Name: Kathleen Faith C.

Briones Co-worker: Joan Liezl Lamasan

Date Performed: July 19, 2012 Date Due: July 26, 2012

Experiment 3 ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Determination of Purity of Potassium Acid Pthalate I. Objectives: Perform an acid-base titration Determine the relative amount of acid and base in the solution Standardize the sodium hydroxide with potassium acid phthalate Determine the purity of the potassium acid phthalate sample using titrimetric procedures

II.

Data and Observations: Table 1. Measurement of the Relative Strengths of Acid and Base

Trials Final Reading HCl Initial Reading HCl Volume HCl used

(ml) (ml) (ml)

I 28.00 8.02 19.98 20.5 0.21 20.29 1.02

II 42.56 22.55 20.01 40.54 19.65 20.89 1.04 1.03 0.96 0.97

III 38.10 18.09 20.01 31.00 10.62 20.38 1.02

Final Reading NaOH (ml) Initial Reading NaOH (ml) Volume NaOH used (ml) Acid to Base Ratio Average acid/base ratio Base to Acid Ratio Average base/acid ratio

0.98

0.98

Table 1 shows the amounts of HCl used and the corresponding amounts of NaOH needed to achieve the end point; in this case, the very light pink coloration in the solution. The acid to base and base to acid ratios were also computed. Table 2.1. Back Titrations Trials Final Reading HCl (ml) Initial Reading HCl (ml) Volume HCl used (ml) Final Reading NaOH (ml) I 10.00 0.01 9.09 20.15 II 20.01 10.00 10.01 40.15 III 30.09 20.01 10.08 49.29

Initial Reading NaOH (ml) Volume NaOH used (ml) Table 2.2. Back Titration Proper Trials Final Reading HCl (ml) Initial Reading HCl (ml) Volume HCl used (ml) Final Reading NaOH (ml) Initial Reading NaOH (ml) Volume NaOH used (ml) Excess NaOH added (ml) Volume NaOH to correct endpoint (ml)

0.31 19.84

20.15 20.00

29.24 20.05

I 39.68 30.09 9.59 41.1 41.01 0.09 9.88 9.96

II 49.30 39.68 9.62 41.12 41.10 0.02 9.91 10.09

III 43.20 33.71 9.49 41.15 41.12 0.03 9.77 10.28

Table 3. Standardization of Sodium Hydroxide Primary Standard used: KHP Formula Mass of Primary Standard: 204.2 g/mol % Purity of Primary Standard: 99.9% Trials Mass of sample (g) Final Reading NaOH (ml) Initial Reading NaOH (ml) Volume NaOH used (ml) Molarity of NaOH Average Molarity of NaOH I 0.2756 30.75 16.50 14.25 0.0947 II 0.2458 43.3 30.75 12.55 0.0959 0.0953 III 0.2200 35.3 24.0 11.3 0.0953

Table 3 shows the data obtained from the standardization of NaOH. In this experiment, the titrant to be standardized was used to titrate a weighed amount of a primary standard. In this case, the volumetric solution was NaOH while the primary standard that was used was KHP. Also, the molarity of NaOH in every trial was calculated and finally, the average molarity of the three trials. Table 4. Analysis of KHP Sample Trials Mass of KHP sample (g) Final Reading NaOH (ml) Initial Reading NaOH (ml) I 0.2016 5.71 1.03 II 0.2115 10.8 7.71 III 0.2332 16.5 10.8

Volume NaOH used

(ml)

4.68 0.0911 45.1885

5.09 0.0991 46.8558 46.533 %

5.7 0.1109 47.5557

g KHP in sample % KHP in sample Average % KHP in sample

Table 4 shows the data for the actual amount of KHP in the samples. III. Calculations: A. Measurement of the Relative Strengths of Acid and Base Acid to base ratio = Trial 1 Acid to base ratio = Trial 2 Acid to base ratio = Trial 3 Acid to base ratio =

= 1.02

= 1.04

= 1.02

Base to acid ratio = Trial 1 Base to acid ratio = Trial 2 Base to acid ratio = Trial 3 Base to acid ratio =

= 1.03

= 0.98

= 0.96

= 0.98 = 0.97

B. Back Titrations Excess NaOH Added and Volume of NaOH to Correct Endpoint: VolNaOHexcess = VHCl in back titration X VolNaOHcorrected = VNaOH - VNaOHexcess Trial 1 VolNaOHexcess = 9.59 mL HCl x = 9.88 mL

VolNaOHcorrected = 19.84 mL 9.88 mL = 9.96 mL Trial 2 VolNaOHexcess = 9.62 mL HCL x = 9.91 mL

VolNaOHcorrected = 20.00 mL 9.91 mL = 10.09 mL Trial 3 VolNaOHexcess = 9.49 mL HCl x = 9.77 mL

VolNaOHcorrected = 20.05 mL 9.77 mL = 10.28 mL C. Standardization of Sodium Hydroxide Molarity of NaOH MNaOH = Trial 1 MNaOH = Trial 2 MNaOH = Trial 3 MNaOH = = = 0.0953 M = 0.0953 M = 0.0959 M = 0.0947 M

D. Analysis of KHP sample g KHP = FW KHP (MNaOH * VNaOH) % KHP = Trial 1 g KHP = 204.2 g/mol (0.0953 mol/L * 0.00468 L NaOH) = 0.0911 g KHP % KHP = x 100% = 45.1885 % Trial 2 g KHP = 204.2 g/mol (0.0953 mol/L * 0.00509 L NaOH) = 0.0991 g KHP % KHP = x 100% = 46.8558 % Trial 3 g KHP = 204.2 g/mol (0.0953 mol/L * 0.00570 L NaOH) = 0.1109 g KHP % KHP = IV. Conclusion Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method = x 100% = 47. 5557 % = 46.533%

of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte. This particular technique allows us to compare the samples on standard materials of accurately known composition. Through titration, we have standardized NaOH and determined the actual amount of KHP in the given samples in the experiment. Titration is a very important procedure where we can verify the quality and quantity of the components of the samples.