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Chapter 1: - E-Banking

1.1 Introduction of E-Banking 1.2 Meaning of E-Banking 1.3 Functions of E-Banking 1.4 Types of E-Banking 1.5 Advantages of E-Banking 1.6 Limitations of E-Banking

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1.1

Introduction of E-Banking: -

The acceleration in technology has produced an extraordinary effect upon our economy in general has had a particularly profound impact in expanding the scope and utility of financial products over the last ten years. Information technology has made possible the creation, valuation, and exchange of complex financial products on a global basis and even that just in recent years. Derivatives are obviously the most evident of the many products that technology has inspired, but the substantial increase in our calculation has permitted a variety of other products and, most beneficially, new ways to unbundled risk. What is really quite extraordinary is that there is no sign that this process of acceleration in financial technology is approaching an end. We are moving at an exceptionally rapid pace, fueled not only by the enhanced mathematical applications produced by our ever rising computing capabilities but also by our expanding telecommunications capabilities and the associated substantial broadening of our markets. All the new financial products that have been created in recent years contribute economic value by unbundling risks and reallocating them in a highly calibrated manner. The rising share of finance in the business output of India and other countries is a measure of the economic value added by the ability of these new instruments and techniques to enhance the process of wealth creation. The reason of course, is that information is critical to the evaluation of risk. The less that is known about the current state of a market or a venture, the less the ability to project future outcomes and, hence, the more those potential outcomes will be discontinued.

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1.2 Meaning of E-Banking: E-bank is the electronic bank that provides the financial service for the individual client by means of Internet. 1.3 Functions of E-Banking: At present, the personal e-bank system provides the following services: 1. Inquiry about the information of account: -

The client inquires about the details of his own account information such as the cards / accounts balance and the detailed historical records of the account and downloads the report list.
2. Card accounts transfer: -

The client can achieve the fund to another persons Credit Card in the same city.
3. Bank-securities accounts transfer: -

The client can achieve the fund transfer between his own bank savings accounts of his own Credit Card account and his own capital account in the securities company. Moreover, the client can inquire about the present balance at real time.
4. The transaction of foreign exchange: -

The client can trade the foreign exchange, cancel orders and inquire about the information of the transaction of foreign exchange according to the exchange rate given by our bank on net
5. The B2C disbursement on net: -

The client can do the real-time transfer and get the feedback information about payment from our bank when the client does shopping in the appointed web-site.
6. Client service: -

The client can modify the login password, information of the Credit Card and the client information in e-bank on net.

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E-B@NKING 7. Account management: -

The client can modify his own limits of right and state of the registered account in the personal e-bank, such as modifying his own login password, freezing or deleting some cards and so on.
8. Reporting the loss if the account: -

The client can report the loss in the local area (not nationwide) when the clients Credit Card or passbook is missing or stolen. 1.4 Types of E-Banking: 1. Deposits, withdrawals, inter-account transfer and payment of linked accounts at an ATM; 2. Buying and paying for goods and services using debit cards or smart cards without having to carry cash or a cheques book; 3. Using a telephone to perform direct banking- make a balance enquiry, inter-account transfers and pay linked accounts; 4. Using a computer to perform direct banking- make a balance enquiry, inter-account transfers and pay linked 1.5 Advantages of E-Banking: 1. Account Information: Real time balance information and summary of days transaction. 2. Fund Transfer: Manage your Supply-Chain network, effectively by using our online hand transfer mechanism. We can effect fund transfer on a real time basis across the bank locations. 3. Request: Make a banking request online. 4. Account information: The complete database that the banks has about our company is available to us at our terminal. It provides us: Current balance in our account on real-time basis.

