Fluid Mechanics

Rise Academy, 607/608-A, Talwandi , Kota (Raj.) -324005.
212
Exercise # 1
1.3 g(H h)
because pressure varies with height.
i l i + i; ii l(ln n ri ni r |
1.4
1
1
A
g m
=
2
2
A
g m
Solving,r m
2
= 3.75 kg.
1.5 W
A
> W
B
as mass of water in A is more than in B
W
A
> W
B
l A i -i B ii r
P
A
= P
B
Area of A = Area of B
-i i A = -i i B
or i P
A
Area
A
= P
B
Area
B
P
A
-i i
A
= P
B
-i i
B
or i F
A
= F
B
1.8 (i) a = a
0
(
i
j
+
k
)
As there is no gravity; the pressure difference will be only due to the acceleration.
At point B the pseudo force is maximum hence pressure is maximum.
At point H the pseudo force is minimum hence pressure is minimum
ri i ; ^ -( ri r n i - l(n -(i ii ri î|
l B - lin- r ;l i ii lin- r |
l H - - r ;l i ii - r |
1.9 ( ) ) x ( 60 sin x d 2 + + sin 60 = ( + d) ( x) sin 60 + x sin 60
on solving r
x =
3
2.4 mg = 60 .................(i)
mg
i
vg = 40 .................(ii)
mg
g v mg

=
3
2
or i
0
= 3
where
0
= density of the block and
= density of the liquid.

ri
0
= l i i-( nii
= ( i i-(
2.5 AU = mgh
AU = (o
b
o
)

vgh
FLUID MECHANICS
Rise Academy, 607/608-A, Talwandi , Kota (Raj.) -324005. 213
2.6 10
3

5
4
+ 13.5 10
3

5
1
= 1
or i = 3.5 10
3
kg/m
3
2.7 [36
v
l
]g = [48
v
2
]g
g
9
36
36
i (
|
.
|
\
|

=
g
48
48
0
i
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
Solving r ,
0
= 3.
2.8 In stable equilibrium the object comes to its original state if disturbed.
ii(-ii - l li (-n i l(ln i li i , ni r (i i ili l-iln i in ni
r |
2.9 As, weight = Buoyant force
ii = -i(
mg = [100 6 0.6 g] + (100 1 4)g
m = 760 gm.
3.6 from equation of continuity,
i -ni -ii
(A 3) = (A 1.5) + (1.5 A V)
V = 1 m/s
2
3.7 From continuity equation, velocity at cross-section (1) is more than that at cross-section (2).
i -ni -ii -i i- -i i (1) i ( ^ -i i- (2) ( ^ li ri î|
Hence n ; P
1
< P
2
3.8* x = 2 ) h H ( H
x
1
= 2
20 70
x
2
= 2
30 60
x
3
= 2
50 40
x
4
= 2
40 50
or x
3
= x
4
= maximum lin-
EXERCISE # 2
PART-I
3. Since not touching,
i l ri r |
So ;l R = F
b
=
l
(vg) = 40g.
R' R = 80g 40g = 40g
Hence R' will be 40g more than R
n R', R 40g ii r |
4. By action reaction, F
b
is internal
l>i lnl>i , F
b
i nl r |
So, balance weight = (m
1
+ m
2
)g.
n, n ln ii = (m
1
+ m
2
)g.
and extra mass = 10 g
nii lnln -i = 10g
5. F
th
=
dt
dp 2
=
dt
dm
V 2
=
V 2
[ L ] = VL 2
7.
Velocity of efflux of water ir l (i i ( ^ (v) =
|
.
|
\
|
2
h
g 2
= gh
force on ejected water = Rate of change of momentum of ejected water.
ir l (i = ir l (i ( ^ - l(n i
= (av) (v)
= av
2
Torque of these forces about central line l ii i -i ; i i ii i
= (av
2
) 2R . 2
= 4av
2
R = 4 agh R
10. Pressure exerted by fluid at closed end B is
( ,ii l B ^ (ii i
P = g
force exerted by fluid at closed end B is
( ,ii l B ^ (ii
F = PA = g A
0
11. For the given situation, liquid of density 2

r should be behind that of r.
i ^; l-iln l, 2

i-( (ii (

i-( (i ( l ri î|
From right limb ii i i l :
P
A
= P
atm
+

gh
P
B
= P
A
+

a
2
= P
atm
+

gh +

a
2
P
C
= P
B
+ (2)

a
2
= P
atm
+

gh +
2
3

a .... (1)
But from left limb : l ii i i l :
P
C
= P
atm
+ (2

)

gh .... (2)
From (1) and (2) : -ii (1) ( (2)
P
atm
+

gh +
2
3

a = P
atm
+ 2

gh h =
g 2
a 3
Ans.
12. No sliding pure rolling
i ; l ri r n i , i -i ^ln ri î|
Therefore, acceleration of the tube = 2a (since COM of cylinders are moving at 'a')
n, li i -(i = 2a i l i -i a -(i ^ln-i r |
P
A
= P
atm
+

