SPC

Automotive Industry Action Group

Carwin continuous

26200 Lahser Road, Suite 200

Unit 1,Trade Link

Southfield, MI 48034 USA

Western Avenue, West

Thurrock

Phone:1-248-358-3003

Phone:44-1-708-861-333

Fax:1-248-358-3253

Fax:44-1-708-861-941

1997 6
2000 5

1
www.isoyes.com


S P C

1992 1995 2 ()
1992,1995

2
www.isoyes.com

np p

c u

XR

XMR

XR

Xs

3
www.isoyes.com

QS-9000

QS-9000

QS-9000

QS-9000

QS-9000

SPC

David Tai (Ford)

Jason

Yeh , Chen Jianhe (Chrysler)

Vicky

Hao (GM)

Victor Tan , Mike Liao (Delphi)

4
www.isoyes.com

QS-9000

QS-9000
QS-9000

PLEXUS CORPORATION
AIAG QS-9000
QS-9000

QS-9000
QS-9000 QSA
PPAP
APQPFMEA
MSASPC

97

Keh Tung; David Tai ,Paul; M.Meredith

(Ford);Jason Yeh ,Chen Jeanhe (Chrysler);Viocky Hao ,Bill
Holland(GM)

5
www.isoyes.com

QS-9000

QS-9000
QS-9000
QS-9000
Chrysler, Ford ,GM
QS-9000 [ QS-9000
QSAPPAP
APQPFMEA
MSASPC]

DelphiQS-9000

AIAG
QS-9000
QS-9000

QS-9000

AIAG QS-9000
QS-9000
QS-9000
QS-9000

6
www.isoyes.com

ASQC
AIAG

ASQC/AIAG

SPC

AIAG
LeonarD

SPC

Thomas T.Stallkamp
Clinton D.Lauer Donald A. Parvs

AIAG Joseph R.Phelan

Tripp MartionPeterson Spring ASQC

Bruce W. Pince
Task Force Coordinator
Sandy Corporation
Troy, Michigan
December, 1991

1991 AIAG AIAG AIAG

AIAG 313358-3570

7
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.......................................................................................................... 5

...................................................................................................... 7

...................................................................................... 9

.............................................................................11

........................................................................................ 13

................................................................................ 17

................................................................................ 21

.................................................................................................... 25

II
1

................................................................................................... 27
XR .............................................................................. 29
A ...................................................................................................... 31
B

................................................................................................. 37

.............................................................................................. 39

D .............................................................................................. 57
2

Xs ........................................................................... 65
A ...................................................................................................... 65
B

................................................................................................. 67

.............................................................................................. 67

D .............................................................................................. 67
3

~
xR
....................................................................................... 69
A ...................................................................................................... 69
B

................................................................................................. 71

.............................................................................................. 71

D .............................................................................................. 71
E
4

.................................................................................. 72

XMR .................................................................. 75
A ...................................................................................................... 75
B

................................................................................................. 75

.............................................................................................. 77

D .............................................................................................. 77
5

..................................................... 79
A .......................................................................................... 79
B

.......................................................................................... 80

...................................................................................... 81

D .................................................................................. 83

8
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 II
1

................................................................................................... 89
P ............................................................................................ 91
A ...................................................................................................... 93
B

................................................................................................. 95

.............................................................................................. 99

D ............................................................................................ 107
2

np .........................................................................................111
A .....................................................................................................111
B

................................................................................................111

.............................................................................................111

D .............................................................................................111
3

c ................................................................................................113
A .....................................................................................................113
B

................................................................................................113

.............................................................................................113

D .............................................................................................113
4

u ...........................................................................115
A .....................................................................................................115
B

................................................................................................115

.............................................................................................117

D .............................................................................................117
IV

..................................................................................................119

...................................................................................................................119

.................................................................................................. 121
A ................................................................................................... 121
B

........................................................................................................... 122

................................................................................................... 123

D ........................................................................................................... 127

...................................................................................... 131

.......................................................................................................... 137

................................................................... 139

Cpm USLT=TLSL .................................... 141

.................................................................................. 143

.................................................................................................. 147

.................................................................................. 159

.......................................................................................... 161

9
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
33
34
35
36
37

....................................................................................................................... 6
........................................................................................................... 8
............................................................................................................. 12
............................................................................................................. 16

..................................................................................................................... 20
............................................................. 26
XR
..................................................................................................................... 30
XR .................................................................................................................. 32
X .......................................................................................................... 34
XR ............................................................................................................. 36
R ......................................................................................... 38
R ............................................................................................................. 40
R ............................................................................................................. 42
XR .............................................................................. 44
X ..................................................................................................... 46
X
..................................................................................................................... 48
X ................................................................................................................. 50
XR .............................................................................................. 52
XR ...................................................................................................... 54
................................................................................................. 56
..................................................................................................................... 58
..................................................................................................................... 60

..................................................................................................................... 64
Xs
..................................................................................................................... 66
..................................................................................................................... 68
............................................................................................................. 70
..................................................................................................................... 74
..................................................................................................... 76
............................................................................................. 82
............................................................................................................. 84

..................................................................................................................... 88
p ............................................................................................. 92
p 1 .......................................................................... 94
p 2........................................................................... 96
p ............................................................................. 98
p ....................................................................................................... 100
p ....................................................................................... 102
p ............................................................................... 104
10
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38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

np ..............................................................................................................110
c ................................................................................................................112
u ................................................................................................114
u .....................................................................................................116
................................................................................... 124
............................................................................................... 125
........................................................................... 128
............................................................................... 129

11
www.isoyes.com

II
XRXs
XMR
III
p np c u IV

1.