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Days transactions in the account. Details of cash credit limit, drawing power, amount utilized, etc. 5. Downloading of account statements as an excel file or text file. The statements can be integrated with your ERP systems for autoreconciliation. 6. Fund Transfers: Manage our Supply-Chain network, effectively by using our online fund transfer mechanism. We can effect fund transfer on a real time basis across the bank locations. The product facilities. (a) One-to-one fund transfer between two linked account. (b) Bulk fund transfers; In bulk fund transfers, we upload a flat file containing payment / collection information. Our systems take care of processing the entire file and once the file is processed file to our ERP for auto reconciliation. 7. The real life situation of user-wise limits and multilevel signatories can be mapped in the net-based fund transfer module too. We can specify user-wise cap for fund transfer and the number of approvals needed for each fund transfer. The fund transfer will not take place unless the required number of signatories has approved it. 8. With a power of Attorney from our dealers, we can link the dealers accounts to our account in order to have an online fund transfer, saving us time and money involved with cheques collections systems. Alternatively, the dealer can credit our account through this channel. Similarly, we could also effect vendor and other payments online. 9. Customers can Integrate the System with his own ERP: The customer can download the account statements either as a text file or as an excel file. The bank can help him in integrating the account statements and bulk payments files with his ERP system. The bank may charge a nominal fee depending upon the nature of work involved.

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10.Bill Payment through Electronic Banking: Internet has thus ushered the concept of anytime and anywhere banking. To the individual the onerous task of visiting several places to settle his service bills like telephone, water, electricity, etc., can be overcome through the electronic Bill Pay service provided by the bank. He can pay his regular monthly bills (telephone, electricity, mobile phone, insurance, etc.) right from his desktop. No more missed deadlines, no more loss of interest. He can schedule his bills in advance, and thus avoid missing the bill deadlines as well as earn extra interest on his money.
11. The Electronic Shopping Mall: The customer can also make his shopping

payment through the Banks secure website-so that he can shop online without any security worries, as the bank can provide online real time shopping mail services through partner shopping sites 12.Effecting Personal Investments through Electronic Banking: The banks website can also allow the customer to invest in shares, mutual funds and other financial products. 13.Investing in Mutual funds: Electronic banking also brings the customer the same convenience while investing in Mutual funds- Hassle free and Paperless Investing. He can invest in mutual funds without the hassles of filling application forms or any other paperwork. He needs to provide no signatures or proof of identify for investing. Once he places a request for investing in a particular fund, there are no manual processes involved. His bank funds are automatically debited or credited while simultaneously crediting or debiting his unit holdings. 14.Initial Public Offers Online: The customer could also invest in initial public offers online without going through the hassles of filling ANY application form / paperwork. Get in-depth analyses of new initial public offers issues, which are about to hit the market and analysis on these. Initial public offer calendar, recent initial public offers listings,
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prospectus / offer documents, and initial public offer analysis are few of the features, which help a customer to keep on top of the initial public offers markets.
15. Other benefits: The e-banking provides some other benefits also.some of

them are: Convenience, speed of concluding transactions, safety-banking from own home, cheaper service fees, highly scaleable, easy customization, lower cost of both installation and maintenance,platform independence. 1.6 Limitation of E-Banking: 1. Safety situations around ATMs. 2. Abuse of bank cards by fraudsters at ATMs. 3. Danger of giving your card number when buying on-line. The modern technology has influenced the financial sector to a large extent. It increases the competitive efficiency of the firms and provides sophistication to the end users. It makes everyone fittest to survive.

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Chapter 2: - Internet Banking

2.1 Internet Banking a) Introduction b) The Indian Scenario c) Product & Service offered 2.2 Risk & Rewards a) Operational Risk b) Security Risk c) System architecture & design d) Reputational Risk e) Legal Risk f) Money Laundering Risk g) Cross Border Risks h) Strategic Risk i) Other Risk j) Risk of unfair competion

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2.1 Internet Banking:a) Introduction: The delivery channels include direct dialup connections, private networks, public networks, etc. with the popularity of computers, easy access to Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), Internet is increasingly used by banks as a channel for receiving instructions and delivering their products and services to their customers. This form of banking is generally referred to as Internet Banking, although the range of products and services offered by different banks vary widely both in their content and sophistication. b) The Indian Scenario: The entry of India banks into Net Banking Internet banking, both as a medium of delivery of banking services and as a strategic tool for business development.

At present, the total internet users in the country are estimated at 9 lakh. However, this is expected to grow exponentially to 90 lakh by 2003. only about 1 percent of Internet users did banking online in 1998. This is increased to 16.7 percent in March 2000 (India Research, May 29, 2000, Kotak Securities).

