6th Semester E & C Engineering (Detailed with unknown phase in noise, estimation:

Syllabus) concept and criteria, maximum likelihood

estimation. 06 Hrs.
06EC-61 : Digital Communication
Unit 8
PART A Spread Spectrum Modulation: Pseudo noise
sequences, notion of spread spectrum, direct
Unit1: sequence spread coherent binary PSK, signal
Introduction: Review of basics of probability space dimensionality and processing gain,
,spectrum of elementary signals convolution frequency hop spread spectrum, applications.
,Signals and their sources, basic signal 07 Hrs
processing operations in digital Text Book:
communication. Sampling Principles:
1. Simon Haykin, Digital communications,
Sampling Theorem, quadrature sampling of
JohnWiley,2003.
Band pass signal, reconstruction of a message
ReferenceBooks:
from its samples, signal distortion in sampling.
1.K.Sam Shanmugam, Digital and analog
07 Hrs
communication systems, John Wiley, 1996.
Unit2: 2.Simon Haykin, An introduction to Analog
Practical aspects of sampling and signal and Digital Communication, John Wiley, 2003
recovery. PAM, TDM. Waveform Coding
*************************************
Techniques, PCM, Channel noise and error
06EC-62: Microprocessor
probability. quantization noise and SNR,
robust quantization. 07 Hrs
Part A

Unit3: Unit 1
DPCM, DM, coding speech at low bit rates, The 8086/8088 Processors: A historical
applications. Base-Band Shaping for Data background, The microprocessor-based
Transmission, Discrete PAM signals, power personal computer system. Register
spectra of discrete PAM signals. 06 Hrs organization of 8086, Architecture, Signal
Description of 8086, Physical memory
Unit4: organization, General Bus operation, I/O
ISI, Nyquist’s criterion for distortion less Addressing Capability, Special Processor
base-band binary transmission, correlative Activities. 06 Hrs
coding , eye pattern, base-band M-ary PAM
systems, adaptivc equalization for data Unit 2
transmission. 06 Hrs. Minimum Mode 8086 System and Timing,
Maximum Mode 8086 System and Timing,
The 8088 processor. 8086/8088 Instruction Set
PART –B And Assembler Directives, Machine Language
Unit 5 Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes of
Digital Modulation Techniques: Digital 8086. 06Hrs
Modulation formats, Coherent binary
modulation techniques, Coherent quadrature Unit 3
modulation techniques. Non-coherent binary Instruction set of 8086, Assembler Directives
modulation techniques, Comparison of Binary and Operators. The Art of Assembly Language
and Quarternary Modulation techniques. M- Programming With 8086/8088: Few Machine
Ary Modulation Techniques. 07 Hrs Level Programs, Machine Coding the
Programs. 07 Hrs
Unit 6
Effect of ISI, Bit versus Symbol error
Unit 4
probability, detection and estimation, Gram-
Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, Programming With an Assembler, Assembly
Language Example Programs. 07 Hrs
geometric interpretation of signals, response of
bank of correlators to noisy input. 06Hrs
PART B
Unit 7 Unit 5
Modular Programming, Data Conversion and
Detection of known signals in noise,
probability of error, correlation receiver, Interrupts: Modular programming, Using the
keyboard and video display, data conversions.
