Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10.1. INTRODUCTION
Shaft is'a rotating member used to transmit power by torsion' An axle is a machine member loaded mainly in bending and carries rotating parts such as wheels and gears. An axle may either be stationary or rotating. Short shafts and axles are called as spindles. shafts may be classifred as transmission shafts zrnd machine shat'ts. Transmission sha{ts are those used to transmit power from the source to the machines. counter shafts or jack shafts, line shafts and head shalts and all other factory shafting come under transmission shafts. Machine shafts are those which are integral with the machine itself. Shafts are usually of circular cross-section. Sometimes shaits are made hollow to reduce the weight or to accommodate another coaxial shaft. Rarely square' cross or elliptical section shafts are used. Transmission shafts carry pulleys, gears or wheels. Hence they are subjected to bending in addition to torsion. In $ome cases as in axial flow compressors and turbines, shafts are subjected to axial load also. invariably fluctuating or alternating loads, the material for shafts should be ductile, tough and fatigue resistant. For light loads rnild steel may l-'e used. For higher strJngth ailoy sieels of nickel, nickel chromium and chrome-vanadium steel with proper heat treatment are used.
Asshaftsaresubjectedtocombinedbendingandtwistingrnomenlrsand
1A.2
MACHINE DESIGN
Shllts are designeti for strength or rigiditv or irtr both. The strength of the shirlt is ()f irnportance rvhere shocli and cyciic loads ate present. 'fhe sl-rafts invariably frril b.y iatiguc and {ailure starts from the point of stress conccntration such as key slots, threadecl portion etc. Iiigidity is the consideration for long sha{ts wirich are subjected to bending rnonrt:nt ancl torque. Due to the deflection of'sha{t, the positiun oi'the gear mounted on tltc sha{t changes resulting in stlcss concentration. dynamic load :rnd noise in ilcirfs. Il critical speed o{'the engine is near t.he nirtulal frequetrcy of tire shaft, the torsional or lateral vibrations of the sh:rfts rvili br: violent ar-rd the shaft will fail. In thc clesign ol machine. after desig'ling all othu' courponents, if it happened that natural licqr-rency of thc system is near the cxciting ii-equenc-v ol the machine, shaft clirrnotcr should be alterecl to change thc natural licquency oi thr: system.
St:urrl:rrd diametct
o1'
IN TI{E SIIAFT
'
167 * .liJ
10.1)
ffi&
Fig.
10.1
SHAFTS AND
COUPLINGS
10.3
I{' the shaft is subjected to a beuding moment M along with tl-re torque, T. Fig.
10.2.
tffii
T
'f
Fig. 10.2
Shcar stress due to the torque
167 t=od,
r-rjI r/o2+412
16
=# fi'l?-
"'
(10'2)
When a shaft is subjected to a steady bencling moment. I\4 a steady torque, T and an axial load F (Fig. 10.3).
Fig. 10.3
load
4F =^d'
Ilending stress due to the moment
32
X,I
n rl3
10.4
MACHINE DESIGN
=4(M*ry) 8 7rd'l,
Shcar stress due to torque,
"
Resuitant rnaximum shear stress.
167
ir rl3
rrnax=2l\Jo"+4T-
llre
16
ndo
r'*[n.ryY I uj
(10.3)
However, for long shafts (slender shafts) subjected to compressive loads, the stress may not correspond to simple uniform distribution. In such cases, it should be considered as a column to find out stresses. In shalting practice, a factor cr called column factor is introduced to take the column effect into account. Stress due to the load,
=
The column effect is given by,
c = --Lt
er4F
"d,
loads
50 1,00
75 7.49
100
115
2.O2
7.t2
1.28
1.78
10.5
Ilence rnaximum shear stress rn a shaft subjected to cornbined torque, bending moment and axial loading is given by
_rc
fid"
d*[vi.*i
(10.4)
s'afts are seldom under constant torque and bending moment. Hence {atigue is to be taken into accot:nt for design. 'fhe-effect clepends on thc nature ol variation oi bendingl moment and torque. For design, faciors K, and K6 are introduced for torque and bending moment respecti'ery. Trre factors depend .n the application of the shafts.
Design torque
=4"7
Design B.M. = Ku x M.
10.2.
