Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) This print-out should have 26 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 002 10.0 points Consider the following reaction: CaCN2 + 3 H2O CaCO3 + 2 NH3

mccord - ch301
12noon class only - 51315 7-9pm Sept 18, 2012 in WEL 2.224 R = 0.08206 Latm/molK R = 62.36 Ltorr/molK R = 8.314 J/molK NA = 6.022 1023 mol1 1 atm = 101325 Pa 1 bar = 100000 Pa 1 atm = 14.7 psi 001 10.0 points The same number of grams of NH3 and O2 are placed in separate bulbs of equal volume and temperature under conditions when both gases behave ideally. Which statement is true? 1. The pressures in the two bulbs are the same. 2. The bulb containing O2 contains more molecules of gas. 3. Both bulbs contain the same number of moles of gas. 4. The pressure in the O2 bulb is greater than the pressure in the NH3 bulb. 5. The pressure in the NH3 bulb is greater than the pressure in the O2 bulb. correct Explanation: The molecular weight of NH3 is less than that of O2 , so in equal masses there are more moles of NH3 than of O2 . At the same volume and temperature, the larger number of moles of NH3 would exert a higher pressure.

105.0 g CaCN2 and 78.0 g H2 O are reacted. Assuming 100% eciency, which reactant is in excess and how much is leftover? The molar mass of CaCN2 is 80.11 g/mol. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.09 g/mol. 1. CaCN2 ; 10.7 g left over 2. CaCN2 ; 70.8 g left over 3. CaCN2 ; 7.20 g left over 4. H2 O; 7.20 g left over correct 5. H2 O; 10.7 g left over 6. H2 O; 70.8 g left over Explanation: CaCN2 + 3 H2O CaCO3 + 2 NH3 According to the stoichiometry 1 mol of CaCN2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 O. First we calculate the moles of CaCN2 and of H2 O as shown below. ? mol CaCN2 = 105.0 g NaCN2 1 mol CaCN2 80.11 g CaCN2 = 1.31 mol CaCN2

? molH2 O = 78.0 g H2 O = 4.33 mol H2 O

1 mol H2 O 18.0152 g H2 O

Since the stoichiometric ratio CaCN2 to H2 O is 1 to 3, to react completely 1.31 mol CaCN2 we will require to use: 3 1.31 = 3.93 mol H2 O

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) We calculated that we have 4.33 mol H2 O. Therefore water is in excess: 4.33 3.93 = 0.40 mol H2 O ? excess H2 O = 0.40 mol H2 O 18.0152 g H2 O 1 mol H2 O = 7.20 g H2 O 003 10.0 points If 250 mL of a gas at STP weighs 2 g, what is the molar mass of the gas? 1. 56.0 g mol1 2. 44.8 g mol1 3. 28.0 g mol1 4. 8.00 g mol1 Explanation: V = 250 mL P = 1 atm T = 0 C = 273.15 K m=2g The density of the sample is m 2g = = = 8 g/L V 0.25 L The ideal gas law is P V = nRT P n = V RT with unit of measure mol/L on each side. Multiplying each by molar mass (MM) gives n P MM = MM = , V RT with units of g/L. MM = RT P (8 g/L)(0.08206 L atm/mol/K) = 1 atm (273.15 K) = 179.318 g/mol 5. 179 g mol1 correct

004 10.0 points The root mean square speed of nitrogen molecules in air at 20 C is 511 m/s in a certain container. If the gas is allowed to expand to twice its original volume, the root mean square velocity of nitrogen molecules drops to 325 m/s. Calculate the temperature after the gas has expanded. 1. 261 C 2. 154 C correct 3. 45.1 C 4. 261 C 5. 347 C 6. 45.1 C 7. 347 C 8. 154 C Explanation: T1 = 20 C + 273.15 = 293.15 K vT2 = 325 m/s vT1 = 511 m/s From kinetic molecular theory, temperature is directly proportional to mean KE. 1 KEmean = (MW)(average molecular speed)2 2 and knowing MW is constant (its the same 2 gas), T vrms and vT1 T1 = vT2 T2 T2 = vT2 T1 = vT2 = 118.581 K ,
2

325 m/s 511 m/s

(293.15 K)

so the nal temperature is

118.581 K 273.15 = 154.569 C .

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) 005 10.0 points Balance the equation C2 H6 + O2 CO2 + H2 O using the smallest possible integers. The sum of the coecients is 1. 9. 2. 10. 3. 19. correct 4. 4. Explanation: A balanced equation must have the same number of each kind of atom on both sides of the equation. We nd the number of each kind of atom using equation coecients and composition stoichiometry. For example, we nd there are 4 C atoms on the reactant side: 2C = 4C. 1 C2 H 6 Correct answer: 3.23563 atm. Explanation: n = 1.35 mol T = 2.0 C + 273 = 275 K P =