matched filter receiver, detection of signals
Basic interrupts processing, Hardware MOSFET Biasing, Op-Amp design, Circuit
Interrupts 06 Hrs Noise. 12 Hrs

Unit 6
UNIT 4:
Expanding the interrupt structure, Interrupt
Implementing Data converters: Current Mode
examples, Arithmetic Coprocessor (8087),
and Voltage mode R-2R DAC, Using Op-
Data formats for the arithmetic coprocessor,
Amps in data converters, Implementing
The 80X87 architecture. 06 Hrs
ADCs, Cyclic ADC. 06 Hrs
Unit 7
UNIT5:
Instruction set, Programming with the
Integrator Based CMOS Filters: Integrator
arithmetic coprocessor. Bus Interface, The
Building Blocks, Low pass and Active R-C
80386, 80486 And Pentium Processors, The
filters, MOSFET-C integrators, Bilinear and
peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus,
Biquadratic transfer functions – Active R-C,
the parallel printer interface (LTP), The
Transconductor-C and Switched Capacitor
universal serial bus (USB). 06 Hrs
implementations both transfer functions,
Canonic form of a digital filter. 06 Hrs
Unit 8
Introduction to the 80386 microprocessor,
Text Book:
Special 80386 registers, Introduction to the
1.R. Jacob Baker, CMOS – Mixed signal
80486 microprocessor, Introduction to the
circuit design (Vol II of CMOS: Circuit
Pentium microprocessor. 08 Hrs
design, layout and simulation), IEEE Press and
Wiley Interscience, 2002
Textbooks:
Reference Books:
1. The intel microprocessor, architecture,
1.Design ofAnalog C M OS Integrated Circuits,
programming and interfacing-Barry B. Brey,
B Razavi,FirstEdition,McGraw Hill,2001
6e, Pearson education / PHI, 2003
2.CMOS Analog Circuit Design, P E Allen and
Reference books:
D R Holberg, Second Edition, Oxford
1.Microprocessor and interfacing-
University Press,2002
programming & hardware, Douglas Hall, 2e
*************************************
TMH, 1991
06EC-64: Antennas and Propagation
2.Microcomputer systems-The 8086 / 8088
family – Y.C. Liu and G. A. Gibson, 2E PHI
PART A
-2003
*************************************
Unit 1
06EC-63: Analog and Mixed Mode VLSI
Antenna Basics: Introduction, basic Antenna-
Design
parameters, patterns, beam area,
=
radiation intensity, beam efficiency, diver-
PART A
sityand gain, antenna apertures, effective
UNIT 1:
height, bandwidth, radiation, efficiency, anten-
Sampling and Aliasing: Impulse Sampling,
na temperature and antenna filed zones.
Sample and Hold, SPICE models for DACs
Text 1: Articles -2.1 to 2.7, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12,
and ADCs, Quantization noise, Spectral
2.13. 08 Hrs
density of quantization noise. 12 Hrs
Reference book: Articles – 2.11, 2.14, 2.18.
UNIT 2:
Data Converter SNR: Effective number of Unit 2
bitsClock jitter, spectral density, Using Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, point
averaging to improve SNR, Decimating filters sources, power patterns, power theorem, radi-
for ADCs, Interpolating filters for DACs, Band ation intensity, filed patterns, phase patterns.
pass and High pass Sync filters, Using Array of two isotropic point sources, non-
feedback to improve SNR. 12 Hrs isotropic but similar point sources, principles
of pattern multiplication, examples of pattern
PART B synthesis by pattern multiplication, non-
UNIT 3: isotropic point sources, broad side array with
Sub-Micron CMOS circuit design: Process non unipolar amplitude distribution, broad side
flow, capacitors and resistors, SPICE vs end fire array, direction of maxima fire ar-
MOSFET models, MOSFET Switch, Delay rays of n isotropic point sources of equal am-
and Adder elements, Analog circuits – plitude and spacing.
Text 1: Articles 4.1 to 4.15, 4.24, 4.25 10 Hrs

Unit 3
Electric dipoles and thin linear antennas:
Introduction, short electric dipole, fields of a
short dipole, radiation resistance of
shortdipole, radiation resistances of lambda/2
Antenna, thin linear antenna, micro strip
arrays, low side lobe arrays, long wire antenna,
folded dipole antennas.
Text 1: Articles – 5.1 to 5.6, 5.22 to 5.24, 5.27
and 11.3 06 Hrs
PART B
Unit 4
Loop, solt, patch and horn antenna:
Introduction, small loop, comparision of far
fields of small loop and short dipole, loop
antenna general case, far field patterns of
circular loop, radiation resistance, directivity,
slot antenna, Balinet’s principle and
complementary antennas, impedence of
complementary and slot antennas, patch
antennas, horn antennas, rectangular horn
antennas.
Text 1: Articles – 6.1 to 6.8, 6.12, 6.14 to
6.16, 6.18 to 6.20. 08 Hrs
Unit 5
Antenna Types: Helical Antenna, Yagi-Uda
array, corner reflectors, parabolic reflectors,
log periodic antenna, lens antenna, antenna
for special applications – sleeve antenna,
turnstile antenna, omni directional antennas,
antennas for satellite antennas for ground
penetrating radars, embedded antennas, ultra
wide band antennas, plasma antenna.