(2a) L (From horizontal limb -i ln i i )
Also ;i i ; P
A
= P
atm
+

g

H (From vertical limb (i i i i ) a =
L 2
gH
Ans.
15. As long as s
W
, pressure at the bottom of the pan would be same everywhere, according to the Pascals law.
ri s
W
ii i nr i l-i i, i ii ^r -i ri î|
on sol ving ; r sinu
4
3
.
16. The velocity of fluid at the hole is ( i ( ^ : V
2
=
) A / a ( 1
gh 2
2 2
+
Using continuity equation at the two cross-sections (1) and (2) :
i i i- -i i (1) ( (2) i-ni -ii
V
1
A = V
2
a V
1
=
A
a
V
2
acceleration (of top surface) +i nr i -(i =
dh
dV
V
1
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
V
A
a
dh
d
V
A
a
a
1
=
dh
dV
V
A
a
2
2
2
2
=
h 2
1
. g 2 gh 2
A
a
2
2
a
1
=
2
2
A
a g
18. Increasing the temperature of water from 2
0
C to 3
0
C increases its density while decreases the density of
iron.
i ni-i 2 C 3C n i i-( ni r l i r i i-ni r |
Hence the bouyant force increases.
n -i( î|
19. Pressure at (1) :
(B) (1) i
P
1
= P
atm
+

g (2h)
Applying Bernoulli's theorum between points (1) and (2)
l i (1) ( (2) - i i - ii ln
[P
atm
+ 2

g

h] + g(2h) +
2
1
(2

) (0)
2
= P
atm
+ (2

) g

(0)

+
2
1
(2

) v
2
v = 2 gh Ans.
20. y =
y 2
r
2 2
e
Put values and get y = 2cm.
-i i y = 2cm in ri î|
23. The four piston are initially in equilibrium. As additional force F is applied to each piston, the pressure in fluid at
each point must be increased by
A
F
so that each piston retains state of equilibrium.
i l-- ii - ii(-ii - r | i l lnln F - l-- ii ln r , ( - - l i
A
F

ini r | nil - l-- ii(-ii i l-iln - r |
Thus the increment in pressure at each point is AP =
A
F
(by Pascals law)
; i - l i - (l, r AP =
A
F
(i- l- )
27*. Let completely submerged in water, then
-ii - i n i r i r , n
F
b
= 1000 > mg(920) So, not possible n, r i( ri r |
Let complete in oil -ii i n n - r |
F
b
= (0.6) (4) (1000 + (1) (6) (100) = 840
F
b
< mg So, not possible n r i( ri r |
So, let 'x' part in oil and remaining in water -ii x ii^ n r i i i - r |
920 = [(1) (10 x) + (0.6) (x)] 100
9.2 = 10 x + 0.6 x
0.4 x = 0.8
x = 2 cm.
28. PV = constant
(Assumed isothermal process) -ii r l>i -nii l>i r |
EXERCISE # 3
1.2 Pressure varies with height + i; ii i l(n P = gh
and is horizontal with acceleration nii -i ln - -(i ii P = a
so on (A) gh part is zero while average force of ax is
n (A) - gh (ii ii^ i ri î l i n ax r |
] [
2
a 0
2
+
= ) (
2
a
2
=
2
) (
3

a =
2
ma
In (B) a part is zero while average force of gx is
(B) - a (ii ii^ i r l i n gx r |
| |
2
2
g 0
+
=
2
g
(
3
)
=
2
) (
3

(g) =
2
ma
Similarly for other part. ;i i l ri î
1.3 (A) On ABCD avg pressure = (
+
2
gh 0
1
(A) ABCD i n i = (
+
2
gh 0
1
So n F =
] h [
2
gh
1

(

=
2
gh
2
1

(B) No contact of
2
and not any pressure on ABCD due to
2
(B)
2
i ri ii ri r nii
2
ii ABCD i ; i ri r |
(C) On CDEF due to
1
, at every point pressure is
1
gh so average is also
1
gh
so F = (
1
gh) (h) =
1
gh
2
(C)
1
ii CDEF - l i
1
gh r n i n ii
1
gh ri î|
n F = (
1
gh) (h) =
1
gh
2
(D) On CDEF force due to liquid of density

