The Irish Potato Famine

Caroline Doyle and Kieran McMahon Junior Division Group Website

Primary

Cork Examiner (1846): n. pag. The BBC. The BBC, 21 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/hist/immigrants/irish_in_ireland/newspape rs_irish_ireland.shtml>. This newspaper article from the Cork Examiner 1846 gave us a good picture of the horrors in Ireland at the time of the famine.

"Display Partial Records- Famine Irish Passenger Records." The National Archives. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. <aad.archives.gov >. These records from the AAD Archives gave us a better look at just how many people immigrated to England and America. They provided all necessary info, such as age, name, ship taken, and date of arrival. Stats from these records were placed on the project.

"The Illustrated London News." Vassar College. Vassar College, 9 Aug. 1996. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://adminstaff.vassar.edu/sttaylor/FAMINE/ILN/>. This superb source gave a list of some of the newspaper articles published during the famine by the Illustrated London News. They gave us a very detailed look at all aspects of the famine. We used some of these articles on our website.

"Irish in Ireland: Newspapers." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/hist/immigrants/irish_in_ir eland/newspapers_irish_ireland.shtml>. This website provided us part of a newspaper article published in the Cork Examiner in 1846. This primary source also provides a realistic piece of contemporary artwork portraying the average Irish household at the time over the potato famine: overcrowded, very little to no heating, overcome by sick family members, people starving, etc. The artwork section of the website was packed with information including, but not limited to: the original painting, a tab that describes the conditions the Irish lived it, a tab to explain why the Irish lived in those conditions, and a tab evaluating how useful the source was as evidence portraying the standard state of living in Ireland around the 1850s. This website helped us gain a lot of useful information on the average Irish household.

"Poor Pat Must Emigrate." Letter to John Curtis. 25 Apr. 1846. Exploring Diversity in Pennsylvania History. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/curtisletter5.pdf>. This letter provided us with a view of the famine through a person living in Ireland and in America. We used it to gain a better understanding of the topic.

"Population Change 1841-2002." Map. National Center for Geocomputation. National Center for Geocomputation, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://ncg.nuim.ie/content/projects/famine/maps/pop/Dublin/>. This map was very helpful because it showed long term and short term effects and has

graphs embedded into the map. We mainly looked at the maps of directly after the famine.

Trevelyan, Charles E. The Irish Crisis. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1848. Print. This primary source book was written by one of the leading politicians during the Famine: Charles Trevelyan. This gave us an inside look at his perspective of the Blight. We used quotes from this book on our website. Some excerpts from the book were placed on the project.

Secondary
"1861 Census: Decline in the Population of Ireland (Famine, Disease and Emigration)." 1861 Census: Decline of the Population in Ireland (Famine, Disease and Emigration). Library of Ireland, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/DeclinePopulationThom1861/index.php>. This website was very helpful because it gave us a broad overview of the population loss in Ireland after the Famine. Statistics and text from this site were placed on the project.

Bloy, Marjie. "The Irish Famine." The Victorian Web. N.p., 11 Oct. 2002. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.victorianweb.org/history/famine.html>. We used multiple pages on this website related to the famine. It does a fantastic job of illustrating all points of view and reactions from everyone involved in the Blight and tells the story well. We placed multiple quotes from this site on our project.

"Charles Edward Trevelyan." BBC News. BBC, 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/trevelyan_charles.shtml>. This site gave us a broad look at Charles Trevelyan's outlook on the potato famine and what he did to help- and what he didn't do. We used this site to gain information to better our understanding of the topic.

"Digital History." Digital History. N.p., 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/irish_potato_famine.cfm>. We used this website to give us a better understanding of the destruction the potato famine created in Ireland. This website was very informative and gave us a very detailed look at the response of England when the potato famine struck.

Donnelly, Jim. "The Irish Famine: The Irish Catastrophe." BBC News. BBC, 17 Feb. 2011. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml>. This source provided specifics about some of the aspects of the famine including: politics and the ruins of Ireland. We mainly used the part about the Political reactions; as we placed some quotes from here on our project.

Ellis-Christensen, Tricia, and O. Wallace. "What Was the Irish Potato Famine." WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d. Web. 30 Dec. 2012. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-was-the-irish-potato-famine.htm>. <

We used this website to teach us more about the potato fungus itself. It also gave us a lot of information behind the cause of the monoculture and why they relied so heavily on the potato crop.

"Eyewitness Accounts of the Famine." Ireland: Between History and Memory. The Evergreen State College, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://blogs.evergreen.edu/ireland0910/miscellaneous/eyewitness-accounts-of-the-famin e/>. This is an excellent source for use. It provides a comprehensive list of eyewitness accounts and quotes from historians. We used these to place ourselves in the time of the famine. We also placed some of these quotes on our project.

