Lahore University of Management Sciences

EE 352: Electromechanical Systems (Spring 2013) Assignment: Transformers Due Date: 18 February 2013 (in my office until 6pm)
Instructions: Solve all problems. Provide explanation where necessary. The units of all quantities must be properly mentioned. Q.1: The excitation current of a single phase, 10kVA, 2200/220 V, 60 Hz transformer is 0.25A when measured on the high-voltage side. Its equivalent impedance is 10.4 + j31.3 ohms when referred to the high-voltage side. Taking the transformer rating as base, (a) Determine the base values of voltages, currents and impedances for both high-voltage and low-voltage sides. (b) Express the excitation current in per-unit form for both high-voltage and low-voltage sides. What percent of the full-load current is the excitation current? (c) Obtain the equivalent circuit in per-unit form from the impedances referred to high-voltage side and low-voltage side. Why the per-unit equivalent circuit is the same in both cases? (d) Find the full-load copper loss in per-unit form. How does it compare with the per-unit equivalent resistance? (e) Determine the per-unit voltage regulation (using the per-unit equivalent circuit from part c) when the transformer delivers 75% full load at 0.6 lagging power factor with load voltage of 220V. Q.2: A single phase, 100kVA, 2000/200 V two-winding transformer is connected as an autotransformer in step-up configuration of 2000/2200 V. Find the kVA rating of the autotransformer? What should be the insulation rating for the common and series windings? Should it be same or different? Q.3: Tests are performed on a single phase, 10kVA, 2200/220 V, 60 Hz transformer and the following results are obtained. Open-circuit test (High voltage side open) Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter 220V 2.5A 100W Short-circuit Test (low-voltage side shorted) 150V 4.55A 215W
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(a) Derive the parameters for the approximate equivalent circuits referred to the low voltage side and the high voltage side. Sketch both equivalent circuits and properly label all voltages and currents. (b) Determine the voltage regulation in % when the low voltage side of the transformer is operating under following load conditions: (75% full load, 0.6 power factor leading). Sketch the phasor diagram and properly label the magnitudes and the angles of all vectors. Q.4: A single-phase power system is shown in the following Figure. The power source feeds a 100-kVA 14/2.0-kV transformer through a feeder impedance of 40.0+j150 Ohms. The transformer's equivalent series impedance referred to its low-voltage side is 0.12 + j0.5 Ohms. The load on the transformer is 90 kW at 0.85 PF lagging and 1900 V. (a) What is the voltage at the power source of the system? (b) What is the voltage regulation of the transformer? (c) How efficient is the overall power system?

Q.5: Prove that a transformer having a series impedance of Zeq when connected as an autotransformer has the series impedance Zeq which is related to the Zeq by the following relation: Zeq = Zeq x NSE /(NSE + NC) (Neglect the excitation branch to simplify the above derivation)