2
is
| |
2
gh
2
2

(D)
2
ii CDEF
| |
2
gh
2
2

r |
2.4 Using equation of continuity A
1
v
1
= A
2
v
2
(12 cm
2
)v
A
= (6 cm
2
) (8.0 m/s)
v
A
= 4.0 m/s
2.5 Applying Bernoulli's principle between point A and C that are at same horizontal level
A
2
A
p V .
2
1
+ =
atm
2
C
p V .
2
1
+
p
A
= (1.01 10
5
N/m
2
) +
2
1
13,600 (8
2
4
2
)
= 4.27 10
5
N/m
2
2.6 By applying Bernoulli's equation between point B and C and using equation of continuity
v
B
= 8.57 m/s
2.7 Apparent weight iiii ii (W
app.
) = W V
g
Since i l, W
app. (Ram)
> W
app. (Shyam)
W
(Ram)
> W
(Shyam)
Therefore, from given passage shyam has more fat than Ram.
n l ^ - i- i (i (( i- li ri î|
2.8 V
1
> V
2
W
app. (1)
< W
app. (2)
(Since W
app.
= W V
g)
Hence (B)
2.9
Salt waver
>
Fresh waver
W
app. (s)
< W
app. (F)
Hence (A)
2.10 Let 'V' be the total volume of the person -ii l- i in V r n
Then ;
|
.
|
\
|
4
V
(0.4 10
3
) +
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
3
10
3
4
V
4
3
= 165
V =
1100
165
Reading on spring balance under water is :
ii l- ^ n i i i- i
W
app
= [165 10] (
1100
165
[10
3
] [10]
= 150 N
2.11 Just after the string is cut :
- i ^ i i- n n i
a =
165
150
= 0.91 m/s
2
3.1 By pascal law assertion is correct and since reason is one of the assumption considered in fluid and due
to this reason is correct explanation of assertion.
i- l- iii i ri r nii ii ili - -i r n ;l ii i i
ri ii ni r |
3.2 From archimedes principle statement-2 is correct explanation of statement-1.
il -ii l,in , (n-2, (n-1 i ri --ii r |
3.4 As the oil is poured till it covers the object completely, pressure in water at all points keeps on increasing. As
a result upward force on object exerted by water increases and the object moves up for the given duration.
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ri n ii ini r ( (-n i ni ini r | ii - i - l ni ini r | lii- -( ii ,ii
(-n + i i îi î ni ini r l (-n + i i ^ln ni r | n (n-1 ( (n-2 -
r | ( (n-2, (n-1 i ri --ii ni r |
4.1 Pressure is always acting normal to area, hence it is considered as scalar.
i ( -i i li i n r , ;l r li -ii ini r |
4.2 On increasing the temperature of mercury its density will decrease.Hence,level of mercury in barometer tube will
increase.
ni-i i i i i-( i-ni r n i-ii - i i +i ; î|
4.3 When tube is heated the density of water at A will decrease, hence the water will rise up or it will circulate in
clockwise direction
i i ^- li ini r ni A i i-( - ri ni r n + - î nii r n r l-iii(n lii
- (ni ^ln î|
4.4 When ice melts level of water does not change. In case of lead, it was initially floating i.e., it would had displaced
the water equal to the weight of lead. So, volume of water displaced would be,
lini r i nr l(ln n ri ri ni r i i l-ini - r ii - n ni r | r i ii i
ii i r-i î n r-i ^ i in
V
1
=
w
m
( m = mass of lead i i -i)

Now, when ice melts lead will sink and it would displace the water equal to the volume of lead itself.So, volume
of water displaced in this case would be,
lini r ni ii ni r n r in i ii i r-ini r n ; l-ini - r-i ^ i
in
V
2
=
m
Now , as i l

>
w
, V
2
> V
1
or level will fall. n ii i -n i l^ î
5.1 AP =
A
g M
V
V A
=
K
P A
=
AK
g M
Now as i l , V =
3
4
tR
3
i or V R
3
V
V A
= 3
|
.
|
\
| A
R
R
or i
R
R A
=
3
1

|
.
|
\
| A
V
V
...........(1)
From equation -ii (1)
R
R A
=
3AK
g M
5.2 The condition of floating is , n l in
Weight = Upthrust ii = ii ln (-i( )
V
1
g = V
i