Cost of banking service through the Internet from a fraction of costs through conventional methods. Rough estimates assume teller cost at Re.1 per transaction, ATM transaction cost at 45 paise, phone banking at 35 paise, debit cards at 20 paise and Internet banking at 10 paise per transaction. d) Product and Services Offered:

Banks in India are at different stages of the web-enabled banking cycle. Initially, a bank, which is not having a web site, allows its customer to communicate with it through an e-mail address communication is limited mail account.
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With gradual adoption of Information Technology, the bank puts up a web site that provides general information on deposits products, application forms for downloading and e-mail option for enquiries and feedback. Vijaya Bank provides information on its website about its NRI and other services. Customers are required to fill in applications on the Net and can later receive loans or other products requested for at their local branch. A few banks provide the customer to enquire into his demat account (security/shares) holding details, transaction details and status of instructions given by him. These web sites still do not allow online transactions for their customers. Some of the banks permit customers to interact with them and transact electronically with them. Such services include request for opening of accounts, requisition for cheque books, stop payment of cheques, viewing and printing statements of accounts, movement of funds between accounts within the same bank, querying on status or requests, instructions for opening of Letter of Credit and Bank Guarantees, etc. These services are being initiated by banks like ICICI Bank Ltd., Citibank, Global Trust Bank Ltd., UTI Bank Ltd., Bank of Citibank Bank of Madura Ltd., Federal Bank Ltd., etc. Some of the more aggressive players in this area such as ICICI Bank Ltd., HDFC Bank Ltd., UTI Bank Ltd., Citibank, Global Trust Bank Ltd., and Bank of Punjab Ltd., offer the facility of receipt, review and payment of bills online. The Infinity service of ICICI Bank Ltd. Also allows online real time shopping all payments to be made by customers. HDFC Bank Ltd. Has made e-shopping online and real time with the launch of its payment gateway.

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Banks providing internet banking services have been entering into agreements with their customers setting out the terms and conditions of the services. The terms and conditions include information on the access through userID and secret password, minimum balance and charges, authority to the bank for carrying out transactions performed through the service, liability of the user and the bank, disclosure of personal information for statistical analysis and credit scoring also, non-transferability of the facility, notices and termination, etc. 2.2 Risk & Rewards: a) Operational Risk: Operational risk, also referred to as transactional risk is the most common form of risk associated with i-banking. It takes the from of inaccurate processing of transactions, nonenforceability of contracts, compromises in data integrity, data privacy and confidentiality, unauthorized access / intrusion to banks systems and transaction, etc. Such risks can arise out of weaknesses in design, implementation and monitoring of banks information system. Besides inadequacies in technology, human factors like negligence by customers and employees, fraudulent activity of employees and crackers/ hackers, etc. can become potential source of operational risk. b) Security Risk: -

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Security risk arises on account of unauthorized access to a banks critical information stores like accounting system, risk management system, portfolio management system, etc.
Other related risks are loss of reputation, infringing customers privacy

and its legal implications, etc. Attackers could be hackers, unscrupulous vendors, disgruntled employee or even pure thrill seekers. In addition to external attacks banks are exposed to security risk from internal sources e.g. employee fraud. Employee being familiar with different systems and their weaknesses become potential security threats in a loosely controlled environment. They can manage to acquire the authentication data in order to access the customer accounts causing losses to the bank. Unless specifically protected, all data/ information transfer over the internet can be monitored or read by unauthorized persons. c) System architecture and design: Banks face the risk of wrong choice of technology, improper system design and inadequate control processes. Numerous protocols are used for communication across internet. Each protocol is designed for specific types of data transfer. A system allowing communications with all protocols, say HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), telnet, etc. is more prone to attack than one designed to permit say, only HTTP. Many banks rely on outside service providers to implement, operate and maintain their e-banking system Security related operational risk include access control, use of firewalls, cryptographic techniques, public key encryption, digital signature, etc.

