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PURPOSE This practice establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of Spherical Vessel foundations using AFES(=Automatic Foundation Engineering System). AFES can design Spherical Vessel foundations as either soil- or pile-supported footings. CONTENTS This practice comprises the following:
Create or Open New Project Setting Soil and Pile Parameters Creating New Structure Generating Geometric Data Exporting Load Combination Assign Foundation Grouping Editing footing sizes and other parameters Pier and Footing Reinforcement Set Pile Layout for Pile Foundations. Adding Tie-Girder Import Load Combination for various foundation groups Performing Design and Analysis functions. Quantity BOM(Bill of Material) function Construction Drawing Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS, PDS Frame Work Plus)
There is a need to gather all necessary data from responsible disciplines such as load data of machine or equipment from Mechanical group, etc. before proceeding to modeling. You can input loads directly to AFES through the Load Case/Combination feature or import superstructure analysis result files for foundation analysis and design.
Below figures are foundation types commonly used for Spherical vessel equipment supports.
Use : Spherical Vessel Foundation
Design data sample for equipment is shown below based from actual projects. This equipment is a Exchanger supported by rectangular shape foundation. DESIGN DATA Equipment Design Data
b) Select New Project option then click OK button. A window dialogue will display as shown.
1.2 Open Existing Project a) From File menu, select New/Open Project. A window will display as shown.
2. Setting Soil and Pile Parameters. Setting of constants options include design information that AFES needs in order to design a foundation. This includes a number of parameters such as design code, safety factor, bearing capacity of soil, capacity of pile, material and unit weight, clear cover, allowable increase of soil, allowable increase of pile, strength reduction factors, supports and anchor bolt options. In case of New project, set all design parameters from the Setting of Constant form. 2.1 Set Bearing Capacity of Soil from the Setting of Constant command. a) Click Setting of Constant button. b) Select Bearing Capacity of Soil tab.
c) Enter name in the Soil Bearing Capacity Name text box. d) Enter Soil Bearing Capacity (Qa) value. e) Click Save button.
2.2 Set Capacity of Pile from the Setting of Constant button. a) Select Capacity of Pile tab.
b) Enter name in the Pile Name text box. c) Select Pile Type. d) Select Pile Shape. e) Enter values for Pile dimensions f) Enter values for Allowable Capacities. g) Enter values for Elastic Modulus (Ep) and Pile Area. h) Click Save button.
3. Creating New Structure. Every input and output data can be saved in AFES Data Base according to projects, which provide work efficiency in control over project information. An engineer is able to create a file for a new project, reuse data from projects conducted previously, or eliminate old and useless data for the users own sake. 3.1 Choose Create New Structure button. Add : New Structure Name dialog window will appear. Input structure name, and then click on the New button.
4.2 Create node arrangement for first tank. a) Click Wizard (New) button. b) Set and input parameters as shown below.
c) Click Add then Close buttons. 4.2 Create nodes arrangement for second tank. a) Click Wizard (New) button. b) Set and input parameters as shown below.
4.3 Create nodes arrangement for third tank. a) Click Wizard (New) button. b) Set and input parameters as shown below.
d) Click Export button. e) Choose directory to save file, assign file name then click Save button.
The foundation modules in red box shown in above figure are normally used for Spherical Vessel equipment.
At the end of this step, we will create the structure as shown below.
6.2 Assign group for nodes 1 to 8. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Tank_2 from the Group type. d) Select Non Pile fdn. option. e) Select Different size (Each foundation). f) Select nodes 1 to 8 from the Using node list form. g) Click arrow pointing to the right. h) Click Save button.
6.3 Assign group for nodes 9 to 16. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Tank_2 from the Group type. d) Select Pile fdn. option. e) Select Different size (Each foundation). f) Select nodes 9 to 16 from the Using node list form. g) Click arrow pointing to the right. h) Click Save button.
6.4 Assign group for nodes 17 to 24. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Tank_2 from the Group type. d) Select Non Pile fdn. option. e) Select Different size (Each foundation). f) Select nodes 17 to 24 from the Using node list form. g) Click arrow pointing to the right. h) Click Save button.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-01 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab>
d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. e) Click Save button. 7.2 Edit footing size of group G2. a) Select G2 from the Group selection in top menu.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-02 in the Spring Support Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab> d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. e) Click Save button. 7.3 Edit footing size of group G3. a) Select G3 from the Group selection in top menu.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-01 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab>
d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. e) Click Save button.
a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented.