V = 9.42 L P =?

nRT V Latm (1.35 mol) 0.0821 molK (275 K) = 9.42 L = 3.23563 atm

007 10.0 points The density of the vapor of allicin, a component of garlic, is 1.14 g L1 at 125 C and 175 Torr. What is the molar mass of allicin? 1. 869 g mol1 2. 21.6 g mol1 3. 273 g mol1 4. 162 g mol1 correct Explanation: T = 125 C + 273.15 K = 398.15 K 1 atm P = (175 Torr) = 0.230263 atm 760 Torr = 1.14 g/L The ideal gas law is P V = nRT P n = V RT with unit of measure mol/L on each side. Multiplying each by molar mass (MM) gives P n MM = MM = , V RT with units of g/L. MM = RT P Latm (1.14 g/L) 0.08206 molK = 0.230263 atm (398.15 K) = 161.755 g/mol 5. 50.8 g mol1

? C atoms = 2 C2 H6

The balanced equation is 2 C2 H6 + 7 O2 4 CO2 + 6 H2 O and has 4 C, 12 H, and 14 O atoms on each side. ? sum coecients = 2 + 7 + 4 + 6 = 19 006 10.0 points A gas sample occupies 9.42 L at 2.0 C. What is the pressure given that there are 1.35 mol of gas in the sample? 1. 8.97471 2. 3.35577 3. 6.32957 4. 2.93649 5. 3.23563 6. 10.2434 7. 6.68945 8. 5.89651 9. 4.62372 10. 8.55431

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) 008 10.0 points Absolute zero (0 K) is the temperature at which 1. gaseous helium liquees. 1 1 intersects the 2. a graph of V versus P P axis. 3. None of these 1 1 4. a graph of P versus intersects the V V axis. 5. the straight line graph of V versus T intersects the T axis. correct Explanation: A graph of V vs. T is a straight line. This line intersects the temperature axis at 273 C, at which is 0 K or absolute zero. 009 10.0 points Ludwig Boltzmann performed a simple, but powerful experiment to gather evidence concerning the velocity distribution of a sample of gas particles. His experiment revealed that the velocities of gases: 1. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the temperature of the gas, not the molar mass of the gas. 2. Are distributed in the same characteristic manner for all gases, regardless of the temperature or molar mass, as long as the gas is behaving ideally. 3. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the molar mass of the gas and the temperature of the gas. correct 4. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the molar mass of the gas, but not the temperature of the gas. Explanation: .

010 10.0 points Consider two balloons lled with gas and arranged so that P , V , T are the same in both. The number of molecules in each balloon 1. could be dierent if the lling gases are dierent. 2. must be the same. correct 3. must be dierent. 4. would be the same only if the lling gases are the same. Explanation: P1 = P2 V1 = V2 PV P V = n R T, so R = nT Thus P2 V2 P1 V1 = n2 T2 n1 T1 P1 V1 T2 n1 = =1 n2 P2 V2 T1 n1 = n2 011 10.0 points In an improved version of the gas law, V is replaced by (V n b). The two quantities n and b in this equation represent, respectively, the 1. number of moles of gas; molar volume of the particles. correct 2. number of molecules of gas; molar volume of the particles. 3. number of electrons within the gas; molecular radius of the particles. 4. number of moles of gas; molecular radius of the particles. 5. number of moles of gas; volume of the container itself. T1 = T2

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) Explanation: n represents moles (as it does in P V = n R T ). b is the correction factor for volume because gas molecules (aka: the particles) really do take up a nite amount of space themselves. b represents the space that the particles cannot move into because it is already occupied. 012 10.0 points How many molecules are contained in 1204 mL of O2 gas at 125 C and 837 torr? 1. 4.50218e+22 2. 3.03123e+22 3. 4.01328e+22 4. 2.15205e+22 5. 2.04312e+22 6. 6.77392e+22 7. 4.18495e+22 8. 2.60369e+22 9. 2.44492e+22 10. 1.51595e+22 Correct answer: 2.44492 1022 molec. Explanation: V = 1.204 L T = 125 C + 273 = 398 K 1 atm = 1.10132 atm P = 837 torr 760 torr Applying the ideal gas law equation, P V = nRT PV n= RT (1.204 L) (1.10132 atm) = Latm 0.08206 molK (398 K) 6.022 1023 molec mol = 2.44492 1022 molec 013 10.0 points The pressure on a gas at 44 C is doubled, but its volume is held constant. What will the nal temperature be in degrees Celsius? 1. 177.0 2. 143.0 3. 131.0 4. 111.0 5. 149.0 6. 183.0 7. 99.0 8. 185.0 9. 137.0 10. 151.0 Correct answer: 185 C.

