Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preparation of Beejamrutha
Cow dung
Cow urine
Lime water
Water Soil
Preparation of Jeevamrutha
Soil Water
Preparation of Panchagavya
Ghee Jaggery Cow urine
Curd
Cow dung
Banana Coconut
Milk
16 9.33 6.3
36 3.60 20.00
Samples Jeevamrutha Jaggery Flour Cow dung (desi) Cow urine (desi)
Content in Per cent N 1.40 0.84 1.47 0.70 1.67 P K pH 4.92 6.37 6.70 8.08 8.16 Mn 46 9.1 12.6 9.33 6.3 Cu 51 28.80 12.40 3.60 20.00 0.104 0.084 0.209 0.290 0.622 0.910 0.285 0.231 0.112 2.544
Micro nutrients contents of beejamrutha and jeevamrutha Content in ppm Nutrient Zn Cu Mn Fe Beejamurtha (fresh) 18 36 16 168 Jeevamrutha (7 days old) 12 51 46 318
Copper and manganese content of jeevamrutha Content in ppm Cu 51.00 35.70 25.20 16.00 Mn 46.00 26.10 15.10 13.60
Bacteria
Fungi
Actinomycetes
Microorganisms Bacteria (105) Fungi (104) Actinomycetes (103) N- fixers (103) P- solubilizers (103)
Microbial studies
Highest colony forming units (CFUs) of microbes in beejamrutha were recorded on first day after preparation (DAP)
Bacterial count (mostly N fixers) was almost double than cow dung Actinomycetes Fungi, actinomycetes, N-fixers and P-solublisers count was less than cow dung
Highest colony forming units (CFUs) of microbes in jeevamrutha were recorded between 9th to 12th DAP Maximum bacterial and N-fixers observed at 11th and 12th DAP count was N-fixers
P-solubilisers
600
500
Bacteria (x 105) Fungi (x 104) Actinomycetes (x 103) N-fixers (x 103) P-solubilisers (x 103)
400
300
200
100
0 1 2
Fig 5. Microbial population of beejamrutha at different Fig 1. Microbial population of beejamrutha at different days after preparation days after preperation
Bacteria (x 105) Fungi (x 104) Actinomycetes (x 103) N-fixers (x 103) P-solubilisers (x 103)
MicrobialFig. 4. Microbial populaton of jeevamrutha at different afterafter population of jeevamrutha at different days days preparation
preperation
1200
1000
800
600
s U F C
400 200 0
h t 0 h t 5 h t 6 h t 7 h t 8 h t 9 h t 0 1 h t 1 h t 2 1 h t 3 1 h t 4 1 h t 5 1 h t 6 1 h t 7 1 h t 8 1 h t 9 1 t s 0 2 d n 1 2 d n 2 d r 3 2 h t 4 2 h t 5 2 h t 6 2 h t 7 2 h t 8 2 h t 9 2 h t 0 3
DAYS
Seedling treatment
Beejamrutha
Panchagavya
Cow urine
Biofertilizers
Application of jeevamrutha
Seasons
70 60 50 40 30
a h / q d l e i Y
Seasons
a h / q d l e i Y
Seasons
Without With
Seasons
50
40
30
a h / q d l e i Y
20
10
Yield % (Q/ha) increase 6.35 7.41 7.51 8.05 8.00 16.73 18.34 26.77 25.97
Sl No 1 2 3 4 5
Yield % (Q / ha) increase 4.27 4.92 5.08 5.43 6.00 15.38 18.92 27.29 40.63
Grain yield (q / ha) With Panchagavya Without With Panchagavya Without 48.7 45.8 6.3 50.8 46.8 8.6 45.4 40.4 12.4 -
Straw yield (q / ha) 55.4 50.25 10.24 60.2 51.9 16.0 47.4 43.9 7.1 -
2007-08 Kharif Treatments Yield Liquid bio-fertilizers Panchagavya Beejamrutha Cow urine Control 49.0 48.2 46.6 46.4 45.9 Percent increase 6.7 5.0 1.57 1.1 Summer Yield 51.2 50.9 48.2 47.9 45.7 Percent increase 12 11.4 5.5 4.8 -
2008-09 Kharif Yield 45.2 45.1 41 41.3 41.9 Percent increase 7.9 7.6 -
Table 3. Effect of organic farming and Palekar method of cultivation 2007-08 Treatments Kharif Yield Percent decrease Summer Yield Percent decrease 2008-09 Kharif Yield Percent decrease
Grain yield (q / ha) Palekar method Organic Farming Palekar method Organic Farming 41.2 53.3 22.7 37.5 60.0 37.5 39.9 45.9 13.1 -
Straw yield (q / ha) 50.1 55.6 9.9 46.8 65.5 28.5 42.0 49.4 15.0 -
Table 1. Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of paddy Kharif paddy (2007-08) Grain yield (Kg / ha) Panchagavya Spray (P) With (P1) With out (P2) Mean Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 4222.5 4007.5 4115.0 F-test F P Fx P * NS NS S.Em+ 123.6 123.6 174.8 System II (F2) 5517.0 5144.8 5330.9 C.D at 5% 342.6 Mean 4869.7 4576.1 Straw yield ( Kg / ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 5442.5 4575.6 5009.0 F-test * * NS
F2 : Without Palekars method
F1 : Palekars method
Cont.
