Recovering vital physiological signals from ambulatory devices

Praveen Pankajakshan and Rangavittal Narayanan

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, India 13 February 2013

1
Tuesday, February 26, 13

2
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Context

Methodology

Tools

2
Tuesday, February 26, 13

3
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Motivation and challenges

Ambulatory monitoring: Record
vital signal continuously minimally invasive

Mostly non-invasive or Patients asymptotic at hospital

and monitor disease progression
Image Courtesy: Cambridge Consultants

Challenges: SNR is low [1] Available storage, processing

power and battery is low
4
[1] Tuesday, February 26, 13 G. Garner et al., EP2327360A1, Nov. 2010.

Bayesian framework
Data from sensor: y[n], n=0, 1, 2, N-1 N0. From Bayesian theorem [2], estimate x[n] of the signal y[n] can be
realized from

p(y|x) is the likelihood p(x) is the knowledge on x[n].

Likelihood is given by the normal distribution

Assumption: Residual noise is asymptotically Gaussian, variance 2. ||||

2 2

is the l2 norm.
5

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient

norm of the gradient

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

1 l

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

norm of the gradient Many coefcients are small!

1 l

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient
The estimated signal x[n]
must respect:

Bounded signal and

gradient: x[n]>- and x[n]< skewed, long tail with small values.

Distribution: Positive

These are satised by: : trade-off parameter,

E(x) is:
[2] J. Idier, 2008.

norm of the gradient Many coefcients are small!

1 l

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Sparsity of gradient
The estimated signal x[n]
must respect:

Bounded signal and

gradient: x[n]>- and x[n]< skewed, long tail with small values.

Distribution: Positive

These are satised by: : trade-off parameter,

E(x) is:
[2] J. Idier, 2008.

norm of the gradient Many coefcients are small!

1 l

Tuesday, February 26, 13

A holistic solution
x[n] can be realized from y[n] by

Equivalent convex primal problem:

(1)

R is a NxN Toeplitz matrix, p lies between [1, 2].

x[n] can be estimated directly or piece-wise from y[n] by minimizing (1) using convex optimization ([2])

[2] J. Idier, 2008.

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Solution conceptualization

In-Phone processing

Server-level processing

l2-l2 minimization
8
Tuesday, February 26, 13

l2-TV minimization

Majorization-minimization
Find a surrogate function
J(x, xk) to E(x) such that

J(x, xk) must be convex J(x, xk)E(x) At xk, E(xk)=J(xk, xk) We choose J(x, xk) [3] as: The iterative solution is [3]:
9
Tuesday, February 26, 13 [3] M. Figueiredo et al. 2006

Case: Content selection

ECG signal from ML-II lead [4,5]). 48 hour ambulatory ECG with fs=360Hz, 200mV 11 bit resolution over 10mV amplitude range.
[4] G. B. Moody and R. G. Mark, 2001. [5] A. L. Goldberger, et al. 2000. Tuesday, February 26, 13

10

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Progress and convergence

11
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Baseline correction

Acquired Data

Estimated Baseline

Corrected signal

12
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Baseline correction

Acquired Data

Estimated Baseline

Corrected signal

12
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Baseline correction

Acquired Data

Estimated Baseline

Corrected signal 40 minutes of data processed in 0.7 seconds with 3.2GHz and 4GB memory!
12
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Peak detection on recovered signal

A 3 second recording of a z-normalized ECG and peak detection [6] on the restored signals
[6] J. Pan and W. J. Tompkins, March 1985.

13

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Summary Highlight

14
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Summary
Scope: Restore vital physiological Processing: For handheld-devices by minimizing a
l2-l2 cost function. signals from ambulatory conditions.

For accuracy at servers by minimizing

a l2-TV cost function.

Performance: Outperforms classical

approaches.
15
Tuesday, February 26, 13

Thats all folks!

16
Tuesday, February 26, 13

17
Tuesday, February 26, 13