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Albert Polman
Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLF Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ewold Verhagen, Maarten Hebbink Claire van Lare, Rene de Waele Marc Verschuuren Ruud Schropp Hongbo Li
AMOLF Utrecht University Philips Research UNSW ANU
CALTECH
Black dots: area of solar panels needed to generate all of the worlds energy
assuming 8% efficient photovoltaics
Light scattering
Rayleigh scattering from point dipole Scattering from point dipole above a substrate
4 % Preferential
96 %
Goal: Increased efficiency - IR absorption (higher Isc) - carrier collection (higher Voc) and/or Reduced thickness (=cost)
FDTD calculations
dipole cylinder hemisphere sphere 100nm sphere 150nm 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) 750 800
Fraction scattered into substrate highest for cylinder & hemisphere:strongest near-field coupling Ohmic damping V, scattering V2, Tradeoff: larger size more scattering, but lower coupling Kylie Catchpole Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 191113 (2008), Opt. Expr. 16, 21793 (2008)
30 nm
30nm
tot sub
Kylie Catchpole Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 191113 (2008), Opt. Expr. 16, 21793 (2008)
30 x
10 sphere 100nm sphere 150nm
cylinder
(A=0.90)
(A=0.95)
1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 fraction into substrate 1
Kylie Catchpole Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 191113 (2008), Opt. Expr. 16, 21793 (2008)
30 nm 100 m
c-Si
SiO2
c-Si
TiO2
Si3N4 SiO2
front
SiO2 TiO2
back
back front
SiO2 SiO2 Si3N4 TiO2 Si3N4
(c)
(d)
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
500nm
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
1m
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
Current-Voltage measurements
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
51% increase in photocurrent from 600 800 nm no decrease in performance from 400-600 nm
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
Calculation of light absorption using finite-difference time-domain simulation Carrier collection assumed depth independent
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)
Vivian Ferry, Marc Verschuuren Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, in press (2009)