2
g (
1
= density of metal iin i i-( ,
2
= density of mercury i i i-( )
V
V
i
=
2
1
= fraction of volume of metal submerged in mercury i - r iin in i ii^ -ii

= x say r
Now, when the temperature is increased by AT.
ni-i AT ii ini r
=
T A +
1
1
1
and nii
2
=
T A +
2
2
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
A + T
1
1
1
|
|
.
|
\
| A +
2
2
1
T
=
2
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
A +
A +
T
T
1
2
1
1
= x ( T A +
2
1 )( T A +
1
1 )
1
~
x ( T A +
2
1 ) ( T A
1
1 )
~
x [ 1+(
2

1
) AT ] ( Ignoring the ferm
1

2
AT . AT ) i -i
x
x
'
= 1 + (
2

1
) AT
Note : That if
2
>
1 ,
x
> x i.e., fraction will increase and if

2
<
1
, x
< x i.e., fraction will decrease.

uks V : l
2
>
1 ,
x
> x ni in î nii l
2
<
1
, x
< x ni in i- î|
5.3 From continuity equation i- ni -ii
A
1
v
1
= A
2
v
2
v
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
1
A
A
v
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
5
10
(1) = 2 m/s
Applying Bernoullis theorem at 1 and 2
1 i 2 i i -

v
2 v
1
1
2
P
2
+
2
1
v
2
2
= P
1
+
2
1
v
1
2
P
2
= P
1
+
2
1
(v
1
2
v
2
2
)
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ ) 4 1 ( 10
2
1
2000
3
P
2
= 500 Pa
6.6 In water - a = g
|
So, by symmetry in air and water in acceleration distance travelled = 19.6 m.
t = g / h 2 2 =
8 . 9 / 6 . 19 2 2
= 4 sec.
;l, i (i - -(i i -ini ii n i ^; i = 19.6 m
7.2
l
G
B
C
2
L
2
l
Y
com
m
Figure (1)
(M+m)g
Figure (2)
B
F
C
Let M = Mass of stick = tR
2
L
= Immersed length of the rod
G = COM of rod
B = Centre of buoyant force (F)
C = COM of rod + mass (m)
Y
com
= Distance of C from bottom of the rod
Mass m should be attached to the lower end because otherwise B will be below G and C will be above G
and the torque of the couple of two equal and opposite forces F and (M + m ) g will be counter clockwise
on displacing the rotational equilibrium. See the figure 3 given alongside.
For vertical equilibrium
Mg + mg = F (upthrust )
(M+m)g
Figure (3)
B
F
C
m
or (tR
2
L g) + mg = ( tR
2
l) o g
l =
|
|
.
|
\
|
o t
+ t
2
2
R
m L R
......(1)
Position of COM (of rod + m ) from bottom
Y
com
=
m M
2
L
M
+
=
m ) L R (
2
L
) L R (
2
2
+ t
t
.... (2)
Centre of buoyancy (B) is at a height of
2
l
from the bottom.
We can see from figure (2) that for rotational equilibrium of the rod, B should either lie above C or at the
same level of B.
Therefore
2
l
>
Y
COM
or
>
o t
+ t
2
2
R 2
m L R
( )
( ) m L R
2
L
L R
2
2
+ t
t
or m + t L R
2
> L R
2
t
o or m
> L R
2
t
) ( o
Minimum value of m is
L R
2
t
) ( o Ans.
l
G
B
C
2
L
2
l
Y
com
m
Figure (1)
(M+m)g
Figure (2)
B
F
C
-ii M = i -i = tR
2
L
= i r ii^ i i;
G = i -i
B = -i( i (F)
C = + -i (m) i COM
Y
com
= ln l -i i i
l li m -i i r i ri i ilr ri ni l B, G i ri î i C, G + ri î nii
i i i i(-ii l(-iiln i -i nii l(in - F nii (M + m ) g i ii i (i-i(n
lii - ri ^ | i l li - li î r |
(i i ii(-ii l
Mg + mg = F (+ i i )
(M+m)g
Figure (3)
B
F
C
m
i (tR
2
L g) + mg = ( tR
2
l) o g
l =
|
|
.
|
\
|
o t
+ t
2
2
R
m L R
......(1)
l l ( + m ) COM i l-iln
Y
com
=
m M
2
L
M
+
=
m ) L R (
2
L
) L R (
2
2
+ t
t
.... (2)
-i( (B) i , l l
2
l
i r |
r- li (2) i n r l i i i ii(-ii l B i ni C + ri î i B i- nr
ri î|
n
2
l
>
Y
COM
i
>
o t
+ t
2
2
R 2
m L R
( )
( ) m L R
2
L
L R
2
2
+ t
t
i m + t L R
2
> L R
2
t
o i m
> L R
2
t
) ( o
m i n- -i
L R
2
t
) ( o Ans.
7.3 In elastic collision with the surface, direction of velocity is reversed but its magnitude remains the same. Therefore,
time of fall = time of rise.
nr -i-i - - ( ^ i lii l(ln ri ini r n ;i l-ii l(ln n rni r |
n l^ i - = i i -
or time of fall = t
1/2
i l^ i - = t
1/2
Hence, velocity of the ball just before it collides with liquid is
n ( i nr -in - ^ i ( ^
v = g
2
t
1
....(1)
Retardation inside the liquid
( -
a =
mass
weight upthrust
=
-i
ii -i(
=
Vd
Vdg g Vd
L

