other theological passages, but which are largely pastoral in nature. 4. Letters to individuals that are almost pastoral, evoking spiritual images of billowing oceans and fragrant gardens, and which contain only occasional sentences or phrases that might be importanttoahistorianortheologian. 5. Pastoralletterstoindividualsthatcontainonlystockimagesand phrases, and which were probably intended simply to establish contact with a particular family and give them a precious heirloom; these often short letters might be seen as something equivalent to the Manifestation giving His "autograph" to an
admirer.ItappearstobethecasethatKhadimu'llhwrotemany oftheseonBah'u'llh'sbehalf.Ofcourse,eventheseareniceto meditateonandcontainmanyluminousimages. Thevastmajorityof7,100extantTabletsofBah'u'llhfallintocategory number5.Ontheotherhand,onlybyreadingeachTabletcanahistorian or theologian be sure it does not fall into one of the other categories. I readaTabletlastsummerthat,Ifoundtomyexcitement,commentedon the overthrow and suicide of Sultn Àbdu'lÀzz in 1876 (I suspect the Tablet was written around June of that year, right after these events). Now, most people would not get as excited about this passage as I did, but for me it made this Tablet a "4" rather than a "5". Then there is a TabletontheBritishdestructionofAlexandria,Egypt,onJune11,1882, whichIwouldputincategory2butothers,nothistoriansofEgypt,might seeasa4.
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INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas
TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas
TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAftertheKitbiAqdasareselectedtablets writtenbyMirzaHusseinAliNuriBah'u'llh,thefounderoftheBah'Faith, andpublishedtogetherasof1978. As his missiondrew to a close after his writing of theKitbiAqdas in1873, he continuedtowriteunnumberedtabletsandletters,doingsountilthelastdaysof hislifein1892. Six of the tablets in this volume were translated into English and published in 1917. The translations were improved upon by Shoghi Effendi, and those not translatedbyhimwerefilledinwiththepublicationin1978underthesupervision oftheUniversalHouseofJustice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1. LawiKarmil(TabletofCarmel) LawiAqdas(TheMostHolyTablet) Bishrt(GladTidings) arzt(Ornaments) Tajallyt(Effulgences) KalimtiFirdawsyyih(WordsofParadise) LawiDuny(TabletoftheWorld) Ishrqt(Splendours) Lawiikmat(TabletofWisdom) AliKullu'lKhayr(WordsofWisdom) LawiMaqd(TabletofMaqd) SriyiVaf(TabletofVaf) LawiSiyyidiMihdyiDahaj(TablettoSiyyidMihdyiDahaj) LawiBurhn(TabletoftheProof) KitbiÀhd(BookoftheCovenant) LawiAriB(TabletoftheLandofB) ExcerptsfromOtherTablets
The Tablet of Carmel (Persian) is a short tablet of only a few pages, but it is consideredoneofthechartersoftheBah'administration.Itconsistsessentially of a conversation between God and Mount Carmel. In it, God says to the mountain: Render thanks unto thy Lord, O Carmel. The fire of thy separation from Me wasfastconsumingthee...Rejoice,forGodhathinthisDayestablishedupon thee His throne, hath made thee the dawningplace of His signs and the dayspring of the evidences of His Revelation... Beware lest thou hesitate or halt. Hasten forth and circumambulate the City of God that hath descended from heaven, the celestial Kaaba round which have circled in adoration the favoured of God, the pure in heart, and the company of the most exalted angels...ErelongwillGodsailHisArkuponthee,andwillmanifestthepeople ofBahwhohavebeenmentionedintheBookofNames." Shoghi Effendi described the tablet as "the Charter of the World Spiritual and AdministrativeCentersoftheFaithonthatmountain. Implying that this document established that Mount Carmel would be the physicallocationoftheBah'WorldCentre. The two other documents described as charters by Shoghi Effendi include the TabletsoftheDivinePlan,andtheWillandTestamentofÀbdu'lBah. 2.
LawiAqdas(TheMostHolyTablet)
TheLawiAqdas(Persian)orMostHolyTablet,sometimesalsoreferredtoas the Tablet to the Christians, was addressed to a believer of Christian background.IntheTabletBah'u'llhproclaimshismessagetoChristiansacross theworld,andincleartermsdeclaresthathisstationisthatoftheFatherwho JesusChristhadpromised. 3.
Bishrt(GladTidings)
LawiKarmil(TabletofCarmel)
The Bishrt (Arabic) is a Tablet that is composed of fifeteen headings, each designated a gladtiding, where Bah'u'llh provides teachings and laws. While the identity of the person that Tablet was addressed to is not known, Adib
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TaherzadehstatesthatthetoneoftheutterancesthroughouttheTabletindicate thatitwasaddressedtohumankindandnotspecificallytoanindividual. Thefifeteengladtidingsare: 1. The abolition of the law of holy war practised by Muslims, where Bah'u'llh states that war of any kind is incompatbile with the Bah' principlesofloveandunity. Thestatementthateveryoneshouldassociatewithallthepeopleofthe worldwithaspiritoffriendliessregardlessofraceorreligion. 4. ThesecondGladTidingsItispermittedthatthepeoplesandkindredsofthe world associate with one another with joy and radiance. O people! Consort with the followers of all religions in a spirit of friendliness and fellowship." (Bah'u'llh,TabletsofBah'u'llh,p.28) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Advocates the adoption of a universal language (See Bah' Faith and languagepolicy). ServeMonarchsthatprotecttheoppressed. ExhortsBah'stohonestyandtruthfulnesstowardstheirgovernment. ConcernstheestablishmentoftheLesserPeace. Confirms that clothing and facial hair are left to the discretion of each individual. Abolishesthepracticeofidlenessinthenameorreligion,performedby peoplewhowouldleadanasceticlifeandgointoseclusion.Bah'u'llh instead states that every person must work for the betterment of humanity. Abrogates the practice of the confession of sins as practices by some Christianchurches. Abolishes the law of the destruction of Books. This refers to the Bb's adviceintheBayantodestroyholybooksofthepast. Permits the study of arts and sciences which "would redound to the progress andadvancementof the people." This is in reference to some Muslimclergywhohadforbiddenthestudyofmodernsciences. Enjoinseveryonetoengageinsomeformofoccupation,suchascrafts, andtradesandraisesthisoccupationtothestationofworship. Writes about the duties of the Universal House of Justice and that in particularthattheyarechargedwiththeaffairsofallpeople.
2.
14. States that it is not necessary to undertake long journeys to visit the restingplacesofthedead.ThisisinreferencetothepracticebyMuslims who believe that it is conducive to the forgiveness of sins. Bah'u'llh states that instead the cost of this journey should be offered to the Bah' Fund. While Bah'u'llh disapproves of special long journeys to visitthegravesofthedead,hestatesthatthereissomespiritualvaluein prayingattherestingplaceofthedead. 15. Recommends a constitutional monarchy combined with representative democracyinpreferencetoarepublic.
arzt(Ornaments)
In the arzt (Arabic) Bah'u'llh reveals some of his teachings and exhortations. The Tablet is composed of six headings, each designating an ornament represting the characteristics that each person should obtain. Bah'u'llhwritesthattruthfulnessandsincerityislackingintheworld,andthat corruptionhasspread.Healsodescribesnewspapersasthe"mirroroftheworld" anddelineatesguidelinesfortheeditorialstaff. Theornamentsare: 1. Thateveryoneshouldknowoneselfunderstandwhatcharactersleadsto gloryorpoverty,andafterhehasunderstoodthisheshouldbeactivein a profession or craft that serves humankind. Bah'u'llh singles out peoplewhodedicatethemselvestotheeducationofothers. Thateveryoneshouldconsortwiththefollowersofallreligionsinaspirit offriendlinessandfellowship. Thateveryoneshouldstrivetoobtainagoodcharacter,especiallyjustice andfairness. States that trustworthiness is the greatest character that leads to the securityoftheworld. Thatpeopleshouldnotdefiletheirtongueswiththeabuseofothers. StatesthatknowledgeisawondrousgiftfromGod,andthateveryone shouldtrytoacquireit.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
NeartheendoftheTablet,Bah'u'llhwritestotheBbswhodidn'taccepthis claim as He whom God shall make manifest and who instead followed Mirza
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Yahya, and tells them not to follow the promptings of their own selves and passions;headmonishesthemlovinglytoreturntopathofGod 5.
Tajallyt(Effulgences)
3.
4.
TheknowledgeofGodcanonlybeobtainedthroughtheManifestation ofGod. Steadfastness in the cause of God is obtained by recognizing the ManifestationofGod,andthroughfaithinhiswisdomandteachings. Itisincumbentuponeveryonetoacquireknowledgeinthearts,crafts, andsciences,butonlythosethatcanhelphumanityadvance,and"not thosewhichbeginwithwordsandendwithwords. RecognitionofthedivinityoftheManifestationsofGod
6.
KalimtiFirdawsyyih(WordsofParadise)
TheKalimtiFirdawsyyih(Arabic)wasrevealedbyBah'u'llhtwoyearsbefore his death in honour of his trusted disciple j Mrz aydarÀl. The tablet is partlywritteninastylewherethewordsofGodarewrittenontenleaves Among other things, Bah'u'llh states that people will be exalted through "honesty,virtue,wisdomandsaintlycharacter,"andthatthefearofGodisasafe stronghold for all the peoples of the world. He states that living in seclusion or practisingasceticismisnotacceptable,andthatinsteadallshouldworktowards thebettermentofhumanityratherthanthatwhatprofitsthemselves;heexorts the praisworthiness of charity and the use of sciences and arts to promote the wellbeingofhumankind.Hefurthermorewritesthatmoderationisdesirablein allmatters,andthatanythingtakentoanexcessisasourceofevil.Healsowrites regarding the importance of the moral education of children. Furthermore, Bah'u'llhrestatestheGoldenRule: Osonofman!Ifthineeyesbeturnedtowardsmercy,forsakethethingsthat profittheeandcleaveuntothatwhichwillprofitmankind.Andifthineeyesbe turnedtowardsjustice,choosethouforthyneighbourthatwhichthouchoosest forthyself."(Bah'u'llh,TabletsofBah'u'llh,p.64) Hefurtherenjoinsthekingsandrulesoftheworldtoupholdthecauseofreligion, andenjoinsallthenationstocleavetenaciouslytounity,whichwillleadtothe wellbeing of humankind. He further writes about the use of an international auxiliarylanguagetoincreasetheunityoftheworld.Hestatesthatthebasisof
'Revelationwriting':ThefirstdraftofapagefromtheTajallytofBaha'u'llah TheTajallyt(Arabic)wasrevealedcirca1885whileBah'u'llhwasinBahjin honourofUstdÀlAkbar,whowasoneofthebelieversfromthecityofYazd, andwhodesignedthefirstBah'HouseofWorshipinIshqbd.Thefirstcouple pagesofthetabletarewritteninArabic,andtheremainderinPersian. In the tablet, Bah'u'llh explains the station of the Manifestation of God, and specificallyhisownmission.HestatesthathehasusheredintheDayofGod,and thatnoonecanrecognizeGodexceptthroughhim. ThetabletiswrittenasfourTajallyts,oreffulgences,whichare:
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worldorderisestablishedonthetwinprinciplesofrewardandpunishment,and that justice is the chief instrument for promoting unity and fellowship among people. Regarding the Universal House of Justice, he authorizes its members "to take counseltogetherregardingthosethingswhichhavenotbeenoutwardlyrevealed intheBook"referringtoitslegislativeauthorityandinfallibilityinthosematters. He commands the members of the Universal House of Justice "to ensure the protectionandsafeguardingofmen,womenandchildren. 7.
then elucidates on the principle of the infallibility of the Manifestations of God, anddiscussestheresponseofhumanitytonewManifestationsofGodwhenthey appearandwhyhumanity,ingeneral,doesnotacceptthenewManifestationof God.Bah'u'llhthendiscussesvariouspropheciesofpreviousreligionswhichhe claimsarefulfilledbyhiscoming.Hegoesontodiscussthepersonalvirtuesand behaviours, mainly justice and trustworthiness, that all Manifestations of God haveenjoined. Hethenlisttheninesplendoursofhisrevelation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Those in power must have a profound regard for religion, for it is the meansofallhumanprosperityandprogress The Lesser Peace is necessary to humankind's tranquillity and advancement. EveryonemustobeyGod'scommandments. Humankindmustexhibituprightcharacterandperformdeedsofservice. Governmentsmustrulewithjusticeandequity. There must be a international auxiliary language that will bind all mankindtogether. Educationisofparamountimportance. TheUniversalHouseofJusticeisgivenresponsibilitiesforthewellbeing of humankind and are given legislative authority to make new and authoritativelawsthatarenotspecifiedinhiswritings. The purpose of religion is to establish unity and concord among humankind.HumankindmustfollowtheteachingsGodhassent.
LawiDuny(TabletoftheWorld)
The LawiDuny (Persian) was revealed in Haifa by Bah'u'llh in 1891 in honourofqMrzAqayiAfnn,whosemotherwasthesisterofthewifeofthe Bb. The tablet was handed to q Mrz AqayiAfnn's son by Bah'u'llh. In theopeningoftablet,Bah'u'llhbestowshisbountiesuponHandsoftheCause ÀlAkbar and Trustee of Huqqu'llh, Amn who were imprisoned in Qazvin. Bah'u'llh then reiterates many of the teachings he had revealed in previous tablets, such as being detached from worldly desires, living a virtuous life, forbiddingcontentionandconflict,andobservingcourtesyamongotherthings. Bah'u'llh, then in the tablet, promulgetes some of his teachings which were aimed for the unity of a world society, such as the establishment of an international language, the promotion of fellowship among all peoples, the educationofchildren,theimportanceofagriculture,andtheestablishmentofa constitutionalgovernment. 8.
9.
Ishrqt(Splendours)
The'Ishrqt(Arabic)waswrittenbyBah'u'llhcirca1885whilehewasinBahj to JalliKhu', a coppersmith and a believer from Azerbaijan in response to questionsthatJalliKhu'askedofhim.ThetabletstartsinArabicandcontinues inPersian.ThetitleIshrqt,whichtranslatesinEnglishto"effulgences,""radiant lights,"or"splendours,"referstothesplendoursofBah'u'llh'sRevelation. Bah'u'llh,inthetablet,firstcallstheBbstoacceptBah'u'llh'sclaimtobe "HewhomGodshallmakemanifest,"afigurewhowasforetoldbytheBb.He
Bah'u'llhexplicitlymakestheeighthIshrqanaddendumtotheKitbiAqdas. HealsoforeseesJalliKhu''sdefectionfromthecovenant,whichoccurredafter thepassingofBah'u'llh. 9.
Lawiikmat(TabletofWisdom)
The Tablet of Wisdom (Persian) was addressed to q Muammad, a distinguishedbelieverfromthetownofQ'in,whowassurnamedNabliAkbar. In the abjad notation the name 'Muammad' has the same numerical value as 'Nabl'. Bah'u'llh wrote the Tablet during his latter years in Akk and in the
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Tabletprovidescounselregardingindividualconduct,expoundsthebasicbeliefs of some of the philosophers of ancient Greece, and writes about the fundamentalsoftruephilosophy. 10. AliKullu'lKhayr(WordsofWisdom) The Words of Wisdom (Arabic) is a relatively short tablet of only three pages. ResearchhasindicatedthatitwasactuallyrevealedbeforetheKitbiAqdas,but it is, at least for now, being kept in the publication. Through a series of short aphorisms, it describes the essence of wisdom, love, religion and detachment. OneofthequotesfromthisTablet,"Thesourceofalllearningistheknowledgeof God,exaltedbeHisglory"waschosenbyShoghiEffenditoadornoneofthedoors ontheHouseofWorshipinWilmette,Illinois. 11. LawiMaqd(TabletofMaqd) Out of respect, the Bah's, rather than addressing Bah'u'llh directly, would writetohisamanuensis,MrzqJn.Thereplywouldbeintheformofaletter fromMrzqJnquotingwordsofBah'u'llh,butwould,infact,bedictated in its entirety by Bah'u'llh. Thus all parts of the tablet, even those which ostensibly are the words of Mrz q Jn himself, are sacred scripture by Bah'u'llh.TheTabletofMaqd(Persian)isinthisform.Itwasaddressedto Mrz Maqd, one of the early believers living at that time in Damascus and Jerusalem.
In the Tablet to Siyyid MihdyiDahaj (Persian), Bah'u'llh writes to Siyyid MihdyiDahaj who later broke the Covenant. Bah'u'llh stresses the importanceofserving theBah' cause, and of teachingthe Faith to others. He explains the power of a pure and stainless heart in influencing one's words to have an impact on people, and asks that people memorize passages from the Holy Writings to use in the course of their speech. He also cautions against causingdivisionanddiscordbetweenpeople. 14. LawiBurhn(TabletoftheProof)
KingofMartyrs(left),andBelovedofMartyrs(right)
12. SriyiVaf(TabletofVaf) TheSriyiVaf(Arabic)waswrittentoShaykhMuammad usayn,oneofthe earlybelieversofShiraz,surnamedVaf(Fidelity)byBah'u'llh.Thetabletwas written while Bah'u'llh was in Akk, and was in response to some of the questionsofShaykhMuammad usayn.Inthetablet,Bah'u'llhreferstothe immensityandboundlessnessofthespiritualworlds. 13. LawiSiyyidiMihdyiDahaj(TablettoSiyyidMihdyiDahaj) TheTabletoftheProof(Persian)waswrittenafterthemartyrdomoftheKingof MartyrsandtheBelovedofMartyrs,andwasaddressedtoShaykhMuammad Bqir,denoundedbyBah'u'llhasthe'Wolf'.InthistabletBah'u'llhrefersto Mr Muammad usayn, the Imm Jum'ih of Isfahn, surnamed the 'She Serpent', who was Shaykh Muammad Bqir's accomplice in the persecution of theBah's.TheEpistletotheSonoftheWolfwasaddressedtothesonofShaykh MuammadBqir. 15. KitbiÀhd(BookoftheCovenant)
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The KitbiÀhd (Arabic literally "Book of My Covenant") is Bah'u'llh's Will andTestament,whereheselectsÀbdu'lBahashissuccessor.WhiletheTablet of the Branch, composed in the Adrianople period had clearly signaled a high stationfor"theBranchofHoliness"andtheKitbiAqdashasspecifiedthatthis high station involved leadership of the Bah' community after Bah'u'llh's passing, it was only with the unsealing of the KitbiÀhd after the passing of Bah'u'llhthatitwasconfirmedthattheBranchreferredtowasindeedÀbdu'l Bah. 16. LawiAriB(TabletoftheLandofB) Bah'u'llh wrote the Tablet of the Land of B (Persian) on the occasion of Àbdu'lBah'svisittoBeirut,whichiswhatisreferredtoastheLandofB.Inthe tablet, Bah'u'llh extolls the station of the Master and Most Mighty Branch, Àbdu'lBah. 17. ExcerptsfromOtherTablets In this portion of the compilationof the Tablets ofBah'u'llh, partsof further tabletsfromBah'u'llhareincluded.Someofthetopicsdiscussedinthissection include that God can be only known through the Manifestations of God, that humanity should be detached from selfglorification, and instead should follow theteachingsofBah'u'llh.
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INFORMATION
The Tablets of the Divine Plan collectively refers to 14 letters (tablets) written between September, 1916 and March, 1917 by Àbdu'lBah, to Bah's in the UnitedStatesandCanada. Four of the letters were addressed to the Bah community of North America andtensubsidiaryonesaddressedtofivespecificsegmentsofthatcommunity. Of primary significance was the role of leadership given to its recipients in establishingtheirCausethroughouttheplanet. These collective letters, along with Bahullhs Tablet of Carmel and Àbdu'l Bah's Will and Testament were described by Shoghi Effendi as three of the "Charters"oftheBah'Faith. [Abdu'lBah[191617](1991).TabletsoftheDivinePlan,Paperback,Wilmette, Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust.]
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UniversalHouseofJustice
INFORMATION
TheUniversalHouseofJusticeisthesupremegoverninginstitutionoftheBah' Faith. Its nine members are elected every five years by an electoral college consisting of all the members of each National Spiritual Assembly. It is a legislative institution with the authority to supplement and apply the laws of Bah'u'llhandexercisesajudicialfunctionasthehighestappellateinstitutionin theBah'administration. TheSeatoftheUniversalHouseofJusticeanditsmembersresideinHaifa,Israel, ontheslopeofMountCarmel.ItwasalludedtointhewritingsofBah'u'llhand Àbdu'lBah,andwasofficiallyestablishedin1963astheculminationoftheTen YearCrusade. The books and documents published by the Universal House of Justice are consideredauthoritativeanditslegislativedecisionsareconsideredinfallibleto Bah's. Note: IntheBah'writingsitissometimescalledthe'SupremeHouseofJustice',the 'InternationalHouseofJustice',orthe'UniversalHouseofJustice'.Bah'snow refertoitasthe'UniversalHouseofJustice',whichissometimesabbreviatedto the'HouseofJustice',or'theHouse'.
OriginalmembersofthefirstUniversalHouseofJustice,1963 Abdu'lBah, in his Will and Testament, elaborated on its functioning, its composition and outlines the method for its election. He first used the term "Universal House of Justice" to distinguish the supreme body from those local 'Houses of Justice' tobe established in eachcommunity. ShoghiEffendi, during his lifetime, prepared for the election of the Universal House of Justice, by establishingastrongadministrativestructureatthelocalandnationallevels. In1951,ShoghiEffendiappointedmemberstotheInternationalBah'Council, and described it as an embryonic international House of Justice. In 1961 the councilwaschangedtoanelectedbody,withmembersofallNationalSpiritual Assembliesvoting. ThefirstUniversalHouseofJusticewaselectedinApril1963,sixyearsafterthe passing of Shoghi Effendi, by 56 National Spiritual Assemblies. The date of the electioncoincidedwiththecompletionoftheTenYearCrusadeinstitutedbythe GuardianandalsowiththefirstCentenaryAnniversaryofthePublicDeclaration ofBah'u'llhintheGardenofRidvninApril1863.
History
In the KitbiAqdas, Bah'u'llh ordains the institution of the House of Justice anddefinesitsfunctions.Itsresponsibilitiesarealsoreferredtoinseveralother TabletsofBah'u'llh.
ElectionProcess
TheUniversalHouseofJusticeiselectedthroughsecretballotandpluralityvote in a threestage election by adult Bah's throughout the world. The House is electedwithoutnominationsorcampaigningandalladultmalemembersofthe Bah'FaithareeligibleforelectiontotheHouse.
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Thebodyiselectedeveryfiveyearsduringaconventionofthemembersofthe variousNationalorRegionalSpiritualAssemblies(NSAs)acrosstheworld.There arecurrently178NSAsinexistence.EachmemberofthevariousNSAs,whowere themselves elected by the Bah's of their country, votes for nine adult male Bah's.TheninepeoplewhohavethemostvotesareelectedontotheUniversal HouseofJustice. Themostrecentfullelectionwasinthespringof2003when178Nationaland Regional Spiritual Assemblies were in existence. On 21 March 2005, the Bah' Holy Day of NawRz, a byelection was held to replace two members "who requested the Universal House of Justice for permission to resign their office owingtoconsiderationsofageandrelatedneedsoftheFaith. Women are not eligible for election to the Universal House of Justice. Àbdu'l Bah stated that the reason for this will be revealed in the future, and that womenandmenarespirituallyequal.FormoreonthisissueseeBah'Faithand genderequality.
Furthermore,theUniversalHouseofJusticeisinstructedbyBah'u'llhtoexerta positiveinfluenceonthegeneralwelfareofhumankind,topromoteapermanent peace among the nations of the world, ensure the "training of peoples, the upbuildingofnations,theprotectionofmanandthesafeguardingofhishonor. The Universal House of Justice is supported by the elected national and local governingbodiesoftheBah'Faith,(theNationalSpiritualAssembliesandLocal SpiritualAssembliesrespectively).Ithas,furthermore,createdseveralappointed institutions to support its work around the world; among these are the ContinentalBoardofCounselorsandtheInternationalTeachingCentre.
Jurisdiction
The Universal House of Justice is also given the responsibility of adapting the Bah' Faith as society progresses, and is thus given the power to legislate on matters not explicitly covered in the Bah' sacred texts. While the Universal House of Justice is authorized to change or repeal its own legislation as conditions change, it cannot dissolve or change any of the laws which are explicitlywritteninthesacredtexts. "... the Universal House of Justice has been invested with the function of legislating on matters not expressly revealed in the teachings.... whose exclusive right and prerogative is to pronounce upon and deliver the final judgment on such laws and ordinances as Bah'u'llh has not expressly revealed....NeithertheGuardianoftheFaithnoranyinstitutionapartfromthe InternationalHouseofJusticecaneverusurpthisvitalandessentialpoweror encroachuponthatsacredright. In the same book, Shoghi Effendi mentions that certain issues were left intentionally for the House of Justice to apply and legislate on as time progressed. "SeveredfromthenolessessentialinstitutionoftheUniversalHouseofJustice thissame System of the Will of 'Abdu'lBah would beparalyzed in its action and would be powerless to fill in those gaps which the Author of the Kitbi Aqdas has deliberately left in the body of His legislative and administrative ordinances.
Responsibilities
The Universal House of Justice itself states in its constitution that "The provenance, the authority, the duties, the sphere of action of the Universal HouseofJusticeallderivefromtherevealedWordofBah'u'llhwhich,together withtheinterpretationsandexpositionsofÀbdu'lBahandofShoghiEffendi... constitutethebindingtermsofreferenceoftheUniversalHouseofJusticeand areitsbedrockfoundation. TheUniversalHouseofJusticetodayguidesthegrowthanddevelopmentofthe globalBah'community.Someofitsresponsibilitiesinclude: PromotingthespiritualqualitiesthatcharacterizeBah'lifeindividually andcollectively PreservingtheBah'SacredTexts DefendingandprotectingtheglobalBah'community Preservinganddevelopingtheworldspiritualandadministrativecentre oftheBah'Faith EncouragingthegrowthandmaturationoftheBah'community
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It is considered to be the Supreme Institution of the Branch of the "elected", alongside theSupreme Institution of the "appointed", which is the Guardian of theBah'Faith.
Letter addressing the disease of sectarian hatreds. Calling on all religious movementsto"riseabovefixedconceptionsinheritedfromadistantpast.
Location
The Seat of the Universal House of Justice is on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. ThelocationfortheUniversalHouseofJusticewasindicatedbyBah'u'llhinthe TabletofCarmel.
OneCommonFaith(2005)
Document primarily intended for a Bah' audience, in which it identifies as a majorchallengefortheBah'communitytheinculcationoftheprincipleofthe onenessofreligionandtheovercomingofreligiousprejudices.
Members Publications
ThecurrentmembersoftheUniversalHouseofJusticeare:
ThePromiseofWorldPeace(1985)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. GlenfordEckletonMitchell(Elected:1982) PeterJamelKhan(1987) HooperCameronDunbar(1988) FarzamArbab(1993) KiserBarnes(2000) HartmutGrossmann(2003) FiraydounJavaheri(2003) PaulLample(2005) PaymanMohajer(2005)
Statement addressed "To the Peoples of the World", presented to over 160 headsofstateandgovernment.Itoutlinesthemajorprerequisitesfor,aswellas theobstaclesworkingagainst,theestablishmentofworldpeace.
Bah'u'llh(1992)
MarkingthecentenaryofthepassingofBah'u'llh,thisstatementisareviewof hislifeandwork.
TheProsperityofHumankind(1995)
A statement on the concept of global prosperity in the context of the Bah' Teachings.
CenturyofLight(2001)
Reviewofthe20thcentury,focusingondramaticchangesandtheemergenceof theBaha'iFaithfromobscurity.
LettertotheWorld'sReligiousLeaders(2002)
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LettersoftheLiving
INFORMATION
LettersoftheLiving
The Letters of the Living was a title provided by the Bb to the first eighteen disciplesoftheBbReligion.InsomeunderstandingstheBbplaceshimselfat theheadofthislist(asthefirstletter).Inthisarticle,theformernotationwillbe usedexceptwhenspecificallysaidotherwise TheLetters The Letters are listed here in the order given by Nabl in The DawnBreakers (chapter3,p80),andsupportedbyQatlalKarbal'exceptwhereindicated 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. MullHusayn MuhammadHasanBushr' MuhammadBqirBushr' MullÀlBastm MullKhudBakhshQchn MullHasanBajistn SiyyidHusaynYazd MullMuhammadRawdihKhnYazd Sa`dHind(*) MullMahmudKhu' Mull(Àbdu'l)JallUrm(Urdbd) MullAhmadiIbdlMarghi' MullBqirTabrz MullYsufArdibl(*) MullHdQazvn MullMuhammadÀlQazvn Thirih(*) Qudds
numerals system the letters of the Arabic alphabet are assigned numerical values. The Arabic letters h and y , which compose the Arabic singular adjectivemeaning"living"inthephraseLettersoftheLiving,addupto18,and thereforethephraseLettersoftheLivingreferstothenumber18.Somepeople saythereisasimilarsymbolismaboutthenumericalvalueofthecorresponding HebrewwordinJudaism. TheBbreferredtothe18LettersoftheLiving,alongwithhimself,asthefirst VhidoftheBaynDispensa on.TheAbjadnumericalvalueofthewordVhidis 19.ThewordVhidmeans"One"andissometimestranslatedbyShoghiEffendi as "one and the same". The Bb used this term as a reference to God and his Manifestations. The Bb revealed an Epistle for Dayyn, "The Tablet of the Letters".InthisEpistle,hereferstoDayynasthe"ThirdLettertobelieveinHim WhomGodshallmakemanifest"(ref.:GodPassesBy,p.124)
1. MullHusayn 2. MuhammadHasanBushr'
MuhammadHasanBushr'wasthesecondLetteroftheLiving,andthebrother of Mull Husayn. He, his sons, MuhammadBqir Bushr', and Mull Husayn travelledtoShirazwheretheBbrevealedhismessage. He was killed during the Ba le of Fort Shaykh Tabars. Bbs consider him a martyr. 3.
MuhammadBqirBushr'
Mysticalmeaningof"LettersoftheLiving
OneoftheBb'stitleswasthe"PrimalPoint"(nuqtiyil).FromthatPointthe Letters became manifested. The Bb named the first eighteen believers in his mission as the Letters of the Living (Hurfu'lhayy in Arabic). In the Abjad
MuhammadBqirBushr'wasthethirdLetteroftheLiving,andthenephewof MullHusayn.HeandMuhammadHasanBushr'(hisfather)travelledwithhis uncleMullHusayntoShirazwheretheBbrevealedhismessage. HewaskilledinthefightingattheTabars.Bbsconsiderhimamartyr.
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4.
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) MullÀlBastm 12. MullAhmadiIbdlMarghi'
HewaskilledatTabars
LettersoftheLiving
INFORMATION
ThisfirstBbmartyr
5. MullKhudBakhshQchn
LaternamedMullÀl(*)
13. MullBqirTabrz
MullBqirTabrzwastheThirteenthLetteroftheLiving.Helivedbeyondthe BbuprisingsandlaterbecameaBah',theonlyLettertodoso. HeoutlivedtheotherLettersanddiedinIstanbulinaround1881.
6. MullHasanBajistn
Mull Hasan Bajistn was the sixth Letter of the Living. He did not play a significantroleasaBbandseemedtohaveexpressedhisdoubtsoftheBbs messageduringameetingwithBah'u'llh. ItisunlikelyheplayedasignificantroleintheAzaliBah'debatethatfollowed. A tablet written to Mull BaqiriTabrizi Translator has included a short biographicalstub 14. MullYsufArdibl(*) MullYsufArdiblwasthefourteenthLetteroftheLiving. Hewaskilledinthegh ngattheTabars.Bbsconsiderhimamartyr. GlossaryoftheKitbiqnincludesasmallbiographyofMullYusifiArdibili
7. SiyyidHusaynYazd
SiyyidHusaynYazdwastheseventhLetteroftheLiving.HeisknownastheBb's amanuensiswhosharedhisimprisonmentinMakuandthenChihriq.Inthestory of the Bb's execution, he is the secretary that the Bb spoke to before being takenawaytobeshot. Siyyid Husayn Yazd was executed in Tehran in 1852 in the aftermath on the attemptontheShah'slife.
15. MullHdQazvn
Qatl has Mull MuhammadiMayma' in his place among the Letters of the Living.
8. MullMuhammadRawdihKhnYazd 9. Sa`dHind(*) 10. MullMahmudKhu'

