3

1.

2.
3.


ACI (American Concrete Institute)

Slump (.)

5.0 2.5

10.0 2.5

12.5 2.5

15.0

15.0

 3
100 ./.2

100 ./.2 - 500 ./.2
150 ./.2
350 ./.2-500 ./
.2

(High Strength Concrete) 500 ./.2


ACI (American Concrete

Institute)

0.15m
0.3m

BS (British Standard)

0.15m
0.15m

 (Target Strength)


fcr

= f 'c + k.s

fcr = (Target Average Strength)

f 'c = (Required Strength)
k.s =
k
s 30

 k ()

()
25
20
15
10
5
2.5
2
1
0

k
0.67
0.84
1.04
1.28
1.65
1.96
2.05
2.33
3.00

 ACI
(Overall variation)
(Within-test
variation)
(ACI 214)
214)
(Overall Variation)
(./.2)

< 28 28 - 35 36 - 42 43 - 49

> 49

< 14 14 - 18 19 - 21 22 - 25

> 25

 (ACI 214)
214)
(Within
(Within--Test Variation)

(%)

< 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0 > 6.0

< 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 > 5.0

240 ./.2
10
(S) 40 ./.2
(Required Strength)

fcr =
=
=
=
fcr =

'

f c + k.s
240 + (1.28 x 40)
240 + 51
291
300

./.2
./.2
./.2
./.2

300 ./.2


(ACI 318)

(f'c)
./.2

./.2

210

70

210 - 350

85

350

100

 ACI

(Specific Gravity)
(Unit Weight)
(Absorption)

Fineness Modulus

 ACI

ASTM C188 3.15

- ASTM C 33
-
ASTM C 128
ASTM C 127
- ASTM C 70 ASTM C 566
- ASTM C 125
- ASTM C 29

 ACI

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

 ACI

1.

(.)

8.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
10.0
2.0
10.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
8.0
2.0

: 2 .
(Vibrator)

 ACI

2.
1/5
1/3
3/4

(.)

(.)

5.0 - 15.0
12.5 - 20
20
20 - 25
20 - 40
15.0 - 30.0
30.0 - 75.0
75.0

20 - 40
40 - 75
40 - 75

40
75
150

40
40 - 75
40 - 75

40 - 75
75
75 - 150

 ACI

3.

(Non-Air Entraining Concrete)

1 .

(.)
3-5
8 - 10

3/8 "

1/2 "

3/4 "

1"

1 1/2 "

2"

3"

6"

10 . 12.5 . 20 . 25 . 40 . 50 . 75 . 150 .
205
225

200
215

185
200

180
195

160
175

155
170

145
160

125
140

15 - 18
240

3
(%)

230

210

205

185

180

170

2.5

1.5

0.5

0.3

0.3

 ACI

(Air Entraining Concrete)

1 .

(.)

3/8 "

1/2 "

3/4 "

1"

1 1/2 "

2"

10 . 12.5 . 20 . 25 . 40 . 50 .

3"

6"

75 .

150 .

3-5

180

175

165

160

145

140

135

120

8 - 10
15 - 18

200
215

190
205

180
190

175
185

160
170

155
165

150
160

135
-

(%)

4.5

3.5

1 . Ww = Ww
Solid Volume 1 . VW = WW /gW

.
.

4.
ACI

/
(
)

3 .

0.45

0.40*

0.50

0.45*

(Type II Type V) W/C 0.05

 ACI

28
ksc
450
400
350
300
250
200
150

w/c

0.38
0.43
0.48
0.40
0.55
0.46
0.62
0.53
0.70
0.61
0.8
0.71

15 x 30 .
20 %

5.

ACI

1 . C =

Ww
W/C

Solid Volume 1 . VC =

C
GC.gW

 ACI

6.

ACI 1 .
(Bulk volume of dry - rodded aggregate)

3/8 "
1/2 "
3/4 "
1"
1 1/2 "
2"
3"
6"

(10 .)
(12.5 .)
(20 .)
(25 .)
(40 .)
(50 .)
(75 .)
(150 .)

Fineness Modulus
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.59
0.57
0.55
0.53
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.71
0.69
0.67
0.65
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.81
0.79
0.77
0.75
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.81

 ACI

1 .

Solid Volume 1 .

Wg = gg. V .

Vg =

Wg
Gg.gW

 ACI

7.

1. (Solid Volume)
Vs = 1 - Vc - Vw - Vg - Va

Vc
Vw
Vg
Va

=
=
=
=

Solid Volume
Solid Volume
Solid Volume
Volume

2.
Ws = Gs.Vs.w

1 .
1 . = Wc + Ww + Wg + Ws .

