4th SEA-EU-NET Stakeholders Conference 16-17 November, 2011, Hanoi, Vietnam

Key challenges, potential measures and cooperation needs in integrated water and wastewater management in Hanoi city

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen, Viet-Anh Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering Tel. 04-3628 45 09, Fax 04-3869 3714, MP. 091320.9689, Email. vietanhctn@gmail.com; www.epe.edu.vn
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Content
1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city 2. Efforts for situation adaptation and improvement 3. Hot issues under concern 4. Some topics proposed for potential cooperation 5. Conclusions and recommendations

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1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city

Hanoi area
2007: 920.97 km2; 3.4 mio. population
From 1/8/2008: 3,325 km2. 29 districts 6.23 mio.

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1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city

Rapid urbanization Destroyed water balance and natural hydrology system Conflicts among water users Increasing loads from solid and liquid wastes Climate change brings more challenges and consequences Lack of effective, active and sustainable oriented measures

2. Efforts for situation adaptation and improvement

Groundwater protection. Diversification of water supply sources. Projects on drainage system improvement, flood mitigation Projects on wastewater collection and treatment Program on urban lakes improvement. Public and private sector mobilization. Solid waste management projects; Sanitary landfills; 3R; CDM project; Public and private sector mobilization; New Solid waste master plan development; New technologies for SW treatment options;
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Sanitation projects in Hanoi city

JBIC - JICA project: phase 1 (1996 2005): US$ 200 mio. phase 2 (2006 presence): US$ 500 mio. Yen So WWTP by Gamuda Berhad (Malaysia): Q = 200.000 m3/day (2008 2012). US$ 400 mio. Build Transfer (BT) after 1 year. In the 324-ha (including 280 ha of water surface) new commercial area: Yen So Park, US$ 1 bio. project Hanoi is inviting private sector to participate in restoration of 45 citys lakes. Est. cost: US$ 80 mio. (2010 2015).

Solid waste management

Tones Tn
12000000 10000000 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 0 2009 2020 2030 2040 2050

Tones Khi lng

Nm Year

- Current amount of solid waste generated: 0.7 Kg/person/day - Projected amount in 2020 2030 period: 1.1 kg/per/day - Changing trend of composition of solid waste
(Hanoi URENCO, 2010)
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RECYCLE

INCINERATION OR FUEL CELLS

ENERGY/ ELECTRICITY

LANDFILL

biogas

FERTILISER collection TRANSPORTATION COMPOSTING COMPOST

Nam Son landfill and waste treatment complex

- On-going CDM project

(Hanoi URENCO, 2011)
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Cau Dzien composting plant

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Recycling handicraft villages

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3. Hot issues under concern

GW quantity and quality. GW recharge and stabilization. GW quality (esp. contamination of Arsenic, Ammonia, organic matters, ...) Red river trans-boundary issue. Quality and quantity. Effective management of water supply system. Non-revenue water management. Urban drainage. Flood control. Sustainable urban drainage solutions: criteria, planning, application, Urban sewerage system management. Source control. Solid waste management: municipal, industrial, etc. Sludge management. Septic tank sludge management.

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3. Hot issues under concern (cont.)

Integrated water resource management Sustainable water resources planning and exploitation. Water security. Available water resources. Water balance. Groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting. Receiving capacity of the water bodies. Basin and sub-basin division. Flooding prevention and mitigation.

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3. Hot issues under concern (cont.)

Synchronization in urban infrastructure and water pollution control
- Septic tank, combined sewerage and drainage, centralized wastewater treatment plants

Appropriate wastewater collection and treatment technologies Wastewater reuse in urban agriculture
Impacts on the areas in down-stream of the rivers: Nhue - Day, Red river, with a large number of inhabitants Nutrients and wastewater reuse Hygienic aspects Regulations and standards Public acceptance, awareness
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Typical w/w management scheme

Stomwater Combined sewerage

Biogas digester
DVCL Grey water

Grey water Black water from ST

W/w reuse

(N.V.Anh, 2004, GHK-DFID)

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Open questions in Hanoi capital Master Plan to 2030 and vision to 2050

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4. Some topics proposed for potential cooperation

Principles: integrated management, suitable to local context, step-wise, mobilization of different resources Green concept. Planning and integration of sustainable solutions into planning, and into implementation Integrated waste management for resource recovery Sludge, organic waste co-treatment for biogas recovery Integrated management models. Cost recovery. Sustainable Sanitation Strategy Sustainable Urban Drainage Solutions
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Semi-centralized, integrated waste management for Hanoi city: Semi-San (HUCE Darmstadt TU)

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Material Flux Analysis A study on Nutrient balance for sustainable Hanoi (IESE SANDEC; IESE - FES TEMA V)
MFA: N, P flows

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SUDS and Rainwater Harvesting (IESE,HUCE SNU)

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5. Conclusions and recommendations

Hanoi is trying with great efforts for the city development, climate change adaption and infrastructure improvement. Close and multi-sector cooperation is needed. International cooperation is necessary, besides mobilization of the local resources There are great opportunities for new ideas, innovative concepts and solutions, including technical, managerial, social, etc. Some of them are: integrated urban waste management, SUDS, source pollution control, etc.

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5. Conclusions and recommendations (cont.)

These solutions can be feasible if they are evaluated, and integrated into planning and plan implementation. A long term vision, interest and support, as well as participation of the city government is needed. Advantages of accumulative scientific values, thanks to international cooperation, should be taken in integration with historical assets, cultural traditions and professional experiences of the Vietnamese partners.

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XIN TRN TRNG CM N

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Viet Anh

Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering Tel. 04-3628 45 09, Fax 04-3869 3714, MP. 091320.9689, Email. vietanhctn@gmail.com; www.epe.edu.vn
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