HewaskilledatTabars.
16. MullMuhammadÀlQazvn
Thirih'sbrotherinlaw.KilledatTabars
11. Mull(Àbdu'l)JallUrm(Urdbd)
HewaskilledatTabars.
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(*)NotincludedinthelistprovidedbyQatlwhichwascreatedfarearlier.He does not however provide alternatives and leaves the count at fourteen. Although the Bb seems to have written a tablet to each of the letters, the namesarenotonanyofthemsotheidentitiescannotbeconfirmed. OfthesethemostdistinguishedareMullHusayn,ThirihandQudds.Thirihis singledoutbecausesheistheonlywomanandrecognisedtheBbwithouteven meetinghim.Shesentaletterofbeliefthroughherbrotherinlawandwassure hewouldfindtheBb.
Also the paragraph claims that Bah'u'llhwas also in the group. The assertion thateitherwereLettersisagainstBah'beliefandisalsodeniedbyMillerinhis book ItisimportanttopointoutthatMrzYahywouldhavebeen12,orperhaps13 atthedeclarationoftheBb. ItisunclearfromwhereBrownea ainedthisinforma on,butmostlikelyfrom MrzYahyhimselfsincehewasoneofBrowne'smajorsources.
PolemicalclaimsabouttheLetters
The Letters of the Living were all appointed by the Bb in the period between May1844,whenherstdeclaredhismissionandOctober1844whenhesetout for his pilgrimage to Mecca. Individuals such as Mrz Yahy, Bah'u'llh, q SayyidÀliArabandMullRajabÀliwhoallbecameBbsafterthisperiodwere notandcouldnothavebeenpartoftheLettersoftheLivingashasbeenclaimed insomeaccounts. Most of the Letters died in Bb uprisings before Bah'u'llh started the Bah' Faith.ThereforethosesourcesthatclaimthattwooftheLettersweremurdered byfollowersofBah'u'llhsuchastheAhmadiauthor;Maulana("Amongthese are Aqa Syed Ali Arab, one of the 'letters of Hayy' [the Living], was killed at Tabriz;MullaRajabAliofthe'lettersofHayy',waskilledinBaghdad"[Maulana, 1933])wouldseemtobewrong.Maulana'soriginalsourceisunknown.
MrzYahyamongsttheLetters
It has been stated that Mrz Yahy was the fourth of the Letters of the Living (where the Bb would be the first) by E.G. Browne in A Traveller's Narrative (page xvi). The book does not include any other details of the Letters and is against the Bah's' commonly accepted view that Mulla Husayn's brother and nephew recognised the Bb shortly after him (since they'd take the third and fourthplace).
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INFORMATION MrzAbu'lFadl
MrzAbu'lFadl
Muhammad Sultanu'lÙlama, who was a friend of his fathers. Abu'lFadl remained at the college for three years, becoming well versed in several branchesofknowledge.Abu'lFadl'sfatherdiedinthewinterof1871,andafter his death, Abu'lFadl's brothers schemed against him and took all their father's inheritance. In October 1873, Mrz Abu'lFadl was invited to Tehran to teach Kalam, or speculative theology, at the Madrasih Hakim Hashim, one of the religious collegesinthecity.Duringthetimehewasatthereligiouscollege,hewasable to continue learning about philosophy and mystical philosophy, or Irfan, by attendingthelecturesofMrzAbu'lHasanJilvih,oneoftheleadingfigureson thesubject.FurthermoreduringthehistimeatMadrasihHakimHashim,healso discussedthehistoryofreligionwithtwoBuddhistscholarswhowhereinTehran atthesametime,andattendedscienceclassesatthetechnicalcollegewhichhad beensetupbytheShah.AfterashorttimeattheMadrasihHakimHashim,he wasselectedtobetheheadofthereligiouscollege.
MrzAbu'lFadliGulpygn Mrz Muhammad, or Mrz Abu'lFadliGulpygn (18441914) was the foremost Bah' scholar who helped spread the Bah' Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan,andtheUnitedStates.HeisoneofthefewApostlesofBah'u'llh who never actually met Bah'u'llh. His given name was Muhammad, and he chose the alias Abu'lFadl (progenitor of virtue) for himself, but Àbdu'lBah frequently addressed him as Abu'lFada'il (progenitor of virtues). (Momen, Moojan(20020304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.)
ConversiontotheBah'Faithandarrests
Mrz Abu'lFadl's first encounters with Bah's was in the beginning of 1876 during his time in Tehran. Abu'lFadl, at one point, met an uneducated cloth seller, named Aqa Àbdu'lKarim, with whom he would have discussions over difficult religious questions. Over time Abu'lFadl came to appreciate Àbdu'l Karim'skeennessandmoralqualities,butwheneventuallyhelearntthatÀbdu'l Karim was a Bah' and that the points he was making were predominantly derivedfromBah'scripture,Abu'lFadlwassaddened.(Momen,Moojan(2002 0304). Abu'lFadl Gulpaygani, Mirza.) . Abu'lFadl, however, became curious of the Bah' Faith, and asked to meet other Bah's. There is a famous story of MrzAbu'lFadl'smeetingwithaBah'blacksmith: "It so happened that on the way out one of the donkeys lost a shoe, so the party called at the nearest blacksmith for help. Noticing the long beard and large turban of Mirza Abu'lFadl indications of his vast knowledge the blacksmith Ustad HusayniNa'lBand (shoeing smith), who was illiterate, was temptedtoenterintoconversationwiththelearnedman.HesaidtoMirzathat sincehehadhonouredhimwithhispresence,itwouldbeagreatprivilegefor himifhecouldbeallowedtoaskaquestionwhichhadperplexedhismindfor some time. When permission was granted he said, 'Is it true that in the
Earlylife(Momen,Moojan(20020304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.)
Mrz Abu'lFadl was born in a village near Gulpaygan, Iran, sometime in the monthsofJuneorJuly1844.Hisfamilywereprominentreligiousscholarsinthe village;hisfather,MirzaMuhammadRidaShariàtmadar,wasareligiousleader, and his mother, Sharafu'nNisa, was related to the prayer leader of the town. Abu'lFadl completed his preliminary education in Gulpaygan, and then successivelywenttoArak,KarbalaandNajaftocontinuehiseducation.In1868 helefttoIsfahantostudyIslamicsciencesatoneofthereligiouscollegesinthe city; he was given a room by one of the prayer leaders, ImamJumìh, Sayyid
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TraditionsofSh'ahIslamitisstatedthateachdropofrainisaccompaniedby anangelfromheaven?Andthatthisangelbringsdowntheraintotheground?' 'Thisistrue,'MirzaAbu'lFadlresponded.Afterapause,theblacksmithbegged to be allowed to ask another question to which Mirza gave his assent. 'Is it true',theblacksmithasked,'thatifthereisadoginahousenoangelwillever visit that house?' Before thinking of the connection between the two questions, Mirza Abu'lFadl responded in the affirmative. 'In that case', commentedtheblacksmith,'norainshouldeverfallinahousewhereadogis kept.'MirzaAbu'lFadl,thenotedlearnedmanofIslam,wasnowconfounded by an illiterate blacksmith. His rage knew no bounds, and his companions noticedthathewasfilledwithshame.Theywhisperedtohim,'Thisblacksmith isaBah'!'"(AdibTaherzadeh,TheRevelationofBaha'u'llahv3,p.93) In the next several months, Abu'lFadl met with some of the leading Bah's includingNabliAkbar,MirzaIsmaìlDhabihandAqaMirzaHaydarÀliArdistani. While he was at Mirza Ismaìl Dhabih's house, he read two of Bah'u'llh's tablets, the LawhiRa's (Tablet of the Chief) and the LawhiFu'd (Tablet of Fu'ad Pasha), which contain prophecies both of the fall of the Ottoman Sultan AbdulAzizandvizierÀliPshandofthelossofAdrianoplefromtheSultan.He determinedthatiftheeventsportrayedinthosetabletscametopass,hewould believe in Bah'u'llh. (Momen, Moojan (20020304). Abu'lFadl Gulpaygani, Mirza.) Afewmonthslater,whenpreciselytheeventsforetoldinthetabletsoccurred, Mrz Abu'lFadl accepted the Bah' Faith and became a Bah' on September 20, 1876. As soon as he became a Bah', Abu'lFadl began to teach the new religiontoothers,andwhennewsspreadofhisconversionawayfromIslam,he wasremovedfromthereligiouscollege.Hefoundanewpositionasateacherat a school for Zoroastrian children that was established by Mnikchi Shib, an IndianParsi.Duringhistimeattheschool,anumberofZoroastriansconvertedto theBah'FaithincludingUstadJavanmardandMullaBahramAkhtarKhavari.He continued to teach the Bah' Faith during the next ten years that he spent in Tehran,andhelpedMrzHusyanHamadaniproduceanaccountofthehistoryof the Bb and Bah' religions, the TarikhiJadid (The New History), which was commissioned by Mnikchi Shib. In Tehran, he was also imprisoned on three occasions.HewasfirstimprisonedinDecember1876whenitwasfoundthathe had converted to the Bah' Faith; he was released after five months. He was nextimprisonedin188283fornineteenmonths,withfiftyorsootherBah'sin
Tehran, when the governor of the city, Kamran Mirza, ordered their arrests at the instigation of Sayyid Sadiq Sanglaji, a religious leader in the city. Then, in October 1885 he was imprisoned for another six months, once again, due to orders from Kamran Mirza. (Momen, Moojan (20020304). Abu'lFadl Gulpaygani,Mirza.)
Travels
Afterhis1882imprisonment,hebeganextensivetravelsthroughoutthePersian Empire,especiallyafterhereceivedlettersfromBah'u'llhin1886askinghimto travel to teach the Bah' Faith. It was principally through his writings that the Bah'FaithwaspresentedtotheJewsofIraninsuchawayastobringalarge number of them into accepting Bah'u'llh. During his travels in Iran he visited Kashan, Isfahan, Yazd and Tabriz. In 1888 and the three years thereafter he travelledtoAshgabat,Samarkand,andBukhara.DuringhistimeinAshgabat,Haji MuhammadRidaIsfahani,aprominentBah'wasassassinated;Abu'lFadlacted asthespokesmanonbehalfoftheBah'atthetrialofthemurders,andhelped establish the independence of the Bah' Faith from Islam for the Russian government.InSamarkand,histeachingeffortsallowedfortheconversionofthe first Afghan Bah', Dr. Àta'u'llah Khan. (Momen, Moojan (20020304). Abu'l FadlGulpaygani,Mirza.) In 1894 Abu'lFadl spent ten months with Àbdu'lBah in 'Akk, then in 1894 wenttoCairo,wherehesettledforseveralyears.InEgypt,hewassuccessfulin converting some thirty of the students of AlAzhar University, the foremost institutionoflearningintheSunniMuslimworld.Abu'lFadlalsobecamefriends withwritersandmagazinepublishers,andmanyarticlesaboutthatheauthored appeared in the Egyptian press. In 1896, when Nasiru'dDin Shah was assassinatedinIran,anenemyoftheBah's,Zaìmu'dDawlih,usedtherumour thattheassassinationhadbeenperformedbyBah's,tocauseamassacreofthe Bah'sinEgypt.WhenAbu'lFadl,stoodupindefencefortheBah'sandstated that he himself was a Bah', his allegiance became public; then when his two booksFara'idandAlDuraru'lBahiyyihwerepublishedin18971900thealAzhar UniversitydecreedthatAbu'lFadlwasaninfidel.(Momen,Moojan(20020304). Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.) Between1900and1904hetravelledtoParisandtheUnitedStates,byrequest of Àbdu'lBah, where his talks and writings enabled the fledgling Bah'
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communitiestogainconfidenceandaclearunderstandingofthereligion.During histravels,hewasaccompaniedbyLauraCliffordBarney,anAmericanBah'.In Paris,histalksweretranslatedbyAntonHaddad,andoverthirtypeoplebecame Bah's. Then in the autumn of 1901 travelled to the United States, and specificallytoChicago,wherethelargestBah'communitywas,andgavealarge numberoftalks.TheninDecember1901,Abu'lFadltravelledtoWashingtonD.C. andgavetalkstobothBah'sandthegeneralpopulation.Duringthistime,he alsocontinuouslyworkedonanintroductorybookontheBah'Faith.(Momen, Moojan(20020304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.) Abu'lFadlthentravelledtotheGreenAcreBah'SchoolinEliot,Mainewhere hestayedduringthemonthsofJulyandAugustof1903andlecturedtoaBah' audience.In1904,Àbdu'lBahaskedthatAbu'lFadlreturntotheMiddleEast, andtheBah'sheldalargefarewellgatheringforhiminNewYorkonNovember 29,1904.(Momen,Moojan(20020304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.)
Mrz Abu'lFadl wrote on a wide range of Bah' subjects, including extensive amounts of material about the proofs of Bah'u'llh's mission. He was consistentlypraisedbythecentralfiguresoftheBah'FaithandShoghiEffendi. HispapersandlettersincludeawiderangeofpresentationsoftheBah'Faith for those of Christian and Jewish backgrounds, and his concepts in the presentationoftheBah'Faithcontinuetobeimportanttoday.Afterhisdeath, hispapers,includingseveralunfinishedworks,weretakentoAshkhabad,where hisnephewlived;manyofthesepaperswere,however,lostduringtheRussian Revolution.[1] Abdu'lBahoncewrote,referringtoTheBrilliantProof: "HisHonourMrzAbu'lFadlhaswrittenatreatiseansweringthecriticismsof aLondonpreacher.Eachoneofyoushouldhaveacopy.Read,memorizeand reflect upon it. Then, when accusations and criticisms are advanced by those unfavourable to the Cause, you will be well armed. (Abdu'lBaha, The PromulgationofUniversalPeace,p.429)
Lateryears
Mrz Abu'lFadl lived most of his later years in Cairo until his death on 21 January1914.Duringhisfinalyears,healsovisitedBeirutandHaifa.Abu'lFadl wasinEgyptwhenÀbdu'lBahvisitedEgyptinAugust1910,andhestayednear Àbdu'lBahinAlexandriainmid1911.Neartheendof1912,Abu'lFadlstarted tobecomeill,andAqaMuhammadTaqiIsfahaniwasabletomoveAbu'lFadlto his house in Cairo, where he remained until his death on January 21, 1914. (Momen,Moojan(20020304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.) Afterhisdeath,Àbdu'lBahgaveaeulogywhichcanbefoundinBah'Proofs. Moojon Momen, a Bah' historian, states that Abu'lFadl possessed a critical mind, and had a complete devotion to the Bah' Faith.[1] Momen states that Abu'lFadl'swritings"showakeenunderstandingofmoderncurrentsofthought remarkableinamanwhoonlykneworientallanguages."andwasabletoapply theBah'teachingstoawiderangeofdifferentissues.(Momen,Moojan(2002 0304).Abu'lFadlGulpaygani,Mirza.)
Publications
SharhiAyatiMu'arrakhih (In Explanation of Massacre Verses that Prophesy Dates): Written in 1888, the work discusses the date of the prophecies concerning the coming of the Promised One in the scriptures of Islam, Christianity,Judaism,andZoroastrianism. Risalih Ayyubiyyih (Treatise addressed to Ayyub): Written in 1887, concerning propheciesrelatingtothePromisedOneintheTorah. Faslu'lKhitab (The Decisive Utterance): A large book written in Samarqand in 1892; among its subjects, it discusses the traditions in Shia Islam regarding the persecutionofthePromisedOne.Thebookwaswritteninreplytoanattackby anAdharbayjanShiacleric.Noknowncopyoftheworkexists. Fara'id(ThePeerlessGems):Abookwrittenin1898inreplytoanattackonthe Kitbiqn and published in Cairo. Generally considered Mrz Abu'lFadl's greatestwork.
Asanauthor
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AlDuraru'lBahiyyih(TheShiningPearls):Publishedin1900,itisacollectionof essays on the history of the Bah' Faith. Since it was wrriten in Arabic, it was responsibleformakingtheBah'sknowninEgypt.IthasbeentranslatedbyJuan Cole as Miracles and Metaphors (Mrz Abu'lFadl Gulpygn (1981). Miracles andmetaphors.LosAngeles:KalimtPress) RisaliyyihIskandaraniyyih:PublishedalongwithAlDuraru'lBahiyyih,thepaper provides proofs for Muhammad's prophethood from Christian and Jewish scripture.ItalsoexplainstheversefromtheQur'an"Thenitisourstoexplainit. The KitabiIbrar (Book of Justification): While no manuscript of this book currentlyexists,itwasreferredtoinAbu'lFadl'sotherworksandseemstohave dealtwiththeCovenant. AlHujaju'lBah'yyih (The Bah' Proofs): A book written while in the United States,andexplainsanddefendstheBah'FaithfromaChristianpointofview. BurhaniLami`(TheBrilliantProof)j:Published,alongwithanEnglishranslation, in Chicago in 1912, the paper responds to a Christian clergyman's questions. Republished as Mrz Abu'lFadl Gulpygn (1998). The Brilliant Proof. Los Angeles:KalimtPress. Kashfu'lGhita (The Uncovering of Error): After E.G. Browne published the Nuqtatu'lKaf,whichwashostiletotheBah'Faith,Abu'lFadlbeganworkingon refutations of that book. When he learned that other Bah' scholars had also started working on refutations that had reached an advanced stage, he suspendedhiswriting.Henevercompletedthebook,andwhenhispaperswere sent to his cousin in Ashkhabad, his cousin worked on completing the book, of which132of438pagesarewrittenbyAbu'lFadl. Letters InadditiontothebooksthatAbu'lFadlwrote,healsowroteanumberofshorter works in response to questions addressed to him; some of these letters have beenpublishedinanumberofcompilations:
MajmuìyiRasa'iliHadratiAbi'lFadl:PublishedinCairoin1920andcontains 16lettersandtreatises. Rasa'il wa Raqa'im: Published in Persian in Tehran in 1977, and contains 23 treatises and 59 letters. Some of the treatises from this work have been translatedbyJuanColeintoEnglishinLeters&Essaysincludeding: Two treatises on the Covenant: Published in 1911 in Cairo consisting of two treatiseswrittenin1899and1896whichdealwithproofsfromtheBibleandthe Qur'an,andabouttheactionsofCovenantbreakers. RisalihIskandariyyih(TreatiseofAlexander):Writteninresponsetoarequestby E.G.BrownetowriteaboutthelifeofBah'u'llhamongotherthings.Theletter was named in honour of Alexander Tumanski, who had also requested informationaboutBah'u'llh. AlBab wa'lBabiyyih (The Bb and Bbsm): A brief history of the Bah' Faith commissioned by the editor of the Egyptian magazine AlMuqtataf after the assassinationofNasseralDinShah. A treatise regarding Bah'u'llh's ancestry which traces it to the last Sasanian king,YazdgerdIII
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AccordingtoBrowne,MirzaYahyahadseveralwives,andatleastninesonsand fivedaughters.Hissons included:Nurullah,Hadi,Ahmad,AbdulAli,RizwanAli, and four others. Rizvan Ali reports that he had eleven or twelve wives. (E.G. Browne, (1897). "Personal Reminiscences of the Babi Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850,writtenbyAqaÀbdu'lAhadiZanjan".JournaloftheRoyalAsiaticSociety) LaterresearchreportsthathehaduptoseventeenwivesincludingfourinIran and at least five in Baghdad, although it is not clear how many, if any, were simultaneous. (M. Momen (1991). "The Cyprus Exiles". Bah' Studies Bulletin: pp.8796) HisprominentworkisASuccinctAccountoftheNewManifestation In1863bothhalfbrothersandtheirretinuewereexiledtoAdrianople.In1868 MirzaYahyawasexiledtoCypruswherehediedinFamagusta,CyprusonApril 29,1912.HewasburiedwithMuslimrites. AdoptingTheBayaniFaith HowheadoptedtheBayanifaithisrelatedbyhimtoMirzaJani(ibid,P.376): I,theauthorofthisbook,oncemethim.Heappearedtomeanamiablechild.I subsequently enquired his experiences, and asked him, How was it that you werefirstdrawntothissociety?Hereplied,Theannouncementofthemission ofHisHolinesstookplacewhenIhadjustreachedtheageofpuberty. Notlikingtofollowblindlyanyofthedoctorsofreligion,Imadeenquiriesabout him.AtthetimewhenmyhonouredbrotherusedtobringthefollowersofHis Holinesstothehouse,andconversewiththembynight,andreadhiswritings. Itoousedtolistedtowhatpassed,tillonetimewhentheywerereadingaprayer of his in which the expression Faah, ya ilahi (O, O my God), occurred very frequently,theattractionofthespiritofthiswordenthralledmyheart,andlove forhim[whosewordsthesewere]establisheditselffirmwithinme. Afterwards I saw his [explanation of the] Traditions of the Imams and other pespicuoussigns,andbelievedwithfullassurance.
MirzaYahyaNurientitledSubhiAzal Mirza Yahya Nuri entitled SubhiAzal was born in Teheran in the year 1247 A.H.(1831)toKuchakKhanumiKarmanshahi(AtiyyaRuhiABriefBiographyof His Holiness Subhi Azal) and Mrz BuzurgiNr, in the province of Mazandaran,). His motherdied whilegiving birth tohim, and his father died in 1834whenMirzaYahyawasthreeyearsold.HisfatherisburiedatVadialIslam inNajaf. HewasthehalfbrotherofMirzaHusaynAlicommonlycalledBaha,to whomhewasjuniorbythirteenyears.Hisexactdateofbirthisnotknown.His motherdiedinchildbirth.Helosthisfatherwhenhewasthreeyearsold.Hewas brought up by his stepmother Khadija Khanum, Bahas mother, and grew up under the care of his elder brother (Baha) (TarikhiJadid, appendix II. Mirza JanisHistory,PP.374376).
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Inoneofhisepistleshestatesthathewas13yearsofagewhenheembraced theBayanifaith.HefirstrosetoprominenceafterthedeathoftheLastLetterof the Living Quddus, which took place on the last night of Jamad Thani A.H. 1265(May22,1849)(ibid,P.364&P.385). ThesourceOfTheTitle'SubhiAzal' It was common practice among the Bbs to receive titles. The Tradition of KumaylIbnZiyad,oneofImamAlischosendisciples.HeoncedemandedofAlito explainwhatistruth?ThetraditionassetforthinPointsPersianDalailiSaba (TheSevenProofs)isasfollows: . . . . . . . TheTruthis:therevelationofthesplendoursofdivinemajestywithoutasign. Theeffacementoftheconjecturedandtheclearingoftheknown. Therendingoftheveilbythetriumphofthemajesty. TheattractionoftheDivineUnitythroughtheapprehensionofitsoneness.Al lightshiningforthfromtheMorningofEternity(i.e.SubhiAzal)[andirradiating thetemplesoftheUnity]. The Primal Point quotes this tradition is support of his manifestation and its development.MirzaJaniofKashan,inhisNuqtatulKaf,associatesalightshining forthfromtheMorningofEternityandirradiatingthetempleoftheUnitywith the appearance, and appointment of Subhi Azal as successor to the Point [i.e. the BB]. By the Point himself, by whom he was entitled The Morning of Eternity[SubhiAzal]inallusiontothepromiseconnectedwiththisyearinthe tradition. TheBb'sWillandTestamentaddressesMirzaYahyainthefirstverse: "Name of Azal, testify that there is no God but I, the dearest beloved. (Manuchehri, S. (2004). "The Primal Points Will and Testament". Research NotesinShaykhi,BabiandBaha'iStudiesVol.7(No.2))