=
|
.
|
\
|
d
d g d
L
g(V = volume of ball^ i in) ....(2)
Time taken to come to rest under this retardation will be
- ii ^ l-ii(-ii n i - î -
) d d ( 2
dt
g
d
d d
2
gt
a 2
gt
a
v
t
L
1
L
1 1
=
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
Same will be the time to come back on the liquid surface.
Therefore,
ii ( nr n i - î - ii -i ri î
n
(a) t
2
= time the ball takes to came back to the position from where it was released
^ i ri i i î r ili l-iln n (i i - li î -
= t
1
+ 2t = t
1
+
d d
dt
L
1
= (
+
d d
d
1 t
L
1
or i t
2
=
d d
d t
L
L 1
(b) The motion of the ball is periodic but not simple harmonic because the acceleration of the ball is g in air
and
g
d
d d
L
|
.
|
\
|
inside the liquid which is not proportional to the displacement, which is necessary and sufficient
condition for SHM.
^ i ^ln i(l-i riî n i(-i ^ln ri riî il ^ i r(i - -(i g r nii ( - -(i
g
d
d d
L
|
.
|
\
|
r i l l(-ii -i ini ri r | i l i( -i ^ln l i( in r |
(c) When d
L
= d, retardation or acceleration inside the liquid becomes zero (upthrust = weight). Therefore,
the ball will continue to move with constant velocity v = gt
1
/ 2 inside the liquid.
d
L
= d, r n ( - (-(i) i r i l -i( , ii i r n ^ ln ( ^
v = gt
1
/ 2 ( ^ln î|
EXERCISE # 4
1. [F
l ower
F
upper
] by
liquid
= Upthrust
F
2
F
1
= upthrust
F
2
= F
1
+ upthrust
F
2
= gh (tR
2
) + Vg
F
2
F
1
Upthrust
or F
2
= g(V + tR
2
h)
In this problem, we did not take the force due to air pressure on the cylinder. This is because force due to
air pressure is cancelled. At top and bottom of the cylinder the force due to air pressure is equal and
opposite.
[F
i
F
+
] ( ,ii = -i(
F
2
F
1
= -i(
F
2
= F
1
+ -i(
F
2
= gh (tR
2
) + Vg
F
2
F
1
Upthrust
i F
2
= g(V + tR
2
h)
; - (i i ii ri li î r | i l (i i ii i l-n n
r|
2. will decrease because the block moves up. h will decrease because the coin will displace the volume of
water (V
1
) equal to its own volume when it is in the water whereas when it is on the block it will displace
the volume of water (V
2
) whose weight is equal to weight of coin and since density of coin is greater than
the density of water V
1
< V
2
.
i- î i l i + i î h i- î i l li -( in lni (V
1
) l(-iiln î r ii -
ri î| ln r i ri î ni ii n - i in (V
2
) l(-iiln î| l l i i-(
i-( li r n V
1
< V
2
.
3. (i)
Air
A
B
h
h
A
h
B
Liquid A is applying the hydrostatic force on cylinder from all the sides. So net force is zero.
(ii) In, equilibrium :
Weight of cylinder = Net upthrust on the cylinder
Let s be the area of crosssection of the cylinder, then
weight = (s) (h + h
A
+ h
B
)
cyl inder
g
and upthrust on the cylinder
= upthrust due to liquid A + upthrust due to liquid B
= sh
A
A
g