Nature of loading
St:rtionary shafts
Gradually applied load Suddeniy applied load
1.0 1.0
7.5 to 2.0
1.5 to 2.0
Rotating shafts
Gradually applied load
Suddenly applied ]oad with minor shock Suddenly applied load with heavy shock
1.5
1.0
1.5 to 2.0
2.0 to 3.0
Hollow s\afts: Modulus of horlow section of inner diarneter d and outer diameter
D is given
by
Modulus in bending
"JD^-d^)
q4 D
2
=# r'
(1
- k4), rvhere
k = ci,zD
10.6
MACHINE DESIGN
=-#r'(1-k4)
If 'a hollow sha{t is subjected to a bending moment, torque and axiai ioad, then tensile stress due to axial load and bending moment,
o =,r
32KbM
D3
(1- k1
,r D'?
g4F (r - k'/)
i
=;Ftr-B{n,,**{Ptr.L'r
Shcar stress due to torque, .
=
'r
19
4t T
D_(1:k')
+ 4 t2
,^u=
i,^,loz
,*"*=,,o#-r.1[,*r,'.{**.*,
subjected
u.u,,}'
f'
..
(105)
10.4. EFFECT OF KEYWAYS concentration at and near the corners of the keyrvay. The effect is more when the shaft, is subjected to shock and fatigue loads. The weakening effect of the keyluav can be computed by the following expression,
h C=1.0+0.2Y d+l.ra
Keyway cut into the shaft affects the strength of the shaft due to stress
keywaS,
key'way
d ,, w=;andh=* d
the factor C=1.2.
10.7
The length of the key does not al'fect the stlength of the shaft. Also, bending appliecl sirnultaneously with torsion does not affect the strength additional so far as thc kc.v is concerned. 10.5. DESIGN OF SIIAFTS Por designing shafts for strength, the maximum shear stress tneory is found io give satisfactory results as the shaft materiai is ductile in nature. The shear stresses {i;u1d hy Eqs (10.1) to (10.5) should not exceed t}re design shear stress. The allowable shear stress lies betrveen 15 to 40 N/mrn2 for mild steels and 20 to 60 N/mm2 for cast steels and 50 to 125 N/mm2 for ailoy steels.
\\{hile designing shafts for rigidity as per code for design of shafting, the shaft should not deflect more than 1mm per metre length of the shaft, or twist should not cxceed 0.25" per.metre of shaft for machine tools and 3" per metre for line shafts'
'I'wist in radians per unit length is given by
0Tr IGJyG
10.G.
(10.6)
COUPLINGS
Couplings are used to connect sections of long transmission shafts and to connect
the shaft of a driving machine to the siraft of a driven machine. This provides a permanent connection. clutches permit easy and quick engagement and
disengagement of two shafts. couplings are classified into two main tlpes viz. Rigid and flexible and further classification is shown in Table 10'3'
Box or rnuff cuuPling Ciamp coupling Flange coupling Bushed pin type coupling
Couplings
Oldhan coupling
Flexible Type
C-clan'rp coupiing
coupiings take care of small misaligninent in the shaft axes, either lateral or angular,
Rigid coupiings are employed where shafts are properly aligned. Flexible
t0.B
MACHINE DESIGN
'lhis is the simplest of rigid type coupli,gs a^d co,sists <-rt' a steel or casr ircn slt'cvc fittcd on to the ends of the sha{ts aucl ser:urcd to thclu by means of taper pins or het' (Fig. 10.4a and 10.4b). I'.lver is transmitted from one shaft to the other shait bv means o{. a ke-v or 1ln and a sleeve. Hence for satislactory worldng. all thc elenrcnr_s should be strong r:uriuglt to transrnit the tor.que. Lct T be the torque to be trausmitted by the corLpling.'I'lrcq thc shear stress in thc shaft should not exceed the penlissible shear. str.css of'the sha{t.
11,. 1=-;S[T";l n cl'
16T..
1().7
'['lte slecve can be considered as a ]roilow.cylincler w'ith outsidc diamcter ittsidr. tii:utrctcr d.