Manuchehri(2004)notesthatMirzaYahyawastheonlyBbwithsuchatitleas "Azal".(Manuchehri, S. (2004). "The Primal Points Will and Testament". ResearchNotesinShaykhi,BabiandBaha'iStudiesVol.7(No.2)) However,theBbappearstomentionhimonlyoccasionally,ifever,specifically as "SubhiAzal", while attributing others with the title. He appeared to prefer calling him "Thamaratu'lAzaliyya" and "'Ismu'lAzal", while in early books he is called"HadratiAzal".Thishasledcertainacademicstodoubtitsorigin,although they cite error, rather than deception as a motive.(U. Schaefer ; Towfigh, N. & Gollmer, U. (2000). Making the Crooked Straight: A Contribution to Bah' Apologetics, p.631. quoted in The Universal House of Justice (28 May 2004). Tablet of the Bb LawhiVasaya, "Will and Testament"; Titles of Mrz Yahy) TherearealsoreferencestothetitlesalWahid,Tal'atalNurandalTamara. SubhiAzal'sRisetoProminence SubhiAzal'sfirstepistleaddressedtothePrimalPointisreproducedinoldBBi manuscripts.InhisworktheBBreferstohimashavingappearedintheyearof Waw]6[ofthePointsdeclaration.ThePrimalPointsdeclarationtookplaceon Jamad Awwal 5, 1260 A.H. (May 23, 1844). The sixth year or the year Waw beginsonJamadAwwal5,A.H.1265(March29,1849)andendsonJamadAwwal 5,A.H.1266(March19,1850). Now,theremainderofthehistoryofHisHolinesstheReminder[Zikr,i.e.the PrimalPoint](maymylifebehissacrifice)isasfollows.Afterthemartyrdomof Hazrati Quddus [see 4.5.1] and his companions, the Master was filled with sadness,untilsuchatimeasthewritingsofJanabiAzal[i.e.SubhiAzal]methis gaze,whenthroughtheviolenceofhisdelight,heroseupandsatdownseveral times,pouringforthhisgratitudetoGodwhomheworshipped. Subhi Azal met and became acquainted His Holiness Quddus on the way to Barfurush and went with him to Barfurush, where he met with QurratalAyn. Both these leaders showed great kindness and attention. At the command of Quddus,QurratalAynconductedMirzaYahyatotheplaceshewasdirectedto take namely, to Nur district in Mazandaran. Mirza Jani in NuqtaalKaf (New History),pp.377378.
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INFORMATION
personal Diary], according to the number of the Unity [Whid = 19], that the outwardformmightcorrespondwiththeinwardreality. Healsowroteatestamentarydisposition,explicitlynominatinghim[i.e.Subhi Azal]ashissuccessor,andadded,Writetheeight[unwritten]Whids[Unities] oftheBayan,andifHeWhomGodshallmanifestshouldappearinHisPowerin thy time, abrogate the Bayan; and put into practice which we shall inspire into thineheart.NowthemysteryofhisbestowinghiseffectsonAzalaccordingto the Number of the Unity is perfectly evident, namely he intended the inner meaning thereof, that it might be known to all his followers that after himself Azalshouldbearthedivineinfluences.Andhisobjectinexplicitlynominatinghim assuccessoralsowastoreassuretheheartsoftheweaksothattheymightnot be bewildered as to his real nature, but enemies and friends alike might know that there is no intermission in gods grace and that gods religion is a thing whichhemademanifest. Andthereasonwhy[thePoint]himselfrefrainedfromwritingeight[unwritten] WhidsoftheBayan,butleftthemtoAzal,wasthatallmenmightknowthatthe Tongueofgodisone,andthatHeinHimselfisasovereignProof.Andwhathe meant by Him Whom God Shall Manifest after himself was Hazrati Azal [a personalmistakebyMirzaJani]andnoneotherthanhim,fortheremaynotbe twoPointsatonetime.AndthesecretofthePointssaying,_thusandthus, while Azal was himself also a Proof was that at this time His Holiness the Reminder was the Heaven of Volition, and Azal was accounted the Earth of Devotionandtheproductofpurifiedgift,whereforewashethusaddressed. Inshort,assoonasthistimehadcometheEternalFruit[ThamaraiAzaliyya] hadreachedmaturity,theRedBlossomofReminderhood[i.e.thePrimalPoint] casting itself from the branch of the Blessed Tree of the Qarmate (which is neitheroftheEastnoroftheWest[Quran,xxiv,35)tothesimoonwindofthe malice of foes, destroyed itself, and prepared to ascend from the outward and visible world of dominion to the inward realm of the mystery of god head. Therefore it was that the accessories of his martyrdom appeared in the world; for it is sufficiently obvious that, had he not himself been content with martyrdom,nonewouldhavehadproventoharmhim. SubhiAzalsSpecificNomination
From the Nur district Mirza Yahya returned to Teheran and later went back to MazandaranwiththeintentionofreachingShaykhTabarsi.Hewascaptureden route. Subhi Azals Sataat, Sata 186. (For Sataat see Materials, p.313). SubhiAzal rose to prominence after May 22, 1849, and allowing for the time consumed in travelling and probable delays for purposes of correspondence, SubhiAzalsappointmentasthePrimalPointssuccessortookplacein1850. Notice in writing of SubhiAzals appointment as such was given by the Primal Point to prominent BBis, including his Letters of the Living. These communications are reproduced in old BBi manuscripts. SubhiAzal was 19 yearsoldatthetimeofhisappointment. As Ali had been the Wasi (executor) of the prophet or possessed the general Wilaya (guardianship or saintship) in the Quranic cycle so was Subhi Azal the Mirror of the Primal Point or possessed the general Mirrorness in the Bayanic DispensationoftheMirroristheimagewhichitreflects.ThatiswhythePrimal Point in his writings refers to Subhi Azal as the Mirror of the Bayan (Miratal Bayan). ThefirstcommunicationfromSubhiAzaladdressedtothePointinhisprisonat ChihriqwasconveyedtohimbymeansofMirza(Shaykh)AliSayyah.T.ANoteW, p.352;ibid,pp.380381,footnote2. This historic document is reproduced in all manuscripts of A.H. 1287 (1870). According to Subhi Azal in his Sataat (Sata 151 the receipt of the first communication by the Primal Point coincided with the twenty fifth of Day of NawRuz, Farvardin (of the Iranian Solar year 1229) (1850), when the Primal Pointappointedhimashissuccessorandcommandedhisfollowerstocelebrate thatdayasfeast. AppendixIItotheTarikhiJadid(TheNewHistory)ofMirzaHusaynofHamadan, translatedintoEnglishbyProfessorBrowne: Now,whenthelettersofJanabiAzal[i.e.SubhiAzal]cametoHisHolinessthe Reminder[i.e.thePrimalPoint],herejoicedexceedingly,andthenceforthbegan thedeadlineoftheSunoftheReminderandtherisingoftheMoonofAzal.So he [i.e. the Primal Point] sent ofhis personal effects, such aspencases, paper, writings, his own blessed raiment, and his holy rings, [refer to the Points
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12651266
6th
INFORMATION
OntheauthorityofthePersianBayan,Whid(Unity)VI,BB(chapter)7andII:3, SayyidAliMuhammad,theBBULLAH,thePrimalPoint,asthebearerofanew Revelation,retainedtheImamatedoctrineofspecificnomination,whereundera successor inoffice owed his appointment to his predecessor inoffice an appointee by specific nomination is the Speaking Bookoverriding the Silent Book, the Bayan. Upon cesser of specific nomination return is made to the SilentBookwhichismaintainedbythemaintainerofthelaw,calledwitnesses until the advent of the next manifestation. SubhiAzal was the appointee by specific nomination. The relevant section of the Primal Points testamentary dispositionsaddressedtoSubhiAzalrunsasfollows: Exhort to virtue those whobelieve in me and in my words, that theydisgrace not touching the command of god, (for them) shall they stray away from the path,andifgodcauseonelikeuntotheetoappearinthydays,thenheitisto whomshallbebequeathedthecommandonthepartofgod,theSingle,theOne. But if [such an One] appears not, know for surely that god hath not willed to makehimselfknown,andrendersupthecommandtogod,andthelordofthe worlds,all,andtoenjointhewitnesseswhoaregodfearinganddonotoverstep the bounds, set by god. See also Prof. Brownes article J.R.A.S July 1892, pp. 444474). SubhiAzal left no will and testament, and ordained no witness with his death specificnominationceasedanddetermined. The Primal Point declared his mission on May 23, 1844 (JamadAwwal 5, 1260 A.H.)HewasmartyredonJuly8,1850(Shaban27,1266A.H). 5JamadAwwal12601261May23rd,18441845 1st 12611262 12621263 12631264 12641265 18451846 18461847 18471848 18481849 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
18491850
Quddus was martyred on Jamad Thani 29, 1265 A.H. (May 22, 1849). New History,AppendixII,P.366. Subhi Azal rose to prominence, after the martyrdom of Quddus in A.H. 1263 (1849), the first year (ibid, p.369). The Primal Point appointed him as his successorinA.H.1266(1850),thesixthyear. InhiscommunicationaddressedtoMullaShaykhAlisurnamedAzimthePrimal Point informs him that the Bayan bore fruit in the year Waw (=6=1266). (Panj Shan) of 1850, p.255. The Points Five grades ThisisalsoconfirmedbySubhiAzalinhiswritings. ThereisdisputeoverwhotheBbnamedassuccessoranditeventuallyturned thesupportersofSubhiAzalandBah'u'llhagainsteachother.(AbbasAmanat (1989). Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 414.) Shortly before the Bb's execution, a follower of the Bb, Abd alKarim, brought it to the Bb's attention of the necessitytoappointasuccessor;thustheBbwroteacertainnumberoftablets which he gave to Abd alKarim to deliver to SubhiAzal and Bah'u'llh.(Abbas Amanat (1989). Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of theBabiMovementinIran.Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress,p.384)Thesetablets were later interpretated by both Azalis and Bah's as proof of the Bb's delegation of leadership.(Abbas Amanat (1989). Resurrection and Renewal: The MakingoftheBabiMovementinIran.Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress,p.384) Inoneofthetablets,whichiscommonlyreferredtoastheWillandTestamentof the Bb, SubhiAzal is viewed to have been appointed as leader of the Bbis afterthedeathofthemovement'sfounder;thetablet,inverse27,alsoappears to order SubhiAzal "...to obey Him Whom God Shall Make Manifest. (Manuchehri,S.(2004)."ThePrimalPointsWillandTestament".ResearchNotes inShaykhi,BabiandBaha'iStudiesVol.7(No.2))SomestatethatSubhiAzal's claimtosuccessorshipisobvious,(Nicolas,A.L.M(1933).Quiestlesucceseurdu Bab?. Paris: Librairie d'Amerique et d'Orient, 15) others state that the Bb, for thepurposesofsecrecy,whencorrespondingwithBah'u'llhwouldaddressthe
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letters to SubhiAzal.(Juan Cole A Brief Biography of Baha'u'llah) After the Bb's death SubhiAzal came to be regarded as the central authority in the movement. However, the calibre of SubhiAzal's leadership of the Bbs was controversial. (JuanColeABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah)Hegenerallyabsentedhimselffrom the Bb community spending his time in Baghdad in hiding and disguise; and even went so far as to publicly disavow allegiance to the Bb on several occasions.(JuanColeABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah)(DennisMacEoin(1989). "Azali Babism". Encyclopdia Iranica) (Barrett (2001). p 246) SubhiAzal graduallyalienatedhimselffromalargeproportionoftheBbswhostartedto givetheiralliancetootherclaimants. During the time that both Bah'u'llh and SubhiAzal were in Baghdad, Bah'u'llhpubliclyandinhisletterspointedtoSubhiAzalastheleaderofthe community.(JuanColeABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah)However,sinceSubhi Azalremainedinhiding,Bah'u'llhperformedmuchofthedailyadministration oftheBbaffairs.(JuanColeABriefBiographyofBaha'u'llah)Then,in1863 Bah'u'llh made a claim to be Him Whom God Shall Make Manifest, the messianic figure in the Bb's writings, to a small number of followers, and in 1866 he made the claim public. (Dennis MacEoin (1989). "Azali Babism". Encyclopdia Iranica) Bah'u'llh's claims threatened SubhiAzal's position as leaderofthereligionsinceitwouldmeanlittletobeleaderoftheBbsif"Him WhomGodShallMakeManifest"weretoappearandstartanewreligion.(Juan Cole A Brief Biography of Baha'u'llah) SubhhiAzal responded by making his own claims, but his attempt to preserve the traditional Bbsm was largely unpopular, and his followers became the minority. (Dennis MacEoin (1989). "AzaliBabism".EncyclopdiaIranica) SubhiAzal,HeWhoWritestheVersesofGod Facing the nominationdocument is an epistle penned in the Points own handwriting, addressed to Karim, namely Mulla AbdalKarim of Qazwin also knownasMirzaAhmadiKatib.Thesealaffixedtoitreadsasfollows: GodwitnesseththatthereisnoGodbutHe,theMighty,thebeloved.Thiswas oneofthesealsusedbythePrimalPoint.
Intheepistle,MullaAbdalKarimisdirectedbythePrimalPointtopreservethe Pointswriting,toconveythemtoSubhiAzalandtoconsulthimwhowritesthe versesofgodtouchingthepurposeofgod,whennecessary.HeWhoWritesthe verses of god signifies the Points amanuensis Aqa Sayyid Husayn of Yazd. He wasoneoftheLettersoftheLivingsurnamedAziz.Hewasmartyredfollowing theattemptonthethenShahslifeinAugust1852. ThecollectioncalledSomeoftheautographepistleofthePrimalPointandof his amanuensis Aqa Sayyid Husayn (were publushed by Bayanis), which were salvagedoutofthewreckagewroughtintothePointswritingbyBaha(section 9.12.9.2refers). This page contains the Points autograph epistle addressed to SubhiAzal. The following is the last segment of the tablet above magnified.
:
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In this epistle the Primal Point confers on SubhiAzal a rank coequal with himself . He refers to him as follows: HeisthatHeis..Heisgod.godisHe..HeisIMyselfIamHeHimself. Iamgodthouartgod..themirrorofmyself,andthecrystalofthyEssence, the Settingplace of thy AllHoliness and His RisingPlace of thy Self SubsistenceInterpretanyverseinthisepistleinthemannerinwhichgodshall inspire into thine heart preserve this epistle and its mention so that you experiencenotsorrowfromalBahain[i.e.Bahais].
.
SubhiAzalAndHimWhomGodWillMakeManifest MirzaJanihasidentifiedHeWhomGodShallManifestwithSubiIAzalinthe sense that there may not be two Points [i.e. the Manifestations of the Primal Will,forthedefinitionofthetermPoint(Nuqta). NodocumentaryevidencehasbeentracedtoupholdMirzaJanisstatementthat SubhiAzalwastoabrogatetheBayanifHeWhomGodShallManifestshould appear in His Power in thy time, and to put into practice that which we shall inspireintothineheart. Mirza Jani in NK considers the manifestation of Subhi Azal to be the manifestation of HimWhomGodShallMakeManifest. Mirza Jani misdirects himselfhisinhisopinionandtherebyarrivedatawrongconclusion.Wherethe text is clear there is no room for interpretation. The Points Testamentary DispositionaddressedtoSubhiAzalisclearandprevail. MirzaJaniwasnottheonlyonewhowasmistaken.Manyabelieverpassedaway withthebeliefthatSubhiAzalwasHimWhomGodWillMakeManifest.Inone ofhisepistlesSubhiAzalsays:
3 .... .... ... ... ... ....
. .
For some years Mirza Husayn Ali Baha himself held the same belief: InhisSataat,Sata107,SubhiAzalsays:
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... ...
The Primal Point did not expect the immediate appearance of the next manifestation, and Subhi Azal never claimed to be HeWhomGodWillMake Manifest. SubhiAzalstoodinrelationtothePrimalPointasdidAlitotheProphet.The Points Testamentary Disposition addressed to Subhi Azal confirms no commandtoabrogatetheBayan,butrathermakeimpossiblesuchadirective. SubhiAzalAndTheLettersofTheLiving The statement attributed to SubhiAzal by Prof. Browne, (T.A. P.95) was misconceivedbythelatter. SubhiAzalhadnotyetappearedin1844whenthePointsbodyofLettersof18 persons, who first believed in him, was completed before he set out for the pilgrimage.TarikhiJadid,AppendixIII,SubhiAzalsNarrative,P.399andP.417. TheFirstLetterMullaHusaynofBushrawiyehdiedinJanuary1849,ibid,P.363. TheLastLetterdiedinMay1848,ibid,P.366. Subhi Azal appeared in the fifth year of the Points declaration. ibid, P. 330. SubhiAzalfirstrosetoprominenceonthedeathofQuddusin1849.ibid,P.374; P. 381. His first contact with the Primal Point was established when the latter readhiswritingsafterthedeathofQuddusin1849.ibid,P.374.P.381. HisappointmentasthePointssuccessorandvicegerenttookplacein1850.As such, and with full authority to interpret the Bayan and to write the eight unwrittenWhids[Unities]oftheBayan,SubhiAzalestablishedhisascendancy overalltheLettersoftheLiving.NoneoftheLettersoftheLivingwasinvested withsuchpowersonthepartofthePrimalPoint.
BayanisagreethatmostoftheLettersoftheLivingperishedintheMazandaran upheaval. WitnessesofBayan Subject to his paramount authority, witnesses appointed by SubhiAzal in the earlyperiodofhistenureofofficewereintendedtofunctionduringhislifetime. BahawasawitnessappointedbySubhiAzalduringtheBaghdadperiodofthe BBiexiles.HeactedmerelyonbehalfofSubhiAzal(seeDelegationofauthority from Baha to Subhi Azal). By reason of his defection from the Bayani Cause, Baha as well as any other appointed witnesses who truckled to him forfeited their appointment. The appointment of any other witnesses who adhered faithfullytoSubhiAzallapsedonthedeathofSubhiAzal,theirappointor. As for witnesses to function after SubhiAzals death, the BB maintained the ImamatedoctrineofSpecialNominationwhereundereachImam(Spiritualguide) owed his appointment to his special nomination by his predecessor in office. SubhiAzalwasthePrimalMirrorappointedbySpecialNominationbythePrimal Point. SubhiAzal was the Speaking Book, overseeing the Silent Book, the Bayan. Under the provisions of the Points Testamentary Dispositions, addressed to SubhiAzal,SubhiAzalwastobequeaththecommandtoonelikeuntohim,if suchanoneweretoappearinhisdays,andindefaultofsuchanone,hewasto renderupthecommandtogodandordainwitnesses. AsfarasisknownSubhiAzalleftnoWillandappointednosuccessorbySpecial Nomination. With his death Special Nomination ceased. With his death, the Speaking Book, overseeing the Silent Book, the Bayan, ceased, and the Bayan becametheauthority.AsfarasknownSubhiAzalordainednowitnesses.
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hesitation in alteration and falsification of Babi teachings and history in their works."(Manuchehri,Sepehr(1999)."ThePracticeofTaqiyyah(Dissimulation)in theBabiandBahaiReligions".ResearchNotesinShaykhi,BabiandBaha'iStudies Vol.3(no.3))Hislegacydidcontinue,howeverwithdiminishingsuccess.Shoghi Effendi reports that Mirza Yahya appointed a distinguished Bb, Aqa Mirza Muhammad Hadi of Daulatabad(Mirza HadiyiDawlatAbadi) successor, but he later publicly recanted his faith in the Bb and in Mirza Yahya. Mirza Yahya's eldest son apparently became a Bah' himself. (Shoghi Effendi (1944). God Passes By, p. 233) (M. Momen (1991). "The Cyprus Exiles". Bah' Studies Bulletin:p.99) Browne reports that there was confusion over who was to be Mirza Yayha's successor at his death. Mirza Yayha's son, Rizwn Àli, reported that he had appointedthesonofAqaMirzaMuhammadHadiDaulatabadiashissuccessor; whileanother,H.C.Lukach's,statesthatMirzaYahyahadsaidthatwhicheverof hissons"resembledhimthemost"wouldbethesuccessor.Noneappeartohave stepped forward.(E.G. Browne (1918). Materials for the Study of the Bb Religion, pp. 312314) Miller quoting a later source states that Yahya did not name a successor.(William M. Miller (1974). The Bah' Faith: Its History and Teachings, p. 107. Miller relied heavily on Jalal Azal who disputed the appointmentofMuhammadHadiDaulatabadi.(M.Momen(1991)."TheCyprus Exiles".Bah'StudiesBulletin)) In the 1970s there were believed to be between 500 and 5000 Azalis, mostly concentratedinIran.Currentestimatesarethatthattherearenomorethana few thousand. (Barrett (2001). p 246)("Azali". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 2006.EncyclopdiaBritannica)
SubhiAzal
Legacy ManyofthefactsaboutMirzaYahyaaredisputedbytherespectiveBah'and Azali historical sources. Bah's claim that he was unscrupulous, jealous, frustrated,andbehindseveralmurdersandattemptedmurdersofhisenemies, including the poisoning of Bah'u'llh.(H.M.Balyuzi (2000). Bah'u'llh, King of Glory, pp. 225226.)(E.G. Browne (1918). Materials for the Study of the Bb Religion,p.16.)(J.R.I.Cole(2002)."Baha'u'llah'sSurahofGod:Text,Translation, Commentary".TranslationsofShaykhi,BabiandBaha'iTextsVol.6(No.1)) Some Azali sources take these allegations against him and reapply them to Bah'u'llh, even claiming that he poisoned himself.(Mirza Aqa Khan Kirmani madethisclaimlaterinhisHashtBihisht.ThisbookisabstractedinpartbyE.G. Browne in "Note W" of his translation of A Traveller's Narrative, (Browne, E.G. (1891). A Traveller's Narrative, An epitome of Bb and Bah' history to A.D. 1898,p.359.).However,thepracticeofTaqiyya(Dissimulation)waswidespread amongAzalisandcontemporaryhistoriansrecognizethat:"TheAzaliBabisandin particular Mirza Aqa Khan Kirmani and Shaykh Ahmad Ruhi showed little