2.
1
www.isoyes.com

3.

4.

5.

6.

SPC

AIAG MSA

2
www.isoyes.com

3
www.isoyes.com

2
3

4
5
6
7
8
G

4
www.isoyes.com

5
www.isoyes.com

SPC

1.

2.

3.

4.

6
www.isoyes.com

7
www.isoyes.com

8
www.isoyes.com

15%

85%

9
www.isoyes.com

15%

*W.E.?1967 8 NO.3,24 3 89~93

** J.M.,

10
www.isoyes.com

11
www.isoyes.com

2 5

12
www.isoyes.com


1
2
3
4

2 5

13
www.isoyes.com

 1
2
Cp Cpk II 5

22

II 5

14
www.isoyes.com

2.

14

15
www.isoyes.com

3 4

FMEA

16
www.isoyes.com

17
www.isoyes.com

1

2


3

18
www.isoyes.com

Walter

5
A

19
www.isoyes.com

20
www.isoyes.com

21
www.isoyes.com

I
0=

GR&R%,
,:
22
www.isoyes.com

mmkg

0 mm32*F

mm

h
h

X
R

23
www.isoyes.com

 II

X
R
6

2
16.45mm

X R X
R

1 XR X
s R

24
www.isoyes.com

25
www.isoyes.com

1
XR
XR

H 24
[Pareto]

IV XR

26
www.isoyes.com

XR

27
www.isoyes.com

A
XR

2~5 15

A1 7
a.

4 5

C.1.a C.4.c

b.

c.

100 25

28
www.isoyes.com

29
www.isoyes.com

A2 8
XR X R
X R

X
R/

A3 XR 8
X
R

X=

X1+X2 +Xn
n

R=X X
X1 X2 N

30
www.isoyes.com

XR

31
www.isoyes.com

A4 9
X R

X
X 2 R 0
R 2
R
2 1 0.01 1
0.02

A5 9

X R

32
www.isoyes.com

 10

XR

33
www.isoyes.com

n
E
B1

RX 10

R= R1+ R2++ Rk+

k
X1+ X2++ Xk+
X=
k
k R1 X1 1
R2 X2 1
B2

10

UCLR=D4R
LCLR=D3R
UCLX=X+A2R
LCLX=XA2R
D4D3A2
E 2 10
n
D4
D3
A2

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.27 2.57 2.28 2.11 2.00 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78
*
*
*
*
*
0.08 0.14 0.18 0.22
1.88 1.02 0.73 0.58 0.48 0.42 0.37 0.34 0.31