.['he srrear stress
Il
(
and
r().8
)
in the sree'e
=;#fi_,;,.,..,,,
u,ltcrt
k=rl,l)
TAPER KEY
MUFF COUPI,ING
D=1.5d
KBY TYPE
/=:Jd
10.9
D=
d; l=3 d;
c=0
75 tl
IlI order that both sleeve and sha{t are equally strong ard they are subjected to peillissible shear siresses, the relatiolr betrveen d and l) can be obtained by
eqr-ratirlg Eqs. (10.7) and (10-8).
,=
llcnce T"5/t"7 = 2
'
r..,.i,=
@L}_-B
.", l
'
l-k4r k:l
tsh
Ts1
lil+2k:J-I=o
,solving fbr k, 1,rk = Did--L.37
(
10.9)
I-Ictcc in design practice, D = 1.5d girrcs sati-<iactory resuits Length of the uoupling is lixed by tire mininium lenglir of the iiey atd can br: taken as 3d
ln tire <:ase of taper pin joints, piurr of standarci diamcters tIS : 2393 -. 1963) slr,rrrid b<'us,:d. The pin is subjectetl to doul-rle shcat :tud the sliear strcss is givt'tt
hy
10.10
MACHINE DESIGN
r=:SIrpl
zx
Where
[Tn1 is.
r;d
1
..... (10.10)
lx
a!
In practicr' the diameter of the pin lies between 0.25 to 0.3d For kcys, liter selecting standard size of key from Table 8.3, the length of the
kev is determhed on the basis of shear failure. '
?rnd cheched
,27 =,lh
"
..... (10.11)
Compressive stress
in the
key
o"=*<locJ
.... (10.12)
where [T] and [o"] are the allowable stresses in the key in shear and compression respectively. The length of the key is the efl'ective lengih of the key on any one of the shafts,.which is also equal to half the length of the sleeve.
If the stresses
are more, the length of the key and hence the length of the rnuff
In the clamp coupling the'power from driving shaft to sleeve and sleeve to driven sha{t is transmitted both by key and friction between sleeve and shaIt. The exact amount shared by these two is unpredictabie. Hence in practice it is so desigrred that the design torque can be transmitted by either oue of these. The key design is similar to one used for muff coupling. For tl-re design of bolts, the bolts should be capable of exerting suffrcient force to cause necessary fiiction between mulf and shaft to transnrit the torque. Let
d1,
0.1
.1
Maximuur force that can be exerted by the bolts on one side of tire shatt,
F=n+di;or
..... 11C.13)
L=3.2 to4.5dj
o 4d.
Il' p is the pressure on the sirait zrnd rnuil sur-lace due tiuiliu-n pressure distribution over the surlace,
tLr
r'=F-j;AAAr=;
F
..... i i0.14)
I r.a
2
'fr=
r,
l'
1n d L"'!1
,t
=F5l"[aflto't
Dcsign torque
"
=fta3 lt"l
10.i2
N4ACHINE DES]GN
,|a3t'"t=r' t"4(ti;lorl
rd
1
..)
10.16
tul
'l':tlrtrg
n
l'
d',
]' _
=
[T"]
o1
2rpn
- 4;$-
0.3 and
'jlr tr. l
/dnf
i,-l=-
idJ
d1, d,
,22.6
1
10.17)
4.75
lrt Prirctice the diameter of bolt lies betrveen 0.25d io 0.4d. The spacing cii'bolts sltorrld be lixed by considering provision firr tightcuing rtntl mlnulacturipg
corrsirlclaLious.
keyecl
bolts as showu in Fig. 10.6. Alignment of the shaits can be ensured by a projection in brre trl the llanges artl a corresporlriing rectss iu the othct. fllurge. This is known a$ a'rtrgistet'. The ilange coupling can be clesignecl b.v the tirlkrwing prricedure and r:onrpared u'ith the empirical proportions vice versa.
to l,hc two sha{ts to be coupled and thc fla*ges arc c.,,ccted by means
are
oi
10.13
Design procedure:
1.
F-rom the power to be transrnitted and given r.p.m., diameter of the shaft d is determired as detailed in article 10.3. This gives the bore diameter of the
flange.
2. Diameter of the boss d1 can be {ixed as two times the diameter of the sha{t
ar-rd checked
3. The key
cross-section
4. Ldngth of the
boss
5. Nuinber of bolts is found out by the empiricai relation n = 0.02d + 3, where is expressed in mm.
Take the nearest larger even number of bolts except f<rr shaft of diameters Iess than 40 mm rvhich are made with 3 bolts.