Text 1: Selected Articles from chapters – 7,8,9,
14, and 17
(Note: no derivations for the these topics in
this section) 08 Hrs
Unit 6
Radio Wave Propagation: Introduction,
Ground wave propagation, free space
propagation, ground reflection, surface wave,
diffraction.
Troposphere Wave Propagation: troposcophic
scatter, Ionosphere propagation, electrical
properties of the ionosphere, effects of earth’s
magnetic field.
Text 2: Articles – 8.1, 8.2 12 Hrs
Text book:
1. John D.Krauss, Antennas, II edition,
McGraw-Hill International edition, 1988.
2. Harish and Sachidananda: Antennas and
Wave Propagation Oxford Press 2007
Reference Books:
1. C A Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and
Design 2nd ED, John Wiely, 1997
2. Sineon R Saunders, Antennas and
Propagation for Wireless Communication
Systems, John Wiley, 2003.
***************************
06EC-65: Information Theory and Coding
PART –A
Unit 1:
Information Theory: Introduction, Measure of
information, Average information content of
symbols in long independent sequences,
Average information content of symbols in
long dependent sequences. Mark-off statistical
model for information source, Entropy and
information rate of mark-off source
Text1: Chapter 4: 4.1 and 4.2. 06 Hrs
Unit 2 :
Source Coding: Encoding of the source output,
Shannon’s encoding algorithm.
Communication Channels, Discrete
communication channels, Continuous
channels.
Text 1: Chapter 4: 4.3 to 4.6 06 Hrs
Unit 3 :
Fundamental Limits on Performance:
Source coding theorem,, Huffman coding,
Discrete memory less Channels, Mutual
information, Channel Capacity.
Text 2: Chapter 2: 2.3 to 2.6 06 Hrs
Unit 4 :
Channel coding theorem , Differential entropy
and mutual information for continuous
ensembles, Channel capacity Theorem .
Text 2 : Chapter 2: 2.7 to 2.9 06 Hrs
PART-B
Unit 5 :
Introduction to Error Control Coding:
Introduction, Types of errors, examples, Types
of codes Linear Block Codes: Matrix
description, Error detection and correction,
Standard arrays and table look up for
decoding.
Text 1: Chapter 9: 9.1 and 9.2 07 Hrs
Unit 6 : Binary Cycle Codes, Algebraic
structures of cyclic codes, Encoding using an
(n-k) bit shift register, Syndrome calculation.
BCH codes.
Text 1: Chapter 9: 9.3 06 Hrs
Un
it 7 :
RS codes, Golay codes, Shortened cyclic
codes, Burst error correcting codes. Burst and
Random Error correcting codes. Convolution
Codes, Time domain approach.Transform
domain approach.
Text 2: Chapter 8: 8.4 , 8.5 and
Text 1: Chapter 9. 9.4 and 9.5 07 Hrs
Unit 8:
Systematic Convolution codes, Maximum
likelihood decoding of Convolution codes
Vitrebi algorithm Distance properties of
convolutional codes Sequential decoding.
Text 2: Chapter 8 : 8.6 , 8.7 8.8 06 Hrs
Text Books:
1. K. Sam Shanmugam, Digital and analog
communication systems, John Wiley, 1996.
2. Simon Haykin, Digital communication, John
Wiley, 2003.
Reference Book:
1. Ranjan Bose, ITC and Cryptography, TMH,
2002 (reprint 2007)
2. Glover and Grant; Digital Communications
Pearson Ed. 2nd Ed 2008
************************************
06ECL-67: Advanced Communication Lab
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. TDM of two band limited signals.
2. ASK and FSK generation and detection
3. PSK generation and detection
4. DPSK generation and detection
5. QPSK generation and detection
6. PCM generation and detection using a
CODEC Chip
7. Measurement of losses in a given optical
fiber ( propagation loss, bending loss, coupling
loss ) and numerical aperture
8. Analog and Digital (with TDM)
communication link using optical fiber.
9. Measurement of frequency, guide
wavelength , power, VSWR and attenuation in
a microwave test bench
10. Measurement of directivity and gain of
antennas: Standard dipole (or printed dipole),
microstrip patch antenna and Yagi
antenna(printed).