* 7 ,LCLR .,
6 ,6

B3

10

RXUCLR
LCLRUCLXLCLX

11

R
34
www.isoyes.com

R X R
X

R X

C1

a. 11

c.2

35
www.isoyes.com


b. 12

7
7

n5 R 8

13 R

36
www.isoyes.com

c 13

R 2/3
1/3
2/3 R
25
90%

2/3 R 25
40% 40%

* A
14

XR

37
www.isoyes.com

C2 14

H 11

C3 14

R
//

R X
R X XA2R

15

38
www.isoyes.com

C4

a. 15

35

16 X

39
www.isoyes.com

b. 16

7
7

17 X

40
www.isoyes.com

c. 17

1/3
1/20
1/150
99.73%
2/3
25
90%

2/3 25
40% 40%

*

**

*

* A
** B

18

XR

41
www.isoyes.com

C.5
18

38 C.2
( H,
11)
C.6 18

//

H
7~13
19

XR

42
www.isoyes.com

C.7

19

22

X R

a.
= R/d2
R d2 E

10

d2

1.13

1.69

2.06

2.33

2.53

2.70

2.85

2.97

3.08

b d2D2D3 A2
2
R = d
UCLR = D4 R
LCLR = D3 R
UCL X = X+ A2 R
LCL X = X A2 R

C.8

H 7 220~221

20

43
www.isoyes.com

D
18

20
X R

25

H 9 27

H 14
2

X
R
44
www.isoyes.com

21

45
www.isoyes.com

2
3

D1

R/d2=R/d2
=
R d2
E

10

d2

1.13

1.69

2.06

2.33

2.53

2.70

2.85

2.97

3.08

R/d
2

D2 21
Z

XR/d
2 Z

USLX
Z=
d2
R/

Z=

XLSL
d2
R/

SL=X=R/d
2=

USLX
ZUSL=
d2
R/

ZLSL=

XLSL
d2
R/

Z min= ZUSL ZLSL

USLLSL=Z
Z F

F Z Z
Z PZ
Z=1.56,1.5 x.x6 PZ=0.0594 6%

46
www.isoyes.com


Zmin Zmin4 Zmin=2.23 1.3%
Zmin=2.76
X
Zmin=4
=

USLX
Zmin

XLSL
Zmin

USL

0.9000.738 0.162
=
4
4

= 00405

0.0725 0.0405, 44%

X =0.700 Zmin=4X4

USLX
Zmin

0.9000.700
4

0.200
4

=0.0500

0.0725 0.0500, 30%

1.3% 0.6%,
,
, X4
X4=0.73840.0725=0.7380.290
=0.410~1.028(:0.45~1.03)

X =0.700(), X4 :
X4=0.70040.0725=0.7000.290
=0.410~0.990(:0.40~1.00)

22

47
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 ,
ZUSL=2.21,ZLSL= 2.85
PZUSL+PZLSL=0.0136+0.0022=0.0158 1.6%
Zmin CPK
CPK=

=CPU

CPL

USL LSL X
R/d2
Zmin=3 CPK=1.00; Zmin=4,
CPK=1.33
D3 22

Zmin CPK

Zmin3 CPK1.00
Zmin4 CPK1.33
5

48
www.isoyes.com

49
www.isoyes.com

D4

H 11
H
7~13
D5

25

50
www.isoyes.com

2 10
1-11

1-12

1-13

1-14

1-15

1-18

1-19

1.30

1.01

1.22

1.08

.98

1.12

.92

1.04

1.08

1.20

1.25

1.24

1.13

1.08

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.12

1.30

1.30

1.10

1.14

.92

1.13

.91

1.34

1.16

1.31

1.20

1.15

.93

1.11

1.31

1.01

1.13

1.18

1.14

1.19

.96

1.40

1.12

1.12

1.25

.97

1.08

1.28

1.12

1.20

1.02

1.12

1.20

1.15

1.04

1.26

1.22

1.18

1.05

1.25

1.15

1.00

1.08

1.11

.03

1.00

1.02

1.03

.93

1.13

1.12

1.15

.95

1.12

1.27

.95

1.10

.93

1.17

1.02

1.04

1.25

1.08

1.15

1.07

1.17

1.10

1.10

.95

1.15

1.15

1.02

1.24

1.05

.94

1.20

1.29

1.08

1.04

.98

1.16

.90

1.11

1.14

1.35

1.25

.98

1.34

.105

1.24

1.42

.102

1.28

1.05

1.37

1.04

1.12

1.28

1.12

1.05

1.34

1.12

1.12

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.12

1.00

10

.98

1.08

1.10

1.31

1.26

1.10

1.12

1.05

1.06

1.03

1.00

1.18

1.10

1.26

1.15

1.07

1.10

1.14

1.18

1.11

1.10

1.11

1.06

1.15

1.10

1.19

1.14

1.13

.136

.098

.106

.120

.121

.115

.136

.101

.086

.079

.170

.125

.070

.107

1-20

1-21

1-22

1.08

1.14

1.06

1.14

1.07

1.13

1.26

1.02

1.12

1.22

1.05

.90

1.13

1.14

.98

1.18

.97

1.12

.94

.94

1.12

1.27

1.05

1.04

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.17

1.16

1.40

1.15

1.08

1.02

1.26

1.02

1.12

1.07

.94

1.19

1.15

1.14

1.15

1.02

1.12

1.03

1.07

1.07

1.01

1.22

1.15

1.02

1.02

1.00

1.30

10

1.18

1.36

1.09

1.36

1.06

1.14

1.14

1.12

1.08

1.18

1.06

1.13

.111

.137

.074

.099

.059

.141

23

51
www.isoyes.com

2
(Xs )
XR Xs

s R
/ s

s

Xs XR
A
1 A
23
X s

s =

XiX2
n1

s=

Xi2nX2
n1

Xi2+nX22+X2nnX2

n1

XinX n
X

s X
24

X s

52
www.isoyes.com

B 24
1 B
UCLSLCLSUCLXLCLX
UCLS = B 4s
UCLX = X+A 3s
LCLS = B 3s
LCLX = X+A 3s
s B 4B 3 A 3
E 2 10
n

10

B4

3.27

2.57

2.27

2.09

1.97

1.88

1.82

1.76

1.72

B3

0.03

0.12

0.19

0.24

0.28

A3

2.66

1.95

1.63

1.43

1.29

1.18

1.10

1.03

0.98

* 6 ,

C.