6. Bolt circle diameter may.be taken as dz=2d+50. 7. Diameter of the bolt. d6 is determined by shear failure of the
around the boss.
bolts. is just
8. 'Ihickness of the flange is deterrnined by shear failure; minimum area 9. 'Ihickness of the flange is
flangc. checked
of the flange is detern'rined by giving suitable radial thickness beyond the bolt hole.
L..
10.14
MACHINE DESIGN
i ir*rt
35 to 55
56
to
150
151 to ;120 I
szr tn
10
ggo
Above 390
12
2. I'I,EXIBLE COUPLINGS
alignment iu rl:pr:ncls on the instrument used fbr aligning. orle canrrot expect sarne field ln solne cases ,r,,Lrplirrgs iu aero erngines a.ud rvatel purlrps in agricultural rnoney spent on rrliurunoDt is not possible and in sotue otlter cases the timc and rvili be a rvaste. Hence to takc tnisalignt.ncnt into acccrunt {lexible couplings' rrligu,ro,t iusteilcl ol tigid couplings are used'
Misalignnrerrtinslraftsoccurinvariousclegreesastheaccuracyofalignment
1.
et<:)-
iu Fig'
10'S
t<.r
10'1ll'
ill llexib]e flange couplings, the be:iring pl'essllre on the projccted area of rubber in lirrsh is lir-r'riied to 2 N/mm2- The dc-"igl of tlexiLrie llanp|er coui:ling is iliustrated
t.lroitltim 10.B.
MACHINE DESIGN
couplir-rg.
10.17
Tzrble 10.4: Cast Iron Flexible Flange Couplings (Refer Fig. 10.8)
Coupling
No.
B1 P'2 B3 P'4
Br)
D D(i
P,7
Bush Type
t
80125128i18
1001
10
53 trJ
8
10
20
30 I 30 | 20
t2 t2
15 15 15
22 22
2 2 4
22-30
30-45 45-56 56-75
1121 38
ls2l22
i
35
10 qn 4 4
,L
1321 55 I 40 I 30 1701 80 I 45
t2
12 12 16
t20
130 190
25 30
40 40
20011001 56 I 40
4
5
5
75-85
85-1 10
1
250i1401 63 I 45
31511801 80
22 22
28
t)
B8 Be
50
250
315 400
6
8
o
i16
18 18
10-130
40012121 90 I 56 500128011001 60
45
4i)
6 6
Bio
'130-150
28
74.0
Table 10.5: Cast Iron Flexible Coupling - Disc Type (Refer Fig. 10.9)
Coupling
No.
Dl
D2 D3
D4
15,16 16,18
18,25
IU
8153
10163 10173 121e0 12 I 120
I
6
tJ
0.!13
L2 12 15 15
0.67
1.1
22-30
30-45 45-56 56-75
22 30
JJ
b 8 8 8
25,30
D5 D,, D7
80
100 140 180
40 45
i
I
35.40 40,45
15
rz
I rso
I
,),
22
28
i
|
r-6 I ieo
i2
L2
l)r] l)g
Dro
+s,so so,ss
5a)
ro i zro
2l.2
280
55 60
28
rs I 31s rs i +oc
I
16
16
'10.18
MACHINE DESIGN
Olclharn's Coupling: 1)ltl]rarrr,scouplingconsistsoftwollangesrvithadiagonalrcctangulargrooveof on either side l.cated at right ,f"pth ir;;h widttrt. The central disc cr'ntains tongucs
1,llClll()vt]ll]elltbeingequaitoaxisdisplacerrrer-rt..I.hiskcepsbtltl-raxesur-rstraitred
parallel but not 'l'his coupling is mainly used to connect shatts which are
.l]-ris can aiso take up sligiri atlgular rnisalignrnent'
tl're bearing pressure on ton'lre ctesign of Oldiratn's coupling is basecl on untl gltlrtt'e. proportional to the radius Assutning that the bearing pressllre p is ciistributccl
'[]rc
TONGUE
i=0.45d L = 4d Oldham's CouPling Fig. 10'12: G 'l\rrtlue =2xAverage Pressure x t\rea x D.istauce of the C
D
=3to4d
-Zr.j^P tlhxil ZO
1,
=l
s
pL2
Illce
r=1n.