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TheGuardianshipofShoghiEffendi:Lossesand Losses
Content 1Introduction 2ShoghiEffendididnotsharedthecontributionswithhisfamilymembers 3ShoghiEffendiexcommunicateseverymemberofhisfamily 4ShoghiEffendiusurpsthecustodianshipfromMirzaMuhammadAli 5TheDaughterofMirzaBadiullahdeniedentryintotheTomb 6ThehouseofMirzaMuhammadAliusurpedbyShoghiEffendi 7ShoghiEffendiwasinterestedmoreinnovels 8ShoghiEffendiexcommunicateshisbrotherinlaw(SayedAliNayyarAfnan) 1Introduction After the deaths of the Bab and Baha'u'llah, bitter quarrels regarding the successionaroseamongthebelievers.FortunatelyonthedeathofAbdu'lBaha no one disputed the succession. This, however, did not indicate that all the followersofBaha'u'llahwelcomedtheaccessionoftheGuardian,andwereready toobeyhim.IntheearlyyearsoftheruleofAbdu'lBaha,mostofthemembers of the family of Baha'u'llah vigorously protested against what they considered unlawfulassumptionofauthorityonthefamilymembers. 2ShoghiEffendididnotsharedthecontributionswithhisfamilymembers ThehonorofbeingGuardianwasnotanemptyone,forinhisWillAbdulBaha arrangedthathisgrandsonshouldbewellprovidedforfinancially.IntheKitabi Aqdas Baha'u'llah had commanded (1) that believers pay to God a 19% PurificationTaxoncapitalfunds(gold).Thismoneywastoheexpendedonlyas Baha'u'llahpermitted.ThepaymentofthistaxlapsedatthedeathofBaha'u'llah, forinhisWillhestipulated,GodhasnotdecreedfortheBranches[Baha'ssons] arightinone'sproperty.(2)However,inthismatteraswellasinothers,Abdul Bahadisregardedhisfather'sWill,claimedthistaxforhimself(inadditiontothe voluntaryofferingsofbelievers),(3)andinhisownWillcommanded(4)thata fixedmoneyoffering(huququllah,'therightsofGod')topaidtotheguardianof theCauseofGod,thatitmaybeexpendedforthediffusionoftheFragrancesof GodandtheexaltationofHisWord,forbenevolentpursuitsandforthecommon
weal.ThisprovisionwasomittedfromtheExcerptsfromtheWillprintedinthe Baha'iWorld19281928. ItisreportedongoodauthoritythatShoghiEffendikeptalltheincomeforhis plansandpurposes,andfailedtoshareitwithothermembersofthefamilyof Ahdu'1Baha,whokeptquietlesttheymakeabreachintheCauseofGod.(5) 3ShoghiEffendiexcommunicateseverymemberofhisfamily It seems that Shoghi Effendi, pleading inability to enter upon the duties of his officeforthwith,retiredintosolitudeforseveralyearsafterhisreturntoHaifa, leavingthemanagementofBaha'iaffairsinthehandsoftheoldermembersof thefamilyofAbdulBaha.BahiyyaKhanum,theSupremeLeaf,thedaughterof Baha'u'llahwhohadremainedloyaltoherbrother,becamethetitularheadof themovement,whileMuniraKhanum,thegrandmotherofShoghiEffendi,who had induced her husband to make him the Guardian and successor, was the powerbehindthethrone.(6) Afteratime,however,ShoghiEffendibegantorealizetheextentoftheauthority vestedinhimbytheWillofAbdulBaha,(7)cameforthfromhisseclusion,and proceededtoexercisehispowerasGuardianoftheCause.Actinginaccordance with the provisions of the Will, he took over the reins of the Baha'i Administration, and demanded ready and implicit obedience from the servants ofGod,indefaultofwhichanyservantofGodwasliabletoexcommunicationor summary expulsion from the faith under some pretence or pretext.... His decisionswereabsoluteandfinalandhiswordsauthorative.(8) It is not surprising that this policy brought the Guardian into conflict not only with numerous believers but also with the members of his own family, and resulted in their excommunication. The first person to be purged by Shoghi EffendiwashisgrandmotherMuniraKhanum,wifeofAbdulBaha,thefirstlady of the Baha'i realm, to whom the Guardian, to a considerable extent, was indebtedforhisposition.(9) LaterallthemembersofAbdulBaha'sfamily,hisdaughters,hisdescendants,his sonsinlaw, the brothers and sisters of Shoghi Effendi, and last of all his own parentswereexcommunicated.(10)
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RiyadhRabbani,ayoungerbrotheroftheGuardian,hasstated(11)thathefor years had assisted Shoghi Effendi in his work. Then when Shoghi excommunicated his parents he called upon Riyadh to make a choice between himandhisparents.Riyadhdecidedtosidewithhisparentswhereuponhewas rejectedbyhisbrother.ItseemsthatShoghiEffendi'sfamilyacceptedthissevere disciplinewithoutresistance,fortowhomcouldtheyappealfarredress? 4ShoghiEffendiusurpsthecustodianshipfromMirzaMuhammadAli Several quarrels, however, took place at the center of the Cause, one of which was over the custodianship of the shrine of Baha'u'llah in Akka. While Abdu'l Bahalived,heinaccordancewithMuslimlawaseldestsonhadtheresponsibility for his father's grave. When he died the custodianship should have gone accordingtolawtoBaha'u'llah'seldestsurvivingsonMirzaMuhammadAli.Not' long after his accession to the Guardianship, Shoghi Effendi ordered the caretakeroftheshrinetorefuseentrancetocertainpeople.Thenthekeyswere takenfromthecaretakerbysomeone,andhandedtothelegalcustodianMirza MuhammadAli,andneithertheAmericanBaha'iswhointervenednortheBritish High Commissioner were able to dispossess Mirza Muhammad Ali of his rights. Shoghi Effendi could not go to court over this, for the Will of his grandfather which appointed him Guardian had not been probated, Finally, Shoghi Effendi approachedtheBritishDistrictCommissioner,andhesenthisArabassistantwho wasonfriendlytermswithbothpartiestoarrangeasettlementoutofcourt.This wasdone,thekeyswereturnedovertoShoghiEffendi,andMuhammadAliand hispartisanswereallowedfreeaccesstothetombofBaha'u'llah,withoutletor hindrance.(12) 5TheDaughterofMirzaBadiullahdeniedentryintotheTomb Many years later in 1952 the daughter of Mirza Badi'u'llah, Mrs. Qamar Bahai, wenttoAkkaaccompaniedbyafriend,andattemptedtovisitthetombofher grandfather Baha'u'llah the caretaker employed by Shoghi Effendi was rude to them,anddeniedthementrancetotheshrine.WhereuponMrs.Bahaibrought an action in the Israeli District Court in Haifa against Shoghi Effendi, to show causewhyshewasdeniedaccesstothetombofhergrandfather.Sheappeared in court in person accompanied by her counsel. Shoghi Effendi did not appear, butwasrepresentedbyhiscounselandtwoAmericanBaha'is.ThePresidentof theCourt,inanefforttosettlethematteroutofcourt,tookMrs.Bahaiintohis office and asked her if she would meet Shoghi Effendi for an amicable settlement, and she agreed. But to the great surprise of the President of the
Court, the two American Baha'is rejected the proposal. Finally, the matter was referred to the Minister for Religious Affairs in the Israeli Government, who called in the parties separately, and worked out a settlement, whereby free accesstotheshrine,withoutletorhindrance,wasgrantedtoallmembersofthe familyofBaha'u'llah,andtothisbothpartiessubscribed.(13) 6ThehouseofMirzaMuhammadAliusurpedbyShoghiEffendi DuringthelifetimeofBaha'u'llah,Abdu'lBahaandhisfamilyhadresidedinthe townofAkka,whilehisbrothersandtheirfamilieshadlivedintheBahjiPalace several miles from Akka near their father. After the death of Baha'u'llah they continuedtolivethere,owningundividedsharesintheproperty,butwithoutthe income, which Abdu'lBaha received, they were unable to keep this large property in good repair. When Shoghi Effendi became the head of the Baha'i Cause, henaturally felt it was important for him to control all the sacred sites. He, therefore, proposed to Mirza Muhammad Ali that he and the others move out of the Palace to nearby buildings, that Shoghi might repair the Palace, and this was done. When they moved out they took with them the household equipmentthattheyhadbeenusing,andShoghiEffendireplacedthis.(14)Thus thePalacealsobecameaplaceofpilgrimageforBaha'is. 7ShoghiEffendiwasinterestedmoreinnovels Simpleeventsandincidentsaredistortedandmisrepresentedinthefurtherance ofprivateendsandpersonalambitions.Thecasestreatedinthesepages[ofGod PassesBy]areglaringexamplesofmisrepresentationsofhistoricalfacts.Itwas saidthat.ShoghiEfendiwhenastudentinBeirutwasveryfondofreading novels,andGodPassesByshouldbeconsideredanhistoricalnovelratherthan authentichistory. In reading this book one is disappointed to find that the guardian of a Cause which has professed allegiance to peace and 1ove and worldbrotherhood and absenceofanysortofprejudiceshouldhaveexpressedsuchbitternesstoward many of the members of his own family. He refers(15) to Baha'u'llah's second son Mirza Muhammad Ali as the Prime Mover of sedition, he speaks of the third and fourth sons as the vacillating Mirza Ziya'u'llah and the treacherous MirzaBadi'u'llah,(16)andhecallsthesonsinlawofBaha'u'llahinfamousand crafty. 8ShoghiEffendiexcommunicateshisbrotherinlaw(SayedAliNayyarAfnan)
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InhisMessagesalsotheGuardiansometimescondemnedwithgreatseverity thosewhodifferedwithhim.ThecablefromShoghiEfendiaddressedtothe Baha'isoftheUnitedStates,whichwasprintedinBaha'iNews,No.256,and datedApril15,1952,apartofwhichwillbequotedbelow,isasampleofhis style.InthisMessagetheGuardianannouncedthedeathinHaifaofSayyidAli NayyirAfnan,agrandsonofBaha'u'llah,andhusbandofShoghi'seldestsister Ruhangez.ItissaidthatSayyidAlihadacharmingpersonality,andassociated with,andbefriended,menofallwalksoflife.Heexpressedhimselfstronglyas beingopposedtotheGuardian'spolicyofrejectinganyonewhodidnotfully agreewithhim,andasresulthewashimselfexcommunicated(Azal'sNotes,p. 1107)The300wordcablebeginsthus:(17) God'sAvengingWrath Inform National Assemblies (that) God's avenging wrath....(has) now struck down....Sayyid Ali Nayer Afnan, pivot (of) Machinations, connecting link. (between) old (and) new Covenantbreakers. This alone (will) reveal extent (of) havoc wreaked (by) this virus (of) violation injected, fostered over two decades(in)AbdulBaha'sfamily....(who)wasrepeatedlydenouncedbyCenter (ofthe)Covenant(as)hischiefenemy......... FOOTNOTES: 1.Aqdas,pp.50,51. 2.Azal'sNotes,p.316. 3.Ibid.,pp.50,51. 4.WillandTestamentofAbdu'lBaha,Lancaster,Penna.,p.15. 5.Azal'sNotes,p.52. 6.Azal'sNotes,p.46 7.Baha'iWorld19561928,Vol.II,p.85. 8.Azal'sNotes,p.47. 9.Ibid.,pp.440442. 10.Ibid.,pp.53,98,340,441443,680.OnewellacquaintedwiththeSituation hasstatedthatthechiefcauseoftheseunhappyfamilyDivisionswerethelove ofmoney. 11.Ibid.,p.680. 12.Azalsnotes.,pp.91,92,GodPassesBy,p.356 13.Azal'sNotes,pp.92,93. 14.Azalsnotes.,pp.341,342,GodPassesBy,p.356. 15.GodPassesBy,p.247. 16.MirzaBadi'u'llahdiedinHaifaonNovember12,1950,aged82.
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FtimihBaraghnThirih
Thirih"ThePureOne"orQurratu'lÀyn"ComfortoftheEyes"arebothtitlesof FtimihBaraghn(b.18141820,d.1852),aninfluentialpoetandtheologianof the Bhayani (Bb) faith in Iran. As a prominent Bhayani (Bb) she is highly regarded by Bah's and Azalis, and often mentioned in Bah' literature as an example of courage in the struggle for women's rights. Her date of birth is uncertain,asbirthrecordsweredestroyedatherexecution.
DuringherjourneybacktoQazvin,shetaughttheBbFaithonstopsinKirand and Kermanshah, where she debated with the leading clergy of the town, Aqa Àbdu'llahiBihbihani.[4] Aqa Àbdu'llahiBihbihani, at this point, wrote to Thirih's father asking his relatives to remove her from Kermanshah. She then travelledtothesmalltownofSahnehandthentoHamedan,whereshemether brotherswhohadbeensenttoaskforherreturntoQazvin.Sheagreedtoreturn with her brothers after making a public statement in Hamedan regarding the Bb.[4] Upon returning to Qazvin she separated informally (Enc. of Islam says "divorced") from her husband, whose family was hostile to the Bb and his mission,aswellasherfourchildren. While she was in Qazvin, her uncle, Mulla Muhammad Taqi Baraghani, was murdered, and she was alleged for that;[4] Baraghani had been an inveterate enemy of Shaykh Ahmad alAhsa'i.[5] During Thirih's stay in Qazvin, Baraghani had embarked on a series of sermons in which he exposed the Bb and his followers. It was this event that led to her being taken to Tehran and placed thereunderhousearrest. ConferenceofBadasht After the Bb's arrest in 1848, Bah'u'llh made arrangements for Thirih to leaveTehranandattendaconferenceofBbleadersinBadasht.Sheisperhaps best remembered for appearing in public without her veil in the course of this conferencesignallingthattheIslamicSharialawwasabrogatedandsuperseded byBhyani(Bb)law.[5]ItwasattheBadashtconferencethatshewasgiventhe title Thirih (Bah' sources indicate by Bah'u'llh) which means "the Pure One".[1] Death AftertheconferenceofBadashtended,Thirihwascapturedandonceagainput underhousearrestinTehran.[4]TwoyearsaftertheexecutionoftheBb,three Bbs,attemptedtoassassinateNasseralDinShahashewasreturningfromthe chasetohispalaceatNiyvarfin.Theattemptfailed,butwasthecauseofafresh persecutionoftheBbs,andontheAugust31,1852somethirtyBbs,including Thirih,wereputtodeathinTehran.[5]Shewasinherearlytomid30'sandwas killedinthegardenofIlkhaniinTehran.Afterwardsherbodywasthrownintoa welllocatedinthegarden.[5]
BeforebecomingaBb ThedaughterofMullaMuhammadSalihBaraghani,amullah,Thirihgrewupin Qazvin(nearTehran),whereshemarriedhercousinMuhammadibnMuhammad Taqi at the age of thirteen. They had two sons and one daughter.[1] Having acquiredareligiouseducationfromherfather,shebeganacorrespondencewith leadersoftheShaykhimovementwhichflourishedintheShiàhshrinecitiesin Iraq.Ultimatelyshetravelledthereherself.[1] She is equally wellknown under an alternate religious title "Qurratu'lÀyn", given to her by the second Shaykhi leader, Sayyid Kzim of Rasht.[1] After his death in 1844, she, through correspondence, found and accepted Àli Muhammad of Shiraz (known as the Bb) as the Mahdi. She was the seventeenthdiscipleor"LetteroftheLiving"oftheBb(contradictionisfound thatshewasonthediscipleornot),andtheonlywomaninthatgroupandthus sheissometimesbeencomparedtoMaryMagdaleneinthataspect.[2]Shealso claimtobetherejatofHazratBibiFatimaZehra(DaughterofMuhammadpeace beuponhim).ThirihneverevermettheBb. AsaBhyani(Bb) WhileinKarbalainIraq,Thirihstartedteachinghernewfaith.Aftersomeofthe Shiàhclergycomplained,thegovernmentmovedhertoBaghdad.[3]asaresult ofwhichtheauthoritiesescortedThirihandanumberofotherBhyani(Bbs) outofBaghdadtothePersianborder.
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While the historical figure of Thirih is most wellknown among Baha'is, her influencehasextendedfarbeyondtheBaha'is,asattestedtobyPersianscholar AzarNafisionPBS'sNewsHouronOctober10,2003:"Thefirstwomantounveil and to question both political and religious orthodoxy was a woman named Tahirehwholivedinearly1800s...Andwecarrythistradition."[6] Anoteonsources With the exception of an entry in the Encyclopedia of Islam (under "Kurrat al 'Ayn"), Englishlanguage sources are almost exclusively Bah', or reliant on Bah' material. These consist of narrative accounts of her life (typically devotionalincharacter)and,inafewcases,translationsofpoetryselections. Notes 1. 2. 3. Abdu'lBah [1915] (1997). Memorials of the Faithful, Softcover, Wilmette,Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust. PeterMazal(20031021).SelectedTopicsofComparisoninChristianity andtheBah'Faith.bahailibrary.org. NabliZarand (1932). in Shoghi Effendi (Translator): The Dawn Breakers: Nabls Narrative, Hardcover, Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bah' PublishingTrust,pp278300. Balyuzi,Hasan(1973).TheBb:TheHeraldoftheDayofDays.Oxford, UK:GeorgeRonald,163171. SusanManeck(1994).ReligionandWomen.SUNYPress. ThirihmentionedonPBSNewsHourMentionofThirihasfounderof PersianfeminismbyrenownedscholarAzarNafiziinadiscussiononPBS aboutShirinEbadi,winneroftheNobelPeacePrizein2003.
4. 5. 6.
BhyaniandBahaiotherbooks DirectoryofThirih'sArabicandPersianwritingsathnet TranslationofThirih'spoetrytoEnglishbyMarthaRoot ThirihThirih'sbiographicalentryfromMemorialsoftheFaithfulby Àbdu'lBah
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INFORMATION Bayn
Bayn
TheArabicBaynisabookwrittenbytheBbaround1848.Itslargersisterbook is the Persian Bayn. The work is incomplete, containing only eleven Vahids. Each Vahid serves as a chapter and contains nineteen Abwab. The grammar is highly irregular and is difficult to read. The work was composed while the Bb wasimprisonedinMaku,Iran. ThePersianBaynisoneoftheprincipalscripturalwritingsoftheBb.Although he started it, it was left unfinished at his death. It is believed that it and its smallercousin,theArabicBayn,weretobecompletedbyanother(seebelow). UnitiesandChapters Bothbookswereenvisagedtohave19unities(Vhids)eachwith19chapters(so 361sections)asthenumber(denotingthenumericalvalueofallthings,i.e.kullu shay')hadspecialsignificancewithinthemovement. Unfinishedwork Both versions of the Bayn were incomplete. The Persian Bayn had 9 unities and10chapters,withtheArabicBaynhaving11unities.Therearetwomajor claimstothepositionwereputforward,howeverneitherpresentedacompleted book. SubhiAzal MirzaYahyaNuriSubhiAzalwasappointedbytheMirzaAliMuhammadBb as his successor and vicar in a series of testamentary appointments [1]. In the most notable of these testamentary documents, the Bb told Subhi Azal to completetheeightremainingUnitiesoftheArabicBayanontheprovisionthat "victorymanifestsinhisday"withthepermissionof"HewhomGodshallmake manifest",amessianicfigureintheBb'swritings.
SubhiAzal continued the work to the end of the Eleventh Unity in his Supplement to the Persian Bayan (mutamimibayan), which builds it up to elevenunitiesintotaltomatchtheArabicBayn[2]. Bah'u'llh Bah's,ledbyBah'u'llh,claimthatthiswasleftonlyto"Hewhom Godshall make manifest" a messianic figure in the Bhayani (Bb) religion which Bah'u'llhclaimed to be. Bah's state that Bah'u'llh's book, the Kitbiqn wasthecompletion[3]. References TheBb(1976).SelectionsfromtheWritingsoftheBb.Wilmette,Illinois, USA:Bah'PublishingTrust. 2. Edward Granville Browne (1987). Selections from the Writings of E.G. Browne on the Bb and Bah' Religions, ed. M. Momen. Oxford, UK: GeorgeRonald. 3. PeterSmith(1999).AConciseEncyclopediaoftheBah'Faith.Oxford,UK 1.
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Months
CalenderBahaiCalender
INFORMATION
TheBah'calendar,alsocalledtheBadcalendar,usedbytheBah'Faith,isa solarcalendarwithregularyearsof365days,andleapyearsof366days.Years arecomposedof19monthsof19dayseach,(361days)plusanextraperiodof "IntercalaryDays"(4inregularand5inleapyears).Yearsinthecalendarbeginat the vernal equinox, and are counted with the date notation of BE (Bah' Era), with21March,1844ADbeingthefirstdayofthefirstyear.[1]Theperiodfrom21 March,2007to20March,2008istheyear164BE. History The Bah' calendar started from the original Bad calendar, created by the Bb.[2] Bah'u'llh confirmed and adopted this calendar and made NawRz or the vernal equinox the first day of the year, and also clarified the intercalary days.[2][3] Although the vernal equinox can occur on March 20, 21 or 22, Shoghi Effendi declaredthat,forthetimebeing,theBadcalendaris'locked'totheGregorian calendar with the new year always starting at sunset on 20 March.[4] Without this,thecalendarcouldvarybyadayortwowhencomparedtotheGregorian calendar. The implementation of the variable calendar with respect to the beginning of NawRz will require the Universal House of Justice selecting a singlelocationforthefixingofthedateoftheequinox.[3]This'locked'calendaris theonedescribedinthisarticle. Years in the Bah' calendar are counted from Thursday, 21 March 1844, the beginningoftheBah'EraorBadEra(abbreviatedBEorB.E.).[1]Year1BEthus beganatsundown20March1844.UsingtheBah'namesfortheweekdayand month,dayoneoftheBah'ErawasIstijll(Majesty),1Bah(Splendour)1BE. Asdetailedbelow,thenamesoftheBah'monthsanddaysreflectattributesof God.[5]
The Bah' calendar is composed of 19 months, each with 19 days.[6] The NineteenDayFastisheldduringthefinalmonthofAl(2March20March), and is preceded by the intercalary days, known as AyymiH. There are 4 IntercalaryDaysinaregularyear,and5inaleapyear.[6]Themonthoffastingis followed by NawRz, the new year. Because the calendar is currently synchronized with the Gregorian calendar, the Bah' leap years happen on commoneraleapyears.Inaddition,theIntercalaryDaysinclude28Februaryand 1 March, causing precise synchronization of the 19 months with the Gregorian Calendar. ArabicName[6] Bah Jall Jaml Aamat Nr Ramat Kalimt Kaml Asm Izzat EnglishTranslation[6] Splendour Glory Beauty Grandeur Light Mercy Words Perfection Names Might GregorianDates[6] 21March 8April 9April 27April 28April 16May 17May4June 5June 23June 24June12July 13July 31July 1August 19August 20August 7September 8September 26September