1 C
D
1 D

= s/c4 = s/c4
s
c4

E 2 10 c4
n

10

c4

0.798

0.886

0.9214

0.940

0.952

0.959

0.965

0.969

0.973

*,,

25

53
www.isoyes.com

3
XR
25 XR

XR
A
A

a
b
1.5 2

XR

B
1 B

X
R;
UCLRLCLRUCLXLCLX
UCLR =D4R
LCLR=D3 R
UCLX=X+2R
LCLX=X2R
54
www.isoyes.com

 26

D4D3 2 E
2 10
n

10

D4

3.27

2.57

2.28

2.11

2.00

1.92

1.86

1.82

1.78

D3

0.08

0.14

0.18

0.22

1.88

1.19

0.80

0.69

0.56

0.51

0.43

0.41

0.36

* 7

*
C.
1 C
UCLR LCLR

/3
26

D
1 D

= R/d2
R d2
E 2 10 d2
n

10

d2

1.13

1.69

2.06

2.33

2.53

2.70

2.85

2.97

3.08

55
www.isoyes.com

20

27

56
www.isoyes.com

4
XMR

pH

4
XR

2 4 XR

100
XR
A 27
1 A
X
MR

25
24
3
4

23 4 n

X a
b
1.5 2 MR X
B
1 B

XR
2 MR 1
57
www.isoyes.com

 28

UCLMR =D4R
LCLMR=D3 R
UCLX=X+E2R
LCLX=XE2R
R X D4D3 E2

E
n

10

D4

3.27

2.57

2.28

2.11

2.00

1.92

1.86

1.82

1.78

D3

0.08

0.14

0.18

0.22

1.88

1.19

0.80

0.69

0.56

0.51

0.43

0.41

0.36

* 7
R R 2
H 23
UCLMR =3.865R

LCLMR=0

UCLX=X+3.14R

LCLX=X3.14R

C 28
1 C

D
1 D
XR
= R/d2 =R/d2
58
www.isoyes.com

R d2
n E
n

10

d2

1.13

1.69

2.06

2.33

2.53

2.70

2.85

2.97

3.08

59
www.isoyes.com

H 17

Cp Pp
CPUCPL
CPK PPK
CR PR
D H
16 Cpm Cpm

A

R/d2 s/c4
60
www.isoyes.com

nX X2
i

S = n1
i=1

= ^s

Xi X n

6
R/d2R/d2
6
S ^ s
B
B1
CP

USLLSL
CP =
6^ R/d2
PP
^
USLLSL
PP = 6^ R/d CP
2
CPK / CPCPK

CPU

CPU =

USLX
3^ R/d2

CPL

CPL =
CPK CPU CPL

61
www.isoyes.com

USLX
PPK 3^ R/d2
XLSL
3^ R/d2

B2

^ R/d
6
1
2
CRCR= C = USLLSL
P
6^ S
1
PRPR=
= USLLSL
CP
45
B3 s s
s A B s 65 X s
s s =

n
s60
n

sn
n
s s

s 52 ~53

CPK PPK

CPK

61
B

62
www.isoyes.com

CPK 1.40 1.05,

H 192021
29

63
www.isoyes.com

CPK
CPK
H 14 18

D1

29 a

/ 29b

30

64
www.isoyes.com

D2
I 2 1 6

30a
30a 30b

[ 30
c]

[
30e]

H 22

45%
[ 30d]

65
www.isoyes.com

D3
C

CP CPKPP
PPKCR CPK PR PPK

30

/ R/d2 s

R/d2 s
/
CP/CPK

66
www.isoyes.com

/
/
/
/

p
np

c

u

31

67
www.isoyes.com

 III

II

31/
///
*
/

*/
1
2
3
1 12 H

1 P
2 np
3 c
4 u
p
68
www.isoyes.com

69
www.isoyes.com

70
www.isoyes.com

1
p

p
75

/
/

26

p II

32

p
71
www.isoyes.com

A
A.1 32
a.
50 200

np5

25%
p

b.

c.

25

A.2 p 32

n
np

np

n= n

A.3 32

0 1.5
2
A.4 32
p

33

p 1
72
www.isoyes.com

B
B.1 (p)( 33 )
k ,
p=

n1p1+ n2p2++ nkPk

n1+ n2++ nk

n1p1n2p2 n1n2
.(p100)
p

B.2 UCLLCL 33I

UCLP = p + 3p1 p / n
LCLP = p + 3p1 p / n
n
p /LCL
p=0

B.3

33I
P
UCLLCL

33 p 2

73
www.isoyes.com

25%
n
UCLPLCLP = P3p1p/n

25%

UCLPLCLP = P3p1p/n = P3p1p/n
n n
33II

34

74
www.isoyes.com

C.1

34
a

np9 p
X np 5

35

75
www.isoyes.com

b 35np

7
7
7

np 5
p 8

36

76
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c 36

np 2/3
1/3
1/20

2/3
25
90%

2/3
25
40%

37

77
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C.2 37

H 11

C.3 37

B.1 B.2
n n
H 612

78
www.isoyes.com

3.12%
96.88%

100%
3%

79
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D
/
p

R/d2
D.1

p
1P

25

p
D.2

80
www.isoyes.com

81
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D3

H 11

XR
D.4

38 np

82
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2
np
np 38
p np P
np a
bnp
p
A
A

