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01. What are the various uses of concave mirrors? 02. What are the various sign conventions for reflection by spherical mirrors? 03. A convex mirror used for rear view on an automobile has a radius of curvature of 3m. If a bus is located at 5m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image. 04. What are the various factors of refraction of light? 05. (a) Define Power of a Lens. Write its SI unit. (b) Find the focal length of a lens of power 2 D. What type of lens is this?
24. Name the type of mirror which is used in the head lights of a car. Why is it used for this purpose? 25. What is lateral inversion? 26. Define the principal focus of a convex lens. 27. Which mirror has a wider view of field, concave or convex mirror? 28. Name the spherical mirror which has (a) virtual principal focus (b) real principal focus. 29. Define linear magnification produced by a mirror. 30. What is the mirrors formula? 31. The power of a combination of two lenses X and Y is 5D. If the focal length of lens X be 15 cm, what is the focal length of lens Y? 32. A ray of light is incident normally on a plane mirror. What will be the angle of incidence and angle of reflection? 33. The power of a lens is +4D. What kind of lens is it and what is its focal length? 34. What is the unit of refractive index? 35. Name the physical quantity whose unit is dioptre.
alkanes: -single bond - CxH2x+2 AlkENEs: -CxH2x -double bond Alkynes: CxH2x-2 - triple bond
Alkane, alkene and alkyne are hydrocarbon Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon (containing single bond) and gives substitution reaction. Alkene is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing double bond) and give addition reaction. Alkyne is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing triple bond ) and give both addition and substitution reaction. How to distinguish between Alkane and Alkene Alkene decolourizes reddish brown bromine solution. But Alkane does not. e.g. CH2=CH2 + Br2 (reddish brown) ---------> CH2Br-CH2Br (colourless) ethene ethene dibromide CH3 - CH3 + Br2 ---------> no decolourization ethane Alkene and Alkyne Alkyne give red precipitate on mixing with ammoniacal copper (I) chloride. But Alkene does not. C2H2 + Cu2Cl2 + 2NH3 = C2Cu2 + 2 NH4Cl Ethyne (acetylene) dicopper acetylide(red ppt) (metal such as copper replace the triple bonded hydrogen from the ethyne) CH2=CH2 + Cu2Cl2 + NH3 = no reaction(because there is no replaceable or acidic hydrogen to be replaced by copper)
all three have neglibigle solubility in water but the alkynes have the most; primarily due to similar densities. Alkynes have higher boiling points than alkanes or alkenes, because the electric field of an alkyne, with its increased number of weakly held pi electrons because of the triple bond. Because of these weakly held election its electric feild is more easily distorted, producing stronger attractive forces between molecules. This holds the molecules together at higher temps preventing vaporization.