Explanation: P2 = 2 P1 T1 = 44 C + 273 = 229 K T2 = ? Applying the Gay-Lussac law, P1 P2 = T1 T2 2 P1 (229 K) P2 T1 = T2 = P1 P1 = 458 K = 185 C 014 10.0 points A 6.00 L sample of C2 H4 (g) at 2.00 atm and 293 K is burned in 6.00 L of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure to form carbon dioxide gas and liquid water. If the reaction goes to completion, what is the nal volume of all gases at 2.00 atm and 293 K? 1. 12.00 L 2. 2.66 L 3. 2.00 L 4. 8.00 L correct 5. 4.00 L 6. 6.00 L Explanation: The balanced equation is C2 H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) 2 H2 O() + 2 CO2 (g) Avogadros Principle tells us that when P and T are constant (which they are in this problem), V n, so we can work with the volume of the gases instead of the number of moles. From the equation above, we need 3

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) times more L of O2 than of C2 H4 (18 L, not the given 6 L!) so O2 is the limiting reagent. Find out how much CO2 is made based on the L of O2 : LCO2 = 6 L O2 2 L CO2 3 L O2 = 4 L CO2 3. 14 torr 4. 7 torr 5. 28 torr Explanation: ntotal = 0.14 mol nH2 = 0.02 mol

We now nd out how much C2 H4 was used reacting with all the L of O2 : LC2 H4 = 6 L O2 1 L C2 H 4 3 L O2 = 2 L C2 H 4

Ptotal = 700 torr

XH2 =

0.02 mol nH 2 = 0.142857 = ntotal 0.14 mol

This means 6 L 2 L = 4 L C2 H4 are unused and still present. The nal mixture is 4 L unreacted C2 H4 + 4 L CO2 = 8 L of gas . We assume the volume of the water is insignificant. 015 10.0 points If the temperature of a xed amount of gas is decreased at constant pressure its volume will 1. Insucient data to answer this question. 2. decrease. correct 3. remain the same. 4. increase. Explanation: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Charles Law). This means that as the absolute temperature of a gas decreases, its volume decreases proportionately. 016 10.0 points A 22.4 L vessel contains 0.02 mol H2 gas, 0.02 mol N gas, and 0.1 mol NH3 gas. The total pressure is 700 torr. What is the partial pressure of the H2 gas? 1. 100 torr correct 2. None of these

PH2 = XH2 Ptotal = (0.142857) (700 torr) = 100 torr 017 For the reaction 10.0 points

2 NH3 + CH3 OH products , how much CH3 OH is needed to react with 93.5 g of NH3 ? 1. 2.75 mol correct 2. 88.1 mol 3. 1.31 mol 4. 5.50 mol 5. 46.8 mol 6. 11.3 mol 7. 3.32 mol Explanation: mNH3 = 93.5 g ? mol CH3 OH = 93.5 g NH3 1 mol NH3 17 g NH3 1 mol CH3OH 2 mol NH3 = 2.75 mol CH3 OH 10.0 points

018

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) A mixture of three gases, A, B, and C, is at a total pressure of 7.31 atm. The partial pressure of gas A is 2 atm; that of gas B is 3.78 atm. What is the partial pressure of gas C? 1. 0.74 2. 1.62 3. 0.72 4. 2.0 5. 2.27 6. 0.95 7. 1.87 8. 1.71 9. 1.53 10. 1.78 Correct answer: 1.53 atm. Explanation: PT = 7.31 atm PA = 2 atm PB = 3.78 atm PC = ? VB = 86 L Vtotal = VA + VB = 107 L

7 PB = 803 torr

PB VB = Pt Vt PB VB Pt = Vt (803 torr) (86 L) = = 645 torr 107 L 020 10.0 points Real gases behave most nearly like ideal gases at 1. high temperatures and low pressures. correct 2. low temperatures and low pressures. 3. low temperatures and high pressures. 4. high pressures and low molar masses. 5. high temperatures and high pressures. Explanation: At high temperatures the gas molecules are moving more rapidly and the eects of the attractive forces are less signicant. At low pressures the molecules are on average much further apart and the eects of the attractive forces are less signicant because there are fewer close encounters. 021 0.0 points This question starts out at zero points but could very well increase after the grading. Now, if more points are awarded (the curve) on this assignment, would you like them added to your score? 1. NO, leave my score alone, I prefer the lower score 2. YES, I would like the points and the higher score. correct Explanation: This should be a no-brainer. Most students want higher scores. If you picked yes, you got credit for the question and you got the extra points you asked for (if they were granted