Enter the values of footing re-bar as shown. c) Select Pier tab and set parameters as shown below.
a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented.
c) Select Pier tab and enter the values of its re-bar as shown below.
d) Select Save then Close button. Fore further discussions, refer to Help documents.
b) Click Pile Data command. c) Select Array Wizard tab. d) Select Origin Point. e) Select PHC Pile_1 from the Pile Name selection. f) Set Circular option. g) Enter Star Angle, No. and Pile Circle Dia. (PCD). h) Click Regenerate button. i) Click OK button.
d) From your mouse, select two supports from foundation group G2 in the screen. A window message will appear as below.
e) Click Add tie girder message. f) Set the Tie Girder dimension and reinforcement as shown below.
g) Click Save button. h) Repeat above procedure in creating tie girder for other supports. Different tie girder name maybe assigned for each tie girder including its parameters.
Empty Weight : Fabricated weight of vessel, plus the weight of internals, piping, insulation, and platforms, generally taken from the vessel drawing. Operating Weight: Empty weight plus weight of operating liquid or contents; generally taken from the vessel drawing. Test Weight : Empty weight plus the weight of water required for hydrostatic test; generally taken from the vessel drawing. It should be determined if hydrostatic testing will actually be done in the field. Generally, it is desired to design for test as unforeseen circumstances may occur. The above loads will be considered as Dead Loads when applying load factors. HORIZONTAL LOADS Wind Load Wind loads will be calculated by the Structural Engineer using vessel and platform drawings and the following criteria: Spherical surface wind pressure on the projected area of the insulated vessel applied at the area centroid. Flat surface wind pressure on each platform horizontal area times a 0.5 factor applied at the height of each platform. Wind pressure will be varied with height in accordance with the job specifications. Wind load calculations shall conform with Company Engineering Guideline: Wind Load Calculations, for wind design considerations and procedures.
Wind loads calculated by hand methods will be compared to supplier provided load data. If the results compare favorably, the higher value will be used for foundation design. If the results do not compare favorably, resolve the discrepancy before proceeding. Seismic Load Seismic design considerations and procedures shall be in accordance with job specifications and DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS Vertical loads from dead weight are assumed equally distributed to each outer column. Vertical loads due to overturning moments are assumed to be distributed to each column in proportion to the column distance from the neutral axis of the column group. Horizontal loads (wind or seismic) will be distributed to the spheroid vessel columns by tension bracing spanning between the columns. Both wind and seismic conditions shall be considered. For purposes of analysis, the sphere is assumed a rigid body with the applied horizontal external load being distributed to each braced panel in proportion to the stiffness of the panel in the direction of the applied load. The sum of the component panel shears parallel with the loading must be equal to the applied external load. Panel Shear (Vp), the shear between columns which is transferred to the pedestals by the tension bracing, can be calculated as follows: V p = 2 V x ( 2 cos ) / n where V = total horizontal force acting on the vessel and columns n = number of columns = angle between panel and direction of horizontal force Load Combinations The following load combinations will be used in the foundation design: Empty weight plus wind (or seismic) Operating weight plus wind (or seismic) Test weight plus reduced wind Load Combinations shall be calculated in accordance with Job Specification. The weight of the foundation and of the soil on top of the foundation shall be included as dead load in all of these load combinations. You can actually create new load combinations through the Load Combination button but in this example, we will use Import command.
a) Click Load Combination button. The Load Combination form will display as shown.
b) Click Import button. c) Access the load combination file then click Open button. A warning message will appear as shown.
d) Select appropriate button as explained in the warning message form. e) Click Save button. Repeat same procedure for the other foundation groups.
12.2 Select Foundation Design New Version. 12.3 Click OK button. For through discussion on setting other functions such as General, Temperature and Shrinkage/Stability, Tank Design, Detail Report Option and Contents, you may refer to help menu.
12.4 Using Conventional Rigid Method. a) Select Rigid Method Foundation Design option.
c) Click Report button. The calculation report will display as shown below.
c) Click OK button.
13.2 For All Foundation structures. a) From Design menu, select Quantity (BOM) then Take off BOM 3D (All Structure).
c) Click OK button. d) Check structures to include BOM Take off calculation from the form below.
e) Click OK button. The Bill of Material form will display as shown below.
15. Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS, PDS Frame Work Plus) Today, plant design works involve many design parts, modeling objects from each part allows other parts to assess those object on their work process helping streamlining the work process through project completion. A 3D foundation model of the objects designed by various design parts effectively communicates the geometric design data. Therefore automating the work process from design to 3D modeling forms an integral component of reducing overall project cost. With our design to modeling interface from AFES to Frameworks Plus, you will experience significant productivity. 15.1 Export to PDS a) Click Export PDS Data button. A dialogue form will display as shown.
b) Set Output unit and coordinate mapping options. c) Check Send Model Data to PDS option then click OK button. 15.2 Export to PDMS a) Click Export PDMS Data button. A dialogue form will display as shown.
b) Set various parameters accordingly and click OK button. For further discussions, you may refer to Help PDF manuals.