Diode Rectifiers

EE 442-642 Fall 2012

5-1

Half-Bridge Rectifier Circuit: R and R-L Load

Current continues to flow for a while even after the input voltage has gone negative.
5-2

Half Bridge Rectifier Circuit: Load with dc back-emf

Current begins to flow when the input voltage exceeds the dc back-emf. Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has gone below the dc back-emf.
5-3

Full Bridge Rectifier Simple R Load

Average value of output voltage where Vs is the RMS value of input voltage.

Vdo (2 2 / )Vs 0.9Vs

5-4

Full Bridge Rectifier Simple Constant Load Current

RSM value of source current

Is Id I sh I s1 / h, h 3,5,7,... DPF 1 PF 0.9

RMS value of fundamental current I s1 ( 2 2 / ) I d 0.9 I d RMS value of harmonic current

Current THD
Displacement Power Factor Power Factor

THD 100[ ( 2 / 8) 1] 48.43%

5-5

Diode-Rectifier Bridge with AC-Side Inductance

Commutation angle:

cos 1

2Ls I d 2Vs 2Ls I d

Average of DC-side voltage: Vd 0.9Vs

5-6

Full Bridge Rectifier with dc-side Voltage

Average value of DC-side current (obtained numerically):

Zero current corresponds to dc voltage equal to the peak of the input ac voltage

5-7

Diode-Rectifier with a Capacitor Filter

5-8

Voltage Distortion at PCC

PCC is the point of common coupling Distorted current flow results in distorted voltage

5-9

Dual Voltage Rectifier

In 115-V position, one capacitor at-a-time is charged from the input.

5-10

Three-Phase, Four-Wire System

A common neutral wire is assumed

The current in the neutral wire is composed mainly of the third harmonic and can be higher than the phase currents
5-11

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

Average value of DC-side voltage:

Vdo

2VLL 1.35VLL

where VLL is the rms value of the Line voltage

5-12

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

RSM value of source current

I s 2 / 3I d 0.816 I d I sh I s1 / h, h 3,5,7,... DPF 1 3 PF 0.955

RMS value of fundamental current I s1 ( 6 / ) I d 0.78 I d RMS value of harmonic current

Current THD
Displacement Power Factor Power Factor

THD 100[ ( 2 / 9) 1] 31%

5-13

3-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier with ac-side inductance

Commutation angle:

cos 1

2Ls I d 2VLL 3Ls I d

Average of DC-side voltage:

Vd 1.35VLL

5-14

3-Phase Rectifier with DC Source

5-15

Three-Phase Rectifier with Capacitor Filter

PSpice-based analysis
5-16

Inrush Current and Over-voltage at Turn ON

Theroretical maximum voltage across the capacitor occurs when the capacitor is initially discharged and the AC input is switched at its peak:
twice the peak phase voltage (in 1-phase ckts), twice the peak line voltage (in 3-phase ckts).

Overvoltages and inrush currents that follow may be damaging to capacitors and diodes. Possible solution: Use current limiting resistor on the DC side between the rectifier output and filter capacitor. The resistor should be shorted out after few cycles to limit losses.

5-17