VERB

I. Types of Verbs
Before you begin the verb tense lessons, it is extremely important to understand that NOT all English verbs are the same. English verbs are divided into three groups: Normal Verbs, Non-Continuous Verbs, and Mixed Verbs.

Group I: Normal Verbs

Most verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. Ex: to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc. These verbs can be used in all tenses. Examples: I eat dinner every day. I am eating dinner now.

Group II: Non-Continuous Verbs (dong tu khong co dang tiep dien)

The second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include: Abstract Verbs (dong tu triu tuong) to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist... Possession Verbs (dong tu chi nghia so huu) to possess, to own, to belong... Emotion Verbs (dong tu chi trang thai tinh cam) to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind... Examples: He is needing help now. Not Correct He needs help now. Correct

 He is wanting a drink now. Not Correct He wants a drink now. Correct

Group III: Mixed Verbs

The third group, called "Mixed Verbs," is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one meaning. Some meanings behave like "Non-Continuous Verbs," while other meanings behave like "Normal Verbs." (nhung dong tu nay co the mang nhieu nghia: nghia 1, nghia 2 ,v.v.. Trong so do, voi 1 nghia nay dong tu duoc su dung nhu 1 NonContinuous Verb nhung voi nghia kia dong tu duoc su dung nhu la 1 Normal Verb) Ex: to appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh... * List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions: to appear: Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous Verb Donna seems confused. (appear = seem) My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal Verb My favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight. (appear= give a performance) to have: I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb I possess a dollar. (have = possess) I am having fun now. Normal Verb I am experiencing fun now. (have = experience) to hear: She hears the music. Non-Continuous Verb She hears the music with her ears. (hear = nghe thay) She is hearing voices. Normal Verb She hears something others cannot hear. She is hearing voices in her mind. (hear = thay nhung am thanh ma nguoi khac ko the nghe thay duoc) to look: Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb She seems tired. (look = seem) Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb She is looking with her eyes. (look= watch)

to miss: John misses Sally. Non-Continuous Verb He is sad because she is not there. (miss = always think of) Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal Verb (miss= do not wacth) to see: I see her. Non-Continuous Verb I see her with my eyes. (see = look at) I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb I am visiting or consulting with a doctor. (see = visit (Also used with dentist and lawyer.)) I am seeing her. Normal Verb I am having a relationship with her.(see= have a relationship) He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal Verb He sees something others cannot see. For example ghosts, aura, a vision of the future, etc. (see = nhin thay nhung vat ma nguoi khac ko nhin thay duoc) to smell: The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb The coffee has a good smell. ? I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb I am sniffing the flowers to see what their smell is like. to taste: The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous Verb The coffee has a good taste. I am tasting the cake. Normal Verb I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like. to think: He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb He considers the test to be easy. She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb She is pondering the question, going over it in her mind. to weigh: The table weighs a lot. Non-Continuous Verb The table is heavy.

 She is weighing herself. Normal Verb She is determining her weight. Some Verbs Can Be Especially Confusing: to be: Joe is American. Non-Continuous Verb Joe is an American citizen. Joe is being very American. Normal Verb Joe is behaving like a stereotypical American. Joe is being very rude. Normal Verb Joe is behaving very rudely. Usually he is not rude. Joe is being very formal. Normal Verb Joe is behaving very formally. Usually he is not formal. NOTICE: Only rarely is "to be" used in a continuous form. This is most commonly done when a person is temporarily behaving badly or stereotypically. It can also be used when someone's behavior is noticeably different. to feel: The massage feels great. Non-Continuous Verb The massage has a pleasing feeling. I don't feel well today. Sometimes used as Non-Continuous Verb I am a little sick. I am not feeling well today. Sometimes used as Normal Verb I am a little sick. NOTICE: The second meaning of "feel" is very flexible and there is no real difference in meaning between "I don't feel well today" and "I am not feeling well today."

II. English verb form

There are theoretically 6 forms of the verb in English: We like pizza I eat pizza I am/ they are hungry. He likes pizza. She eats pizza. He is hungry.

