SEE2043

Q1.
Figure Q1(a)
(a) Given signal g(t) as in Figure Q1(a), graph the functions below :
(i).
) ( t g
(ii).
) (t g
(iii).
) 2 ( t g
(iv).
) 2 2 ( + t g
(v).
) 2 5 . 0 ( + t g
(vi).
) 1 ( ) 2 2 ( 5 . 0 + + t u t g
(6 marks)
(b) Convolution process is very important in communication system. Given
two signals as below:
2
g(t)
-3
t
3
-1
1
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) 9 ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 2
4
3 ) ( +
,
_

t u t u
t
rect t x
and
) ( ) 1 ( 2 ) 2 ( 3 ) ( t u t u t u t h + +
Determine the output of the convolution between those two signals.
(10 marks)
(c) Figure Q1(b) shows the signal of
) (t y
. Determine:
(i). The general form of exponent Fourier series of the signal
) (t y
in
Figure Q1(b) (2 marks)
(ii). Find the exponent Fourier series for the signal in Figure Q1(c).
(7 marks)
3
) (t y
6
-1 -2 1 2
Figure Q1(b)
) (t y
t
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4
-1 -2 1 2
-4
Figure Q1(c)
t
SEE2043
Q2 (a) Obtain the Fourier Transform for the following time domain signal.
Figure Q2(a)
(4 marks)
(b) A Linear Time Invariant (LTI) system used in valve control is shown in
the Figure Q2(b). The system is said to be injected with the input signal of
) 5 ( sin
5
) ( t c t x

. It was noted that the feedback signal,

Obtain:
(i) The Fourier transform of the input signal (3 marks)
(ii) The Fourier transform of the output signal.
(4 marks)
Figure Q2(b)
5
h
1
(t)
x(t) y(t)
(t)
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(c) An ideal filter block diagram, which is assumed to be an LTI system is
shown in Figure Q2(c). The filtered signal of Y() is shown. If the
injected signal of
:
(i) Determine and plot the output of the mixer, E().
(4 marks)
(ii) Determine the specification of the filter transfer function,
H() and oscillator frequency,
o
in order to obtain the filtered
signal of y(t). Plot the output of the receivers mixer, F().
(10 marks)
6
H()
cos 100t cos
o
t
Figure Q2(c)
y(t) x(t)
E() F()
Transmitter
Receiver

Y()
6
59 60
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Q3 (a) (i) Explain briefly the advantage of using laplace transform in solving
electrical engineering problems.
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the difference between laplace transform and fourier transform
in terms of their applications.
(2 marks)
x(t) h(t) y(t)
Figure Q3(a)
(b) The block diagram in Figure Q3(a) shows a system with ) ( ) (
2
t u e t h
t

and the input signal
) 3 ( ) ( ) ( t u t u t x
(i). Determine the laplace transform of signal
) (t x
and
) (t h
(2 marks)
(ii) By using the properties of laplace transform, obtain the
mathematical expression of signal
) (t y
.
(5 marks)
R1=10ohm
R2=3ohm
R3=7ohm
C=0.125F
s
L=2H
Vs=10volt
Figure Q3(b)
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(c) An electrical circuit in Figure Q3(b) consisting of resistor R1 and R2, an
inductor L, a capacitor C and a voltage source
) (t v
. The switch is closed
for a long time before it is opened at s t 0 .
(i). Find the voltage across the capacitor and the current through the
inductor when the switch is closed for a long time
(4marks)
(ii). Sketch the electrical circuit by expressing the variables in laplace
transform when the switch is opened
(2marks)
(iii). Obtain the expression of the voltage across resistor R2, ) (
2
t V
R
when
the switch is opened.
(6 marks)
(iv). Determine the voltage across resistor R2 at time, s t 2
(2 marks)
8
SEE2043
Q4. (a) Given the transfer function of a network is
128 24
350 35
) (
2
2
+ +
+

s s
s
s H
(i) What are the constant term means for and the value? (2 marks)
(ii) Sketch the magnitude and phase Bode plots for the above transfer
function.
(6 marks)
(b) Figure Q4 shows the magnitude frequency response of a low pass filter.
(i) Derive the transfer function of that filter. (9
marks)
(ii) By using suitable transformation, derive the transfer function of a high
pass filter from the transfer function obtained from question (b)(i).
(4 marks)
(iii) Explain your understanding on the damping factor,

effect in second
order low pass filter design. (2 marks)
(iv) What would happen to the amplitude response of the lowpass filter if
let say reduced by 15%. (2 marks)
Figure Q4
9
18.56
12
6.06 7.66
-
40dB/dec