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Mashyyat Ilm Qudrat Qawl Masil Sharaf Suln Mulk AyymiH Al Will Knowledge Power Speech Questions Honour Sovereignty Dominion TheDaysofH Loftiness
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27September 15October 16October 3November 4November 22November 23November 11December 12December 30December 31December 18January 19January6February 7February 25February 26February 1March
April29 May2 May23 May29 July9
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
INFORMATION
NinthdayofRivn TwelfthdayofRivn DeclarationoftheBb AscensionofBah'u'llh MartyrdomoftheBb BirthoftheBb BirthofBah'u'llh DayoftheCovenant AscensionofÀbdu'lBah
October20 November12 November26 November28
2March 20March(Monthoffasting) Weekdays TheBah'weekstartsonSaturday,andendsonFriday.[9]Daysbeginatsunset ontheprevioussolardayandendatsunsetofthepresentsolarday.LikeIslm, FridayisalsothedayofrestintheBah'Faith.[10] ArabicName[9] Jall Jaml EnglishTranslation[9] Glory Beauty Perfection Grace DayoftheWeek[9] Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday
HolyDays There are eleven holy days in the Bah' calendar on nine of which work is suspended.[7] The Festival of Ridvn, a twelve day festival that commemorates Bah'u'llh'sannouncementofprophethood,isthemostholyBah'festivaland isreferredtoasthe"MostGreatFestival."[8] Name[7] NawRz(Bah'NewYear) GregorianDates[7] WorkSuspended[7] March21 Yes
Kaml FirstdayofRivn(Arabic:)April21 Yes Fil
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Idl Istijll Istiqll Justice Majesty Independence Wednesday Thursday Friday
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(BahaiFaith)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Notes Bahhj Javb Aad Vahhb Vidd Bad Bah Abh Vid
Delightful Answer Single Bountiful Affection Beginning Luminous
INFORMATION
VidandKulliShay AlsoexistingintheBah'calendarsystemisa19yearcyclecalledVidanda 361year (19x19) supercycle called KulliShay (literally, "All Things").[9] Each of the19yearsinaVahidhasbeengivenanameasshowninthetablebelow.[9]The 9thVidofthe1stKulliShaystartedon21March1996,andthe10thVid will begin in2015.[11] The current Bah' year, year 164BE, isyear Javb of the 9thVidofthe1stKulliShay.[11]The2ndKulliShaywillbeginin2205.[11] Theconceptofa19yearcyclehasexistedinsomeformsincethe4thcenturyBC. TheMetoniccyclerepresentsaninventedmeasurethatapproximatelycorrelates solarandlunarmarkingsoftimeandwhichappearsinseveralcalendarsystems. YearsinaVid No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ArabicName Alif B Ab Dl Bb Vv Abad Jd Bah' ubb EnglishTranslation A B Father D Gate V Eternity Generosity Splendour Love
MostLuminous Unity
LarryCurtis.ADayintheBah'Calendar.bcca.org. John Taylor. On Novelty in AyymiH and the Bad Calendar. bahai library.org. 3. UniversalHouseofJustice(1992).NotesoftheKitbiAqdas.Wilmette, Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust,pp.178179. 4. ShoghiEffendi(1973).DirectivesfromtheGuardian.India/Hawaii:Bah' publishingtrust,pp.30. 5. NationalSpiritual Assemblyof the UnitedStates . TheBah' Calendar. bahai.us. 6. Esslemont,J.E.(1980).Bah'u'llhandtheNewEra,5thed.,Wilmette, Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust,pp.178179. 7. National Spiritual Assembly of the United States. The Badi Calendar. bahai.us. 8. JohnWalbridge.Ridvan. 9. Effendi,Shoghi(1950).Bah'Faith,The:18441950.Wilmette,IL:Bah' PublishingCommittee. 10. Effendi,Shoghi;TheUniversalHouseofJustice(1983).inHornby,Helen (Ed.):LightsofGuidance:ABah'ReferenceFile.Bah'PublishingTrust, NewDelhi,India,pp.109 11. ArjenBolhuis.ThefirstKulliShay'oftheBah'Era.
1. 2.
Chapter76:Page3of3
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION JohnEsslemont
JohnEsslemont
Esslemont was proficient in French, German, and Spanish, and was an Esperantist[2][6] and later learned Persian and Arabic well enough to assist in translation.[2] In 1916 he began work on a book which became Bah'u'llh and the New Era which became perhaps the foremost introductory volume on the Baha'i faith which eventually was published, and revised and reprinted and translated into dozens of languages.[2] The Head of the religion of this period, Àbdu'lBah, reviewed parts of it and specifically encouraged Esslemont.[2] Following the passing of Àbdu'lBah, the new Head of the religion, Shoghi Effendi, vacationed in Esslemont's familiar area of Bournemouth, and later EsslemonttookpermanentresidenceinPalestinetoassistEffendiwhothenalso helpedfurtherrefineEsslemont'sbook.[2] EsslemontisburiedintheBah'CemetaryinHaifaalongwithseveralotherwell knownBaha'is.[7][8] There is a named afterEsslemont, The John EsslemontSchool, in theGrampian region of North East Scotland since 1987.[9] There is also a John Esslemont Memorial Lecture held annually in June in Aberdeen, where speakers from medicalbackgroundspresentresearchtofellowpeers.[10] Publications Esslemont,J.E.(1980).Bah'u'llhandtheNewEra,5thed.,Wilmette, Illinois,USA:Bah'PublishingTrust.ISBN0877431604. Esselmont's Baha'u'llah and the New Era was originally published in 1923 andhasbeentranslated into numerous languages and remains a key introduction to the Bah' religion. More then sixty years later, it remainsinthetoptenofcitedBaha'ibooks.[11] Esslemontperformedthefirstreviewoftheworldwideprogressofthe Bah' religion in 1919. While unpublished it was identified and reviewed by recent scholars and was intended to be a chapter in Baha'u'llahandtheNewEra.[12]
John Ebenezer Esslemont M.B., Ch.B. (18741925), was a prominent British Bah'fromScotland.Hewastheauthorofthewellknownintroductorybookon theBah'Faith,Bah'u'llhandtheNewEra,whichisstillincirculation.Hewas namedposthumouslybyShoghiEffendiasthefirstoftheHandoftheCausehe appointed[1], and as one of the Disciples of Àbdu'lBah. He was also an accomplished medical Doctor and linguist becoming proficient in western and easternlanguages. Background JohnEsslemontwasborninAberdeenon19May1874,thethirdsonandfourth child of John E. Esslemont (18591927), a successful merchant, and Margaret Esslemont(neDavidson).[2]Hecamefromaneminentfamilyandwaseducated at Ferryhill School, Robert Gordon's College, and the University of Aberdeen.[2] JohnE.Esslemontisrelatedto19thCenturyLiberalMemberofParliamentPeter EsslemontJohn'sGreatGrandfather[3]isPeter'sGrandfather.[4]Hegraduatedin medicine in 1898 with honorable distinction. Unfortunately, Esslemont had contractedtuberculosisduringhiscollegedaysandthiscausedhimtogiveuphis promising career in medical research. He traveled internationally and married JeanFrasertowhomhewasdrawnbytheirmutualinterestinmusic.Onreturn to Scotland Esslemont took the position of medical superintendent[1] of Home Sanitorium for tuberculosis in Bournemouth.[2] Esslemont became a Baha'i in early1915afterhearingofitinDecember1914fromacoworker'swife.[2]News of Esslemont's declaration of faith, and his forthcoming book, played a role in establishingthebeginningoftheAustralianBaha'icommunity.[5]
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Notes
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION JohnEsslemont
EarlyBritishBah'History(18981930) Esslemont, John (18741925) by Moojan Momen, London: Bah' PublishingTrust,1975.Baha'iWorld1:1336. 3. JohnEsslemont'sPedigree 4. PeterEsslemont'sPedigree 5. WilliamMiller(b.Glasgow1875)andAnnieMiller(b.Aberdeen1877) The First Believers in Western Australia The Scottish Bah' No.33 Autumn,2003 6. Making World Peace Real: The Principle of an Universal Auxiliary LanguagebyPaulJDesailly,p.18 7. OtherSitesinHaifa 8. U.K.BahHeritagePictureDisplaySeven 9. The John Esslemont School Transforms Itself Journal of the Bah' Community of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Volume19,No.7January,2003 10. John Esslemont Memorial Lecture The Scottish Bah, No.39 Spring, 2005 11. Bah'scholarship:anexaminationusingcitationanalysisbySeenaFazel andJohnDanes,Table4:MostcitedBah'books,19881993. 12. Esslemont'sSurveyoftheBaha'iWorld19191920byMoojanMoomen p.63,Bah'sintheWestEd.byPeterSmith,publishedbyKalimatPress, 2004.
1. 2.
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MrzÀlMuhammadVarq
INFORMATION
MrzÀlMuhammadVarq
Varq is well known as the father of Rhu'llh. The two of them were the first among a large group to be martyred in 1896 by Persian authorities for being Bah's.ThisstoryissummarizedfromBalyuzi'sbook. The executioner, Hajibu'd Dawlih, was particularly enraged with his prisoners, andbroughtoutVarqandRhu'llhintoaninnerroom.Varq'scalmreplyto questioning further maddened his captors. The executioner plunged a dagger into the chest of Varq saying 'How are you?' to which Varq repllied 'Feeling betterthanyou'.Hajibu'dDawlihthenaskedhimwhichshoulddiefirst,himor hissonRhu'llh,towhichVarqreplied'Itisthesametome.' Hajibu'd Dawlih and four others then began to tear Varq apart in front of his son. He made an offer to Rhu'llh that he could be adopted, offered an allowance,givenapostinthegovernment,butRhu'llhaskedtojoinhisfather instead. Hajibu'd Dawlih then strangled him with a bastinado. After his dead bodyfelltotheground,Rhu'llh'sbodyraisedandthenfelltothegroundagain, a yardaway. The experience scared Hajibu'd Dawlih somuchthat heran away screaming. Family ThesonofVarq,Valyu'llhVarq,laterwasappointedaHandoftheCauseby ShoghiEffendiin1951.Whenthelatterdiedin1955,thegrandsonofVarq,Àl MuhammadVarqwasappointedinhisplace.
Varq, born Mrz ÀlMuhammad (d. 1896), was an eminent follower of Bah'u'llh, the founder of the Bah' Faith, a global religion of Persian origin. Varq was referred to by Àbdu'lBah as a Hand of the Cause of God, and identifiedasoneofthenineteenApostlesofBah'u'llh. Bah'u'llh wrote a tablet addressed to Varq, praising the high station of the KingandBelovedofMartyrs.
Execution
Rhu'llh,sonofVarq
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INFORMATION
whileinthevillageorRubatKarim,overheardaconversationabouttheBband was immediately interested. Later when he was more fully informed of the religionoftheBbthroughSiyyidHusayniZavari'iandbecameabelieverinthe newmovement.HetriedtojointheBbsatShaykhTabarsibutthesiegebegan beforehecouldgetthere.HetookupresidenceinTehraninthesamemadrisih asthetranscriberoftheBb'swritings;therehealsometmanyBbswholived inorweretravellingthroughthetown,includingBah'u'llh.[2] In1852therewasanattemptonthelifeoftheShah,whichwasfollowedbythe persecutionoftheBbcommunity.Duringthistime,Nablputforwardaclaim to leadership of the Bb community stating that he had received divine inspiration.Later,whenhevisitedBaghdadandinsteadrecognizedBah'u'llh's claim,hewithdrewhisown.[2] Travels
Mull MuammadiZarand (18311892), more commonly known as Nabli Aàm(Persian:"theGreatNabl"[1])orNabliZarand(Persian: " Nabl of Zarand"), was an eminent Bah' historian during the time of Bah'u'llh,andoneofthenineteenApostlesofBah'u'llh.Heismostfamous forauthoringTheDawnbreakers,whichstandsoutasoneofthemostimportant andextensiveaccountsoftheministryoftheBb. HelearnedabouttheBbFaithattheageof16andmetBah'u'llhin1851.He madeseveraljourneysonbehalfofBah'u'llh,wasimprisonedinEgyptandis the only person known to have made the two pilgrimages to the House of the Bb in Shrz and the House of Bah'u'llh in Baghdd in accordance with the ritessetoutbyBah'u'llh.AfterthepassingofBah'u'llh,andattherequestof Àbdu'lBah,hearrangedaTabletofVisitationfromBah'u'llh'swritingswhich is now used in the Holy Shrines. Shortly afterwards, overcome with grief, he walkedintotheseaanddrowned. Background NablwasborninZarand,Iranon29July1831.Hewasashepherdbutstroveto overcomehismeagreeducation.HewouldoftengowithhisfathertoQomand listentoreligiousdiscourses,andhelearnedtoreadtheQur'an.In1847,Nabl,
From Baghdad and Adrianople, Bah'u'llhsent Nabl onnumerous journeys to the Bbs of Iran. During 1867/8 his major task was to inform the Bbs of Bah'u'llh'sclaimtobeHewhomGodshallmakemanifest.Ononejourney,he performed the pilgrimage to the house of the Bb in Shiraz and the house of Bah'u'llhinBaghdad,makinghimthefirsttoperformthepilgrimageaccording toBah'u'llh'slaws.[2] In1868NablwassentbyBah'u'llhtoEgyptwherehewasimprisoned.When he was freed, Nabl journeyed to Àkk, but after being recognized by the followersofAzalwhohadstationedthemselvesnearthegateofthecity,hewas removed from the city. He travelled around the area including living on Mount CarmelandinNazarethuntilhewasabletoenterÀkk.[2]Onhissecondattempt toentertheprisoncityhewasabletostay81days,meetingMrzqJnand thenBah'u'llh. After which, he was sent by Bah'u'llh again to Iran to confirm the belief of many of the Bah's.[2] In 1888 he began writing The Dawnbreakers with the personalassistanceofMrzMs,thebrotherofBah'u'llh.Itwasfinishedin about a year and a half, and parts of the manuscript were reviewed and approved,somebyBah'u'llh,andothersbyÀbdu'lBah.
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Death
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION
AfterhisreturnfromIran,helivedinÀkkuntilBah'u'llh'sdeathin1892.He was overwhelmed with Bah'u'llh'sdeath drowned himself in the sea: and his deadbodywasfoundwashedashorenearthecityofÀkk. BesideswritingalengthyhistoryoftheBah'Faith,hewrotepoetryaboutthe historicaleventsofthereligion,whichhewouldsendtotheBah'sofIran.[2]His poetry,however,hasnotbeenpublished.AtabletbyBah'u'llhaddresseshim byname,describinghimas"numberedwithMyfavouredoneswhosenamesthe FingerofGodhathinscribed." Notes 1. The surname is Persian pronunciation of anNabl alAam, meaning "Nabl the Great" or "Nabl the Greatest" (see elative for details on translation.)ThegiventranslationisfromMemorialsoftheFaithful. H.M. Balyuzi (1985). Eminent Bah's in the time of Bah'u'llh. The CamelotPressLtd,Southampton,pp.268270.
2.
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MarthaLouiseRoot
INFORMATION
MarthaLouiseRoot
ChronicleTelegraphasthesocietyeditor,andtheninthefallsheworkedforthe PittsburghDispatch.Shethenstartingwritingaboutautomobiles,whichtookher toFranceandthenbacktoPittsburgh. IntroductiontotheBah'Faith In1909shemetRoyC.WilhemwhointroducedhertotheBah'Faithbygiving her some literature. While researching the religion for several months she met severalmembersoftheBah'community,includingThorntonChaseandArthur Agnew in Chicago, and she, later in that year, declared her faith in the Bah' teachings.Duringthistime,shekeptonwritingandin1909shewroteadetailed articleforthePittsburghPostaboutthehistoryandteachingsoftheBah'Faith. She also participated in the first annual Bah' convention, which took place in Chicagoin1911. VisitofÀbdu'lBahtotheUnitedStates During1911and1912,Àbdu'lBah,thesonofthefounderoftheBah'Faith, visited the United States and Canada. Martha Root attended many of Àbdu'l Bah's talks, and arranged his talk in Pittsburgh. During this time Martha Root developedbreastcancer,butitwentintoremissionformanyyears. Worldtravelandteaching After meeting with Àbdu'lBah, Martha Root began a world trip where she would spread the teachings of the Bah' Faith. She left the United States on January30,1915,andaftervisitingsomecountriesinEurope,shewantedtovisit Palestine to visit the Bah' holy places, but she could not go due to the First WorldWar.Soinstead,shetravelledtoEgypt,andstayedthereforsixmonths. During that time she wrote newspaper articles. She then travelled to Bombay, Rangoon, Japan, and Hawaii. She arrived back in the continental United States whenshereachedSanFranciscoonAugust29,1915. AfterstayingintheUnitedStatesforfiveyears,shethentravelledtoCanadain 1920, visiting Saint John, Montreal, London and Saint Thomas where she arrangedteachingprograms.ShethentravelledtoMexicoandthenGuatemala where she was going to meet with the president, but due to a political
Martha Louise Root (August 19, 1872 September 28, 1939) was a prominent traveling teacher of the Bah' Faith in the late 19th and early 20th century. ShoghiEffendi,theGuardianoftheBah'Faithcalledher"theforemosttravel teacher in the first Bah' Century", and named her a Hand of the Cause posthumously. Known by her numerous visits with Heads of State and other public figures. Of special importance was her efforts with Queen Marie of Romania,consideredthefirstMonarchtoacceptBah'u'llh. Earlylife Martha Root was born on August 19, 1872 to Timothy and Nancy Root in Richwood,Ohio.Shehadtwoolderbrothers,ClarenceandClaude.Shortlyafter her birth, the family moved to Cambridgeboro, Pennsylvania, where her father ran a dairy farm. Martha, known as Mattie, was not a typical girl, since her interestlayinbooksratherthantheusualdomesticpursuits,andwhenshewas 14sheearnedenoughmoneyfromwritingtopayforatriptoNiagaraFalls.She distinguishedherselfinhighschoolandcollege,attendingOberlinCollege,where shedesignedherownprogram;shethencontinuedtotheUniversityofChicago andearnedherdegree1895. Writingcareer Whileshestartedteachingafterherdegree,shegavethatuptostartwritingfor different newspapers. In the summer of 1900 she worked at the Pittsburgh
Chapter80:Page1of2
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
Publications
MarthaLouiseRoot
INFORMATION
revolution,themeetingneverhappened.By1921,herbreastcancerhadspread andshewasinfrequentpain;herfather'shealthwasalsofailing,andthusher travelsbecomemorelimited. Middleyears Afterherfather'sdeathonNovember3,1922,Marthastartedhertravelsonce againattheageof50.ShetravelledtomanypartsoftheUnitedStates,Canada, JapanandChinatospreadtheteachingsofBah'u'llh,andtheBah'Faith.She thentravelledtoAustralia,NewZealand,Tasmania,andHongKong,andhelped Bah' pioneers to teach about the Bah' Faith. She then travelled to South Africa, and went on several radio broadcasts. She also studied Esperanto, and metLidiaZamenhof,thedaughterofLudwigZamenhof,thecreatorofEsperanto, whowouldlaterbecomeaBah'. MeetingwithQueenMarieofRomania In 1923 she arrived in Bucharest and sent the Queen a copy of the book Bah'u'llh and the New Era. Two days after the Queen received the book she grantedMarthaRootanaudienceinthepalace.TheQueenthenembracedthe Bah'Faith,becomingthefirstmonarchtodoso. VisittotheHolyLand In1925MarthaRoottravelledtotheBah'holyland,andmetBahyyihKhnum and Shoghi Effendi. She then travelled to the British Isles, Germany, Greece, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, once again teaching the Bah' Faith. She then travelled to Iran, even though Shoghi Effendi recommended not doing so. She hopedtomeetwiththeShh,RezaKhanPahlavi,butdidnotdoso. Lateryears In 1930 she wanted to meet with Emperor Hirohito of Japan, but US officials blockedheraccess.InsteadshesenttheEmperorsomeBah'booksandsome othergifts.Shecontinuedtoteach,evenwhileshewasinillhealthtravellingin 1937toHawaii,ChinaandIndia.ShereturnedtoHawaiiin1938whereshedied onSeptember28,1939.
Root,Martha(1981).ThirihthePure.LosAngeles,USA:KalimtPress.
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EM
ChronologyofpersecutionsofBabisandBaha'is =Balyuzi,EminentBaha'isintheTimeofBaha'u'llah
MichaelFischer,"SocialChangeandtheMirrorsofTradition:The
INFORMATION
ChronologyofpersecutionsofBabisand Baha'is
Introduction: This chronology was compiled from a number of Englishlanguage histories of Babi and Baha'i history. Its purpose was to set in context the events of persecutionandmartyrdom,bothtotrackchronologicalorderandtoshowthe broader historical or social context of each event. I prepared it as background work for my master's thesis Dying for God: Martyrdom in the Babi and Baha'i Religions,onlineathttp://bahailibrary.org/theses/dying. Iwouldalsorecommendtwootherresourcesforchronologicalstudy.Thefirstis the exhaustive chronology of Babi and Baha'i History by Glenn Cameron and Wendi Momen, A Basic Baha'i Chronology (Oxford: George Ronald, 1996). The secondisMoojanMomen'sdetailed"AChronologyofsomeofthePersecutions oftheBabisandBaha'isinIran,18441978,"publishedinTheBaha'iWorld1979 1983,vol.XII,pages380392.J.W. KeytoSources: Amanat TheBab Bayat Brown Browne
Fischer
=Bah'sofYazd,"
inTheBaha'iFaithandIslam
Furutan HMHA
=AliAkbarFurutan,TheStoryofMyHeart =HjMrzHaydar'Al,StoriesFromtheDelightofHearts
Huddleston =JohnHuddleston,TheEarthisButOneCountry King Ma'ani
=H.M.Balyuzi,Baha'u'llah:KingofGlory =
BahariehMa'ani,"InterdependenceofBaha'iCommunities...," JBS4:1
=AbbasAmanat,ResurrectionandRenewal =H.M.Balyuzi,TheBab =MangolBayat,MysticismandDissent =RamonaBrown,MemoriesofAbdu'lBaha =E.G.Browne,MaterialsfortheStudyofTheBabiReligion