PT = PA + PB + PC PC = PT (PA + PB ) = 7.31 atm (2 atm + 3.78 atm) = 1.53 atm

019 10.0 points Two gases are contained in gas bulbs connected by a valve. Gas A is present in a 21 L bulb at a pressure of 388 torr. Gas B exerts a pressure of 803 torr in a 86 L bulb. What is the partial pressure of gas B after they equilibrate once the valve has been opened? 1. 558.0 2. 545.0 3. 476.0 4. 715.0 5. 623.0 6. 773.0 7. 645.0 8. 463.0 9. 731.0 10. 523.0 Correct answer: 645 torr. Explanation: VA = 21 L PA = 388 torr

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) by your instructor). If you answered NO, you also got what you wanted... no points awarded. 022 10.0 points A steel tank containing helium is cooled to 15 C. If you could look into the tank and see the gas molecules, what would you observe? 1. The gas molecules would have higher kinetic energies and lower velocities, thus creating no net change. 2. The gas molecules would become uniformly distributed near the entire wall of the tank because the molecules would try to escape the container due to their kinetic energies. 3. The molecules would move to the center of the tank because their velocities would be lower, thus giving them less pressure. 4. The gas molecules would still be uniformly distributed around the tank because gases expand to ll up the whole volume due to their constant molecular motion. correct 5. The molecules would sink to the bottom of the tank because of the loss of pressure. Explanation: The average kinetic molecular energy would decrease, but since it is still in gas phase, the molecules would still expand uniformly to ll the tank. 023 10.0 points If the average speed of a carbon dioxide molecule is 410 m s1 at 25 C, what is the average speed of a molecule of methane at the same temperature? 1. 1130 m s1 2. 410 m s1 3. 1000 m s1 4. 679 m s
1

Explanation: From kinetic molecular theory, the temperature is directly proportional to mean KE. 1 KEmean = (MW)(average molecular speed)2 2 and knowing T is constant, vCO2 = vCH4 MWCH4 MWCO2 MWCO2 MWCH4 44.0098 g/mol 16.0426 g/mol

5. 247 m s1

vCO2 = vCH4

= (410 m/s) = 679.08 m/s

024 10.0 points Use van der Waals equation to calculate the pressure exerted by 2.6 mol of ammonia at 4 C in a 4.71 L container. The van der Waals constants for ammonia are a = 4.00 L2atm/mol2 and b = 0.0400 L/mol. (The values for a and b have been rounded o to simplify the arithmetic.) 1. 8.43637 atm 2. 5.62425 atm 3. 14.998 atm 4. 22.497 atm 5. 11.2485 atm correct Explanation: n = 2.6 mol V = 4.71 L b = 0.04 L/mol P+ n2 a V2 T = 4 C = 269 K a = 4.0 L2 atm/mol2 (V n b) = n R T

correct

P =

nRT n2 a 2 V nb V

Version 078 Exam 1 mccord (51315) L atm (269 K) mol K = 4.71 L (2.6 mol)(0.04 L/mol) (2.6 mol)2 (4.0 L2 atm/mol2) (4.71 L)2 = 11.2485 atm (2.6 mol) 0.08206 = 0.09896 mol CH3 CH2 OH

6.022 1023 molec CH3 CH2 OH 1 mol CH3 CH2 OH 2 atoms C 1 molec CH3 CH2 OH = 1.192 1023 atoms C 026 10.0 points In the chemical reaction

025 10.0 points Calculate the number of carbon atoms in 4.56 grams of ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH). 1. 1.19 1023 atoms correct 2. 1.79 1023 atoms 3. 2.53 1026 atoms 4. 5.97 1022 atoms 5. 5.49 1024 atoms Explanation: mCH3 CH2 OH = 4.56 g Each CH3 CH2 OH molecule contains two carbon atoms. There are Avogadros number of ethanol molecules in one mole of ethanol. We need the molecular mass of ethanol so we can convert grams of ethanol to moles ethanol: Molecular mass of CH3 CH2 OH = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) +1(16.00 g/mol) = 46.08 g/mol We can use this molecular mass to convert g ethanol to mol ethanol:

2 H2 O + energy 2 H2 + O2 1. equal amounts of H2 and O2 will be produced. 2. twice as much O2 as H2 will be produced. 3. there is no way to know how much of each will be produced. 4. twice as much H2 as O2 will be produced. correct Explanation:

? mol ethanol = 4.56 g CH3 CH2 OH 1 mol CH3 CH2 OH 46.08 g CH3 CH2 OH = 0.09896 mol CH3 CH2 OH We can now use Avogadros number and the ratio of C atoms to CH3 CH2 OH molecules to nd the number of carbon atoms: ? atoms C