9.0
Magnitude
H
(dB)
Actual Response
Asymptote
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Q5. (a) Sketch a typical frequency response of the normalized Chebyshev low
pass filter. Please show clearly the maximum pass band frequency, the
minimum stop band frequency, maximum gain at the pass band, maximum
gain at the stop band, and ripple.
(6 marks)
(b) What is the difference between the frequency response of this filter with
the Butterworth filter.
(2 marks)
(c) You are required to design a Chebyshev filter. If 1
MAX
A ,
s rad
S
/ 844 . 1
, and
dB
S
20
, what is the required order of the
filter?
(4 marks)
(d) Obtain the normalized transfer function, H
n
(s), of the filter.
(3 marks)
(e) What is the actual transfer function of the filter, H(s), if the
s rad
P
/ 20 .
(3 marks)
(f) Obtain the Chebyshev circuit and clearly indicate the value of each
component in the circuit if the resistance at the load is given as 1000 and
s rad
C
/ 10
.
(7 marks)
10
SEE2043
LAMPIRAN ( APPENDIX )
F: MEREKABENTUK PENAPIS ANALOG
(Analog Filter Design)
CHEBYSHEV
( )
2
2
max
1 log 10
1
1
log 20 log 20

,
_

+
A A
,
1 10
10
max

A

( )
2
1
10 10
1
1
1 10 1 10 cosh
cosh
1
max
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

A
sn
s
n

,
_

,
_

1
cosh
1
cosh
1
n
p c
0 1
1
1
.... ) (
) (
a s a s a s
K
s T
K
s H
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
+ + + +

'

) ( ;
10
1
) ( ;
20
0
2
0
0
max
even genap n
a a
odd ganjil n a
K
A
n

BUTTERWORTH
n
c
j H
2
1
1
) (

,
_

,
1 ....
1
) (
1
) (
1
1
1
+ + + +

s a s a s s B
s H
n
n
n
n
n
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
n
c
j H
2
10
1 log 10 ) ( log 20

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
n
c
p
p
2
1 log 10

,
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
n
c
s
s
2
1 log 10

1 10
10
2

,
_

p
n
c
p

, 1 10
10
2

,
_

s
n
c
s

,
1
]
1

,
_

1 10
1 10
10
10
2
p
s
n
p
s

11
SEE2043
( ) [ ]
( )
sn
p s
n

log 2
1 10 1 10 log
10 10

[ ]
n
p
c
p
2 1
10
1 10

atau
[ ]
n
s
c
s
2 1
10
1 10

Jadual F.1: Pengiraan frekuensi sudut jalur henti ternormal,

sn

.
(Calculations of normalized stopband angle frequency)
Jenis penapis
(Types of filters)
Frekuensi sudut jalur henti ternormal,
sn

(Normalized stopband angle frequency)

Penapis lulus rendah, LPF
(Low Pass Filter)
p
s

Penapis lulus tinggi, HPF

(High Pass Filter)
s
p

Penapis lulus jalur, BPF

(Band Pass Filter)
( )
1 2 1
2
1 2 1
p p s
s p p

atau(or)
( )
1 2 2
2 1
2
2
p p s
p p s

, pilih yang lebih kecil

(choose smaller value)
Penapis jalur henti, BSF
(Band Stop Filter)
( )
2
1 2 1
1 2 1
s p p
p p s

atau(or)
( )
2 1
2
2
1 2 2
p p s
p p s

, pilih yang lebih kecil

(choose smaller value)
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SEE2043
Jadual F.4: Pekali penapis Chebyshev untuk A
max
0.5, 1, 2 dan 3 dB.
(Coefficients of Chebychev filter for A
max
0.5, 1, 2 dan 3 dB)
n a
0
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
a
5
a
6

