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World History Enlightenment Thinkers Seek Reforms A Self-Study

Directions: Read the article Enlightenment Thinkers Seek Reforms and using this reading and your text, pages 600 - 606, answer the following questions. Be sure to answer in a different color font and to upload your assignment by the due date to Studywiz. 1. In a sentence, define the Age of Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment was the time where scientists and philosophers came and spread the knowledge of science. 2. List 5 major beliefs promoted by Thomas Hobbes and which also appear in his famous book, Leviathan. Five major beliefs promoted by Hobbes were: people acted out of self-interest, a strong ruler was needed to maintain order, without government to enforce laws there would be wars against every man, each state must be controlled by a sungle mind, and the rulers power shouldnt be deprived from God. 3. According to John Locke, what were the purposes of government? The purpose of government was to protect the natural rights of the citizens. 4. What major historical document incorporated many of the ideas of Locke? The Declaration of Independence incorporated many of Loches ideas 5. In a paragraph, explain how the Enlightenment philosophers felt about religion. The philosophers thought that human thought should be completely separate from any form of authority, such as religion and government. For this reason they rejected most every religion. Some of the philosophers were atheist, and most of them denied that there was a God. 6. Who were the philosophes and what did they believe was the best example of reforming? The philosophers were social critics. They believed that the best example of reforming was going against all the church offocials, and challenging the countries traditions. 7. Make a list of at least five major beliefs of most of the philosophes. Some of the major beliefs of the philosophes were the consideration of wars and persecutions to be unreasonable, no rational justification for religious fanaticism, people should be free to express what they were thinking, opposing of censorship by the Church or government, and the ability to choose your own religion.

8. What was the major theme in Voltaires great novel, Candide?

The major theme was to fight for tolerance. 9. What was the important principle proposed in Baron de Montesquieus The Spirit of laws and what great historical document included this principle? Seperation of powers was the most important principle of the book. 10. What was the Encyclopedie? Who was its editor and why was it so influential? The encyclopedia was was a huge book that was published by a large number of philosophers in France. It emphasized on science and technology. Denis Diderot was the chief editor. 11. How did the French government and the Roman Catholic Church react to the publication of the Encyclopedie? The church banned it for undermining the royal authority 12. What did philosophes think the cause of crime was? They thought the cause of the crime was humans not acting according to reason. 13. Differentiate between Jean-Jacques Rousseus civilized people and the noble savage. The people that live in a normal society were generally less happy than the people who live in the outdoors. The civilized people were insecure and selfish, unlike the people who live in the outdoors. 14. What was an enlightened despot (characteristics)? Who were the three best examples of enlightened despots? Enlightened despots were people that introduced reforms that reflected the spirit of enlightenment. The three best examples were Jeseph II, Fredrick II, and Catherine the Great. 15. What were womens roles in the Enlightenment period? They mainly held a supporting role. Some took part in the correspondence among the philosophes, and wrote descriptions of life.