INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA

Source: http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.indian/200707/msg00041.html

From: CYBERHINWA <cyberhinwa@xxxxxxxxx> Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 01:32:49 0700 Importance of March 21st in Kerala. March 21st is an important day in the scientific history of India. This day, 1531 years ago, AD 476 at 1.00 Noon, on Sunday, AryabhattaI was born in Kodungallur, Trissur district of Kerala. On this day, 1508 years ago at the age of 23 , he completed the work of his book ARYABHATEEYAM at 1.00 O clock, the Mesha Sankranthi time (and day). It is said he was appointed as the Vice chancellor of the Nalanda University on this same day. The contribution of Aryabhatta to the world of astronomy and mathematics is some thing unique. Few of his discoveries and inventions are presented here : This is presented in the order given in Aryabhateeyam. His school of scientific thoughts is known as Aryabhatta school and he had 22 students of which 12 were from Kerala. *He developed an entirely novel Aryabhatta number system using Sanskrit letters. One should know this number for understanding the great discoveries of Aryabhatta . *According to Aryabhatta the diameter of earth is = nji la bhoo vyaasa = 1050 yojana = 1050 x 12.11 km. * The circumference of vaayu mandala/atmosphere = gi yi nga sa bhoo vaayu kakshya paridha = 3375 yojana x 12.11 km *He gave these values one millennium before the western scholars discovered that earth is spherical in shape. *According to Aryabhatta, the number of rotation of earth in one mahayuga (one Mahayuga = 43,20,000 year) = 1,58,22,37,500. *The sidereal period in terms of day according to Aryabhatta and modern calculations are respectively 365.25868 and 365.25636 ! *That of Jupiter are 4332.27217 and 4332.5887 and

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA *that of Saturn are 10766.06465 and 10759.201. *Aryabhatta correctly calculated the rotation speed of earth as praanenaiti kalaam bhoo:= one angular minute per four second ( the breathing time of a healthy person = 1 praana) *Mean angular diameter of moon is 3130nd the modern value 31?????8?????. *The greatest declination of earth as 24???? (Bha apakramo grahamsa) and the modern value is 23.5 ????. *The inclinations of all the planets and moon have been given by him. The inclination for Saturn is 2???? 30????? and modern value 2???? 29????? 20?????. *Longitudes of apogee of Sun and the modern values are 78???? and 77???? 15?????. * Aryabhatta is the first in the world to give R sine differences of angles at intervals of 225????? (3???? 45?????) same as the modern values, as sine tables. *The area of square, triangle, trapezium, rectangle, circle, semi circle, etc have been given by him *For the first time, in the world the method for determining square root and cube root of any numbers is given, Circumference, chord, etc of circles, diagonal of various geometrical figures were also described by Aryabhatta. *Volume of cube, pyramid and sphere is given . Also described the chord : radius relation, the value of ???? (62832 /20,000 ), the method of calculating R sine values, arithmetic and geometric progressions of various types, calculations with fractions, division of time, space and angles, the specific description on the rotation of earth (ku aavarthaaschaapi naakshatraa: = due to the repeated rotation of earth, days are formed); *Interesting division of time as 30 times of an year = one pitru varsha, ; 12 pitru varsha = one deva varsha, 12,000 deva varsha is one mahayuga;, 1008 of the mahayuga yuga is a day of Brahma (43,20,000 x 1008 ) during when srushti takes place and exactly same is the period of one night of Brahma during when the pralaya (pra = glorious; laya = dissolving in ) takes place.

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA *The ?????names????? for each day as ?????Sun?????day and ?????moon????? day,?????. etc have been given by Aryabhatta(Seeghra kramaath chathurthaa bhavanthi sooryodayaath dinapaa: = the graha occurring fourth when arranged in the order of increasing velocity are the lords of the successive days, (that graha?????s name is given to that day) (the order of increasing velocity can be written as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus Mercury, Moon, Saturn,(repeat) Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn Jupiter ?????????..repeat this and take the fourth one for getting the weekdays as Saturn (Saturday), Sun (Sunday), Moon (Monday), Mars (Tuesday), Mercury (Wednesday), Jupiter (Thursday), and Venus (Friday) respectively. *He explained the ?????westward motion of celestial bodies?????. by comparing with that of the backward motion of trees on the banks of river when sailing in a boat forward. *Perfect description of artic and Antarctic ocean is given in Aryabhatteeya. *The observation of the Sun in the four quadrant of Earth has been given like this: In Lanka if it is sun rise, in Guatemala (siddhapura) it will be Sunset; at that time in Korea (yava koti) it will be Noon and in Rome (Romaka desa) it shall be midnight. *The duration of days and night in north / south hemisphere of earth has correctly been given. *Perfect description of Golayantra / globe is given by him. *Earthsine, radius of day circle, right ascensions, rise of signs, Rsine of altitude, Sun?????s agra, Rsine of sun?????s prime vertical, Parallax in solar eclipse , parallax of sun and moon, central ecliptic point, Rsine of zenith distance, visibility corrections etc have been precisely given. Calculation and explanations of solar and lunar eclipse, length , diameter, velocity of earth?????s shadow, measurement of eclipse at a given time, etc. are given with precision. Calculations using sine and cosine of latitude , longitude, co latitude (of both celestial and terrestrial angles) shows astounding knowledge existed in India 1,500 years ago. Many more scientific observations are available in Aryabhateeya. He said thus: Cchaadayati sasi sooryam sasinam mahati bhoo cchaaya = the moon shadows the sun and the great shadow of the earth covers the moon for an eclipse .

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA His name was given to Indian satellites for remembering his contributions. He is one of the most shining stars in the sky of the world mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhatta wrote his books when the ????? western scholars????? were thinking that earth is flat and sun revolves around the earth, etc???????..Let us pay our homage and respect to this great Indian scientist. IISH has published Aryabhateeyam with English and Malayalam translations and commentaries .

INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS ARYABHATTA