11. Determination of coupling and isolation
characteristics of a stripline (or microstrip)
directional coupler
12. (a) Measurement of resonance
characteristics of a microstrip ring resonator
and determination of dielectric constant of the
substrate.
(b) Measurement of power division and
isolation characteristics of a microstrip 3 dB
power divider.
*************************************
06ECL-68: Microprocessor Lab
I) Programs involving
1) Data transfer instructions like:
i] Byte and word data transfer in different
addressing modes.
ii] Block move (with and without
overlap)
iii] Block interchange
2) Arithmetic & logical operations like:
i] Addition and Subtraction of multi
precision nos.
ii] Multiplication and Division of signed
and unsigned Hexadecimal nos.
iii] ASCII adjustment instructions
iv] Code conversions
v] Arithmetic programs to find square
cube, LCM, GCD, factorial
3)Bit manipulation instructions like checking:
i] Whether given data is positive or
negative
ii] Whether given data is odd or even
iii]Logical 1’s and 0’s in a given data
iv] 2 out 5 code
v] Bit wise and nibble wise palindrome
4)Branch/Loop instructions like:
i] Arrays: addition/subtraction of N nos.
Finding largest and smallest nos.
Ascending and descending order
ii] Near and Far Conditional and
Unconditional jumps, Calls and Returns
5) Programs on String manipulation like string
transfer, string reversing, searching
for a string, etc.
6) Programs involving Software interrupts
Programs to use DOS interrupt INT 21h
Function calls for Reading a Character
from keyboard, Buffered Keyboard input,
Display of character/ String on console
II) Experiments on interfacing 8086 with the
following interfacing modules through
DIO (Digital Input/Output-PCI bus
compatible) card
a) Matrix keyboard interfacing
b) Seven segment display interface
c) Logical controller interface
d) Stepper motor interface
III) Other Interfacing Programs
a) Interfacing a printer to an X86
microcomputer
b) PC to PC Communication
************************************8
ELECTIVE GROUP-A
06EC661: Programming in C++

PART A
Unit 1
C++, An Overview: Getting started, the C++
program, Preprocessor Directives,
The Built-In Array Data Type, Dynamic
Memory Allocation and Pointers, An
Object – based Design, An Object-Oriented
Design, An Exception – based Design,
An array.
Text 1: Chap 1: 1.1 to 1.3, Chap 2: 2.1 to 2.7
06 Hrs
Unit 2
The basic language: Literal Constant,
Variables, Pointer Type, String Types, const
Qualifier, Reference Types, the bool type,
Enumeration types, Array types. The vector
container type.
Text 1: Chap 3: 3.1 to 3.10 06 Hrs
Unit 3
Operators: Arithmetic Operators, Equality,
Relational and Logical operators, Assignment
operators, Increment and Decrement operator,
The conditional Operator, Bitwise operator,
bitset operations. Statements: if, switch, for
Loop, while, break, goto, continue statements.
Text 1: Chap 4: 4.1 to 4.12, Chap 5: 5.1 to
5.10 10 Hrs
Unit 4
Functions: Prototype, Argument passing,
Recursion and linear function.
Text 1: Chap 7: 7.1 to 7.6 04 Hrs
PART B
Unit 5
Exception Handling: Throwing an Exception,
Catching an exception, Execption
Specification and Execptions and Design
Issues.
Text 1: Chap 11: 11.1 to 11.5 06 Hrs
Unit 6
Classes : Definition, Class Objects, Class
Initailization, Class constructior, The class
destructor, Class Object Arrays and Vectors.
Text 1: Chap 13: 13.1 to 13.2, Chap 14: 14.1 to
14.4. 07 Hrs
Unit 7
Overload Operators, Operators ++ and --,
Operators new and delete.
Text 1: Chap 15: 15.1 to 15. 8 07 Hrs
Unit 8
Multiple Inheritance, public, private &
protected inheritance, Class scope under
Inheritance.
Text 1: Chap 18: 18.2 to 18. 4 04 Hrs
Text books:
1. S. B. Lippman & J. Lajoie, C++ Primer, 3rd
Edition, Addison Wesley, 2000.
Reference Books:
1. C++ Program Design: An Introduction to
Programming and Object-Oriented Design.
Cohoon and Davidson, 3rd Edn. TMH
publication. 2004.