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d) Reputational Risk:
Reputational risk is the risks of getting significant negative public

opinion, which may result in a critical loss of funding or customers. Such risks arise from actions which cause major loss of the public confidence in the banks ability to perform critical functions or impair bank-customer relationship. It may be due to banks own action or due to third partys action. The main reasons for this risk may be system or product not working to the expectations of the customers, significant security breach (both due to internal and external attack), inadequate information to customers about product use and problem resolution procedures, significant problems with communication networks that impair customers access to their funds or account information especially if, there are, no alternative means of account access. e) Legal Risk: Legal risk arises from violation of, or non-conformance with laws, rules, regulations, or prescribed practices, or when the legal rights and obligations of parties to a transaction are not well established. A customer, inadequately informed about his rights and obligations, may not take proper precautions in using Internet banking products or services, leading to disputed transactions, unwanted suits against the bank or other regulatory sanctions. f) Money Laundering Risk: o As internet banking transactions are conducted remotely banks may find it difficult to apply traditional method for detecting and preventing undesirable criminal activities. Application of money laundering rules may also be inappropriate for some forms of electronic payments.

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o To avoid this, banks need to design proper customer identification and screening techniques, develop audit trails, conduct periodic compliance reviews, frame policies in internet transactions. g) Cross-Border Risks: Internet banking is based on technology that, by its very nature, is designed to extend the geographic reach of banks and customers. Such market expansion can extend beyond national borders. This causes various risks. Such considerations may expose banks to legal risks associated with noncompliance of different national laws and regulations, including consumer protection laws, record keeping and reporting requirements, privacy rules and money laundering laws. The foreign-based service provider or foreign participants in internet banking are sources of country risk to the extent that foreign parties become unable to fulfil their obligations due to economic, social or political factors. h) Strategic Risk: For reducing such risk, banks need to conduct proper survey, consult experts from various fields, establish achievable goals and monitor performance. Also they need to analyze the availability and cost of additional resources, provision of adequate supporting staff, proper training of staff and adequate insurance coverage. i) Other Risk: Traditional banking risks such as credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate

risk and market risk are also present in internet banking.

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These risks get intensified due to the very nature of internet banking on account of use of electronic channels as well as absence of geographical limits. Credit risk: Is the risk that a counterparty will not settle an obligation for full value, either when due or at any time thereafter. Banks may not be able to properly evaluate the creditworthiness of the customer while extending credit through remote banking procedures, which could enhance the credit risk. Another facility of internet banking is electronic money. It brings various types of risks associated with it. If a bank purchases e-money from an issuer in order to resell it to a customer, it exposes itself to credit risk in the event of the issuer defaulting on its obligation to redeem electronic money.
Liquidity risk: It is important for a bank engaged in electronic money

transfer activities that it ensures that funds are adequate to cover redemption and settlement demands at any particular time. Failure to do so, besides exposing the bank to liquidity risk, may even give rise to legal action and reputational risk. j) Risk of unfair competion: Internet banking is going to intensify the competition among various banks. The open nature of internet may induce a few banks to use unfair practices to take advantage over rivals. Any leaks at network connection or operating system, etc. may allow them to interfere in a rival banks system. Thus, one can find that along with the benefits internet banking carries various risks for bank itself as well as banking system as a whole.

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Chapter 4: - What do Computers do in Banks

The different uses of Information Technology: a) Single Window System b) Any Time Banking c) Automated Teller machine d) Shared Payment Network System e) Customer Service f) Telebanking g) Home Banking h) Electronic Fund Transfer i) Plastic Cards as Media for Payment 1. Credit Card 2. Debit Card 3. Smart Card
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4. ATM Card

4.1 The different uses of Information Technology: a) Single Window System (SWS): o The cashier or teller who accepts the cash, keys in the data from his terminal after receipt of the amount. o The amount is straight away posted to the system. o If the customer wishes to update passbook the same is also updated through the security form printer/pass book printer. o If a customer wishes to obtain a draft, the clerk keys in the details of the account to be debited and the particulars of the drafts to be issued on the machine. o The customers account is debited and security form printer prints out draft and clerk can hand over the same to customer duly signed. b) Any Time Banking: This refers to banking service available 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. Such facility is made available to the customer through the Automated Teller machine.

Banking, being a service industry, is primarily driven by customers needs.

Each customer is willing to pay a price for the services provided it is made available to him when he wants and where he wants.

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In the present day of server competion, banking services are driven by technology, which is more oriented towards providing better services to the customer.