+ sh
B
B
g
Equating these two
s(h +h
A
+ h
B
)
cyl inder
g = sh
A
A
g + sh
B
B
g
or (h +h
A
+ h
B
)
cylinder
= h
A
A
+ h
B
B
Substituting h
A
= 1.02 cm h
B
= 0.8 cm,
A
= 0.7 gm/cm
3
B
= 1.02 gm/cm
3
and
cyl inder
= 0.8 gm/cm
3
in the above equation we get :
h = 0.25 cm Ans.
(iii) Net upward force = extra upthrust
= sh
B
g
Net acceleration a =
cylinder of mass
force
or a =
cylinder B A
B
) h h s(h
g sh
+ +

or a =
cylinder B A
Bg
) h h h (
h
+ +

Substituting the values of h, h
A
,h
B
,
B
and
cyl inder
we get
a =
6
g
(upwards) Ans.
Sol. (i)
Air
A
B
h
h
A
h
B
ii i ( A -i ln i ii ln ri r n i ri î|
(ii) ii(-ii -
i ii = + i lii - |
-ii i i- -i i s r ni
ii = (s) (h + h
A
+ h
B
)
g
+ i lii -
= ( A ii + ( B ii
= sh
A
A
g

+ sh
B
B
g
n i i i n -ni
s(h +h
A
+ h
B
)

g = sh
A
A
g + sh
B
B
g
i (h +h
A
+ h
B
)
= h
A
A
+ h
B
B
ln-iiln h
A
= 1.02 cm h
B
= 0.8 cm,
A
= 0.7 gm/cm
3
B
= 1.02 gm/cm
3
i
= 0.8 gm/cm
3
n -ii - ln-iiln :
h = 0.25 cm Ans.
( p i -i ln-iiln in ri î ( = (+ i i )
(iii) + i lii - = lnln -i(
= sh
B
g
-(i a =
i -i

i a =
+ +

) h h s(h
g sh
B A
B
i a =
+ +

) h h h (
g h
B A
B
h, h
A
, h
B
,
B
(

i -i ln-iiln in ri î|
a =
6
g
(+ i i ) Ans.
4. From equation of continuity (Av = constant)
4
t
(8)
2
(0.25) =
4
t
(2)
2
(v)
Here, v is the velocity of water with which water comes out of the syringe (Horizontally).
Solving eq. (i), we get
v = 4m/s
The path of water after leaving the syringe will be parabola. Substituting proper values in equation of trajectory.
y = x tanu
u
2 2
2
cos u 2
gx
we have, 1.25 = R tan0
0 cos ) 4 )( 2 (
) R )( 10 (
2 2
2
(R = horizontal range)
Solving this equation, we get
R = 2m.
i n- i -ii (Av = lni )
4
t
(8)
2
(0.25) =
4
t
(2)
2
(v)
ri v i ( ^ r l ii ir lni r (-i ln) -ii (i) i r r- in r
v = 4m/s
ii ir l i i ( ri î| i i -ii - n -i ln-iiln
y = x tanu
u
2 2
2
cos u 2
gx
1.25 = R tan0
0 cos ) 4 )( 2 (
) R )( 10 (
2 2
2
(R = -i ln i)
-ii i r r- in r
R = 2m.
5. Apply continuity equation A
1
V
1
= A
2
V
2
and Bernauli theorum
0
p
+
2
v
2
+ gh = constant at the top and at
the hole.
i -ni -ii A
1
V
1
= A
2
V
2
i i i -
0
p
+
2
v
2
+ gh = i nr i ln r
6. For circular motion of small element dx. we have
i - -i i dx i (-ii ^ln
dF = (dm)xe
2
(dp) A = (Adx). xe
2
or i dP = e
2
x.dx
} }
e =
2
1
P
P
L
0
2
dx x dP
P
2
P
1
=
2
L
2 2
e
gH =
2
L
2 2
e
H =
g 2
L
2 2
e
7. A
1
= tr
2
= area of base of cylinder in air
A
2
= 3tr
2
= area of base of cylinder in water
A
3
= 4tr
2
= cross-section area of cylinder
A
1
= tr
2
= r(i - iii i -i i
A
2
= 3tr
2
= ii - iii i -i i
A
3
= 4tr
2
= -i i- i -i i
(P + h g)A
a 1 3
r
r
3
gHA
3
(P )A
a 1
{P + g (h + H)}A
a 1 2
r
from the equilibrium of block (see diagram)
^- i ii(-ii li li ( )
Equating the forces, we get i i i
(P
a
+ gh
1
)A
3
+
3
gH A A
3
= (P
a
)A
1
+ [P
a
+ g(h
1
+ H)]A
2
On solving r
h
1
=
3
5
H
8. (A)
P
a
A
3
+
3
A
3
Hg = P
a
A
3
+ gh
2
A
2
P A
a 3
3
gHA
3
(P )A
a 3
g h A
2 2
from the equilibrium of block (see diagram)
h
2
= 4H/9.
9. For h
2
< 4h/9 cylinder does not move up because further bouyant force decreases while the weight of block
remains same.
h
2
< 4h/9 l + i i ^ln ri î i l -i( i- i î i ^ - i ii (ri r î|
10. Since it is open from the top, the pressure will be P
0
l + i i r , i P
0
ri î |
11. Resultant force on the pistion is zero (Let pressure in air be P.)
From the equilibrium of the piston
Mg
(P P) R
0
t
2
(P
0
P) tR
2
= Mg
P = P
0

