The stack effect in chimneys: the gauges represent absolute air pressure and the airflow is indicated with

light grey arrows. Th (See the Flue gas stack article for more details) When coal, oil, natural gas, wood or any other fuel is combusted in a stove, oven, fireplace, hot water boiler or industrial furn Those gases are generally exhausted to the ambient outside air through chimneys or industrial flue gas stacks (sometimes ref The combustion flue gases inside the chimneys or stacks are much hotter than the ambient outside air and therefore less den flue gas to have a lower pressure than the pressure at the bottom of a corresponding column of outside air. That higher press combustion air into the combustion zone and also moves the flue gas up and out of the chimney. That movement or flow of c ventilation", "chimney effect", or "stack effect". The taller the stack, the more draught or draft is created. There can be cases out of the stack, the flue gases may cool before reaching the top of the chimney. This condition can result in poor drafting, an emission can cause creosote to condense near the top of the chimney. The creosote can restrict the exit of flue gases and ma Designing chimneys and stacks to provide the correct amount of natural draught or draft involves a number design factors, m As a "first guess" approximation, the following equation can be used to estimate the natural draught/draft flow rate by assum external air are equal and that the frictional pressure and heat losses are negligible:

where: Q = chimney draught/draft flow rate, m/s A = cross-sectional area of chimney, m (assuming it has a constant cross-section) C = discharge coefficient (usually taken to be from 0.65 to 0.70) g = gravitational acceleration, 9.807 m/s H = height of chimney, m T i = average temperature inside the chimney, K T e = external air temperature, K.

Combining two flows into chimney: At+Af<A, where At=7.1 inch2 is the minimum required flow area from water heater tank system.

ndicated with light grey arrows. The gauge dials move clockwise with increasing pressure.

hot water boiler or industrial furnace, the hot combustion product gases that are formed are called flue gases. rial flue gas stacks (sometimes referred to as smokestacks). outside air and therefore less dense than the ambient air. That causes the bottom of the vertical column of hot mn of outside air. That higher pressure outside the chimney is the driving force that moves the required mney. That movement or flow of combustion air and flue gas is called "natural draught/draft", "natural aft is created. There can be cases of diminishing returns: if a stack is overly tall in relation to the heat being sent tion can result in poor drafting, and in the case of wood burning appliances, the cooling of the gases before strict the exit of flue gases and may pose a fire hazard. volves a number design factors, many of which require iterative trial-and-error methods. l draught/draft flow rate by assuming that the molecular mass (i.e., molecular weight) of the flue gas and the

low area from water heater tank and Af=19.6 inch2 is the minimum flow area from a furnace of a central heating

Chimney Draft Chart

Chimney Draft
The pressure difference or chimney draft can be expressed as: dp ch =h( o - i ) g where dp ch = pressure draft in the chimney (Pa) h = height of chimney (m) o=densityofoutsideair(kg/m3) i=densityofinsideair(kg/m3) g = 9.81 - acceleration of gravity (m/s2) (1) can alternatively be expressed as: dp ch = 0.0465 dt h where dt = temperature difference between inside and outside air (K,
Chimney Draft Chart
o

(1)

(2)

C)

Chimney Area

The velocity of air and flue gas in a smaller furnace should not exceed 2 m/s . Design velocities of larger furnaces s Required chimney area can be calculated as A=Q/v where A = cross-sectional area of chimney (m 2 ) Q = volume of flue gases at chimney temperature (m 3 /s) v = velocity (m/s) In general 1 kW boiler heat requires 1100 mm
Chimney Vent Capacity Chart - Btu/h and kW
2

(3)

of chimney area.

n velocities of larger furnaces should not exceed10 m/s .