,2
'l'{)r'qrlc =
,D2
-u-
'''
(10'18)
of the tongue ' h can be I(ecping the pressure below 8 N/rnur2 the thickness are lixed by propor:tions' ,',,nrp.,rJ Otl". ai*"r"ions of the coupiing
flniversal Joint:
ssion of powcr to sha{ts inclined at Uliversal joints are rvidely used ltrr transmil is tl'rat the angular vclocity varies by 37o anglcs as high as 30'. The disadvantage {br' :10' and 55% for 40'' This is overcome by for' 10" i.clination, 1sE i; in*, zs'/' vrith o" tf'" driven side' The doublc hoohe's coupling along pt.ovirlilrg similar
"orpfnf
10.19
a spliued sha{t is widely used in machine tools :rnd automobiles where the .load is nl(rvulg rclative to the prime mover. 'lhc c.upling is shown in Fig. r0.13. The coupling shouid be checked ibr shcaring of tl-re pins, sirearing of the sleeve etc.
HP/rpm
0.14 0.28 0.60 1.09 L.48 2.32 3.70 4.5 5.6 9.5 14.0
Torque N.m
1000
14i^
2tJ
I
2
:J 4,
9.5
2000 4300 7800 10600 16600 26300 32300 40000 68000 100000 140000 207000 300000
30 40 50
t3.4
22
85
105 120
.jr.;)
46 65
5 6
7
60
75
2500 2L30
90
105
1.20
140
1b(, 18{) 22{) 26{} 29{\
ti
9
r900
1?00 L420 1?50 1100 1000
8BO
t25
175
IO
?68
l1
li60
510
73C
l2
r9.50
28.8
.41.9
220
320
36i)
203
312
_1'1
t.
2.
260
985
Wciglrt and GD2 .ialues are stated for mean bore size I).
Coupling with peripheral speed 35 nrAec requires dlrranric balrurcing lCourtesy Fenner (India) Limitcdl.
!
,l
MACHINE DESIGN
Min.
:10
C trb
I
I I
D
a.)
N{
40i
r,0 60
I I
I
l3
18 18
22
no
38
89 109
100
45
l-)0
r25
144
70
EQ
70i
80 e0
100
20 26
20
CL
714
128
to
95
110
45
I I ro
13l1i 13i I 131 i 131 |
,,
,n ,u
rn
2s 25
trb
I I
I I I
2t1
235 254
279
t67
188
re lNotel
ls""\
76
t43 t49
155 181
57
t02
104
85 90
I
2t6
233 264
124
140
60
b5 76
rr0
r2c
t08
I I
r02
39
314
152
t20
zs beyond
M apart can -1r-- r^^^+^l ..ic ' Note 1: Shait ends although normally located.distance between the shaft ends for tfl"* sufficient space t""
proJer ct
G is the arnount by which clamping Ilore limits H? unless otherwise specilied' the tyre' G'r is G' plus the wrqnch ring screws need to l" *ltt'Jtu*" to release e' The use of shortened wrench rqill to release the t,T
clearauce allowance required aliow this clearance to be reduced'
Driven Machine
Electric
Motor
1 1
Steam engine
1.5 1.5
Multi
2 2
cYl.
I.C. engine
Diesel engine
,.
.l
2.5
J
,1
-O
2.5 2
AR
5.5
5
&
refiners
5
1
Winders
6
o
Plinting
Presses
1.5
Pun-rps Centrifugal
Continued.
Prime Mover
Electric
Motor
9
Steam engine
2.5 3.5 3.5
J.O J.C
Multi
3:5
5 5 5 5
cyl.
Single cyl.
[.C. engine
I.C. engine
4.5 5.5
5.5
IE
Diesel englne
5 6 6
Rolling Mills
Rubber Mills & Calenders
S
6 6
5
ep
arators-Centrifugal
2
1.5
5.5
2.5
2
J.D
4.5 3.5
4.