2. R. Lafore, Object Oriented Programming
using C++, Galgotia Publications, 2004.
*************************************
06EC662 Satellite Communication:
PART A
Unit 1
Over view of Satellite Systems: Introduction,
frequency allocation, INTEL Sat.
Text 1: articles – 1.1 – 1.3 03 Hrs
Unit 2
Orbits: Introduction, Kepler laws, definitions,
orbital element, apogee and perigee heights,
orbit perturbations, inclined orbits, calendars,
universal time, sidereal time, orbital plane,
local mean time and sun clyndronous orbits,
Geostationary orbit: Introduction, antenna,
look angles, polar mixantenna, limits of
visibility, earth eclipse of satellite, sun transit
outage, laendiag orbits.
Text 1: articles – 3.1 – 2.9, 2.9.1, 2.9.4, 2.9.5,
2.10, and 3.1 – 3.4, 3.6 – 3.8 10 Hrs
Unit 3
Propagation impairments and space link:
Introduction, atmospheric loss, ionospheric
effects, rain attenuation, other impairments.
Space link: Introduction, EIRP, transmission
losses, link power budget, system noise, CNR,
uplink, down link, effects of rain, combined
CNR.
Text 1: articles – 4.1 to 4.5, and 12.1 to 12.10
08 Hrs
Unit 4
Space Segment: Introduction, power supply
units, altitude control, station keeping, thermal
control, TT&C, transponders, antenna
subsystem.
Text 1: articles- 7.1 – 7.8 07 Hrs
Unit 5
Earth Segemnt: Introduction, receive only
home TV system, out door unit, indoor unit,
MATV, CATV, Tx – Rx earth station.
Text 1 : articles – 8.1 – 8.5 03 Hrs
Unit 6
Interference and Satellite access: Introduction,
interference between satellite circuits, satellite
access, single access, pre-assigned FDMA,
SCPC (spade system), TDMA, pre-assigned
TDMA, demand assigned TDMA, down link
analysis, comparison of uplink power
requirements for TDMA & FDMA, on board
signal processing satellite switched TDMA.
Text 1: articles – 13.1, 13.2, 14.1 to 14.5, 14.7
(exclude 14.7.5, 14.7.6, 14.7.7, 14.7.10), 14.8,
14.9 08 Hrs
Unit 7
DBS, Satellite mobile and specialized services:
Introduction, orbital spacing, power ratio,
frequency and polarization, transponder
capacity, bit rates for digital TV, satellite
mobile services, USAT, RadarSat, GPS, orb
communication and iridium.
Text 1: articles – 16.1 to 16.6 and 17.1 to 17.7
09 Hrs
Text Book:
1. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communications,
4th Edition, McGraw-Hill International edition,
2006
References:
1. Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy
Allnutt, Satellite Communications, 2nd Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2003
2. W.L. Pitchand, H.L. Suyderhoud,
R.A. Nelson, Setallite Communication
Systems engineering, 2nd Edn, Pearson Edu.,
2007
*************************************
06EC663: Random Processes
Part A
Unit 1:
Introduction to Probability Theory:
Experiments. sample space, Events, Axioms,
Assigning probabilities, Joint and conditional
probabilities,. Baye’s Theorem, Independence,
Discrete Random Variables, Engg Example.
Chapter 2 (complete) 07 Hrs
Unit 2 :
Random Varibles, Distributions, Density
Functions: CDF, PDF, Gaussian random
variable, Uniform Exponential ,Laplace,
Gamma, Erlang, Chi-Square, Raleigh, Rician
and Cauchy types of random variables
Chapter 3: 3.1 to 3.4. 06 Hrs
Unit 3:
Operations on a Single R V: Expected value,
EV of Random variables, EV of functions of
Random variables, Central Moments,
Conditional expected values.
Chapter 4: 4.1 to 4.6 06 Hrs
Unit 4:
Characteristic functions, Probability generating
functions, Moment generating functions, Engg
applications, Scalar quantization, entropy and
source coding.