Seedling treatments (S) Grain yield (Kg / ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 3918.60 4084.00 4249.40 4073.50 4249.40 4115.00 F-test S FxS NS NS S.Em+ 195.4 276.3 System II (F2) 5252.3 5242.0 5035.2 5572.8 5512.1 5330.9 C.D at 5% Mean 4585.4 4663.0 4642.3 4823.2 4900.8 Straw yield ( Kg / ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 4787.0 4363.1 4915.1 5221.3 5759.0 5009.1 F-test * NS S.Em+ 235.1 332.5 System II (F2) 5614.2 4787.6 5914.0 6017.3 5459.0 5558.4 C.D at 5 % 651.7 Mean 5200.6 4575.3 5414.6 5619.3 5609.0
Effect of seedling treatment, Panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of Paddy
Summer paddy (2007-08)
Grain yield (q/ha) Panchagavya Sprays (P) With (P1) With out (P2) Mean Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 38.88 36.15 37.52 F-test F P Fx P ** ** NS S.Ed+ 1.06 1.06 2.36 SystemII (F2) 62.65 57.43 60.04 C.D at 5 % 2.93 2.93 Mean 50.77 46.79 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 52.90 40.70 46.80 F-test ** ** *
F2 : Without Palekars method
F1 : Palekars method
Cont Grain yield (q/ha) Seedling treatments Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 35.07 37.13 37.07 38.87 39.46 37.52 F-test S.Ed+ SystemII Mean (F2) 56.30 59.33 58.73 62.92 62.92 60.00 C.D at 5 % 45.70 48.20 47.90 50.90 51.20 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 45.90 42.30 47.40 46.20 52.20 46.80 F-test S.Ed+ System II (F2) 68.50 61.90 59.80 71.30 65.30 65.30 C.D at 5 % 4.9 Mean 57.20 52.10 53.60 58.80 58.60
S FxS
NS NS
F1 : Palekars method
1.67 2.36
* NS
1.77 2.50
Effect of seedling treatment, Panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of Paddy
Kharif paddy (2007-08) Grain yield (q/ha) Panchagavya Sprays (P) With (P1) With out (P2) Mean Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 38.88 36.15 37.52 F-test F P Fx P ** ** NS S.Ed+ 1.06 1.06 2.36 SystemII (F2) 62.65 57.43 60.04 C.D at 5 % 2.93 2.93 Mean 50.77 46.79 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 52.90 40.70 46.80 F-test ** ** * S.Ed+ 1.12 1.12 1.50 System II (F2) 67.50 63.00 65.50 C.D at 5 % 3.10 3.10 4.40 Mean 60.20 51.90
F1 : Palekars method
Cont Grain yield (q/ha) Seedling treatments Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 35.07 37.13 37.07 38.87 39.46 37.52 F-test S.Ed+ SystemII Mean (F2) 56.30 59.33 58.73 62.92 62.92 60.00 C.D at 5 % 45.70 48.20 47.90 50.90 51.20 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 45.90 42.30 47.40 46.20 52.20 46.80 F-test S.Ed+ System II (F2) 68.50 61.90 59.80 71.30 65.30 65.30 C.D at 5 % 4.9 Mean 57.20 52.10 53.60 58.80 58.60
S FxS
NS NS
F1 : Palekars method
1.67 2.36
* NS
1.77 2.50
Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on transplanted paddy
Kharif paddy (2008-09) Grain yield (q/ha) Panchagavya Sprays (P) With (P1) With out (P2) Mean Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 42.00 37.80 39.90 F-test F P Fx P ** ** NS S.Ed+ 0.80 0.80 1.00 SystemII (F2) 48.80 43.00 45.90 C.D at 5 % 2.13 2.13 Mean 45.40 40.40 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 44.70 39.30 42.0 F-test ** ** NS S.Ed+ 1.11 1.11 1.57 System II (F2) 50.20 48.60 49.4 C.D at 5 % 3.00 3.10 Mean 47.40 43.90
F1 : Palekars method
Cont Grain yield (q/ha) Seedling treatments Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 39.00 38.50 38.80 41.60 41.80 39.90 F-test S.Ed+ SystemII Mean (F2) 44.90 43.50 43.70 48.60 48.60 45.90 C.D at 5 % 41.90 41.00 41.30 45.10 45.20 Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) 40.60 38.10 40.70 42.40 48.00 42.00 F-test S.Ed+ System II (F2) 49.90 43.60 51.20 53.40 49.20 49.40 C.D at 5 % 4.85 Mean 45.20 40.80 45.90 47.80 48.70
S FxS
NS NS
F1 : Palekars method
1.21 0.80
* NS
1.75 2.48
Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on transplanted Paddy
Paddy grain yield (kg/ha) Treatments With out FYM (Only Jeevamrutha) 3507 3769 3707 3887 3946 3763 With out Jeevamrutha With FYM 5630 5933 5873 6292 6254 5996 Yield increase (%) 60.5 57.4 58.4 61.9 58.5 59.3