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to analyze them. Know the difference between balanced and unbalanced circuits Learn about power in a balanced three-phase system Know how to analyze unbalanced three-phase systems Be able to use PSpice to analyze three-phase circuits Apply what is learnt to three-phase measurement and residential wiring
b) Single phase systems three-wire type. Allows connection to both 120 V and 240 V.
Two-phase three-wire system. The AC sources operate at different phases. ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
Three-phase Generator
The three-phase generator has three induction coils placed 120 apart on the stator. The three coils have an equal number of turns, the voltage induced across each coil will have the same peak value, shape and frequency.
Neutral Wire
Neutral Wire
sequence
a) Wye-connected load
b) Delta-connected load
1 ZY = Z 3
Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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Phase voltages are: Van, Vbn and Vcn. The three conductors connected from a to A, b to B and c to C are called LINES. The voltage from one line to another is called a LINE voltage Line voltages are: Vab, Vbc and Vca Magnitude of line voltages is 3 times the magnitude of phase voltages. VL= 3 Vp
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Van = V p 0, Vbn = V p 120, Vcn = V p + 120 Vab = Van + Vnb = Van Vbn = 3V p 30 Vbc = Vbn Vcn = 3V p 90 Vca = Vcn Van = Van + Vbn = 3V p 210
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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Ia =
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2
Van ZY
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I AB = I BC = I CA =
Line currents are obtained from the phase currents IAB, IBC and ICA
I a = I AB I CA = I AB 3 30 I b = I BC I AB = I BC 3 30 I c = I CA I BC = I CA 3 30
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2
I L = I a = Ib = Ic I p = I AB = I BC = I CA I L = 3I p
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I L = I a = Ib = Ic I p = I AB = I BC = I CA I L = 3I p
Z 3
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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I AB =
V V VAB , I BC = BC , I CA = CA Z Z Z
I a = I AB I CA , I b = I BC I AB , I c = I CA I BC
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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Vp30
3
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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p = 3V p I p cos
The instantenous power is not function of time. The total power behaves similar to DC power. This result is true whether the load is Y or connected. The average power per phase Pp = p . 3 Pp = p
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2
= V p I p cos
Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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P = Pa + Pb + Pc = 3Pp = 3V p I p cos = 3VL I L cos Q = 3Q p = 3V p I p sin = 3VL I L sin S=3Sp = 3Vp I p = 3I p Z p = S = P + jQ = 3VL I L Vp , I p , VL and I L are all rms values, is the load impedance angle
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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3Vp 2 Zp
3Vp 2 Z p
VL = 3 V p
IL = I p
VL = V p
IL = 3 I p
Ip
Vp Ip VL VL Vp Ip
VL
Vp
Ip
Vp Vp Ip
VL
VL Ip VL Vp
connected load.
load.
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Wire Material for Single phase 2( r 2l ) 2r 2 2 = = = (2) = 1.33 Wire Material for Three phase 3( r '2l ) 3r '2 3
If same power loss is tolerated in both system, three-phase system use only 75% of materials of a single-phase system
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2 Dr. Kalyana Veluvolu
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VL=840 V (Rms)
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IL =
ELEC 24409: Circuit Theory 2
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Residential Wiring
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Problem 12.12 Solve for the line currents in the Y- circuit. Take Z = 6045 .
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Problem 12.22 Find the line currents Ia, Ib, and Ic in the three-phase network below. Take Z = 12 - j15, ZY = 4 + j6 , and Zl = 2 .
ONE DELTA AND ONE Y CONNECTED LOAD IS CONNECTED TWO Loads are parallel if they are converted to same type. Delta connected load is converted to Y connection.
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Problem 12.26 For the balanced circuit below, Vab = 1250 V. Find the line currents IaA, IbB, and IcC.
BALANCED Y CONNECTED LOAD.
Source voltage given is line to line, obtain the line to neutral voltage.
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Problem 12.47
The following three parallel-connected three-phase loads are fed by a balanced three-
phase source. Load 1: 250 kVA, 0.8 pf lagging Load 2: 300 kVA, 0.95 pf leading Load 3: 450 kVA, unity pf If the line voltage is 13.8 kV, calculate the line current and the power factor of the source. Assume that the line impedance is zero.
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Problem 12.81
A professional center is supplied by a balanced three-phase source. The center has four plants, each a balanced three-phase load as follows:
Load 1: 150 kVA at 0.8 pf leading Load 2: 100 kW at unity pf Load 3: 200 kVA at 0.6 pf lagging Load 4: 80 kW and 95 kVAR (inductive) If the line impedance is 0.02 + j0.05 per phase and the line voltage at the loads is 480 V, find the magnitude of the line voltage at the source.
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Problem 12.84
The Figure displays a three-phase delta-connected motor load which is connected to a line voltage of 440 V and draws 4 kVA at a power factor of 72 percent lagging. In addition, a single 1.8 kVAR capacitor is connected between lines a and b, while a 800-W lighting load is connected between line c and neutral. Assuming the abc sequence and taking Van = Vp 0, find the magnitude and phase angle of currents Ia, Ib, Ic, and In. Total load is UNBALANCED. LINE CURRENTS Ia, Ib, Ic ARE NOT ERQUAL
Single phase, 800 W lighting load connected to phase C only. Pf for lighting loads is unity.
I L = I1 =
S 3 VL
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440 V
I1 =
S = 5.249 ( + 30 ) 3 VL
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