JosephBurgel,"TheBaha'iAttitudetowardsPeaceandits
HeshmatMoayyad,"TheHistoricalInterrelationshipofIslamand Moayyad =theBaha'iFaith," inTheBaha'iFaithandIslam Momen Nabil Nash Olya Qazvin
=MoojanMomen,TheBabiandBahaiReligionsWesternAccounts =Nabil,TheDawnbreakers =GeoffreyNash,Iran'sSecretPogrom =OlyaRoohizedegan,Olya'sStory =

Qazvin'shistoryinE.G.Browne'sMaterialsfortheStudyofThe BabiReligion
Burgel
=ChristianandIslamicBackground,"
inTheBaha'iFaithandIslam
Chapter81:Page1of9
Rabbani Root Salmani SBBR
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) =RuhiyyihRabbani,PricelessPearl =MarthaRoot,TahirihthePure
18051813 RussoPersianwars MassacreofRussianlegation TheBableavesforpilgrimage Chronology:
ChronologyofpersecutionsofBabisandBaha'is
INFORMATION
Date
Description
Sources
Amanat45 Amanat27 Smith13
=UstadSalmani,MyMemoriesofBaha'u'llah
1829
=StudiesinTheBabiandBaha'iReligionsseriesvol.x
1839/40 1840 1840/41
AnnemarieSchimmel,"IqbalandtheBaha'iFaith," Schimmel = inTheBaha'iFaithandIslam SE Sears Shii Smith Stories SWEGB Thrzdh Waite
TheBab'sstayinBushihr,Najaf,andKerbela Bayat88 TheBabreturnstoShiraz TheBabinNajafandKarbila,afterhaving beeninBushihr MassacreofShaykhisatKarbala Smith14
=ShoghiEffendi,GodPassesBy =WilliamSears,CryfromtheHeart =MoojanMomen,IntroductiontoShi'iIslam =PeterSmith,TheBabiandBaha'iReligions =AliAkbarFurutan,StoriesofBaha'u'llah
1841
SBBR15
1842.11
Amanat60,68,220, TheBab193ff. Momen xxviii
1843.12.31 DeathofSiyyidKazimRashti
=E.G.Browne,SelectionsfromtheWritingsofE.G.Browne =AdibTaherzadeh,RevelationofBaha'u'llah,vol.x =GaryWaite,"TheReligiousState...,"JBS7:1