np
B
1 B
np
np =

np1 + np2 + + npk

K

np1np2 K
UCLLCL
UCLnp = np + 3 np1 np = np + 3np1p
n
lCLnp = np

3 np1np = np
n

3np1p

n=
C
1 C
D
1 D np p p
39

c
83
www.isoyes.com

3
c
c 39
np c

09 100

c p

1 A

c c
n
c
B

1 B
c
c =

c1+ c2++ cK
k

c1c2 k
UCLC LCLC
UCLC = c + 3c
LCLC = c - 3c
C

1 C

1 D
c n
40

u
84
www.isoyes.com

4
u
u 4

c u c

u
u u p
A
1 A

25%
u

c
u = n
c n

c n
n

100
100 n
B
1 B

c1+ c2++ ck
u = n1+ n2++ nk
c1 n1 K

UCL LCL
u
UCLU = u+3u / u = u+3 n
u
LCLU = u3u / u = u3 n
n
41 u
85
www.isoyes.com


41
25%
u
UCLULCLU = u3u / u = u3 n
u n

1 C
D

1 D
u

86
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 IV

SPC

=+]

=+*

AIAG
1990 12 MSA

H 15 ASQC MSA

MSA
MSA

* H 18

87
www.isoyes.com

[XRLong Method]

124 42
R&R

1 ABC 1 10

10

2
3 A 10
1 B C
10 6 11
4 27
12 7
7 3
38 13
5
34
a A 1 1
B 1 6 C 1
11
b A 1 2
B 7 C 12
88
www.isoyes.com

 3 38
13
6 A
10 1 A
2 3
B C
B
42 43 42
43

1 123
5 67 8 111213
10 15 42

2 510 15 42

3 5 1
Ra 10 15 Rb
Rc 42

4 510 15 RaRbRc 17
R
42

5 R 19 20 D4 D3
D3=0D4=3.27
UCLR 19 7
LCLR 0 42
6 UCL

R UCLR

7 1236781112 13

42
8 123
4 Xa 678 111213
9 14 Xb Xc
42
9 18 49 14
18 XDIFF
89
www.isoyes.com

42

10

16
42

11 16

RP RP 42

12 RXDIFF RP 43
13
43

14% 43
15
C

42 43

43
5.15
99%
EV e R
K1K1
AV o
XDIFF K2K2

AV

EV2
AV=[XDIFFK2] -[ nr ]
2

n=r=
AV=0

90
www.isoyes.com

1.

A 1

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

B 1

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

C 1

12.

13.

14.

15.

10

Xa=
Ra=

Xb=
Rb=

Xc =
Rc=
RP =

16.
(XP)
17.

[Ra=

18.

[MaxX=

19.
20.

[R=
[R=

+Rb=

+Rc=

MinX=

]/[=]=
]=XDIFF

]=UCLR

]=UCLR

D4 =
D4 =

R=

* D4 2 3.27 3 2.58, 7 D4*0,UCLR R

42

91
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R=

XDIFF=

RP=

EV
%EV

EV = RK1
=

K1

4.45

3.05

= 100[EV / TV]
= 100[
=

AV
AV = [XDIFFK1EV2/nr]
= [

%AV

= 100[AV / TV]
= 100[

n=

K2

2
3.65

3
2.70

r=

R&R
R&R = EV2+ AV2
=

%R&R

=
(PV)
PV = R PK3
=

=
(TV)

= 100[

K3

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3.65
2.70
2.30
2.08
1.93
1.82
1.74
1.67
1.62

= 100[%R&R / TV]
=

%PV

= 100[PV / TV]
= 100[
=

TV = R&R 2+ RV2
=

5.15( 99.0%)
K1 5.15/d2 d2 rmg 15d2
E
AVAV 0o
K2= 5.15/d2, d2*(m)(g),g=1,;
K3= 5.15/d2, d2*(m),(g) 1,;
d2*(A.J.Duncan) D3 ( H, 9)

43

92
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R&R m

R&R= [EV2+AV2]
PV PRP
K3

TV
PV
TV= R&R2+PV2
6
TV

1. TV=5.15[

6.00 ]

2. PV=[TV2+R&R2]
(TV PV).
,(TV)
43

EV
TV%EV 100[ TV ]

%AV =100[ AV ]
TV
R&R
% R&R =100[ TV ]
%PV =100[ PV ]
TV
100%

93
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43
%EV
%AV%R&R %PV TV

%R&R

10%
10% 30%

30%

10

44 45
UCLRLCLR
44
UCLR LCLR

45
%R&R 25.2%

94
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10

1.

A 1

0.83

2.

0.83

3.

4.

5.

6.

B 1

0.79

7.

0.75

8.

9.

10.

11.

C 1

0.83

12.

0.83

13.