2
R
Mg
t
From the conservation of moles of air :
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
, it follows that
P
0
. 2L = Px
x =
P
L 2 . P
0
=
2
0
0
R
Mg
P
L 2 P
t
l-- lii-i i r (-ii (i - i P r )
l-- i ii(-ii
Mg
(P P) R
0
t
2
(P
0
P) tR
2
= Mg
P = P
0

2
R
Mg
t
(i -i i -ii :
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
P
0
. 2L = Px
x =
P
L 2 . P
0
=
2
0
0
R
Mg
P
L 2 P
t
12. Pressure in air inside cylinder = Pressure at point A = P
0
+(L
0
H) g
PV = constant in the air inside the cylinder
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
P +(L H) g
0 0

+
L H
0
A
P
0
L
0
= [P
0
+ (L
0
H)g] (L
0
H)
P
0
(L
0
H) + g (L
0
H)
2
P
0
L
0
= 0
(i - i = l A i A = P
0
+(L
0
H) g
PV = (i l ln
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
P +(L H) g
0 0

+
L H
0
A
P
0
L
0
= [P
0
+ (L
0
H)g] (L
0
H)
P
0
(L
0
H) + g (L
0
H)
2
P
0
L
0
= 0
13. As the stream falls down, its speed will increase and cross-section area will decrease.
Thus it will become narrow.
Similarly as the stream will go up, speed will decrease and cross-section area will increase.
Thus it will become broader.
Hence statement-1 is correct and statement-2 is correct explanation also.
ri iii i l^ni r ;i i î n iii (stream) i -i i- -i i - ri ni i î ;i nr
iii (stream) + i i i î i i- î nii -i i î n
r i i ri i î|
n n-1 ri r nii n-2, n-1 i ri --ii r |
14. The buoyancy force is the force due to the pressure of the liquid.
The forces on the bubble (except buoyancy force) are gravity and viscous.
-i( ( i ii r | -i( i(i ^ -(ii i ( i i n r |
15. The gas in the bubble is insulated. Hence the process is adiabatic. For adiabatic process
- ^ l(l^n r | ;l >- ,i - r | ,i - >- l
1
p
T
= constant lni T
f
= T
i