The concept of banking hours has been changed from the fixed 4 hours to 24 hours. This has been made possible through use of ATMs. Even under the manual service, the banks have stated to extend the service from the traditional 4 hours to 5 hours and even up to 12 hours say from 8 AM to 8 PM. Some banks have introduced the practice of Sunday Banking or Holiday Banking. c) Automated Teller Machine (ATM): ATM is a machine in the nature of a computer in general sense, but is dedicated to do certain types of specific jobs only. The hardware and the proprietary i.e. the software used in one machine can not be used in one machine. d) Shared Payment Network System (SPNS): The SPNS, named SWADHAN, has been sponsored by the Indian Banks Association (IBA).
It is a network of ATMs, points of sale terminals and Cash Dispensers

with a view to pool the resources of the banks and underlines the spirit of competition through cooperation.
It became operational in Mumbai on 1st February 1997 and in two years

about 150 ATMs were owned and installed by 38 banks including foreign banks, public and private sector Indian commercial banks as also cooperative banks. The biggest advantage of the network is that the ATM cards issued by different banks can used at any member banks ATM.

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Banks can have as many ATM as they want and follow some standards set by the SPNS committee. The heart of the network is the Switch and its main components are: Tandem Mainframe Computer, BASE 24 Software, Motorola networking equipments and the leased lines. e) Customer Services: The following customer services are offered through the system i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Cash withdrawal (up to a specified limit) Cheque/Cash deposit (the receipt being only for the deposit of the envelope containing cash but not for the amount therein) Enquiry about balances Printing of statement of accounts Request for cheque book and standing instructions. Transfer of funds PIN change

f) Telebanking: From the conventional banking, where the services were provided manually across the table, it has come to a stage where the customer is not required to visit the bank enquiry of balance in the account, sending a remittance, to get a statement of account, etc. The concept has become so popular that in USA customers do not visit the bank for 97% of their transactions and these are done from either customers residence or office using a telephone or a home PC. In telebanking the customer is required to open the account with the bank initially by visiting the bank.
Telebanking services are, generally, provided by the bank over the

telephone on a special number.

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E-B@NKING The number at the bank is connected to a terminal in the bank, which is

either handled manually or is automated by connecting the same to the computer network. Where the system is automated, two types of technology are used. g) Home Banking: Under home banking the customer is served at his residence and there is no need for the customer to visit the banks premises for a number of routine transactions. If the customer needs some information the same can be got by contacting the bank over the phone as described in the telebanking. If the customer wants to put through transaction and wishes to see his account or to get a statement of his account, he may have to use a PC. The home banking service can be broadly classified under two groups, one without using the information technology and another using information technology. him. h) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT): o In India the fund transfers are basically done through Mail Transfer, Draft or Telegraphic Transfer. o In case of Telegraphic Transfer (TT) again the Department of Telecommunication was the sole provider of Telephone, Telex and Telegram facilities. o With the process of liberalization private operators have started providing alternative voice communication channels through mobile phones and vast communication as an alternative channels for data communication. When customer contacts the bank o the phone no specific technology is involved and the service of telebanking are provided to

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o It was normal for any TT to be credited to the beneficiarys account after delay of 2 to 4 days
o The different forms of EFT prevalent in the use are:

EFT through Electronic Data Interchange BANKNET RBINET IDRBT VSAT Network EFT from Point of Sales Electronic Cash SWIFT- Global System for Funds Transfer
Electronic Clearing Settlement

i) Plastic Cards as Media for Payment: There are four types of plastic cards being used ad media for making payments. These are: 1. Credit Card 2. Debit Card 3. Smart Card 4. ATM Card 1. Credit Cards: The credit card enables the cardholders to: Purchase any item like clothes, jewellery, railway/air tickets, etc. Pay bills for dining in a restaurant or boarding and lodging in a hotel Avail of any service like car rental, etc 2. Debit Card: A debit card is issued on payment of a specified amount by the issuing company like a telephone company to a customer on cash payment or on debiting his account by a bank.