("no-s" form)

(simple present)

Vs

("s"-form)

Ved

("past" form)

They liked pizza. She ate pizza. He was/they were hungry. like eat be liking eating being liked eaten been

(simple past)

(simple or "dictionary" form) ( "-ing form" or present participle) ( past participle)

Ving

(lun i hi c 1 tr t ng trc) Ex: he may like you I am eating I have been there

Vpp

III. Regular Verb & Irregular Verb

For most verbs the "no-s" form and the simple form are identical (= similar) in form. All verbs form the "s-form" and the "ing-form" derive predictably from this simple form. However, what about the past form and past participle form? Are they all the same? The answer is no. With past form and past participle form, verbs are divided into two kinds: Regular verb & irregular verb. For "regular" verbs, the past and past participle forms are the same, and are formed by adding "ed" to the simple form. For irregular verb, the past and the past participle are not identical. For these verbs, there are, in fact, three forms: the simple form * * the past form * * the past participle

Below are the list of all irregular verbs with their three forms
A Infinitive arise Simple Past arose Past Participle arisen

awake B backslide be bear beat become begin bend bet bid (farewell) bid (offer amount) bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast

awakened / awoke

awakened / awoken

backslid was, were bore beat became began bent bet / betted bid / bade bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast / broadcasted

backslidden / backslid been born / borne beaten / beat become begun bent bet / betted bidden bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast / broadcasted

browbeat build burn burst bust buy C cast catch choose cling clothe come cost creep crossbreed cut D daydream deal

browbeat built burned / burnt burst busted / bust bought

browbeaten / browbeat built burned / burnt burst busted / bust bought

cast caught chose clung clothed / clad came cost crept crossbred cut

cast caught chosen clung clothed / clad come cost crept crossbred cut

daydreamed / daydreamt dealt

daydreamed / daydreamt dealt

dig disprove dive (jump head-first) dive (scuba diving) do draw dream drink drive dwell E eat F fall feed feel fight find fit (tailor, change size) fit (be right size)

dug disproved dove / dived dived / dove did drew dreamed / dreamt drank drove dwelt / dwelled

dug disproved / disproven dived dived done drawn dreamed / dreamt drunk driven dwelt / dwelled

ate

eaten

fell fed felt fought found fitted / fit fit / fitted

fallen fed felt fought found fitted / fit fit / fitted

flee fling fly forbid forecast forego (also forgo) foresee foretell forget forgive forsake freeze frostbite G get give go grind grow H

fled flung flew forbade forecast forewent foresaw foretold forgot forgave forsook froze frostbit

fled flung flown forbidden forecast foregone foreseen foretold forgotten / forgot forgiven forsaken frozen frostbitten

got gave went ground grew

gotten / got given gone ground grown

hand-feed handwrite hang have hear hew hide hit hold hurt I inbreed inlay input interbreed interweave interwind J jerry-build K

hand-fed handwrote hung had heard hewed hid hit held hurt

hand-fed handwritten hung had heard hewn / hewed hidden hit held hurt

inbred inlaid input / inputted interbred interwove / interweaved interwound

inbred inlaid input / inputted interbred interwoven / interweaved interwound

jerry-built

jerry-built

keep kneel knit know L lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie lie (not tell truth) REGULAR light lip-read lose M make

kept knelt / kneeled knitted / knit knew

kept knelt / kneeled knitted / knit known

laid led leaned / leant leaped / leapt learned / learnt left lent let lay lied lit / lighted lip-read lost

laid led leaned / leant leaped / leapt learned / learnt left lent let lain lied lit / lighted lip-read lost

made

made

mean meet miscast misdeal misdo mishear mislay mislead mislearn misread misset misspeak misspell misspend mistake misteach misunderstand miswrite mow N

meant met miscast misdealt misdid misheard mislaid misled mislearned / mislearnt misread misset misspoke misspelled / misspelt misspent mistook mistaught misunderstood miswrote mowed

meant met miscast misdealt misdone misheard mislaid misled mislearned / mislearnt misread misset misspoken misspelled / misspelt misspent mistaken mistaught misunderstood miswritten mowed / mown