6
3.5
5.5
Allow
10olo
extra
to 18 hrs'
25o/c
extra
18 hrs to 24 hrs'
Driven Machine
Blowers
I Electnc
Moto'
1.5
2
Steam engine
2 2.5 2.5 J.D
Multi
cyl.
Singie cyl.
Diesel engine 4
5 5
2
3
q
5.5 4.5
5.5
6
5
2.5
J.D
3.5
5
6
4 5
1.5 2
2 2.5
J.D
3.5 4.5
5
Long travel
2.5 3.5
4.5
5
5.5
b o
Auxiliary hoist, main hoist and slewing Fans Up to 20 h.P Over 20 h.p uP to 75 h.P Mine ventilating or over
75 h.p Generators SteadY l,oading
I
1.5 2
1
1.5 2
4
5
J
3.5
.,
2
e
9<
5
5 6
10.22
MACHINE DESIGN
K
0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.05 1.10
1.15 1.20
R.P.M
150 160 170 180 190
K
2.00 2.10
2.2C
R.P.M
500 525 550 575 600
K
5.20 5.42 5.65 5.87 6.10 6.32 6.55 6.77 7.00 ?.16 7.24 7.40 7.60 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 8.80 9.00 9.08 9.20 9.40
R.P.M
1050 1100 1150
K
9.75 10.10 10.45 10.80 11.10 11.40
11.70
20
9r,
1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1440 1450 1460 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 3000
30
.1:)
200
625
650
40 45
l-;0
210 220
230
2.59 2.68 2.77 2.86 2.95 3.04 c lc 2.)9 3.31 3,40 3.62 3.85 4.07 4.30 4.52 4.75 4.97
675
700
12.00 12.20
12.25
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
100
720
730 750
I lc
12,30 12.54
t270
12.90
13.05
1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90
800
290
300
825
850
325
350
875
900 09( 950 960 975 1000
375
400 425 450 475
10.23
Table
Mark of Coupling
C1 C3 C5 C7 C9
10.11 GD"
HPi
RPM
Max. RPM
No.
Stock
of
pms
nominal
Bore
Max. Bore
A
3 r2"
4-5/8', 5-3/t"
lnass in kg
tb. fr2
0.166 0.497
0.0048 3000 0.0096 3000 0.0226 3000 0.0333 3000 0.0425 3000 0.0600 3000 0.4722 2550 0,1130 2300 0.2400 1990 0.3450 1990 0.3900 1665 0.4800 1665 0.6750 1530 0.9450 1530
1.27 1.6't 4 b
b
t)
Y{
V2"
7/8'
1"
1-Y2"
1-3/8', 1-5/8',
M.
u16"
7/8" 1-U8" lVq;'
1-318"
l- +t
U8'
5/8'
v8'
U8'
6 8
11
1.492
L.92
2Vt"
9-3/,"
)Ur'
t-3/8" l-.r/6
U8' 3-3/8',
3/16', 3/16', 3/16', 4Yz" 4Yz"
4-3/a" 5U2" I
2.89 5.97
10.66 17.88 41.20
8 b 8
2U)"
2Y2"
2-3/a"
7V2"
tl
22 27
1-U8"
3-U8'
10"
17Y2"
1-3/8"
lYt"
1-3/a"
3-5/8',
lVz"
2-118"
6 10 8
10 10
3-7/8" 4-7/8"
Vt"
y4
t-7/8"
2-U8" 2-3/8" 2-5/8" 2-7/8"
J 6',
lwz"
4"
4U2"
2-U8"
62 80
c27
c23 c2s
c27
t3-3/{ 5-3l8.
15"
1/q"
9 1/o"
8-U8'
I -Jt6
93
4V2"
4-7/8"
Ya"
99
137
14
16 18 18 16
15'
18', 19Vq"
lt"
8-7l8',
c29
c31
cl33
1270
1190 1120 1000
3-U8'.
V{
Vq"
10'
10-3/a,"
1Vz"
6Y2"
3-V8"
3-5/8"
4"
20V2"
6-7/8"
Vt"
Va" Vq"
llVz'
12Vz^
c35 c37
039
4tr'{
4Vz"
a
8'
9'.