Chapter 4: 4.7 ,4.8, 4.9. 4.11. 4.12. 06 Hrs
PART B
Unit 5:
Pairs of Random variables, Joint CDF, joint
PDF, Joint probability mass functions,
Conditional Distribution, density and mass
functions, EV involving pairs of Random
variables, Independent Random variables,
Complex Random variables, Engg Application
Chapter 5: 5,1 to 5.6 , 5.10, 5.11. 07 Hrs
Unit 6 :
Multiple Random Varibles: Joint and
conditional PMF, CDF, PDF,.EV involving
multiple Random variables, Gaussian Random
variable in multiple dimension, Engg
application, linear prediction.
Chapter 6: 6.1,6.2, 6.3, 6.5. 07 Hrs
Unit 7 :
Random Process: Definition and
characterization, Mathematical tools for
studying Random Processes, Stationary and
Ergodic Random processes, Properties of ACF.
Chapter 8: 8.1 to 8.4. 06 Hrs
Unit 8 :
Example Processes: Markov processes,
Gaussian Processes, Poisson Processes, Engg
application, Computer networks, Telephone
networks.
Chapter 8: 8.5 to 8.7 & Chapter 9: 9.1 9.5 9.6.
06 Hrs
Text Book:
1. S L Miller and D C Childers: Probability
and random processes: application to Signal
processing and communication Academic
Press/ Elsivier 2004
Reference Books:
1. A. Papoullis and S U Pillai: Probability,
Random variables and stochastic processes
McGraw Hill 2002
2. Peyton Z Peebles: Probability, Random
variables and Random signal principles TMH
4th Edition 2007
3. H Stark and Woods: Probability, random
processes and applications PHI 2001
*************************************
06EC664: Adaptive Signal Processing an example of convergence, learning curve,
noise in the weight-vector solution,
PART-A misadjustment, performance. 05 Hrs

Unit 1 Unit 7
Adaptive Systems: Definition and Adaptive Modeling And System Identification:
characteristics, Areas of application, General General description, Adaptive modeling of
properties, Open-and closed-loop adaptation, multipath communication channel, adaptive
Applications of closed-loop adaptation, modeling in geophysical exploration, Adaptive
Example of an adaptive system. 04 Hrs modeling in FIR digital filter synthesis. 05 Hrs

Unit 2
The Adaptive Linear Combiner: General
description, Input signal and weight vectors,
Desired response and error, the performance
function, gradient and minimum mean-square
error, Example of a performance surface,
Alternative expression of the gradient,
Decorrelation of error and input components.
06 Hrs
Unit 8
Adaptive Interfacing Canceling: The concept
of adaptive noise canceling, stationary noise-
canceling solutions, effects of signal
components in the reference input, The
adaptive interference canceller as a notch filter,
The adaptive interface canceller as a high-pass
filter, Effects of finite length and causality,
multiple-reference noise canceling. 07 Hrs

Unit 3 Text Book:

Properties Of The Quadratic Performance 1. Bernard Widrow and Samuel D. Stearns,
Surface: Normal of the input correlation Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson
matrix, Eigen values and eigen vectors of the Education Asia, 2001.
input correlation matrix, an example with two Reference Books:
weights, geometrical significance of 1. Simon Haykin, Adaptive filter Theory , 4e,
eigenvectors and eigen values, a second Pearson Education Asia, 2002
example. 08Hrs 2. Jophn R. Treichler C. Richard Johnson, Jr.
and Michael G. Larimore, Theory and Design
Unit 4 of Adaptive Filetrs, PHI, 2002.