 ACI

ACI

1 .
2 1 .

w/c

 2
(fc')
28 250 ksc
5 % (k = 1.65)
30 ./.2 1 SG 3.15 3/4" SG 2.70
0.5 % 1600 ./3 SG 2.60 0.7 %
2.80

1. = fc' + ks
= 250 + (1.65 x 30) = 300 ksc
2. 8 - 10 3/4"
= 200 /.
3.
= 0.55

4.

200
0.55

= 364

5. = 0.62 x 1600 = 992

= 992 x 1.005 = 997

./.
./.
./.

6.
1 .
200

=
= 0.200 3
1 x 1,000
364
=
= 0.116 3
3.15 x 1,000
997

=
= 0.369 3
2.70 x 1,000


= 0.02 x 1.0
= 0.020 3
= 0.705 3 ++ +

= 1.0 - 0.705
= 0.295 3
= 2.60 x 0.295 x 1000 = 767 .
1 .

Ws = Gs.Vs.w

= 364
.

= 200
.
= 997
.
2.74
= 767
.
2.11

= 2,328
.
1 : 2.11 : 2.74

ANS

 3
2 2.25 % 1.02 %

767

=
= 762 .
1 + 0.007

997

=
= 992 .
1+ 0.005

= 767 x (0.0225 - 0.007) = 12 .

= 997 x (0.0102 - 0.005) = 5 .
= 12 + 5
= 17 .
= 200 - 17
= 183 .

= 767 + 12 = 779
.

= 997 + 5
= 1,002
. ANS

 4
1 : 1.8 : 3.6
Water Cement Ratio = 0.6
3.15, 2.66 2.72
1.

: :
=

= 1
= 1.8 x 50

= 3.6 x 50

= 0.6 x 50

1 : 1.8 : 3.6
= 50 .
= 90 .
= 180 .
= 30 .

50 .

Solid Volume
Solid Volume
Solid Volume
Solid Volume

50
3.15x1,000
30
=
1,000
90
=
2.66x1,000
180
=
2.72x1,000
=

= 0.0159 3
= 0.0300 3
= 0.0338 3
= 0.0662 3

= 0.1459
3
2 %
= 0.02 x 0.1459 = 0.0029 3

= 0.1488
3
0.1488 3 50 .

= 1.8 x 336
= 3.6 x 336
= 0.6 x 336

50
0.1488

= 604
= 1,210
= 202

.
.
.

1 = 2,352

= 336 .

ANS

 5
1 : 2 : 3.8
Water Cement Ratio = 0.6
3.15, 2.66 2.72 Loose Unit Weight
1250, 1450 1380 ./.
1

: :

1 = 50 .
(Bulk Volume)

50
1,250

= 1 : 2 : 3.8

0.040

 (Bulk Volume) = 2 x 0.040

(Bulk Volume)
= 3.8 x 0.040

= 0.080 x 1,450

= 0.152 x 1,380

= 0.6 x 50
Solid Volume

Solid Volume

Solid Volume

Solid Volume

=
=
=
=
=

50
3.15x1,000
30
1,000
116
2.66x1,000
210
2.72x1,000

0.080
0.152
116
210
30

3
3
.
.
.

= 0.0159 3
= 0.0300 3
= 0.0436 3
= 0.0772 3

 0.0159+0.0300+0.0436+0.0772 = 0.1667 3
2 % = 0.02 x 0.1667 = 0.0033 3
= 0.1667+0.0033 = 0.1700 3
0.1700 3 50 .
=
50
3
1
= 294 .
0.1700
116 x 294
3
1
=
= 682 .
50
210 x 294
1 3
=
= 1,235 .
50

= 0.6 x 294

176 .

1 = 294+682+1,235+176 = 2,387 .

 (Bulk Volume) 1 .
Bulk Volume (Loose)
Bulk Volume (Loose)
Bulk Volume (Loose)

=
=
=

294
1,250
682
1,450
1235
1,380

= 0.235 3
= 0.470 3
= 0.895 3

__________________________

ANS



W
V

V =

VC = WC / C
VS = WS / S
Vg = Wg / g

VC : VS : Vg = WC / C : WS / S : Wg / g
WC / C

WS C
1 : W
C
S

Wg
WC

C
g

C, S g = Loose Unit Weight

 6
2 1 . 364 . : 767 . :
997 . (1 : 2.11 : 2.74)
1250, 1450 1350 ./.

WS C
Wg C
1 :
:
WC S
WC g
767 x 1250
1 :
:
364 x 1450

997 x 1250
364 x 1350

1 : 1.82 : 2.54 ANS


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