14.

15.

Xa= 0.85
Ra= 0.05

Xb= 0.77
Rb= 0.03

Xc = 0.83
Rc= 0.03
RP= 0.56

16.
(XP)
17.

[Ra=0.05 +Rb=0.05+Rc=0.03 ]/[= 3 ]=

18.

[MaxX=0.83MinX=0.77 ]=XDIFF

19.
20.

R= 0.04
0.06

0.13

0.00

[R=0.04D4 =0.13 ]=UCLR

[R=0.04D4 =0.00 ]=UCLR

* D4 2 3.27 3 2.58, 7 D3*0,UCLR R

42

95
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4/12/88

X2934

0.61.0mm

0.0~10.1mm

R= 0.04

XDIFF=0.06

RP=0.56
%

EV
%EV

EV = RK1
= 0.044.56

K1

4.56

3.05

= 0.18

= 100[EV / TV]
= 100[ 0.18/0.93 ]
= 18.7%

AV
AV = [XDIFFK1EV2/nr]

%AV

= [0.062.700.18 /102]

= 100[AV / TV]
= 100[0.16/0.93]
= 16.8%

n=

=0.16

K2

2
3.65

3
2.70

r=

R&R
R&R = EV2+ AV2
2

%R&R

= 0.18 +0.16
=0.24

(PV)
PV = R PK3
=0.561.62
=0.09
(TV)

= 100[0.24/0.93]

K3

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3.65
2.70
2.30
2.08
1.93
1.82
1.74
1.67
1.62

= 100[%R&R / TV]
= 25.2%

%PV

= 100[PV / TV]
= 100[0.90/0.93]
= 96.8%

TV = R&R 2+ RV2
= 0.242+0.902
= 0.93

5.15( 99.0%)
K1 5.15/d2 d2 rmg 15d2
E
AVAV 0o
K2= 5.15/d2, d2*(m)(g),g=1,;
K3= 5.15/d2, d2*(m),(g) 1,;
d2*(A.J.Duncan) D3 ( H, 9)

43

96
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S1
S2

S3
S4
3

16

17

18

18

20

12

15

12

12

10

12

10

11

12

12

16
97
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20
1

80 n=4 7.85
17.91

98
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80 n=4 11.76 ,
2.84 ,X 13.83 9.70 ,R 6.46

X 3 3
1 X
X

R X

99
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X
X

100
www.isoyes.com

R
X
X

101
www.isoyes.com

1
H
4 11

102
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103
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 D
Cpm*[USLT]=TLSL]**

n
* Cpm =

USLLSL
6Cpm

Cpm =

i=1

XiT2
n=1

T=

Xi

n=

** L.S.ChanS.W.Chengand F.A.SpiringCpmVol.20No.31998 7 16

104
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XR *
X

XS *

A2

d2

1.880

D3

D4

A3

C4

B3

B4

1.128

3.267

2.659

0.7979

3.267

1.023

1.693

2.574

1.954

0.8862

2.568

0.729

2.059

2.282

1.628

0.9213

2.266

0.577

2.326

2.114

1.427

0.9400

2.089

2.004

1.287

0.9515

0.030

1.970

0.483

2.534

0.149

2.704

0.076

1.924

1.182

0.9594

0.118

1.882

0.373

2.847

0.136

1.864

1.099

0.9650

0.185

1.815

0.337

2.970

0.184

1.816

1.032

0.9693

0.239

1.761

10

0.308

3.078

0.223

1.777

0.975

0.9727

0.284

1.716

11

0.285

3.173

0.256

1.744

0.927

0.9754

0.321

1.679

12

0.266

3.258

0.283

1.717

0.886

0.9776

0.354

1.646

13

0.249

3.336

0.307

1.693

0.850

0.9794

0.382

1.618

14

0.235

3.407

0.328

1.672

0.817

0.9810

0.406

1.594

15

0.223

3.472

0.347

1.653

0.789

0.9823

0.428

1.572

16

0.212

3.532

0.363

1.637

0..763

0.9835

0.448

1.552

17

0.203

3.588

0.738

1.622

0.739

0.9845

0.466

1.534

18

0.194

3.640

0.391

1.608

0.718

0.9854

0.482

1.518

19

0.187

3.689

0.403

1.597

0.698

0.9862

0.497

1.503

20

0.180

3.735

0.415

1.585

0.680

0.9869

0.510

1.490

21

0.173

3.778

0.425

1.575

0.663

0.9876

0.523

1.477

22

0.167

3.819

0.434

1.566

0.647

0.9882

0.534

1.466

23

0.162

3.858

0.443

1.557

0.633

0.9887

0.545

1.455

24

0.157

3.895

0.451

1.548

0.619

0.9892

0.555

1.445

25

0.153

3.931

0.459

1.541

0.606

0.9896

0.565

1.435

UCLX , LCL X = XA2R

UCLX , LCL X = XA3S

UCLR = D4R

UCLS = B4S

LCLR = D3R

LCLS = B3S

^
=R/d
2

^ S/C4
=

* ASTMSTP15D
1976 134~136 ASTM 1916Race
StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19103