6-7ly', 4-7/8"
25Y2"
See
880
820
18
18
4-3l8"
See
2584 4456
10"
28"
Note
5Yl"
Note
Yq" Vn"
20 18 18
,yt'
6" 6Vt"
11'
3lVz" below
5h"
q-3h" 7-5t8"
Below
7461
12679
169?0
1lU2' 3512"
L2Y2"
16.75
lq"
Note: For coupling size C 37 and above, the boss diameter (H) and loss length (B) will change according to the bore diameters.
MACHINE DESIGN
,i
Maximum
Size
Max.Speed
of Inertia
MR2 (N.m2) 0.0148 0.0349 0.1030 0.1811 0.3679
(rev/min)
4500 4500 4000 3600
3
P40
2t
53 106
64
160
r50
F60 F70
FBO
318
487
L62 253
365 505
100
759 1096
26 i 'u ] ,o 4t I ,, I ,t
r | 1r i 13 13 I
13
r.;
F90
0.6374
1.1989
F F F
t5t7
2137 3547
63 i ,r |
26
772
1182
t.6012
3.4302
10.13 F70
40
15
no
'fable
Coupling Size l\{.mm Clarnping Screw
E4O'F
F50'r 25
15
F601'
F90
46
F100 48
ao
F110 44 32
F120 49 35
22
15
24
24
N.m Torque
sizes
10.14
OiI Qty
(Litre)
EK
25 30 35 45 50 55 65
55 70
l4
24 30 40 45 50
170 185
60 80
100
80 105 130
160.
85
105 115 L25
220
2r;t0
L25
150 170
290
320 350
10 10
170
c.8
i50
200
tl
Continued
10.25
CI
10
10
c2
.31
c:t
75
L
180
L,,
c,.
D1
D2
Oil Qty
(Litre)
l.J
50
230 250
310 350 400 440 510
50 50 60 60 70
70
47 63
77
95
110 130 135
200
10 10 16 16
1b
240
270
'300
3.4 5.5
7.5
tlt) 85
108
676 136
170 170
330 360
11.0 14.0
Fig. 10.12 gives another flexible coupling called tyre coupii,g. Trre Hp rotating and dimensions are given in Table 10.6 and 10.7. respectively. The service factor is given in table 10.8. The coupling is to be selected using the following:
Dcsign HP = Average HP x Serwice factor
HPzrp*:!948aE! rpm
'fhis is to be compared with tabie 10.6 and suitable coupling is to be selected. coupling element in the form of ty're is used in coupling called ty're coupling. The tlT e is open at one line so that it can be inserted fiom side. This coupling consists of bosses and a holding plate on either end of the shaft. The holding plate clamps the tvpe by allowing it to rest on a groove provided. coupling and decoupling ofjoint can be done by positioning or removing the tjn:e. Life of tyre coupling very much depends on quality of the tyre. By virtue of complicated shape of tyre and its flexibility, stress calculations cannot be rnade to ascertain the strength. Ilolver.er basecl on operating experience, ratings by tyre coupiings tbr various sizes are
obtained.
'lorque ratings and dimensional details are given and as in other cases,.service factor can be used as per table.
Design po'*,er ueslgTt [orqtle
Service lactor
whcle u = rpm of shaft Normally the coupling ra,ill be available with pilot bore ancl boring to be done so as to get transition frt on the shaft,.
MACHINE DESIGN
*iF"
Irr
lE
LD
B FLANGE
Ix
rl-[ tlG
srzEs
F 70 TO F
1m
FFLNG
H FLANG
10.27
MATEBIAL
Tyre:
Natural
CIJSHIONTYP
f73l-
H.P. x
STANDARD SIZES
Stanrlirrcl Sizes
No
(
lxlc
Nr,.
11;
l\
c \.{
lll
i\.t
N{:u
RPI\,I
tr{ax Rzrtiug
Al)pr!xiNate
Diurcnsions in MN,ls
(.1
NM
ll)'1rr 5u5 120 990 t440 2.(t10 100 ttsM RI'M ITPNT RPI\,1 RPM ITPIU
2 .2
3
I.'