No irregular verbs beginning with "N." O offset outbid outbreed outdo outdraw outdrink outdrive outfight outfly outgrow outleap outlie (not tell truth) REGULAR outride outrun outsell outshine outshoot outsing offset outbid outbred outdid outdrew outdrank outdrove outfought outflew outgrew outleaped / outleapt outlied outrode outran outsold outshined / outshone outshot outsang offset outbid outbred outdone outdrawn outdrunk outdriven outfought outflown outgrown outleaped / outleapt outlied outridden outrun outsold outshined / outshone outshot outsung

outsit outsleep outsmell outspeak outspeed outspend outswear outswim outthink outthrow outwrite overbid overbreed overbuild overbuy overcome overdo overdraw overdrink overeat

outsat outslept outsmelled / outsmelt outspoke outsped outspent outswore outswam outthought outthrew outwrote overbid overbred overbuilt overbought overcame overdid overdrew overdrank overate

outsat outslept outsmelled / outsmelt outspoken outsped outspent outsworn outswum outthought outthrown outwritten overbid overbred overbuilt overbought overcome overdone overdrawn overdrunk overeaten

overfeed overhang overhear overlay overpay override overrun oversee oversell oversew overshoot oversleep overspeak overspend overspill overtake overthink overthrow overwind overwrite

overfed overhung overheard overlaid overpaid overrode overran oversaw oversold oversewed overshot overslept overspoke overspent overspilled / overspilt overtook overthought overthrew overwound overwrote

overfed overhung overheard overlaid overpaid overridden overrun overseen oversold oversewn / oversewed overshot overslept overspoken overspent overspilled / overspilt overtaken overthought overthrown overwound overwritten

P partake pay plead prebuild predo premake prepay presell preset preshrink proofread prove put Q quick-freeze quit R read reawake read (sounds like "red") reawoke read (sounds like "red") reawaken quick-froze quit / quitted quick-frozen quit / quitted partook paid pleaded / pled prebuilt predid premade prepaid presold preset preshrank proofread proved put partaken paid pleaded / pled prebuilt predone premade prepaid presold preset preshrunk proofread proven / proved put

rebid rebind rebroadcast rebuild recast recut redeal redo redraw refit (replace parts) refit (retailor) regrind regrow rehang rehear reknit relay (for example tiles) relay (pass along) REGULAR relearn

rebid rebound rebroadcast / rebroadcasted rebuilt recast recut redealt redid redrew refit / refitted refitted / refit reground regrew rehung reheard reknitted / reknit relaid relayed relearned / relearnt

rebid rebound rebroadcast / rebroadcasted rebuilt recast recut redealt redone redrawn refit / refitted refitted / refit reground regrown rehung reheard reknitted / reknit relaid relayed relearned / relearnt

relight remake repay reread rerun resell resend reset resew retake reteach retear retell rethink retread retrofit rewake rewear reweave rewed

relit / relighted remade repaid reread reran resold resent reset resewed retook retaught retore retold rethought retread retrofitted / retrofit rewoke / rewaked rewore rewove / reweaved rewed / rewedded

relit / relighted remade repaid reread rerun resold resent reset resewn / resewed retaken retaught retorn retold rethought retread retrofitted / retrofit rewaken / rewaked reworn rewoven / reweaved rewed / rewedded

rewet rewin rewind rewrite rid ride ring rise roughcast run S sand-cast saw say see seek sell send set sew

rewet / rewetted rewon rewound rewrote rid rode rang rose roughcast ran

rewet / rewetted rewon rewound rewritten rid ridden rung risen roughcast run

sand-cast sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed

sand-cast sawed / sawn said seen sought sold sent set sewn / sewed

shake shave shear shed shine shit shoot show shrink shut sight-read sing sink sit slay (kill) slay (amuse) REGULAR sleep slide sling slink

shook shaved sheared shed shined / shone shit / shat / shitted shot showed shrank / shrunk shut sight-read sang sank / sunk sat slew / slayed slayed slept slid slung slinked / slunk

shaken shaved / shaven sheared / shorn shed shined / shone shit/ shat / shitted shot shown / showed shrunk shut sight-read sung sunk sat slain / slayed slayed slept slid slung slinked / slunk

slit smell sneak sow speak speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spoon-feed spread spring stand steal stick sting

slit smelled / smelt sneaked / snuck sowed spoke sped / speeded spelled / spelt spent spilled / spilt spun spit / spat split spoiled / spoilt spoon-fed spread sprang / sprung stood stole stuck stung