|
|
.
|
\
|
1
i
f
p
p
T
f
= T
0

+
+
1
0
0
gH P
) y H ( g P
= T
0

3 / 5
1 3 / 5
0
0
gH P
) y H ( g P

(
+
+
= T
0

5
2
0
0
gH P
) y H ( g P
(
+
+
16. F = V
f
.
.g =
g .
P
nRT
f
f
= nR. T
0

5
2
0
0
gH P
) y H ( g P
(
+
+

) y H ( g P
g .
0
+

= 5 / 3
0
5 / 2
0
0
)] y H ( g P .[ ) gH P (
T g R . n .
+ +

17.
(p)
Net force on Y due to X =
2 2
) sin mg ( ) cos mg ( u + u = mg
(B) As the inclined is fixed. So, gravitational P.E. of X is constant
(C) As K.E. is constant and P.E. of Y is decreasing. So mechanical energy of (X + Y) is decreasing.
(q)
(A) force on Y due to X will be greater than mg which is equal to (Mg + repulsion force)
(B) As the system is moving up, P.E. of X is increasing.
(C) Mechanical energy of (X + Y) is increasing
(D) Torque of the weight of Y about point P = 0
(r)
(A) force on Y due to X =
2 2
0
) mg ( ] g ) m m [( + +
(B) As the system moves down, gravitational P.E. of X decreases
(C) As the system moves down, total mechanical energy of (X + Y) also decreases
(D) t
P
= 0
(s)
(A) force on Y due to X = Buoyancy force which is less than mg
(B) As the sphere moves down, that volume of water comes up, so gravitational P.E. of X increases.
(C) As there is no nonconservative force, so total mechanical energy of X + Y remains conserved.
(D) t
p
= 0
(t)
(A) As the sphere is moving with constant velocity
B + f
v
= Mg
so force on Y due to X is B + f
v
= mg
(B) As the sphere moves down, that volume of water comes up, so gravitational P.E. of X will increase
(C) Increase in mechanical energy
= w
fr
= ve
(D) t
p
= 0
(p)
Y X ii ^ (ii X =
2 2
) sin Mg ( ) cos Mg ( u + u = Mg
(B) i l nn l-i r | n X i ^ -(i l-iln +i ln ri î|
(C) i l ^ln +i ln r i Y i l-iln +i i- î| n (X + Y) i i li +i i- î|
(q)
(A) X ii Y ^ (ii Mg ii ri î, i l (Mg + lni i ) n - ri î|
(B) i l li + i i ^ln-i r n X i l-iln +i î|
(C) (X + Y) i i li +i î|
(D) Y ii i l P i -i ii i i ri î|
(r)
(A) X ii, Y ^ (ii X =
2 2
0
) Mg ( ] g ) m M [( + +
(B) i l li, i i i ^ln-i r n X i ^ -(i l-iln +i i- î|
(C) i l li i i i ^ln-i r n (X + Y) i i li +i ii i- î|
(D) t
P
= 0
(s)
(A) X ii Y ^ (ii , -i( ri î i l Mg - ri î|
(B) i l î i i i i ^ln-i r n ii i in + i i iî, n X i ^-(i l-iln +i î|
(C) i l ri i ; i ri r , n X + Y i i li +i ln r î|
(D) t
p
= 0
(t)
(A) i l î i, ln ( ^ ^ln-i r
B + f
v
= Mg
n X ii Y ^ (ii B + f
v
= Mg ri î|
(B) i l î i i i i ^ln-i r n ii i in + i i i î l X i ^-(i l-iln +i î|
(C) i li +i - (l, ri î
= w
fr
= ve
(D) t
p
= 0
18._
P
0
= atmospheric pressure
P + 200 10
3
1000 10 = P
0
....(1)
P =
mm 300
mm ) H 500 ( P
0

....(2)
from (1) and (2)
300
) H 500 ( P
0

+ 2000 = P
0
300
) H 500 ( 10
5

+ 2000 = 10
5
5 10
7
H 10
5
+ 6 = 300
H = 206 mm
fall in height = 6 mm
P
0
= (i -i i
P + 200 10
3
1000 10 = P
0
....(1)
P
0
(500 H) = P . (300 mm)
P =
mm 300
mm ) H 500 ( P
0

....(2)
-ii (1) ( (2)
300
) H 500 ( P
0

+ 2000 = P
0
300
) H 500 ( 10
5

+ 2000 = 10
5
5 10
7
H 10
5
+ 6 = 300
H = 206 mm
+ i; - -i = 6 mm Ans. 6
19. d
F
> d
A
d
B
> d
F
& d
A
Vg

+ d
B
Vg

= d
F
(2V)g
d
A
+ d
B
= 2d
F
20. Weight of water inside cylinder + weight of cylinder = buoyancy force
m
W
g + mg =
w
.
2
v
g
w
v
f
+ v
s
=
w
.
2
v
v
f
=
2
v

c
. v
s
now for any value of
c
v
f
is less than v/2 so.
PART - II
1. As l P.E. = K.E.
mgh =
2
1
mv
2
h=20m
v
v = gh 2
=
20 10 2
[Here : g = 10 m/s
2
]
= 20 m/s
2. Since solid ball floats in between the two liquids hence
1
<
3
<
2
l ^ i i (i i n ni r n
1
<
3
<
2
3. For equilibrium, weight should be balanced by buoyant force.
density of oil < density of water
and ball should be in between oil and water.
i-( ii ^ i r ri
n
< <
ii
i
n
i
ii
>-i n ( ii i-( ii n r | n (
ii l-ii r | ; n i ii l-i - - ^ l ii(-ii - r , n lillin - i i li ;i
ii(-ii l-iln i ii ni r `
(1) (2) (3) (4)
ii(-ii l ii, -i( n ln ri ni r |
n i-( < i-(
( ^ i l-iln n ( - ri i ilr|

Fluid Mechanics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fluid Mechanics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rise Academy, 607/608-A, Talwandi , Kota (Raj.) -324005.

= density of the liquid.

(D) On CDEF force due to liquid of density

( m = mass of lead i i -i)

= fraction of volume of metal submerged in mercury i - r iin in i ii^ -ii

> x i.e., fraction will increase and if

< x i.e., fraction will decrease.

You might also like