USN I I I I I I I I I I I

Fourth Semester B. E. Degr ee Examination, June I July 08

Fluid Mechanics
ME45
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: I 00
Note: A11swer a11y FI VE full questio11s.
l a. State Newton's Jaw of viscosity and deduce the defi nition of absolute viscosity. (04 Marks)
b. A capillary tube having an inside diameter of 4 mm is dipped in water at atmospheric
temperature of 20. Dett:rminc Lhe height of water. which will rise in the tube. Take
cr = 0.075 N/m and a = 60. for water. What will be the percentage increase in the value ()[
height, if the diameter of the tube is 2 mm? (06 Marks)
c. The space between two square flat parallel plates is tilled with oil. Each side of the plate is
60 ems. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The upper plate, which moves at 2.5 m/s
requires a force of9.81 N to maintain the speed. Dctennine
i) The dynamic viscosity of the nil in poise.
ii) The kinematic viscosity of the oil, if its sp.gr. is 0.95.
iii) Power absorbed in moving the plate. (tO Marks)
2 a. Show that the centre of pressure. for a plane surface immersed in a nuid eith-:r
vertically or inclined, lies always below the centre of gravity. (08 Marks)
h. A circular plate 4.5 m in diameter is submerged in water s1ach that its greatest and least
depths below the water surface are J m and 1.5 m respectavely. Find
i) Total pressure on the top face of the plate.
ii) The position of centre of pressure. (08 Mnrks)
c. State hydrostatic law and derive an li tr the same. (04 Marks)
' a. Defino.: meta centre of a noating body. Describe the analytical method of detcm1ining the
mdacentric height. (tO Mark)
b. Stnte the condition for stable equilibrium of a floating body and explain how this is taken
care ul in the design of a ship. (04 Marks)
c. A wooden block of sp.gr 0.75 floats in water. If the size of the block is l m x 0.5 m x0.4 m.
find its mctaccntric height for a roll on its longitudinal axis. (06 M:orks)
4 a. Show that the continuity equation for a three dimensional steady incompressible flow is
. liu Ol' ow
gavenbv, - +-+ =0. (OS Marks)
. ox 1\y oz
b. Define strean\ function and velocity potential !'unction and show how they are related.
(06 Marks)
c. The \'clocity potential function for a two dimensional flow is = x(2y-l). At o point
P(4. 5) detcm1inc: i) The velocity ii) Value of stream function. (06 Marks)
5 a. The pressure difference lbr viscous flow in a pipe depends upon the diameter of the
pipe D, length of pipe L, the velocity V, viscosity fl and density p. Using Buckingham's
theorem obtain an expression for (08 Marks)
b. State impulse momentum principle and mention its applications. (04 Mark.<)
c. ln a 45" bend, a rectangular air duct of 1 m
2
cross sectional area is gradually reduced to
0.5 m
2
area. Find the magnitude and direction of the force required to hold the duct in
. '


() a. Derive an expression for the discharge through an IIICiined Ventunmeter for an upward
tlow (08
b. A reservoir has been built 4 km away from a town having a population of 5000. Water is to
l>c supplied from the n.--servoir to tbe The per capua consumption of "':ucr per day 1S
200 litres and half of this dally supply is to be pumped within 10 hrs. The loss of head due
to friction in the pipe line is 20 m and the co-efficient of friction lor the pipe line is 0.008.
Calculate diameter of the supply main. Ne[!lcct minor losses. (08 Mar k.<)
c. Wntc a note on f nergy gradient line and hydraulic gradient. (04 Mark.')
7 a. Derive an expression for the loss of head due to friction for laminar flow through a round
pipe. Sketch the velocity prolile and shear stress proli le. ( 10 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for the sonic vclocny in a compressible flow medium for.
i) Isothermal process
ii) Adiabatic process
Justify which of these two is correct. (tO Marks)
II a. On a tlat plate of 2 m length and I m \\idth. experiments were conducted in a wmd tunnel.
wnh .1 wind speed of 50 kmth.r The plate IS kept at such an angle that the co...:llicients of
umg and lift arc 0.18 and 0.9 respectively. Determine
i) Drag Ioree
i1) L1fl force
iii) Resultant Ji1rcc and
IV) Power exerted by air stream on the plate.
Takcdcnsityofuir= 1.15 kg/m
3
( I OM"rks)
b. Ddlnc the following:
i) Boundary la)'cr thickness.
ii) Displacement thickness.
iii) Momentum thickness. (01> \1ar ks)
0
c. A pn>jcctilc travels in air of pressure 10.1043 N/cm- at lO'C. at a speed of 1500 km!hr
Find the Mach number and !Vlach angle. Take y = 1 l ,md R = 287 J/kg' K. (04 \1arks)