"Galway Potato Riot." A Twenty-first Century Landscape: The Rural Lands Of Central And Southern Illinois. N.p., 25 June 2005. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.dgorton.com/farmsite/proposal/galwayriot.html>. This site provided us with a look at the riots that went on during and after the Famine. We used quotes and sketches from this site.

"The Great Famine in Ireland, 1845-1849." The Great Famine in Ireland, 1845-1849. EGO 4 U Online, 10 Dec. 2010. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine>.

We used this source because it had an excellent overview of the famine. Quotes from here were placed on our site.

"Great Hunger: Irish Potato Famine." Awesome Stories. Awesome Stories, 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.awesomestories.com/disasters/great-hunger/a-national-disaster>. This good source gave an overview of the famine and all its aspects. It was a good source to look at because it focused on the important information without going too detailed.

"Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1845-50." The Irish Famine, 1845-50. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/sadlier/irish/Famine.htm>. This site gave us a good overview of the Famine, the Blight, and the after-life. We used parts of this website on our project. It gave us a better understanding of the topic.

"The Irish Famine/ British Policies." British Policies During the Great Famine. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~ebstork/famine.html>. This is a quick overview of the famine and pre-famine (mainly British policies). We used quotes from this site on our project.

Irish Famine Film. YouTube. YouTube, 14 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ks9e7GaORA>. This video, created by Pathe News around 1905, was very useful because it gave a recreation of life in Ireland before the Famine and also gave some "pondering questions" about life before the Famine. We edited out a small portion of this film and it was used

on our final project.

"Irish Famine Timeline." Irish Famine Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.irishhistorian.com/IrishFamineTimeline.html>. This very detailed timeline listed every event that had to do with the Potato Famine. From there, we picked some of the most important ones and placed them on the Timeline page on our project.

"Irish FAQ: The Famine [6/10]." Faqs.org. N.p., 7 Oct. 1999. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cultures/irish-faq/part06/>. This source gave a very basic overview of the famine. It helped us put the topic into perspective and gave us context.

"Irish Potato Famine Immigration :: American History." Irish Potato Famine Immigration :: American History. 123HelpMe.com, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=157126>. This website showed us many prize- winning papers. The one we looked at showed all of the aspects of Ireland from the Potato Famine time period in detail, ranging from the Political Life to the Social Life and Economic Life of the Irish People.

"Irish Potato Famine." World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://worldgeography.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1132171?terms=potato+famine>.

We used this as a starting point and to center our research. It is a very reliable, well explained source.

Johnston, Wesley, and Patrick Abbot. "The Famine 3: Peel's Relief Programme to July 1846." Travel Through the Ireland Story. N.p., 2001. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/famine/tory_july_1846.html>. We used many parts of this site. It gave a detailed look at all aspects of the famine, including British reaction, Irish reaction, blight, famine, and life after the blight. We used many quotes from this website on our project.

"Learning Through History News - The Irish Potato Famine." Renaissance to Revolutions (n.d.): n. pag. Learning Through History. Classic Education, 2011. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.learningthroughhistory.com/newsletter/archives/32011.php>. This website gave us a brief summary of the Blight and Famine. It also gave links to other sources we used.

"Mass Eviction During the Famine." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.irishhistorydvd.org/Famine/The%20Great%20Hunger%20Unit%203.pdf>. This teacher guide gave us a very detailed view of evictions during and after the famine. It had many helpful quotes that we used to further our understanding of the Irish Potato Famine.

"Monoculture and the Irish Potato Famine: Cases of Missing Genetic Variation." Understanding

Evolution. Berkeley.edu, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/agriculture_02>. This source gave an in-depth look at the science behind the famine, which was important for looking at all the reasons why the Blight occurred. We used quotes and diagrams/pictures from this site on our website.

"National University of Ireland, Maynooth." NUI MaynoothCommunicationsPress ReleaseNCG Famine Atlas. National University of Ireland, 3 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://communications.nuim.ie/press/03082011.shtml>. This website gave us an in-depth look at the effects of the famine. We made our own conclusions based on the material found on this site.

Purcell, Theresa. "IRISH POTATO FAMINE AND TRADE (HISTORY)." Irish Potato Famine. N.p., 10 May 1996. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www1.american.edu/ted/POTATO.HTM>. This website was very helpful because it gave an in-depth look at the science and effects of the Irish Potato Famine. Quotes from this site were used on the final project.

Reddick, Maureen, Vivien Kelly, Lorna Gardiner, and Mary McVeigh. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.irishpotatofamine.org/flash.html>. This virtual world gave us an overview about what life was like during the Potato Famine. It put you directly in an Irish village during the time of the famine. This website was packed with useful information and pictures and throughout all of it, very fun.

Ryan, Sean. "The Great Famine of 1845-1849." Wild Geese Heritage Museum and Library, Portumna, Co. Galway, Ireland. N.p., 2003. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://indigo.ie/~wildgees/famine.htm>. This site provided a very good look at the Irish Famine. We used it to confirm some of the facts we were unsure of and also used some passages as quotes. This was a very helpful source.