slit smelled / smelt sneaked / snuck sown / sowed spoken sped / speeded spelled / spelt spent spilled / spilt spun spit / spat split spoiled / spoilt spoon-fed spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung

stink strew stride strike (delete) strike (hit) string strive sublet sunburn swear sweat sweep swell swim swing T take teach tear telecast

stunk / stank strewed strode struck struck strung strove / strived sublet sunburned / sunburnt swore sweat / sweated swept swelled swam swung

stunk strewn / strewed stridden stricken struck / stricken strung striven / strived sublet sunburned / sunburnt sworn sweat / sweated swept swollen / swelled swum swung

took taught tore telecast

taken taught torn telecast

tell test-drive test-fly think throw thrust tread typecast typeset typewrite U unbend unbind unclothe underbid undercut underfeed undergo underlie undersell

told test-drove test-flew thought threw thrust trod typecast typeset typewrote

told test-driven test-flown thought thrown thrust trodden / trod typecast typeset typewritten

unbent unbound unclothed / unclad underbid undercut underfed underwent underlay undersold

unbent unbound unclothed / unclad underbid undercut underfed undergone underlain undersold

underspend understand undertake underwrite undo unfreeze unhang unhide unknit unlearn unsew unsling unspin unstick unstring unweave unwind uphold upset V

underspent understood undertook underwrote undid unfroze unhung unhid unknitted / unknit unlearned / unlearnt unsewed unslung unspun unstuck unstrung unwove / unweaved unwound upheld upset

underspent understood undertaken underwritten undone unfrozen unhung unhidden unknitted / unknit unlearned / unlearnt unsewn / unsewed unslung unspun unstuck unstrung unwoven / unweaved unwound upheld upset

No commonly used irregular verbs beginning with "V."

W wake waylay wear weave wed weep wet whet REGULAR win wind withdraw withhold withstand wring write X woke / waked waylaid wore wove / weaved wed / wedded wept wet / wetted whetted won wound withdrew withheld withstood wrung wrote woken / waked waylaid worn woven / weaved wed / wedded wept wet / wetted whetted won wound withdrawn withheld withstood wrung written

IV. English verb TENSES (th)

There are three times that can be indicated by verb tenses in English present (or "non-past" -- the "default" time) past future These times refer to the relationship of the "story" to the speaker (or writer). There are three "aspects" that can be expressed: simple: n gin (the "default" aspect -- the time of focus) perfect: hon thnh (completion -- before the time of focus) progressive: tip din (or continuous) (duration -- in progress at the time of focus These three times and three aspects (four, including perfect progressive : (hon thnh tip din) can be combined to express 9 (or 12) verb tenses (except *): Time present Aspect simple Tense Simple present S+ V s-form or V no sform Example I like chicken (V no s-form) He loves traveling (V s-form) They are playing football He has got married He has been living here for a long time I went to London last year They were sitting there when the accident happened They had left there for 6 years before I came Chef Jones had been preparing the

present present present past past past past

progressiv e perfect perfect + progressiv e simple progressiv e perfect perfect + progressiv

Present progressive Present perfect Present perfect progressive Simple past Past progressive Past perfect Past perfect progressive

S+ am/ is/ are+ Ving (ing- form) S+ have/ has+ Vpp ( past participle) S +have/ has +been + Vpp (ing-form) S+ Ved (past form) S+ was/ were + Ving (ing-form) S + had+ Vpp ( past participle) S + had + been + Ving (ing form)

future * Future future future

simple --progressiv e perfect

Simple future Near future Future progressive Future perfect (will/shall) Future perfect progressive

S + will/ shall+ V(simple or "dictionary" form) S+ am/ is/ are+ going to + V (simple or "dictionary" form) S+ will/ shall+ be+ Ving (ing-form) S+ will/ shall + have + Vpp ( past participle) S + will/ shall + have + been + Vpp (past participle)

restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris She will come here tomorrow She is going to visit your house I will be waiting for you when you come They will have completed the project before the deadline The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.

future

Perfect+ progressiv e

Note: The verb tense is also affected by the meaning of individual verbs (lexical aspect), by time expressions, and psychological factors, but the basic idea is as described above.

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