REAL TIME SYSTEM RESUME

Real Time System (RTS) is a system must generate an appropriate response within the time limit specified. If the computer response out of time limit, it can make performance degradation or system failure. Classify of Real Time System based on time response: 1. Hard Real Time System In this system needed to solve the critical task within the time limit. If the time limit not fulfilled, the application will failure. The system cant tolerate more than 100ms. Example: flight control

2. Soft Real Time System In this system, the critical process received the higher priority than others. The usefulness of the result degrades after its deadline, thereby degrading the system quality of service (QoS). Example: data acquisition system, audio-video system.

3. Real Real Time System This method is a like Hard Real Time System, but the response times are very short. Example: Missile guidance system

4. Firm Real Time System Infrequent deadline misses are tolerable, but may degrade the system quality of service. The usefulness of a result is zero after its deadline.

The goal of Hard Real Time System is to ensure that all deadlines are met, but for Soft Real Time System the goal becomes meeting a certain subset of deadlines in order to optimize some application specific criteria.

Time Triggered System versus Event Triggered System Time triggered systems derive system of follows the principle global progression of time, such allowing precise temporal specification of interfaces and interoperability and replica determinism. An event triggered system follows the principle of reaction on demand, where temporal control is enforced from environment onto the system in unpredictable manner (interrupts), with all undesirable problems of jitter, missing precise temporal specification of interfaces and membership, scheduling etc, but good for sporadic action/data, low-power sleep modes, best-effort soft real time system with high utilization of resources. NETWORK CONTROL SYSTEM

Network control system is a network wherein the control loops are closed through a real time network. The defining feature of a Network Control System (NCS) is that control and feedback signals are exchanged among the systems components in the form of information packages through the network. The functionality of a typical NCS is established by the use of four basic elements: 1. Sensors, to acquire information 2. Controllers, to provide decision or commands, 3. Actuators, to perform the control command, 4. Communication network, to enable exchange of information The most important feature of a NCS is that it connects cyberspace to physical space enabling the execution of several task from long distance. In addition, the NCS eliminate the unnecessary wiring reducing the complexity and the overall cost in designing and implementation of control system. They can also be easily modified or upgraded by adding sensors, actuators, and controllers to them with relative low cost and no major changes in their structure. Moreover, featuring efficient sharing of data between their controllers, NCS are able to easily fuse global information to make intelligence decisions over large physical spaces. Their potential applications are numerous and cover a wide range of industries such as: space and terrestrial exploration, factory automation, experimental facilities, domestic robots, aircraft, automobiles, manufacturing plant monitor.

REAL TIME SOFTWARE SYSTEM AND OPERATING SYSTEM FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

The important features in Real Time System Time-Sharing System High Throughput Fast average response fairness Real-Time System Schedule ability Ensure worst-case response Stability

Capacity Responsive ness Overload

schedule ability is the ability of task to meet all hard deadlines -Latency is the worst-case system response time in event -Stability in the overload means the system meets the critical deadlines even if all deadlines cannot be met.

1. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM RTOS is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real time application request. It must be able to process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays. Processing time requirements (including any OS delays) are measured in tenth of seconds or shorter. An RTOS has an advanced algorithm for scheduling. Scheduler flexibility enables a wider, computer system orchestration of process priority, but a real time OS is more frequently dedicated to a narrow set of applications. Key factors in a RTOS are minimal interrupt latency and minimal thread switching latency. A real time OS is valued more for how quickly or how predictably it can respond than for amount of work it can perform in a given period of time.

DESIGN PHILOSOPY The most common designs are:

Event-driven which switches tasks only when an event on higher priority needs servicing, called preemptive priority, or priority scheduling. Time-sharing design switch task on regular clocked interrupt, and on events, called round robin.

Time sharing designs switch tasks more often than strictly needed, but give smoother multitasking, giving the illusion that a process or user has sole use of a machine.

SCHEDULLING In typical designs, a task has three states: 1. Running (executing on the CPU) 2. Ready (ready to be executed) 3. Blocked (waiting for an event, I/O for example) Most tasks are blocked or ready most of the time because generally only one task can run at a time per CPU.

ALGORITHM Some commonly used RTOS scheduling algorithm are: 1. Cooperative scheduling 2. Preemptive scheduling a. Rate-monotonic scheduling b. Round-robin scheduling c. Fixed priority pre-emptive preemptive time slicing scheduling, an implementation of

d. Fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption e. Fixed-priority non-preemptive scheduling f. Critical section preemptive scheduling

g. Static time scheduling 3. Earliest Deadline First approach 4. Stochastic Digraphs with multi-threaded graph traversal