Searching The Performance Surface: Methods *************************************
of searching the performance surface, Basic 06EC665: Low Power VLSI Design
ideal of gradient search methods, a simple
gradient search algorithm and its solution, PART A
Stability and rate of convergence, The learning UNIT 1:
curve, Gradient search by newton’s method in Introduction, Sources of power dissipation,
multidimensional space, Gradient search by designing for low power. Physics of power
the method of steepest descent, Comparison of dissipation in MOSFET devices – MIS
learning curves. 07Hrs Structure, Long channel and sub-micron
MOSFET, Gate induced Drain leakage. 6 Hrs
PART-B UNIT 2:
Power dissipation in CMOS – Short circuit
Unit 5 dissipation, dynamic dissipation, Load
Gradient Estimation And Its Effects On capacitance. Low power design limits -
Adaptation: Gradient component estimation by Principles of low power design, Hierarchy of
derivate measurement, the performance limits, fundamental limits, Material, device,
penalty, Derivative measurement and circuit and system limits. 08 Hrs
performance penalties with multiple weights, UNIT 3:
variance of the gradient estimate, effects on the Synthesis for Low power: Behavioural, Logic
weight-over solution, excess mean-square error and Circuit level approaches, Algorithm level
and time constants, misadjustment, transforms, Power-constrained Least squares
comparative performance of Newtron’s and optimization for adaptive and non-adaptive
steepest-descent methods, Total mis filters, Circuit activity driven architectural
adjustment and other practical considerations. transformations, voltage scaling, operation
08 Hrs reduction and substitution, pre- computation,
FSM and Combinational logic, Transistor
Unit 6 sizing. 12 Hrs
The Lms Algorith: Derivation of the LMS
algorithm, convergence of the weight vector, PART B
UNIT 4:
Design and Test of Low-Voltage CMOS
Circuits: Introduction, Design style,
Leakage current in Deep sub-micron
transistors, device design issues, minimizing
short channel effect, Low voltage design
techniques using reverse Vgs, steep sub
threshold swing and multiple threshold
voltages, Testing with elevated intrinsic
leakage, multiple supply voltages. 12 Hrs
UNIT 5:
Low energy computing: Energy dissipation in
transistor channel, Energy recovery circuit
design, designs with reversible and partially
reversible logic, energy recovery in adiabatic
logic and SRAM core, Design of peripheral
circuits – address decoder, level shifter and I/O
Buffer, supply clock generation. 8 Hrs
UNIT 6:
Software design for low power: Introduction,
sources of power dissipation, power
estimation and optimization. 4 Hrs
Text Book:
1. Kaushik Roy and Sharat C Prasad, Low-
Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design, Wiley
Interscience, 2000
************************************
06EC666: MODERN CONTROL THEORY
PART-A
UNIT 1:
Linear Spaces and Linear Operators.
Introduction, Fields, Vectors and Vector
Spaces, Linear Combinations and Bases,
Linear Transformations and Matrices, Scalar
Product and Norms, Solution of Linear
Algebraic Equations, Eigen values, Eigen
vectors and a Canonical-Form, Functions of a
Square Matrix.
Text 1: Chapter 2: – 2.1 to 27 07 Hrs
UNIT 2:
State Variable Descriptions. Introduction, The
Concept of State, State Equations for Dynamic
Systems, Time-Invariance and Linearity,
Nonuniqueness and State Model, State
diagrams.
Text 1: Chapter 3: – 3.1 to 3.7 05 Hrs
UNIT 3:
Physical Systems and State Assignment:
Introduction, Linear Continuous-Time Models,
Linear Discrete-Time Models, Nonlinear
Models, Local Linearization of Nonlinear
Models, Plant Models of some Illustrative
Control Systems.
Text 1: Chapter 4: – 4.1 to 4.7 06 Hrs
UNIT 4:
Solutions of State Equations: Introduction,
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to
Continuous –Time State Equations, Solution of
Nonlinear Continuous-Time Equations,
Solution of Linear Time-Varying Continuous –
Time State Equations, Solution of Linear
Time- Invariant continuous-Time State
Equations, Solution of Linear Discrete-Time
State Equations, State Equations of Sampled –
Data Systems.
Text 1: Chapter 5: – 5.1 to 5.8 06 Hrs
PART-B
UNIT 5:
Controllability and Observability: ntroduction,
General Concept of Controllability, General
Concept of Observability, Controllability Tests
for Continuous-Time Systems, Observability
Tests for Continuous- Time Systems,
Controllability and Observability of Discrete-
Time Systems, Controllability and
Observability of State Model in Jordan
Canonical Form, Loss of Controllability and
Observability due to Sampling, Controllability
and Observability, CanonicalForms of State
Model.
Text 1: Chapter 6: – 6.1 to 6. 10 07 Hrs
UNIT 6:
Relationship between State Variable and Input-
Output Descriptions: Introduction, Input-
output Maps from State Models, Output
Controllability, Reducibility, State models
from Input-Output Maps.