1844.05.23 DeclarationofTheBab MullaHusaynarrivesatKarbila.Thenonto 1844.01.22 Najaf,thenBushihr,thenShiraz,wherehe metTheBabon1844.5.22
Walbridge =JohnWalbridge,SacredActsSacredSpaceSacredTime WM
=WendiMomen,ABasicBaha'iDictionary
1844.06?
MullaHusayngoestoIsfahan,thenKashan, thenQum,thenTehran,thenKhurasan
Chapter81:Page2of9
TheBab,Quddus,andaservantleavefrom Shirazonhajj(BayatsaysuncleBayat91). Momensays1844.11.12(Momenxxviii). TheyleavefromBushihr1800.10 Arrest,trial,anddeathofMullaAliBastami. HajiAbdulMajidbeatMullaAlirepeatedly. Thiswasthefirstafflictionthatbefella discipleofTheBabafterHisdeclaration.He laterdied,thefirstTheBabimartyr. WMomengivesdateasendof1846.Amanat gives1844.10,asdoesHuddleston.SEjust saysitwasbefore1845.02.Waitesaysitwas 1845.06whenTheBabheardthenewsand returnedtoIran.Momen,xviii,gives 1845.01.13. TheBabarrivesatMecca
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
Amanat2547, Huddleston145, Smith16,TheBab 105
INFORMATION
1844.09
SBBR23
1845.07
TheBabbroughtunderguardtoShiraz, released,rearrestedinShirazin1845.09
1845.07? Nabil613, WMomen15, Amanat220237, 254,Huddleston 147,Waite83,The Bab5868
TheBabarrivesatBushihr(Nabilsays"9 mos.afterleavingsamecityonhajj").Sends QuddustoShiraz QuddusandMullaSadiqbeatenand persecutedseverely.FirstBabispersecuted onPersiansoilforthesakeoftheirfaith. TheBabarrivesatMedina(1Muharram 1261) TheBableavesShirazforIsfahan,arrives 1846.9/10.Staysinhomeofgovernorof Isfahan.Momen,xxviii,gives1846.07.23
1844.10 (1845?)
1845.07?
Nabil103,131, Thrzdh32537
1845.10.01
SE13,Smith16,21, Waite84,TheBab 105
1844.12
Nabil?,Bayat91
1846.09
1845 1845.02
AjointfatwacondemningTheBab'swritings Shii141 askufrisissued. TheBabarrivesinMedina TheBableavesJidda,arrivesBushihr 1845.05.15 Waite83 184748
1845.03.04
SBBR23 1847.02
WithTheBabinprison,Babisgotmore militant.Folkskilledandtortured."Qazvin Nabil2013,Amanat massacre."Baha'u'llahhasTahiritakento 350,Smith213 Tehrantoprotecther.Baha'u'llahandTahiri gotoMashhad ManuchirKhandies, TheBaborderedto Tehran
1845.05.15 TheBabreturnstoShirazfrompilgrimage 1845.06
Momenxxviii
Huddleston146
DisciplesofTheBabpunishedatShiraz.The Momenxxviii Babisarrested,takentoShiraz
1847.03.19 TheBabarrivesatKashanfromIsfahan(?)
Smith21
Chapter81:Page3of9
TheBabdeliveredintohandsofgovt.,taken toQumandTabriz 1847.03.21
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
1848.07 SkirmishatNiyalakillssome
Amanat328,Nabil 2158 Amanat391,Smith 201 Waite,83,givesdate as1848.10
INFORMATION
1848.0708 TheBabbroughttoTabriz,tried,andthen bastinadoed MullaHusayncarriestheBlackFlagfrom MashhadtoTabarsi
TheBabarrivesatKinarGird,nearKulayn, 1847.03.28 nearTehran.Nextday,1847.3.29,setsupa tentnearKulayn,wherehestaysafortnight 1847.04.11 TheBableaveshistentatKulaynforTabriz 1847.07 TheBabarrivesatMahKu,rejectsofferof rescue Waite83
1848.07.21
Waite84
MullaHusayn'spartygetsinfightnear 1848.0910 Barfurush,whichleadsuptothesiegeof Tabarsi,Mazandaran deathofMuhammadShah,ascensionof Nasiri'dDinShah
Nabil23849,Bayat 118121
MullaAbdullaharrivesinQazvintovisitThe BabandheardrumorsthatMullaTaqi pronouncedTheBabaheretic.Sohekilled MullaTaqi,inretaliationforwhichmany 1847.0809 Babisaretorturedandkilled.FirstBabisto havebloodshedonPersiansoil.Huddleston 147gives1848asdateoffirstPersiandeath. Tahiriescapes. 1848.03.29 MullaHusaynleavesMahKufor Mazindaran,stayswithQuddus
Amanat3224,350 1,Nabil196200, Waite86,TheBab 166,Root749
1848.09.04
Smith26
1848.10.10
TheBabisfirstattackedatBarfurush.Firstof Nabil276 MullaHusayn'sengagements
SE19,TheBab132, Momenxviii.
1848.04.10 TheBableavesMahKuforChihriq
1848.04.?
MullaHusayngoestoMashhad,where Quddussoonjoinshim
Momenxxviii.
1848.0607 Badasht
TheBabisarriveatTabarsi,construct fortress,1848.12.01:Quddusleadsattack fromTabarsi,vanquishesmostofenemy army.NoBabiskilled,onlyonewounded. 2ndofMullaHusayn'sengagements. 1848.12.21:Engagementwithforcesof 1848.10.12 MihdiQuliMirza.Quddusinjured.3rdof MullaHusayn'sengagements.1849.02.01:A wellinsideTabarsiwasfinished.Mulla Husaynsaysnowisthetimetoprepareto die.1849.02.02:MullaHusaynkilledshortly aftermidnight.4thofhisengagaments.90 otherswoundedthatnight;mostdied.
Nabil249302,Smith 267,WMomen217, Shii141,Smith267, SWEGB4156, Momen917
Chapter81:Page4of9
1849.045:BlackStandardceasestofly. 1849.05.09:Tabarsiends Baha'u'llaharrestedonthewaytoTabarsi andbastinadoed
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
114127
INFORMATION
1848.12?
Nabil26570
Nabil35367,Bayat VahidarrivesatNayriz.Sometakeshelterin 1850.05.27 1215,Amanat397, thefortofKhajih,fightover1,000govt. 06.21 Smith28,Momen troops. 109113 1850.06.19 TheBabarrivesinTabriz 1850.06.29 Vahidkilled Momenxxix Nabil367 Bayat126,Amanat, Nabil,TheBab202 3,SWEGB420, Momen7782
1849.05.16 Qudduskilled
Nabil295301,Bayat 121 Bayat121,Shii141, TheBab17188 TheBab2045, Momen10609 Nabil326341,Bayat 124,WMomen225, Amanat397,Smith 28,TheBab2068, Momenxviii,100 105
1850
uprisingsinZanjan,Yazd,Nayriz,andan abortedoneinTehran
1850.01/02 UprisinginYazd
1850.07.09 MartyrdomofTheBab
TheBabisincarceratedinTehran, persecuted,andtorturedafterassassination 1850.02.14 plotuncovered.Sevenbecamethe"7 50.03.15 MartyrsofTehran."SmithandMomengive dateas1850.02.19/20
1851.06
Baha'u'llahleavescapitalforKarbila,arrives Nabil430,436 1851.08
1850.05.10
SkirmishbetweenVahid'sforcesandtheir enemyatYazd
Nabil349,Fischer28
Zanjanuprising.Firstmartyrfromthis upheavalkilled05.16.Hujjatdiesfromhis 1850.05.13 woundedarm(WendiMomensays1850.05) Zanjansuppressed1851.01.08.
Nabil393,420, WMomen111,245 (diff.date),Amanat 397,405,Smith28, Bayat1235,The Bab20913,Momen
Huddleston153, King869,Nabil459, Amanat3667,405, TN33031,Momen AttemptonlifeofShah.Extensivereprisals 12846,Browne265 1852.08.15 followed,includingSulaymanKhan'sfamous 271,SWEGB4223, martyrdomandTahirih's. Momen9,12846, 245,Fischer28,46, Thrzdh22751,Root 96109 1853.01.12 Baha'u'llahleavesforBaghdad.Arrives Nabil474
Chapter81:Page5of9
1853.04.08
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
1868.07 Smith29,EM256, Momenxxix,14752 1868.07 persecutionofBaha'isinEgypt Baha'isinBaghdadexiledtoMosul Baha'u'llahandcompanionsdepartforAkka, arrive1868.08.31
Momenxxix,25764 Momenxxix,2667
INFORMATION
1853.10
SecondNayrizuprising.Ends1853.12
1854.04.10
Baha'u'llahleavesforSulayman,returns 1856.03.19 SayyidIsmailZavarikillshimself.
1868.08.12
Furutan1168, Salmani8990,SE 199,Qazvin479, SWEGB91,Momen 2545,Thrzdh3174 92,198203 EM25,King470, Qazvin367, Thrzdh222530 WMomen155,SE 188,Qazvin49, Thrzdh320511
Qazvin1011,King 1324
1857/58
1869.07
Badimartyred
1863.04.22
Baha'u'llahgoestotheNajibiyyidGarden, makesdeclaration Baha'u'llahandcompanionsdepartfor Istanbul,arrive1863.08.16 Baha'u'llahandcompanionsdepartfor Adrianople,arrive1863.12.12 ThirteenepisodesofpersecutioninIsfahan upheavalatNajafabad
1870 Ashrafkilled,hismothersaysnottorecant orshe'ddisownhim.
1863.05.03
1863.12.?
Shii141 Momenxxix,2689
1870.06.23 MirzaMihdidies
18641914 1864.05
1870.10
Baha'u'llah,inAkka,movedfromcitadeltoa house
Momen21215 Momenxxix,26973
1867.01.11
King2378,Momen executionof3Baha'isatTabriz,followedby xxix,2514,Thrzdh2 martyrdomsinZanjanandTehran 601 HajjiJafartriestokillhimselfbchecan'tgo withBaha'u'llahtoAkka Qazvin289
1872.01.23 Murderof3AzalisinAkka 1874.05.08 UpheavalinIsfahan
1868
1877.06
Baha'u'llahmovestoMazra'ih
Chapter81:Page6of9
1877.12 martyrdomofMullaKazimofTalkhunchih
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
Momenxxix,2734, Thrzdh43845 WMomen130,Nash 31,EM3351, Traveller'sNarrative 93,SWEGB19,150 151,Momen27480, Thrzdh47390 Momenxxix,2925 EM31,Qazvin40 (andBrowne?), Browne291308, SWEGB19,3045, Momenxxix, Thrzdh43856 Moayyad88,Nash 31,Thrzdh43425 Momenxxix,2804 Momenxxix,296 300 Momenxxix,2848 Sears5964,Fischer 29,46,Nash32, Qazvin413,Browne
291308,SWEGB19, Momen301304, Thrzdh31946, Thrzdh434750
INFORMATION
1879.03.17 KingofandBelovedofMartyrskilled
1892(?)
MartyrdomofSabzivari
Ficher434.46
1892.05.20 PassingofBaha'u'llahatAkka 1896.05.01 Nasiri'dDinShahkilled EM10104,Momen 15860,35961 EM7597,Momen 3612,Thrzdh457 72 Momenxxix,4056
1882.12
ArrestofBaha'isinTehran
1896.05.?
VarqaandRuhullahkilled
1888.10.23 MirzaAshrafkilledinIsfahan.
1896.08
MartyrdomoffiveBaha'isofTurbati Haydari MartyrdomofHajiMuhammadiTurkat Mashhad
1889 1889.07
MuhammadRizakilled UpheavalatNajafabad MartyrdomofHajiMuhammadRidayi IsfahaniatIshqabad
1898.02.09
Momenxxx,40617
1898.12.10 FirstWesternpilgrimsarriveatAkka 1899.04 1903.05 UpheavalatNajafabad UpheavalatRasht
Momenxxx Momenxxx,42631 Momenxxx Momenxxx
1889.07.08
1890.02.25 Sidihmartyrdoms
1903.0506 IncidentatRussianConsulateinIsfahan
1891.05.19 7MartyrsofYazd,etc.
Chapter81:Page7of9
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
Nash335,Fischer 29,436,Moayyad 89,Shii141,Nash 368,Ma'ani223, Momen3636,373 402,Thrzdh2358 68,Thrzdh4124 Momen3535 1934.12.09 Baha'iTarbiyatSchoolsinTehranclosed 1921.01.23
MartyrdomofMirzaYa'qubi Muttahidihin Momenxxx,44650 Kirmanshah
INFORMATION
1903.0607 MartyrdomsinYazdandIsfahan,100killed
1921.11.28 PassingofAbdu'lBaha Sears30,Nash39 40,48,Rabbani97 99,Momenxxx,465 72 Momenxxx,4759 Sears72,WMomen 108 Furutan81,116
1926.04.07 BeginningofattacksonBaha'isinJahrum.
1906.12.30 ShahsignsnewConstitution 1908.07 Abdu'lBahafreedafterYoungTurks' Revolution
Momenxxx,4304 19423 HouseofTheBabdamagedfirsttime
1909.11.05 MartyrdomofHajiHaydaratIsfahan 1911.0812 Abdu'lBaha'sfirstWesterntour 1912.03.25 Abdu'lBaha'ssecondWesterntour,ends 1913.06.17 MartyrdomofShaykhAliAkbarQuchaniat Mashhad MartyrdomofMirzaMuhammadiBulur FurushatYazd
1944
ThreebelieversmartyredinShahrud, releasingspiritualenergy PersecutionsatAbadih
Momenxxx,Momen 4204 Momenxxx,4436
1944.05
Momenxxx,47980 Shii248,253,Nash 412,Rabbani310 12,Mottahedeh 23940
1915.03.14
1955
Persecutions,andBurujirdi'sroleinthem, andetc.
1917.05.02
1920.04.17 KnightingofAbdu'lBaha Momenxxx,3456, 4446,451
TroopssurroundBNC,takeiton1955.05.07, Sears3144, 1955.04.21 destroyiton1955.08.HouseofTheBab, Moayyad87, too. Furutan122 1955.07.28 7MartyrsofYazd Sears57,Fischer29
1920.05.21 MartyrdomofHajiArabatSultanabad
Chapter81:Page8of9
Baha'issingledoutforattackbyantigovt. rioters ManystudentprotestersinIrankilled,and theirmartyrdomswerelater commemorated SavakbeginsantiBaha'icampaign 1963 Nash44
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION
1978
Shii2835
1978.09
Sears556,Fischer 44 Sears736, WMomen108,Z&B 1235,Olya237 Sears648,Fischer 29,41,4851
1979.09.08 HouseofTheBabdestroyedthirdtime
1980.09.08 7MartyrsofYazd
current
seearticlesonlineathttp://bahai library.org/newspapersor www.uga.edu/bahai/News.
Chapter81:Page9of9
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith) HW Iqan
INFORMATION Keytosource
Keytosources
KeytoEnglishmaterialscitedbyabbreviation
= Bah'u'llh,TheHiddenWordsofBah'u'llh = Bah'u'llh,TheKitabiIqan = JournalofBah'Studies = JournaloftheRoyalAsiaticSociety = ShoghiEffendi,ThePromisedDayisCome = Abdu'lBah,PromulgationofUniversalPeace
(fullcitationsatend,inbibliography) Aqdas = Bah'u'llh,TheKitabiAqdas
JBS JRAS PDC PUP
BKoG = HasanBalyuzi,Bah'u'llh:KingofGlory(vol.2of biographicalseries) BS1 = JohnWalbridge,SacredActs,SacredSpace,SacredTime: Bah'Studiesvol.1 BS2 vol.2 = DianaMalouf,UnveilingtheHiddenWords:Bah'Studies
Revelation = AdibTaherzadeh,TheRevelationofBah'u'llh(vol.1= 185363;vol.2=186368;vol.3=186877;vol.4=187792) SAQ = Abdu'lBah,SomeAnsweredQuestions
BS3 = MoojanMomen,ed.,ScriptureandRevelation:Bah' Studiesvol.3 BSB BSR = Bah'StudiesBulletin = Bah'StudiesReview
SBBH1 = MoojanMomen,ed.StudiesinBabiandBah'History: StudiesinBabiandBah'Historyvol.1 SBBH2 = JuanColeandMoojanMomen,eds.FromIranEastto West:StudiesinBabiandBah'Historyvol.2 SBBH3 vol.3 = PeterSmith,ed.InIran:StudiesinBabiandBah'History
BW = TheBah'World:AnInternationalRecord(subtitlevaries; volumenumbersceaseaftervol.19,replacedwithdateonly) Covenant = AdibTaherzadeh,TheCovenantofBah'u'llh ESW = Bah'u'llh,EpistletotheSonoftheWolf
SBBH4 = R.JacksonArmstrongIngram.Music,Devotions,andthe Mashriqu'lAdhkar:StudiesinBabiandBah'Historyvol.4(citedas ArmstrongIngram,Music,Devotions...) SBBR5 = MoojanMomen,ed.StudiesinHonoroftheLateHasan M.Balyuzi:StudiesintheBabiandBah'Religionsvol.5(beforevol.5 was"SBBH";seeabove)
Gleanings = Bah'u'llh,GleaningsfromtheWritingsofBah'u'llh GPB = ShoghiEffendi,GodPassesBy
Chapter82:Page1of2
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION Keytosource
SBBR6 = RichardHollinger,ed.CommunityHistories:Studiesinthe BabiandBah'Religionsvol.6 SBBR7 = ChristopherBuck.SymbolandSecret:StudiesintheBabi andBah'Religionsvol.7(citedasBuck,SymbolandSecret) SBBR8 = JackMcLean,ed.RevisioningtheSacred:Studiesinthe BabiandBah'Religionsvol.8 SBBR9 = JuanCole,ModernityandtheMillennium:Studiesinthe BabiandBah'Religionsvol.9(citedasCole,ModernityandMillennium) SBBR10 = ChristopherBuck,ParadiseandParadigm:Studiesinthe BabiandBah'Religionsvol.10(citedasBuck,ParadiseandParadigm) WOB = ShoghiEffendi,TheWorldOrderofBah'u'llh
Wilmette1978) MAx=Ma'iydihiAsmani,v."x" Mubin=alKitabalmubin,(Tehran,120B.E./1963?) Rosen2=CollectionsscientifiquesdeL'institutdeLanguesOrientalesdu MinisteredesAffairsEstrangeres,volVI,2efascicule,1891.MsXisthe Msnumber T&T=RisalihTasbihvaTahlil
KeytoArabic/PersianSources AHM=Ad'iyyihiHadratiMahbub AlwBraz=AlwahiHadratiBaha'u'llahIla'lMulukva'lRu'asa,Brazil, 140BE,148pp AQAx=AthariQalamiA'la AyT=RisalihAyamTis'ih DiD=DaryaiiDanish Gan=GanjihShaygan(byIsh IQT=AlvahiMubarakayihadratiBaha'u'llah...shamiliiqtidaratva chandlawhiDigar(n.p.n.d.,apparentlypublishedbythePersianBPTin the1970s) INBA=IranianNationalBaha'iArchives(Tehranarchives) MaA=Majmu'ihazAlwahiJamaliAqdasiAbha MaM=Majmu'ihiAlwahiMubarakih.ThePersian/Arabiccollectionof "TabletsofBaha'u'llah"(Cairo,11/1338AH,July1920AD;reprintedBPT Wilmette1978; MaMat=Majmu'ihyiMatbu'ihed.Muhyi'dDinSabri(Cairo1920,
Chapter82:Page2of2
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
ObligatoryBah'prayers
INFORMATION
Bah'smust,accordingtoBah'u'llh,sayatleastoneofthreerevealed. In the KitbiAqdas, Bah'u'llh prescribes the Bah' law of a daily obligatory prayer which is said in private. In the KitbiAqdas he further states that the obligatory prayer was recorded separately in another tablet. The tablet containing this obligatory prayer was not released to the Bah's during Bah'u'llh's lifetime, but was instead superseded by Bah'u'llh with three obligatoryprayers.AfterBah'u'llh'spassingthetextoftheoriginalobligatory prayerwasstolenbyMrzMuhammadÀl. CurrentObligatoryPrayers There are three obligatoryprayers, and Bah's must fulfill the requirements of oneofthemeachday. ShortObligatoryPrayer This shortest of the three available obligatory prayers must be said once betweennoonandsunset: I bear witness, O my God, that Thou hast created me to know Thee and to worshipThee.Itestify,atthismoment,tomypowerlessnessandtoThymight, tomypovertyandtoThywealth.ThereisnoneotherGodbutThee,theHelpin Peril,theSelfSubsisting.(Bah'u'llh,PrayersandMeditationsbyBah'u'llh, p.313) MediumObligatoryPrayer The medium obligatory prayer must be said three times during the day: once between sunrise and noon, once between noon and sunset, and once after sunset till two hours after sunset. It includes a series of positions (and movementsfromonepositiontothenext),alongwithspecificsupplications. LongObligatoryPrayer
Thelongobligatoryprayercanbesaidanytimeduringtheday.Itincludesaseries ofpositions(andmovementsfromonepositiontothenext),alongwithspecific supplications. LawsconcerningtheObligatoryPrayer Thereareanumberoflawsandpracticesassociatedwiththeobligatoryprayers concerning how to say the obligatory prayer, when Bah's are exempt from sayingtheobligatoryprayers,andwhattodoifonemissessayinganobligatory prayer. PracticesassociatedwiththesayingoftheObligatoryPrayers There are certain practices that must be associated with the saying of the obligatoryprayers.Theyinclude: Ifwaterisunavailable,oritsuseharmfultothefaceorhands,theverse"Inthe NameofGod,theMostPure,theMostPure"shouldberepeatedfivetimes. Theprayermustbesaidinprivate. Whilesayingtheprayer,thereadermustbefacingtheQiblihwhichistheShrine ofBah'u'llh. Thepersonmayperformasingleprostration(layingtheforeheadonanyclean surface)intheplaceofeachunsaidobligatoryprayer.Theprostrationsshouldbe performed while saying the verse "Glorified be God,the Lord of Might and Majesty, of Grace and Bounty." The prostrations should be followed by saying the verse "Glorified be God, the Lord of the kingdoms of earth and heaven" eighteen times while the person is sitting crosslegged.It is preferable for the reader to be standing while saying the obligatory prayers in an attitude of humblereverence. ExemptionsfromsayingtheObligatoryPrayer Childrenundertheageof15donothavetosaytheobligatoryprayers.
Chapter83:Page1of2
CombatKit
(BahaiFaith)
INFORMATION
Those that are of illhealth do not have to fulfill the obligations of obligatory prayer. Thosethatareolderthan70donothavetosaytheobligatoryprayers. Women who are menstruating are exempt from saying their obligatory prayer. They should instead perform their ablutions and repeat the verse "Glorified be God,theLordofSplendourandBeauty"ninetyfivetimes. Travellers,iftheycannotfindasafeplacetosaytheirprayer,donothavetosay theirobligatoryprayer. MissedObligatoryPrayers Thepersonmayperformasingleprostration(layingtheforeheadonanyclean surface)intheplaceofeachunsaidobligatoryprayer.Theprostrationsshouldbe performed while saying the verse "Glorified be God,the Lord of Might and Majesty, of Grace and Bounty." The prostrations should be followed by saying the verse "Glorified be God, the Lord of the kingdoms of earth and heaven" eighteentimeswhilethepersonissittingcrosslegged.
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Bahai Combat Kit 1 of 3

