Android

Android Application Development

(Chin-Feng Lai)
Assistant Professor, institute of CSIE, National Ilan University Nov. 10th 2011
2011 MMN Lab. All Rights Reserved

2011

Outline
Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

Android Application Layer

Android Application Layer

Activity manager
Manage the life cycle of applications

Content Provider
Share data between applications

Service
A Service is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the background and does not provide a user interface

Broadcast Intent Receiver

if the service does not also provide binding, the intent delivered with startService() is the only mode of communication between the application component and the service

Android Application Layer

Activity manager
Manage the life cycle of applications Activity Lifecycle
Activities in the system are managed as an activity stack. When a new activity is started, it is placed on the top of the stack and becomes the running activity Developers have to care about the implementation of each stage of lifecycle

Android Application Layer

Activity.class: public class Activity extends ApplicationContext { protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState); protected void onStart(); protected void onRestart(); protected void onResume(); protected void onPause(); protected void onStop(); } protected void onDestroy();

Activity Lifecycle

Android Application Layer

Activity Stack
Launch Activity 1 (By Home Launcher) Launch Activity 2 (By Activity 1) onStart Back to Activity 1 (Back button on Activity 2) onPause

Activity1
onStart

Activity2 Activity1
onPause

Activity2 Activity1
onRestart

onStop

onDestory

Activity2 Activity1
onStart

Activity2 Activity1
running

Activity1
onStop onDestory

Back to Home (Back button on Activity 1)

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Android Application Layer

Content Provider
Content providers store and retrieve data and make it accessible to all applications. The only way to share data across applications in android The accessible data like:
Contact , phone number , call logs , dictionary , etc

Android Application Layer

Content Provider
Content://com.android.example/appname/#<id>

ContentResolver Activity Services . . AndroidManifest.xml

<provider android:name=".example " android:authorities="com.android.example" ... >
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ContentProvider
Query() Insert() Delete() Update() ..

./data/data/.

Network

DataBase (sqlite3)

File

Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Since the development language of Android application is Java. Need a Java virtual machine for running application.
Content in Android Runtime
Core Libraries Dalvik Virtual Machine
Compile Java code to Dalvik Excutable (dex format) Run in dalvik VM

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Register-based virtual machine for efficient execution, not stack-based in traditional Java Managed by zygote , using fork() in linux kernel to create Each application has its own virtual machine for running

Compare traditional stack-based JVM with register-based JVM Before interpret A=B+C Stack-based ILOAD C ILOAD B IADD ISTORE A Register-based IADD A B C

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Advantages of register-based JVM
Reducing the data movement(constants stored in register) Reducing the number of instructions Reducing memory access times More real-time reactions More easier to implement optimization on computation than stack-based JVM

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Android Application Program Flow
AndroidManifest.xml R.java Java Compiler Java Class android.jar Resource res/* Java souce src/*

Dex Converter

Xml resource compilation + Other resource pre-process

Dalvik dex ApK Builder Android APK

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Jar to Dex
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Dalvik Virtual Machine

Zygote Fork
APP dex Heap
Structure

Core library Dex file Zygote Heap Dex Structure

APP dex Heap

Structure

Core library Dex file Zygote Heap Dex Structure

Daemons usdb adbd debuggerd rlid

zygote Service Manager runtime Fork() Zygote Fork()

zygote

Core library Dex file Zygote Heap Dex Structure

init Binder Driver Kernel

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zygote

Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

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Android Development Environment

Operating System
Windows Linux Mac OS X

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Android Development Environment

Development tools
Java JDK5 or JDK6 Eclipse IDE Eclipse ADT Android SDK
Using emulator to debug first

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Android Development Environment

Android Emulator
Included in Android SDK Using QEMU emulator
QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer. QEMU can run OSes and programs made for one machine (e.g. an ARM board) on a different machine (e.g. your own PC). Emulate the hardware and software behaviors

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Android Development Environment

Android Emulator
Hardwares emulate:
ARM926ej-S CPU MMC Keyboard USB Framebuffer TTY driver NAND FLASH

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Android Development Environment

Development tools on Linux Ubuntu:
Install java jdk
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk

Install Android SDK

http://dl.google.com/android/installer_r20.0.3-windows.exe

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Android Development Environment

Development tools on Linux Ubuntu:
Install eclipse IDE
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

Install eclipse ADT(Android Development Tools)

Using software update in eclipse and type: http://developer.android.com/intl/zh-TW/tools/sdk/eclipse-adt.html

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Android Development Environment

Install ADT in eclipse

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Android Development Environment

Set the Android SDK path in eclipse
Tool bar>>Windows>>Preferences>>Android

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Android Development Environment

AVD
Windows>>Android SDK and AVD Manager

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Android Development Environment

In eclipse, File >> New >> Android Project And start your Android trip!