Shannon, Mckenzie. "The Irish Famine." The Irish Famine. N.p., Oct. 2009. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.oocities.org/capitolhill/congress/2807/irishfamine.html>. This site provided a brief but comprehensive summary of the Blight, Famine, and everything in between. We used quotes from here on our project.

"Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet." HM Government. N.p., 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/>. This web page all about Sir Robert Peel gave us a general overview of his time in office. We placed passages from this page onto our website.

"The Irish Potato Famine, 1847." EyeWitness to History. Eyewitnesstohistory.com, 2003. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/irishfamine.htm>. This was an excellent resource for us in the beginning. It gave a broad overview of the topic, and helped us decide what was important and what was not. We also fact-checked using this source as a guide to match with some of our other sources. We placed many

quotes from this source on our project.

Thornton, Mark. "What Caused the Irish Potato Famine?" The Ludwig Von Mises Institute. The Ludwig Von Mises Institute, 20 May 2008. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://mises.org/daily/2978>. (This was an article that originally appeared in The Free Market) This source focused on what caused the famine: political inertia, population growth, and a very, very poor economy. This site helped give us an understanding of differing opinions on what caused the famine.

Trueman, Chris. "The Great Famine of 1845." History Learning Site: The Great Famine of 1845. N.p., 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ireland_great_famine_of_1845.htm>. This site focused mainly on the effects of the famine. It talked about everything from evictions, emigration, loss of life due to disease and starvation, and the political and social life after the famine. We quoted this page on our site multiple times.

When Ireland Starved Episode 1 Causes of Poverty (Part 1 of 3). YouTube. YouTube, 04 Feb. 2010. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0LtW7g4os8>. This was an excellent source in preparing our website. It gave quotes that we found in our research, illustrated the misery in Ireland, and talked about evictions all in one. We used this as a starting point for our research, and based our thesis on some of the topics mentioned here. We ended up using two short clips from this video and placed them on

our project. We also used the rest of the series (found after the video ends) as guiding research.

Pictures
Bond, Chris. "Blight-Resistant Seed Potatoes." EHow. Demand Media, 10 Apr. 2011. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ehow.com/facts_8198997_blightresistant-seed-potatoes.html>. This website produced a high quality picture showing the Voyage to America for Irish emigrants and was a very instrumental primary source in our website.

Friedlander, Blaine P., Jr. "Scientists Gather to Fight Potato Disease." Cornell Chronicle. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/96/10.31.96/potato_disease.html>. This website gave us some very important information on the fungus that made the potato crop in Ireland black, moldy, and mushy. The picture this website provided for us gave us a very detailed image of what the potatoes infected with the fungus that wiped out the potatoes in Ireland looked like. We used this secondary source for information and a photo.

"Introduction." The History Place. The History Place, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/famine/introduction.htm>. This a picture of the typical Irish cottage during the Potato Famine. We used this picture in our website, to help us show the reader some of the common things you would see around the time of the Potato Famine. We used this primary source for reliable

information and a very useful picture. "Irish in Ireland: Pictures." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/hist/immigrants/irish_in_ireland/pictures_i rish_ireland.shtml>. This website had not only a very detailed picture, but it also thoroughly helped to describe the conditions, explain why they lived in those conditions and even evaluate how useful this source was for evidence. This primary source played a huge role not only as a picture in our website, but also helped to further our knowledge on the Potato Famine.

"Irish Potato Famine: Victims of the Irish Potato Famine Immigrating to North America by Ship." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/154946/Victims-of-the-IrishPotato-Famine-immigrating-to-North-America>. This primary source gave us a variety of pictures from the Potato Famine, one including a picture showing terrible conditions the Irish emigrants on a ship off to America had to undergo. We used these pictures in our website.

"Lord John Russell by Mayall." Lord John Russell by Mayall. N.p., 22 May 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.victorianweb.org/graphics/portraits/russell1.html>. This is a picture of Lord John Russell, a politician during the Blight. We used this picture as a primary source on our website.

Meyers, Katy M. "Bones Don't Lie." Bones Dont Lie. N.p., 17 Apr. 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://bonesdontlie.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/scurvy-during-the-irish-famine/>. This website gave us some very insightful information on the bones of Irish citizens from the Potato Famine and how diseases and starvation changed them throughout time. This primary source also supplied us with two pictures that were very useful and were placed in our website.

"The Origins of the Modern Civil Service: The 1850s." Civil Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/about/a-partial-history-of-the-civil-service/theorigins-of-the-modern-civil-service-the-1850s>. We used this picture of Charles Trevelyan as a primary source on our website.

Taylor, Steve. "Master Picture List." Adminstaff.vassar. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. <http://adminstaff.vassar.edu/sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/>. This Master Picture List gave us many pictures of a wide variety ranging from Relief and Workhouses to The Voyage and Cabin Interiors. Many of the pictures on this Master Picture List were used as primary sources in our website.