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CombatKit

Updated(Overidedon August19,2008) Updated

July01,2008 Biblechangedor unchanged? June11,2008

29 SectsorbranchesoftheBahaiFaith 30 Taqaiyyah:(Dissimulation)intheBahaiFaith 31 UniversalAuxiliaryLanguage

56 VerdictonPhotographsof"Baha'u'llah"andWritingsof"Covenant breakers"andother"EnemiesoftheFaith" 57 FewmoreoutofMany

58 BahasFamilyChart 59 WivesofMirzaHusseinAli Bahaullah 60 ApostlesofMirzaHusseinAli Bah'u'llh 61 HandsoftheCauseofGod 62 Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'HeraldsoftheCovenant

67 TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAftertheKitbiAqdas 68 TabletsoftheDivinePlan 69 UniversalHouseofJustice

76 81 4 5 6 44 IIIofIII IIIofIII IofIII IofIII IofIII IIofIII

Afewunansweredquestions AnExaminationofSuppressionandDistortion in20thCenturyBaha'iLiterature 'Annulment'ofIslam ApostlesofMirzaHusseinAliBah'u'llh AreAlQuranandWritingsofBahaullah"from sameAuthor(Allah)

58 75 32 33 IIIofIII IIIofIII IIofIII IIofIII

"BahasFamilyChart Bayn Biblechangedorunchanged? BiblicaldiscrepanciesinShoghiEffendisGod PassesBy BibliographyfortheTabletsofBaha'u'llah Blunders,errorsandpointstobehighlightedin ShoghiEffendisGodPassesBy

80 40 78 71 7 IIIofIII IIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII IofIII

MarthaLouiseRoot MessengerofGodORProphet Mrz`AlMuhammad Varq MrzAbu'lFadl

MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)as the"Bab"oftheHiddenImam(theTwelfth Imam) MirzaAliMuhammad"Bab"(Gate/Door)as theTwelfthImam MirzaYahyaNuri SubhiAzal

JesusChristPeaceBeUponHim;Washe crucifiedorkilled? JohnEsslemont JustificationofUniversalHouseofJustice's existencewithouttheGuardian

ObligatoryBah'prayers OnenessofMankindORBloodthickerthan water

RoleofForeignPowersintheOriginand GrowthoftheBahaiFaith;accourdingtoShoghi EffendisGodPassesBy

84 29 28 27 IIIofIII IIofIII IofIII IofIII

IofIII IofIII ShaykhiSect:TheforerunnertotheMirzaAli MuhammadBab 'SomeAnsweredQuestions;byMirza Abbas Effendi

68 30 41 3 IIIofIII IIofIII IIofIII IofIII

Racism RecantationofClaimsbyMirzaAliMuhammad SharaziBab RighttoExpelBelievers

The'Annulment'ofIslambyBabBahaand thecompanionsaccordingtoShoghiEffendis GodPassesBy TheDictionaryMeaningofKhatam

VerdictonPhotographsof"Baha'u'llah"and Writingsof"Covenantbreakers"andother "EnemiesoftheFaith" VirginBirthofJesus(PeaceBeUponHim)

IofIII 52 IIofIII IIIofIII

What'ATraveller'sNarrativehastosay! WhoistheParacletepropheciedbyEsa (Jesus)(Peacebeuponhim):Muhammad (Peacebeuponhim)orMirzaHussinAliNuri Bahaullah? WhywasthehistoryoftheBabaltered? Why? WivesofMirzaHusseinAli Bahaullah

IIofIII IIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII IIIofIII

UniversalAuxiliaryLanguage UniversalHouseofJustice UniversalityoftheBahaiFaith UnletteredMirzaAliMuhammadShirazi Bab??? UnletteredMirzaHusseinAliNuri Bahaullah???

WritingsofBb IIIofIII WritingsofBah'u'llh IofIII IofIII

24. Husayn 25. Nayyir(married14) 26. Hasan(married15) 27. Fawzi(married20)

3. 4. 5. PaulEdmondHaney(19091982)[1954] `AlMuhammadVarq(b.1912)[1955] AgnesBaldwinAlexander(18751971)[1957]

Lastcontingent,appointed2October1957byShoghiEffendi 1. HasanMuvaqqarBalyz(19081980) 2. Abu'lQsimFaizi(19061980) 3. JohnGrahamFerraby(19141973) 4. HaroldCollisFeatherstone(19131990) 5. Rahmatu'llhMuhjir(19231979) 6. EnochOlinga(19261979) 7. JohnAldhamRobarts(19011991) 8. WilliamSears(19111992)

INFORMATION Disciplesof'Abdu'lBahand'Heraldsofthe Covenant

BushruiTheStyleoftheKitabiAqdas4041;lengthiercoverageofsameinJohn S.HatcherTheOceanofHisWords97100;discussionofallegoryinTabletinibid. 13839;passingmentionsinibid.5051;discussionofTablet'sprophecyinGary MatthewsChallengeofBaha'u'llah4244,83.

1852 Rashhi'Am,"SprinklingfromaCloud" Translations:provisional,byRaminNeshati,and provisional,byJuanCole Tabletstudyoutline[?] Facultynotes(Overview;Baha'u'llah'sstationpriortothis

KalimtiMaknnih,"HiddenWords" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Tabletstudyoutline[?] LightsofGuidancecompilation Facultynotes(ExcerptfromE.G.Browne;Meaningsof

"CommentaryontheIsolatedLetters" Translationnotyetavailable Facultynotes(Overview) The"DisconnectedLetters"(seealso"Letters"andLetters Chapter65:Page1of7

LawhiHawdaj,"TabletoftheHowdah[aseatforridinga camel]" Translationnotyetavailable SubhnikaYH,"PraisedbeThou,OHe!,"alsoknownas LawhiNaqus,"TabletoftheBell" Translation(provisional,byDenisMacEoin) Facultynotes(Etymology;useofTabletinBaha'ihymns)

LawhiBah,"TabletofGlory" Translationnotyetavailable SriyiDamm,"TabletofBlood" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) Notes(article:"ThePoeticsofPluralisminBah'Texts") LawhiRh,"TabletofSpirit" Translationnotyetavailable

MathnavyiMubrak,"BlessedMathnav[collectionof poetry]" Chapter65:Page3of7

LawhiTibb,"TablettothePhysician/TabletofMedicine" Translationnotyetavailable Tabletstudyoutline[?] notes(Etymology;historyofIslamicmedicine) LetterfromtheUniversalHouseofJustice(Overview;

187077 1869 LawhiFu'd,"TablettoFu'dPsh" Translation(provisional,byJuanCole) BioofFuadPsh Translator'sintroduction LawhiNapulyn,"SecondTablettoNapoleonIII)seealso

SriyiVaf,"TablettoMuhammadHusayn,'Vaf'" ["fidelity"] Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh)

Ishrqt,"Splendors" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh) Tabletstudyoutline[?] Tarzt,"Ornaments" Translation(authorized,byHabibTaherzadeh)

LawhiIbniDhib,"EpistletotheSonoftheWolf" Translation(authoritative,byShoghiEffendi) Bioofaddressee Facultynotes(Reasonforitsrevelation;falseprophets; historicalcontext;"rerevelation"ofTablets) TheLesserPeace

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

Bah'u'llhexplicitlymakestheeighthIshrqanaddendumtotheKitbiAqdas. HealsoforeseesJalliKhu''sdefectionfromthecovenant,whichoccurredafter thepassingofBah'u'llh. 9.

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

INFORMATION TheTabletsofBahullhRevealedAfter theKitbiAqdas

MuhammadBqirBushr'wasthethirdLetteroftheLiving,andthenephewof MullHusayn.HeandMuhammadHasanBushr'(hisfather)travelledwithhis uncleMullHusayntoShirazwheretheBbrevealedhismessage. HewaskilledinthefightingattheTabars.Bbsconsiderhimamartyr.

8. MullMuhammadRawdihKhnYazd 9. Sa`dHind(*) 10. MullMahmudKhu'

17. Thirih(*) 18. Qudds Chapter70:Page2of3

3 .... .... ... ... ... ....

BhyaniandBahaiotherbooks DirectoryofThirih'sArabicandPersianwritingsathnet TranslationofThirih'spoetrytoEnglishbyMarthaRoot ThirihThirih'sbiographicalentryfromMemorialsoftheFaithfulby `Abdu'lBah

April29 May2 May23 May29 July9

NinthdayofRivn TwelfthdayofRivn DeclarationoftheBb AscensionofBah'u'llh MartyrdomoftheBb BirthoftheBb BirthofBah'u'llh DayoftheCovenant Ascensionof`Abdu'lBah

October20 November12 November26 November28

Kaml FirstdayofRivn(Arabic:)April21 Yes Fil

Idl Istijll Istiqll Justice Majesty Independence Wednesday Thursday Friday

Delightful Answer Single Bountiful Affection Beginning Luminous

Huddleston =JohnHuddleston,TheEarthisButOneCountry King Ma'ani