1 2.8627 0.5 db ripple
2 1.5162 1.4256
3 0.7156 1.5348 1.2529
4 0.3790 1.0254 1.7168 1.1973
5 0.1789 0.7525 1.3095 1.9373 1.172
6 0.0947 0.4323 1.1718 1.589 2.1718 1.159
7 0.044 0.2820 0.7556 1.6479 1.869 2.4126 1.1512

n a
0
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
a
5
a
6

1 1.9652 1 db ripple
2 1.1025 1.0977
3 0.4913 1.2384 0.9883
4 0.2756 0.7426 1.4539 0.9528
5 0.1228 0.5805 0.9743 1.6888 0.9368
6 0.0689 0.3070 0.9393 1.2021 1.9308 0.9282
7 0.0307 0.2136 0.5486 1.3575 1.4287 2.1760 0.9231


n a
0
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
a
5
a
6

1 1.3075 2 db ripple
2 0.8230 0.8038
3 0.3268 1.0221 0.7378
4 0.2057 0.5167 1.2564 0.7162
5 0.0817 0.4593 0.6934 1.4995 0.7064
6 0.0514 0.2102 0.7714 0.8670 1.7458 0.7012
7 0.0204 0.1660 0.3825 1.1444 1.0392 1.9935 0.6978

n a
0
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
a
5
a
6

1 1.0023 3 db ripple
2 0.7079 0.6448
3 0.2505 0.9283 0.5972
4 0.1769 0.4047 1.1691 0.5815
5 0.0626 0.4079 0.5488 1.4149 0.5744
6 0.0442 0.1634 69909 69060 1.6628 0.5706
7 0.0156 0.1461 0.3000 1.0518 0.8314 1.9115 0.5684


13
SEE2043
Jadual F.5: Transformasi frekuensi penapis
(Frequency Transformations of filter)
Jenis penapis
(Types of filters)
Transformasi
(Transformation)
Penapis lulus rendah, LPF
(Low Pass Filter)
p
s

, ( h Butterwort bagi ,
c
s

)
Penapis lulus tinggi, HPF
(High Pass Filter)
s
p

, ( h Butterwort bagi ,
s
c

)
Penapis lulus jalur, BPF
(Band Pass Filter)
( ) s
s
p p
p p
1 2
2 1
2

+

Penapis jalur henti, BSF
(Band Stop Filter)
( )
2 1
2
1 2
p p
p p
s
s


+

Jadual F.6(a): Pekali-pekali Polinomial Butterworth B
n
(s) = s
n
+a
n-1
s
n-1
+..+a
1
s+1
(Coefficients of Butterworth Polynomials)
n a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
a
5
a
6
a
7
a
8
a
9

2 1.4142
3 2.0000 2.0000
4 2.6131 3.4142 2.6131
5 3.2360 6.2360 6.2360 3.2360
6 3.8637 7.4641 9.1416 7.4641 3.8637
7 4.4939 10.0978 14.5917 14.5917 10.0978 4.4939
8 6.1258 13.1370 21.8461 26.6883 21.8461 13.1370 6.1258
9 6.7587 16.5817 31.1634 41.9863 41.9863 31.1634 16.5817 6.7587
10 6.3924 20.4317 42/8020 64.8823 74.2334 64.8823 42.8020 20.4317 6.3924

Jadual F.6(b): Polinomial Butterworth dalam bentuk pemfaktoran Butterworth
(Butterworth Polynomials in Factorized Form)
n B
n
(s)
1 s + 1
2 s
2
+ 1.41421356s + 1
3 (s + 1) (s
2
+ s + 1)
4 (s
2
+ 0.76536686s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.84775907s + 1
5 (s + 1) (s
2
+ 0.61803399s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.931803399s + 1)
6 (s
2
+ 0.51763809s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.41421356s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.93185165s + 1)
7 (s + 1) (s
2
+ 0.44504187s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.24697960s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.80193774s + 1)
8 (s
2
+ 0.39018064s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.11114047s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.66293922s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.96157056s + 1)
9 (s + 1) (s
2
+ 0.34729636s + 1) (s
2
+ s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.53208889s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.87938524s + 1)
10 (s
2
+ 0.31286893s + 1) (s
2
+ 0.90798100s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.41421356s + 1) (s
2
+ 1.78201305s + 1)
(s
2
+ 1.97537668s + 1)


14