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Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

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Android application source layout

What do we have to concern about an android project ?
Java class (src) xml of Android layout (res) Jar of Android version (android sdk) AndroidManifest.xml
Permissions of activities Services in application

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Android application source layout

Java code

SDK version

Layout file

Activity definition
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Android application source layout

AndroidManifest.xml
The manifest presents essential information about the application to the Android system
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android package="com.demo.android.mmn android:versionCode="1 android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon"> <activity android:name=".mmn" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="X" /> </manifest> Useful reference: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html
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Android application source layout

Resource (res)
drawable, layout, vaule
Layout define the locations of each UI components There are five layout used in Android Absolute Layout Linear Layout Relative Layout Frame Layout Table Layout

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Android application source layout

Resource (res) - layout

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Android application source layout

Hierarchy Viewer
must connect your device or launch an emulator <sdk>/tools/hierarchyviewer.bat
View Hierarchy Pixel perfect view

Current visible activity

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Android application source layout

Hierarchy Viewer
Pixel perfect view

Pixel perfect view

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Android application source layout

Hierarchy Viewer
Pixel perfect view

View Hierarchy

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Android application source layout

Resource (res) - vaule

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name=mmn">how are you mad</string> <string name=mmn1"> how are you diemno</string> <string name=mmn2"> how are you diousk</string> </resources>

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Android application source layout

Gen generated Java File
R.java
package com.demo.android.bmi; public final class R { public static final class string { public static final int height=0x7f050000; public static final int report_back=0x7f050005; public static final int result=0x7f050003; public static final int submit=0x7f050002; public static final int suggest=0x7f050004; public static final int weight=0x7f050001; } }

Java Source code

view_result.setText(getString(R.string.weight)

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Android application source layout

Any View object may have an integer ID associated with it
The plus-symbol (+) means that this is a new resource name that must be created and added to our resources android:id="@+id/my_button"

There are a number of other ID resources that are offered by the Android framework. When referencing an Android resource ID, you do not need the plus-symbol, but must add the android package namespace android:id="@android:id/empty"

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Android application source layout

Absolute Layout
Absolute Layout is based on the simple idea of placing each control at an absolute position.(deprecated!)

<AbsoluteLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:id="@+id/backbutton" android:text="Back" android:layout_x="10px" android:layout_y="5px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </AbsoluteLayout>

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Android application source layout

FrameLayout
FrameLayout is designed to display a single item at a time. The item will be display on the top left of the UI layout by default

<FrameLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <TextView android:text="Learn-Android.com" android:textSize="24sp" android:textColor="#000000" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:gravity="center"/> </FrameLayout>

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Android application source layout

Linear Layout
Linear layout organizes elements along a single line ( vertical or horizontal).

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:id="@+id/backbutton" android:text="Back" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:text="First Name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout>

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Android application source layout

Linear Layout

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:orientation=vertical"

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Android application source layout

Relative Layout
Relative Layout lays out elements based on their relationships with one another by their IDs.

<RelativeLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <Button android:id="@+id/backbutton" android:text="Back" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/firstName" android:text="First Name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/backbutton" /> </RelativeLayout>

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Android application source layout

TableLayout
Table Layout organizes content into rows and columns. The rows are defined in the layout XML, and the columns are determined automatically by Android.
<TableLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <TableRow> <Button android:id="@+id/backbutton" android:text="Back" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> <TextView android:text="First Name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_column="1" /> <EditText android:width="100px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>

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Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android application source layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

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Android Debug Tools

Android SDK

There are a set of debug tools in android SDK, Tool is located on platform-tool and tools directory.
Android Debug Bridge(ADB)
a versatile command line tool that lets you communicate with an emulator instance or connected Android-powered device. It is a client-server program.

Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS)

provides port-forwarding services, screen capture on the device, thread and heap information on the device, logcat, process, and radio state information

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Android Debug Tools

Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile command line tool that lets you communicate with an emulator instance or connected Android-powered device. adb tool in <sdk>/platform-tools/
Shell mode
Opan cmd on window C:\android-sdk_r11-windows\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools>adb shell

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Android Debug Tools

adb tool in <sdk>/platform-tools/
Install android application (APK)
$ adb install <path_to_apk> -r (recover)and f (force)

communicate PC with android device

adb pull <remote> <local> adb push <local> <remote>
EX: adb push mmn.txt adb pull /temp/mmn.txt /temp/mmn.txt mmn.txt

Show some service information

adb shell dumpsys SurfaceFlinger adb shell dumpsys battery adb shell dumphys betteryinfo

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Android Debug Tools

Android Debug Bridge(ADB) other command
When android devices connected or emulators started
$cd <android_SDK_path>/platform-tools

$./adb devices #list detected devices $./adb root #change root Permissions $./adb remount #remount system $./adb kill-server #end adb $./adb forward tcp:x tcp:x #port forward

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Android Debug Tools

Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS)
DDMS is integrated into Eclipse and is also shipped in the tools/ directory of the SDK
From Eclipse: Click Window > Open Perspective > Other... > DDMS. From the command line: Type ddms (or ./ddms on Mac/Linux) from the tools/ directory.

Viewing heap usage for a process Tracking memory allocation of objects Working with an emulator or device's file system Examining thread information Starting method profiling LogCat information

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Android Debug Tools

Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS)
Click to start in eclipse Applications run in android Screen Capture

logcat

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Android Debug Tools

Useful Reference
http://developer.android.com/guide/index.html

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Android Application Layer Dalvik Virtual Machine Android Development Environment Android Application Layout Android Debug Tools LAB : Program & Run Android apk on devkit8000

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Lab files
eclipse_linux.tgz
Eclipse IDE with ADT for Linux

android_sdk.tgz
Android SDK

mmn_apk.tgz
Android application to be modified

Step1.Set the Development Environment

Uncompressing the lab files Change to eclipse folder , revise the qq.sh file with correct path to eclipse binary file
$cd eclipse/eclipse $vim qq.sh (revise as /home/mmn/Downloads/lab9/eclipse/eclipse/eclipse) $sh qq.sh (start eclipse)

Set the workspace path , it will create the folder automatically

Step2. Set the Android SDK path in eclipse

Step3.Import mmn apk source

Import mmn apk source
Toolbar >> File >> Import >> General >>Existing >> Next >>Browse

Step3.Import facedetecttest.apk source

Step4.Complete the Apk

Complete the source code (eclipse)
mmn>>src>>mmm.com.tw>>facedetecttest.java
Create the rest ClickListener function of buttons Button : NextPreviousExit

Face Detection API

Face Detection API are defined in SDK
Class FaceDetector
findFaces(Bitmap bitmap, Face[] faces)

bitmap: to be processed (already initiated in the code) faces: stored the detected faces (already initiated in the code) Class FaceDetector.Face
float confidence ()
The confidence factor between 0 and 1

float eyesDistance () void getMidPoint (PointF point) float pose (int euler)
the Euler axis to retrieve an angle from (EULER_X, EULER_Y or EULER_Z)

Step4.Complete the Apk

facedetecttest.java
Set NextPrevious button

Step4.Complete the Apk

facedetecttest.java
Set button action

Step4.Complete the Apk

facedetecttest.java
Find face in the picture

Step4.Complete the Apk

facedetecttest.java
Draw the rectangle on face

Step5.Test the apk

After modification , right click on your project >> Run as >> android application to test on android emulator

Step6.Run Apk on devkit8000

In /home/mmn/Downloads/lab9/facedetecttest/bin , you can find out the facedetecttest.apk . Copy the apk file to <android_fs>/system/app/ Run your apk on devkit8000 and start apk!
Note: if the apk is updated , you have to restart booting devkit8000, or the system wont update it