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Thus it is like an electronic purse, which can be read and debited by the required amount. It may be noted that while through a credit card, the customer first makes a purchase or avails service and pays later on, but for getting the debit card, a customer has to first pay the due amount and then make a purchase or avail the service. For this reason, debit card are not as popular as credit cards. 3. Smart Cards: Smart Cards have a built-in microcomputer chip, which can be used for storing and processing information. For example, a person can have a smart card from a bank with the specified amount stored electronically on it. As he goes on making transactions with the help of the card, the balance keeps on reducing electronically. When the specified amount is utilized by the customer, he can approach the bank to get his card validated for a further specified amount. Such cards are used for paying small amounts like telephone calls, petrol bills, etc. In India, a smart card, suiting Indian banking environment, is being developed and tested at IIT, Mumbai, in collaboration with the RBI and SBI. The card is being used as an experimental tool for promoting cashless society in and around the IIT Campus. The latest smart card being developed will combine all the features of electronic purses, credit cards and ATM cards. 4. ATM Cards: The card contains a PIN (Personal Identification Number) which is selected by the customer or conveyed to the customer and enables him to withdraw cash up to the transaction limit for the day. He can also deposit cash or cheque.

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Chapter 5: Credit Card Frauds

5.1 Credit Card Frauds Meaning Defrauder Aware of Credit Card Advantages of Credit Card Credit Card Frauds

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E-B@NKING 5.2 The Prevention of Frauds Duplicate Card White plastics Bankers Role Cyber Laws Altering Sale terminals Internet Relays Monitoring Deposit Risk Management Central Credit Card Clearing House Loss of Credit Cards in Transit Fraud Consciousness Physical Evidence Check the handwriting

5.1 Credit Card Frauds: Meaning: A credit card is a money transaction device without using cash or fiduciary documents. Defrauder: The defrauder has been slow to exploit the credit card, for making a fast buck. In USA, he made 15 million dollars. through the cards, in 1981. in 1982 his earning through the card, rose to 50 million dollars. in 1983, the fraudulent card brought over 100 million dollars to its creators. The fraudulent card industry is rising higher and higher to dizzy height every year. Like other countries if the genuine credit card has come in India, the fraudulent credit card cannot be far behind. Aware of Credit Card: The credit card, as already seen, is a money transaction device. The institutions issuing the credit card give the card holders authority to obtain money, goods,
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services or any other thing of value, on credit. They guarantee payment of debit so raised. These institutions are banks and other financial institutions, clubs and travel agencies and departmental stores, etc. Credit Cards, Bob Cards, Master Cards, Visa Cards, express Cards, Euro Cards have wide circulation. Some of them have wide circulation. Some of them have world-wide circulation.. Credit Card Frauds: Credit card frauds manifest themselves in a number of ways: 1. Genuine cards are manipulated. 2. Genuine cards are altered. 3. Counterfeit cards are created. 4. Fraudulent telemarketing is done with credit cards.
5. Genuine

cards are obtained on fraudulent applications in the

names/addresses of other persons and used. It is feared that with the expansion of E-Commerce, M-Commerce, and Internet facilities being available on massive scale, the fraudulent fund freaking via credit cards will increase tremendously. The shape it takes will be limited only by the ingenuity of the future. 5.2 The Prevention of Frauds Duplicate Card: The duplicate fraudulent credit cards are those where the defrauders have made sincere efforts to duplicate the original cards through photo-mechanical processes. They follow the footsteps of the original manufactures of the genuine credit cards to produce as close a replica of the genuine card as possible, employing similar materials and similar processes of printing and embossing, besides magnetic encodings. White Plastic: -

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The counterfeit credit cards known as white plastics are imitations of credit cards in general aspect. Bankers Role: The credit card industry is one of the fastest growing activities of the banking industry. The artist has to be there (where the money is). The banks have to suffer losses. Cyber Laws: Information Technology Ministry be approached for stringent laws against credit card crimes. Altering Sales terminals: Internet E-Mail should be utilized on the pattern of Hot Box organized about a decade ago, suitably modified to benefit from the advances the information technology has made since them. Internet Relays: Computers should be pressed into service via internet connection by suitably upgrading the Television System Vertical blanking Intervals for notifying the fraudulent cards in the market. Monitoring Deposit: Monitoring system can help locate the unscrupulous merchants who use or allow the use of white plastics and fraudulent cards, knowing fully well their fraudulent nature for making a fast back. Risk Management: To meet the menace one of the top card companies has imitated risk management service to identify these high risk centers where daily all the inter-change transactions of the areas are scrutinized and the credit card number are checked against those which have been declared fraudulent, stolen or lost. Central credit Card Clearing House: -