105
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*
X

A2

E2

d2

1.880

1.128

d2

D3

D4
3.267

2.660

1.128

D3

D4
3.267

1.187

1.693

2.574

1.772

1.696

2.574

0.796

2.059

2.282

1.457

2.059

2.282

0.691

2.326

2.114

1.290

2.326

2.114

0.548

2.534

2.004

1.184

2.534

0.508

2.704

0.076

1.924

1.109

2.704

0.076

1.924

0.433

2.847

0.136

1.864

1.054

2.847

0.136

1.864

0.412

2.970

0.184

1.816

1.010

2.970

0.184

1.816

10

0.362

3.078

0.223

1.777

0.975

3.078

0.223

1.777

UCLX , LCL X = XA2R

UCLX , LCL X = XE2R

UCLR = D4R

UCLS = D4R

LCLR = D3R

LCLS = D3R

^
=R/d
2

^ S/C4
=

2.004

* ASTMSTP15D
1976 134~136 ASTM 1916Race
StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19103
* * A ASTMSTP15D W.J.Dixon F.J.Massey,Jr.,(,1969 488
);McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York.

106
www.isoyes.com

p
UCLPLCLP =p3p1p/n

= p3p1p/n
np
UCLPLCLP = p3p1p
c
UCLCLCLC = c3c
u
UCLULCLU =u3u /n

u
u3 n

np

107
www.isoyes.com

Pz=
z
z=2.17, pz=0.0150 1.5%,
,

108
www.isoyes.com

H
Terms Used in This Maunal
Advanced Statistical Methods

Attributes Data

//
pnpc
u
Average Mean

x XXX XX
R
AwarenesS

Basic Statistical Methods

Binomial Distribution
p np
Cause-Effect Diagram

Central Line

Characteristic

Common Cause

109
www.isoyes.com

Consecutive

Continual Improvement in Quality and Productivity

2
Control

I II

Control Limit

CUSUM

CUSUM
Detection

Distrbution

Individual
X
Location

Mean

Median

~
~ ]
X

110
www.isoyes.com

Moving Range

Nonconformity

c u
Normal Distribution

68.26%, 95.44%
; 99.73%

Operational Definition
1
23
Pareto Chart

Poisson Distribution
c u
Prevention

Problim-Solving

Process

Process Average
X
Process Capability
6R/d2
Variables Data Case
111
www.isoyes.com

1
2

6R/d2
%
CPK

Attributes Data Case

pc
u 1p
Process Control

Process Performance
6R/d2
Process Spread
X3
Qadratic

Randomess

Ramdom Sampling

Range

Rational Subgroup

Run

Run Chart

Smaple

Shape

Singma

112
www.isoyes.com

Special Cause

Specification

Spread

Stability

Stable Process

Standard Deviation

s
Statistic

Statistical Control

Statistical Process Control

Subgroup

I Type Erroy

II Type Error

XR Xs

Variation

113
www.isoyes.com

Inherent Variation
6R/d2
Total Variation
s
Zone Analysis
Shewhart X

0.3413, 0.136,
0.02135, 0.00135

Western Electric
2531180183 H 7

114
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A2 R E
~ 2 R E
A
A3 s E
B3B4 s

Cc III 3
c n
C4 s E
USLLSL
CP 6R/d
2
CPK CPU CPL
CPL XLSL
3
R/d2
USLX
CPU 3R/d
2
R/d2
6
CRUSLLSL
d2 R E
D3D4 R E

E2 R E
k
LCLLCLXLCLRLCLP

LSL
MR
n
n

115
www.isoyes.com

np n np
III 2
np n
pp III 1
p
USLLSL
PP

6
S
6
S
PR

USLLSL
PPK

XUSL
USLX

3
S
3
S

PZ
z
R
R III
R
~R
R
ss II 2
ss II 5
s
SL
u
u III 4
u
UCLUCLXUCLRUCLP

USL
X II
4
XX II 1

116
www.isoyes.com

X
X II 4

X
X II 3
~
X
Z
ZUSL
Zmin

XRP
n

R/d2
6
d2 E

117
www.isoyes.com

1.