Text 1: Chapter 7: – 7.1 to 7.6 05 Hrs
UNIT 7:
Stability : Introduction, Stability Concepts and
Definitions, Stability of Linear Time-
Invariant Systems, Equilibrium Stability of
Nonlinear Continuous-Time Autonomous
Systems, The Direct Method of Lyapunov and
the Linear Continuous-Time Autonomous
Systems, Aids to Finding Lyapunov Functions
for Nonlinear Continuous-Time Autonomous
Systems, Use of Lyapunov Functions to
Estimate Transients, The Direct Method of
Lyapunov and the Discrete-Time
Autonomous Systems.
Text1: Chapter 8: – 8.1 to 8.10 06 Hrs
UNIT 8:
Model Control: Introduction, Controllable and
Observable Companion Forms, The effect of
State Feedback on Controllability and
Observability, Pole Placement by State
Feedback, Full-Order Observers, Reduced-
Order Observers, Deadbeat Control by
State Feedback, Deadbeat Observers.
Text 1 : Chapter 9:– 9.1 to 9.9 06 Hrs
Text Book:
1. Modern Control System Theory – M.Gopal;
2nd Edition; New Age Int (P) Ltd. 2007
Refference Books:
1. Modern Control System – Richard Dorf &
Robert Bishop, PHI.
Modern Control Engineering- K.Ogata -PHI
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06EC667: Digital Systems Design Using
VHDL
PART-A
Unit 1
Introduction: VHDL description of
combinational networks, Modeling flip-flops
using VHDL, VHDL models for a multiplexer,
Compilation and simulation of VHDL code,
Modeling a sequential machine, Variables,
Signals and constants, Arrays, VHDL
operators, VHDL functions, VHDL
procedures, Packages and libraries, VHDL
model for a counter.
Text1: Chapter 2: 2.1 to 2.12 07 Hrs
Unit 2
Designing With Programmable Logic Devices:
Read-only memories, Programmable logic
arrays (PLAs), Programmable array logic
(PLAs), Other sequential programmable logic
devices (PLDs), Design of a keypad scanner.
Text 1: Chapter 3: 3.1 to 3.5 06 Hrs
Unit 3
Design Of Networks For Arithmetic
Operations: Design of a serial adder with
accumulator, State graphs for control
networks, Design of a binary multiplier,
Multiplication of signed binary numbers,
Design of a binary divider.
Text 1: Chapter 4: 4.1 to 4.5 06 Hrs
Unit 4
Digital Design with Sm Charts: State machine
charts, Derivation of SM charts, Realization of
SM charts. Implementation of the dice game,
Alternative realization for SM charts using
microprogramming, Linked state machines.
Text 1: Chapter 5: 5.1 to 5.6 07 Hrs
PART-B
Unit 5
Designing With Programmable Gate Arrays
And Complex Programmable Logic Devices:
Xlinx 3000 series FPGAs, Designing with
FPGAs, Xlinx 4000 series FPGAs, using a
one-hot state assignment, Altera complex
programmable logic devices (CPLDs), Altera
FELX 10K series COLDs.
Text 1: Chapter 6: 6.1 to 6.6 06 Hrs
Unit 6
Floating-Point Arithmetic: Representation of
floating-point numbers, Floating-point
multiplication, Other floating-point operations.
Text 1: Chapter 7: 7.1 to 7.3 07 Hrs
Unit 7
Additional Topics In VHDL: Attributes,
Transport and Inertial delays, Operator
overloading, Multivalued logic and signal
resolution, IEEE-1164 standard logic,
Generics, Generate statements, Synthesis of
VHDL code, Synthesis examples, Files and
Text IO.
Text1: Chapter 8: 8.1 to 8.10 07 Hrs
Unit 8
VHDL Models For Memories And Buses:
Static RAM, A simplified 486 bus model,
Interfacing memory to a microprocessor bus.
Text 1: Chapter 9: 9.1 to 9.3 07 Hrs
Text Books:
1. Charles H. Roth. Jr:, Digital Systems Desgin
using VHDL, Thomson Learning, Inc, 9th
reprint, 2006.
Reference Books:
1. Stephen Brwon & Zvonko Vranesic,
Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design with
VHDL, Tata McGrw-Hill, New Delhi, 2nd edn,
2007
2. Mark Zwolinski, Digital System Design
with VHDL, 2 edn, Pearson Edn., 2004
3. Volnei A Pedroni, Circuit Design with
VHDL. PHI, 2004
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