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There should be a joint list of credit card holders on central basis with their addresses and other details, if any. New applicants to any bank for credit cards should be checked: If he is holding card from other issuers. If he has held a card at other times. If so, when? Why did he discontinue? If he has applied to more than one credit card issuers The new card holders business transactions should be watched for some time. Loss of Credit cards in Transit: -It must be prevented.It is simple for either the customer to collect personally or the banker should deliver it personally, or it should be sent by courier and confirmation obtained on telephone, in addition to the paper receipt. Fraud Consciousness: The problem of credit card frauds must be brought to the notice of users as well as of the servers at sale terminals. Proper training in the check up of the credit card in its various aspects has no substitute and in view of the huge issues the same is indispensable. Physical Evidence: Immediately on the discovery of fraud all the physical evidence available should at once be taken into possession and the case reported to the police for investigation. Check the Handwriting: Handwriting (in signatures) is available on sale drafts and on credit cards. The comparison of hand-writing inter se and with that of the suspect and of genuine card holders, can lead to the identity or non-identity of alleged writer.

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Chapter 6: - Banks Control in Online Banking

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6.1 Will Banks Control Online Banking: Internet Banking in India Real threats Online 6.2 Suggestions

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6.1 Will Banks Control Online Banking: Internet Banking in India: Online banking is expected to explode in the ext few years. We will be entering the age of non-physical exchange of cash aided by complete transparency leading to perfectly competitive electronic market place and inevitably to customer supremacy. Growth in online banking will be driven by the following reasons: Increasing access to low cost electronic services Emergence of open standards in the banking industry
Improved customer awareness

Entry of global majors in the market Integration of banking services with e-commerce and emergence of ecash Convenient international transactions as Internet eliminates geographic boundaries Shift from one-stop shopping to unbundled product purchases Real Threats: A majority of leading online brokers are beginning to offer banking products and services as part of their overall offers. They are actively seeking to capture excess balances in existing checking and saving accounts by offering better rates. There are other threats to banks as well. Several leading system providers have developed bank-in-a-box solution unbranded, electronic, fullservice, virtual-bank system that can be bought, branded, and offered to consumer by any authorized company that wishes to provide banking service.

6.2 Suggestions: -

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To prevent online banking from remaining an expensive additional channel that does little to retain footloose customers, banks must act quickly. The first and most obvious step they should take is to see to it that the basic problem fueling dissatisfaction have been addressed. After repairing this basic deficiency, banks must ensure that there services is competitive.

Obviously, it should include checking, savings and brokerage services,

which anchor customers to the institution.

In addition, to meet the challenge of online brokerage and other new

entrants, banks would need to add supermarkets selling products such as mortgage, mutual funds and insurance.

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Conclusion: Technology innovation and fierce competition among existing banks have enable a wide array of banking products and services, being made available to retail and wholesale customer through an electronic distribution channel, collectively referred to as e-banking. The integration of e-banking application with legacy system implies an integrated risk management approach for all banking activities of a banking institution. Banks have traditionally been in the forefront of harnessing technology to improve product and efficiency. Technology is altering the relationships between banks and its internal and external customers. Technology has also eroded the entry barriers faced by many industries. With one time investment, technology has brought about superior products and channel management with a special focus on customer relationship. The incremental costs incurred for expansion and diversification are also more beneficial. The major driving force behind the rapid spread of e-banking is its acceptance as an extremely cost effective delivery channel. But on the flipside, it is associated with risks such as reputation risk, security risk, crossborder risk and strategic risk, which are unique to e-banking. Banks need to have an effective disaster recovery plan along with comprehensive risk management tool is significant not only to the bank but also to the banking system as a whole. Coming home, India is on threshold of a major banking revolution with the invasion of net banking. With the concept of payment gateway coming in, banks are vying with one another for the lions share in the market.

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BIBLIOGRAHY: -

O Brien James. A, Management Information System, Galgotia Publication Muedic & Ross, Management Information System Lucae, Management Information System Sen, Management Information System Indian Banking, S. Natarahan and R. Parameswaran Banking In the New Millennium, ICFAI University

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