Walter A.Shewhart,Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product,Van

Nostrand,1931;republished ASQC,1980.Available from the American Society
for Qontrol,611East Wisconsin Ave.,Milwaukee,WI 53202.
2.
Walter A.Shewhart,Statistical Method from the Vicwpoint of Quality
Control,Edited by W.Edwards Deming,the Graduate School,Departmtnt of
Agriculture,1939
3.
W.Edwards Deming,Quality,Productivity and Comperitive Position,Massachusetts Insitute of Technology,Center for Advanced Engineering Study,1982.
4.
W.Edwards Deming,Out of the Crisis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Center ofr Advanced Engineering Study,1989.
5.
American National Standards Institute,Guide for Quality Control and Control
Chart Method of Analyzing Date (ASCQ Standards B1-1958and B2-1958/ANSI
Z1.1-1958,revised 1975).
American National Standsrds institute,Control Chart Method of Controlling
Quality During Production (ASCQ Standard B3-1958/ANSI Z1.3-1958,revised
1975).
NOTE:
The above two booklets are available from the American Society for Quality Control,611East wisiconsin Ave,Milwaukee,WI 53202.
6.
American Society for Testing and Materials,Mamal on Presentation of Data and
Control Chart Analysis (STP-15D),1976.Available from the ASTM,1916 Race
Street,Phialdelphia,PA 19103.
7.
Westerm Electric CO>,Inc.,Statistical Quality Control Handbllk,1956.Available
from:I.D.C.Commercial sales,Western Electreic Company,P.O.Box 26205,Indianapolis,Indiana 46226.
8.
Harvey C.Charbonneau and Gordon L.Webster,Industrial Quality Control,Prentice-Hall,inc.,1978.
9.
Acheson J.Duncan,Quality Control and Industrial Statistics,Richard D.1rwin,Inc. ,Fourth Edition,1974.
10. Eugene L.Grant and Richard S.Leavenworth,Statistical Quality Control,McGraw
-Hill,Inc.,Fifth Edition,1980.
11. Kaoru Ishikawa,Grude to Quality control,Asian Prlductivity Organization,Revi-sed Edition,1976.
12. J.M.Juran,Frand M.Gryna,Jr.,and R.S.Bingham,Jr.,Quality Control Handbook,
McGraw-Hill,Inc.,Fourth Edition,1990.
13. Ellis R.Ott,Process Quality Control,McGraw-Hill Inc.,1975
14. Bert Gunter,Use and Abuse of CPK,4 parts ,Quality progress,January 1989,
March 1989,May,1989 and July 1989.
15. ASQC Automotive Division/AIAG,Measurement Systems Analysis Reference
Manual, AIAG,1990..
16. L.J.Chan.S.W.Cheng,and F.A.Spiring,A New Measure of Process Capability:
Cpm,Journal of Quality Technologh,vol,20,No.3,1988,pp 162-175.
118
www.isoyes.com

17.

Fred A.Spiring,Assessing Process Capabiliyt in the Prescnce of Systematie Assignable Cause,Journal of Qualiyt Technologh, Vol. 23, No.2, April 1991
18. John T.Herman,Capability Index-Enough for Process Industries?Proceedings,
ASQC 43rd AQC. 1989.
19. Robert A.Dovivh,Statistical Terrorists,Quality in Manu facturine Manazine,
March-April, 1991.
20. B.A.F.Bissell,How Reliable Is Your capability Index?,Applied Statistics,Vol.
39,1990,pp 331-340.
21. R.A.Boyles,The Taguchi Capability Index,Journal of Quality Technology,vol.23,1991,pp.17-26.
22. William W.Scherkenbach,Drmins Road to Comtinual Improvement,SPC Press,
Inc., 1986.
23. Donald J.Wheeler, David s.Chambers Understanding Stantistical Process Contro l, Statistical Process Controls, Inc., 1986.
24. General Motors corporation, Key Characteristics Designation System,GM-1805
QN, 1991.
25. Douglas C.Montogomery,Introduction to Statistical Quality Control,ASQC Quality Press, 1991.
26. Leonard A.Doty, Statistical Process Control, ASQC Quality Press, 1991.
27. Peter D. Mauch , Basic SPC: A Guide For the Service Industries, ASQC Quality
Press, 1991.
28. J.Bert Keats and Douglas C. Montgomery, Stutistical Process Control in Manufacturing,ASQC Quality Press, 1991.
29. Gary Fellers, PhD.,SPC for Practitioners:Special Cases and Continuous Processes , ASQC Quality Press, 1991.
30. ASQC Statistics Division, Statistical How-ToTechniques Series,ASQC QualiTy Press (15 volumes), 1979-1991.
31. Victor E.Kane,Defect Pervention-Use of Sinple Statistical Tools, Marcel Dekker,
Inc. and ASQC Quality Press, 1989.
32. ASQC, Definitions, Symbols, Formulas, and Tables for Control Charts, ANSI/
ASQC A1-1987.

119
www.isoyes.com

120
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121
www.isoyes.com

np

UCLnpLCLnp =np3np1p

UCLcLCLc =c3c
u

UCLnpLCLnp =p3

u
UCLcLCLc =u2 n

p1p
n

7
7

122
www.isoyes.com

/S.P.C
, 10 SPC
/

//

C.Q.Project Team coordinator

AIAG Headquarters-Suite 200
26200 Lahser Road
Southfield, Michigan 48
123
www.isoyes.com

86-22-84771635

86-22-84771202

86-22-24375351

86-22-24375352

Emailcaqc@public.tpt.tj.cn

catarctr@public.tpt.tj.cm

124
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