[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] I. Origin of Cellular Life a.

Age of Earth

Anatomy Notes Outline

b. Atmospheric Composition of Early Earth

c. Miller-Urey Apparatus

i. Design

ii. Results

d. Prokaryotic Cells

II.

Eukaryotic Cells a. Differences From Prokaryotes

b. Size and Surface Area

c. Major Components

i. Nucleus

ii. Cytoplasm

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[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] III. Organelles a. Diagram

Anatomy Notes Outline

b. Nucleus i. Nuclear Envelope ii. Nuclear Pores iii. Chromatin iv. Nucleolus

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[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] c. Ribosomes d. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum e. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum f. Golgi Apparatus

Anatomy Notes Outline

i. Pathway of Protein Synthesis g. Vacuoles h. Lysosomes Perioxisomes Cytoskeleton

i.

j.

k. Centrioles Mitochondria

l.

m. Chloroplasts

IV.

Differences in Plant Cells a. Three Differences

b. Cell Wall

c. Plasmodesmata

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[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] V. Cell Communication a. Tight Junctions

Anatomy Notes Outline

b. Desmosomes

c. Gap Junctions

VI.

Plasma Membrane Structure a. Phospholipids i. Hydrophobic ii. Hydrophilic iii. Bilayer

b. Fluid Mosaic Model i. Normal state of membranes

c. Cholesterol

VII.

Membrane Proteins a. Peripheral Proteins

b. Integral Proteins

c. Six Functions

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[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] VIII. Membrane Carbohydrates

Anatomy Notes Outline

IX.

Membrane Diagram

X.

Permeability a. Selectively Permeable

b. Nonpolar Molecules

c. Polar Molecules

XI.

Membrane Transport a. Diffusion

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[UNIT 2 EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY] b. Osmosis i. Isotonic Solution

Anatomy Notes Outline

ii. Hypertonic Solution

iii. Hypotonic Solution

c. Osmosis Effects on Animal and Plant Cells Saltwater Solution (Hypertonic) Animal Cell Isotonic Solution Distilled Water (Hypotonic)

Plant Cell

d. Facilitated Diffusion

i. Channel Proteins

ii. Carrier Proteins

e. Active Transport

i. ATP

f. Exocytosis

g. Endocytosis

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