(i
18
i
-..1
\(|5t :\051\
I
4
35 .25
.1
5
.5
68
90
:i5
29
56 63
BO
19
35 .52
7
1.3 1.3 2.O
20 25 2(i
22 22
1B
79
1.15 2 2
3
t.5
2
.l
tl
(';
90
9? 07
30
35 45
5 10 10
-:c
t.5
!5
25
2S
80 80
5500 5500 5250 5250 4600 4400 4400 4200 4200 3750 3750 3200 3200 2800 2600 2500 22tO
1700 1300
I
30 30 40 50 80
130 160 160
0.4
cr.14
8
.8
1,0 1.0
22 22
i
I
A 1.5
t07 45
16
l5
20 30
45 55
0.21 0.28
o.4'2
15
2.0
80 50 103 lt9
51
29
-r' lii
it
t0
'l
:
4
4
4 (i
20 135
hU
95
10
I2
IS 22
60
65
1t
45 49
2t l9
28
itl
0.63 o.77
{).98 lu.9ti
6.0
7 7
.l,l
4.5
6 6
?.3 r
55
9.5
62 77
75 6?
70
70 80 110 150 150
28
trI3
t4:) 53
48 5:l 45 66 55 72
l(i
95
12
15
,\tri
;\!()
A2(;
A:10
I
lli
22 30
44
76
7t t46
53 39
,i4
50
I
t1
15
2Si 205 80
s,t iJ0 (i0 (j0
i4-
5I
5(;
5G
154
2.1 2.1 3.1
ls
l6
1s
r;3
t2 t2 l8
49
2l)
2tt
l0 95
212
9l-)
'6i
6t
65 68 42
45
i5
2
30 i
60
30 40 tt0
.\(i(,
AS2
s5 s0
105
42
I6.8
ri3.6 98
30
{i0
21
245 70
r
10
40
;J3
ii,
2i;
120
242 4ii4
t0
50 20
,t
::r
ii0 ,\:i00
r\1
3500
7000
16r
722
96 88 64 22'l 9C 260
2
:10
50 48
45
l.l0
171
2400 5500
I97
140
242
541
r\(iI)0
6500
i5.2
530
l3 291
3l
10.28
MACHINE DESIGN
Gcar coupling consists of boss and Ilange .ioirred by external arrd intcrna.l spur gsrrr.ilg. 'Ihc llanges are bolted to get coupling. The Ilanges can be movcd axially fbr cliscpgagcment and is provided lvith O rings ibr providing seal tirr lubricants- (iear csupling is a rigid coupling with some flexibiiity bccause o{' rtsitrg cun'ed exteruai trrcrth. Strcnglh ol gear coupiing is verl' higir and this is the most compact coupling
lirr lriglr
l)(rtvcr trans,rtission.
litvt, r,cri good life and may not requirc any replacenrent in 5 yenrs. Prrrblems cgrrnccLed rvith keying is solved by sirrinl< litting tl-rc hub on thc shaft. These tvpe 6l urtrplings are widely used in rolling mill applications where loads alc' heavv trnd
f1uctrrating-
,i'hc torquc ratings and dimensional dctails ele given in Tablcs. These couplings
Fig.
10.29
s
@
n o
E N
@
6 O
E N
6 e
r
6
6 O N
N N E
ul
N
q
E
a
N E
&
6
@
o r
r
6
o
H
n N n o @
N
o
m N
e 6
r
6 H
O N 6
o N
6 N
@
m
N
n N
N
h N
o
a o
G]
a 6 e o o 6
6
o
N
@
o o N
o
6 O N
r m
E
z trl
Q O
o
e @ o a
N
h O
o o
h r O E N
r e r
O
r
O
o E
N
a x F
b!
0)
ca
4 N b
o n
O N N
O N O N
o N
a N
o N
o o a o o
o o a
o
o N
n m
o N
o @
a
O
(!' o
;iM
N a
e 6
O N
Er
>;
OL a!
xa
o O
@
o o
@
O O
o s
m m
O O O
o n
o O o N
N
O a N
O N
o O
O r
rE
o
@ @
()
E J
6 o
d a 6
AO
o rc
N C O O N 6
o o o o C
E a
o m
@
6 ts
-a /. I
O o 4
c O
O O @ N
O a 6
o o
6 O
c o
o o o E
D O
O O O a 6
h N
o N
oit LCa p
n o
o
o o
o
o o N
N
ieE Ed.
@a
oa5 NrI
& o
O
n r
o
o
@
n
@
o o
o O