Giant Excel

Introduction to and Operating Instructions for 457.
xls
1. 457.xls is a spreadsheet intented as a companion to "Integrated Solid Waste Management" Tchobanoglous, Theisen and Vigil, McGraw-Hill 1993, ISBN 0-07-063237-5 2. The problem or example reference (tab at bottom of page) is also the spreadsheet title e.g. spreadsheet Pr3-4 refers to problem 3-4 on p.67 of the referenced text 3. The user is encouraged to make a copy of the original disk and use the copied disk as a working tool. 4. When working with a particular sheet, is recommended that the Edit>Move or Copy Sheet menu be exercised to create a copy of the sheet of interest. Check on "Create a copy". 5. The sheets have been "locked". Generally only the columns that are bolded can be edited or changed. The comment EDIT THIS COLUMN or EDIT THIS FIELD is often included. 6. The sheets may be unlocked with Tools>Protection>Unprotect Sheet; the sheets may be locked with Tools>Protection>Protect Sheet 7. Many styles of graphs have been included as a demonstration. 8. The sheets may be used in a variety of ways including Tools> Goal Seek which can adjust a chosen cell to meet a desired target.
Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52

Typical Physical Composition of Residental MSW in the USA, Table 3-7, p.52 All Units: Percent by Weight
Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. excluding Recycle; excluding Food 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 Solid Waste as collected plus food waste that is ground up,but excluding waste components now recycled excluding Recycle; including Food 9.4 33.8 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.4 2.0 Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled,but excluding food waste that is ground up including Recycle; excluding Food 8.0 35.8 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.3 1.8 Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled and plus food waste that is ground up including Recycle; including Food 8.4 35.6 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.2 1.8
Component
Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
7.9 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0
9.0 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0
Page 2
Typical Physical Composition of MSW

40.0
35.0
30.0
Percent by Weight
25.0
Food wastes
20.0
Paper Cardboard Plastics
15.0
Textiles Rubber Leather
10.0
Yard Wastes Wood Glass
5.0
Tin cans Aluminum Other metal
0.0 excluding Recycle; excluding Food excluding Recycle; including Food including Recycle; excluding Food including Recycle; including Food
Dirt, ash, etc.
Solid Waste As Collected
Page 3
Page 4
Impact of Food Waste Grinders and Waste Recycling on MSW, Example 3-1, p.53
Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. percent by weight Weight of solid waste Solid Waste components now components now recycled (11 lb based recycled ( not on a total of 100 lb reflected in as excluding ground up collected distribution) food waste), lb, see percent by weight row 25 note Solid Waste as collected excluding waste now recycled (89 lb based on a total of 100 lb excluding ground up food waste), lb, see row 26 note Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled,but excluding food waste that is ground up. percent by weight Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled and plus food waste that is ground up, percent by weight, see row 28 note
Component [1]
[2]
excluding Recycle; excluding Food
[3]
[4]=[3]x.11
[5]
[6]
excluding Recycle; including Food
[7]=[4]+[5]
including Recycle; excluding Food
[8]
including Recycle; including Food
Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 11 89 Col 6, Col 8 Col 2 80 20 25
9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
0.0 50.0 10.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0
0.00 5.50 1.10 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00
8.01 30.26 5.34 6.23 1.78 0.45 0.45 16.47 1.78
9.5 33.8 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.4 2.0
8.0 35.8 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.3 1.8
8.4 35.6 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.3 1.8
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0
18.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 0.0
1.98 0.44 0.11 0.33 0.00
7.12 5.34 0.45 2.67 2.67
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0
9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7
9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0
100.0 100.0 11.0 89.0 100.0 100.0 weight recycled, lbs, based on 100 lbs, based on percent recycled, between 11-16%, T6-7, p.147, EDIT THIS FIELD weight not including recycling, based on 100 lbs, 100-recycled weight Note: Col 7 and Col 8 are based on the formula FWa,lb=FW/[Hw/o +Hw(1-fwg)] FWa,adjusted food waste FW,as collected food waste Hw/o, fraction of homes without food waste grinders, typical decimal .80(=80%), Hw, fraction of homes with food waste grinders, typical decimal .20(=20%), EDIT THIS FIELD fwg, fraction of food waste that is ground up, typical decimal .25(=25%), EDIT THIS FIELD
As Generated Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-3, p.67

Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note, T3-7, p52
[2]
9.4 33.8 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.4 2.0
Component
[1]
Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 25 75
Solid Waste components now separated but not reflected under the collected component distribution, percent by weight, Note 1
[3]
0.0 44.0 6.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.0
Weight of Solid Waste components Weight of solid excluding the waste components separated items, now separated, 25 75 lbs based on lbs based on a total of 100 lbs, i.e. total of 100 lb, i.e. 75%, also 100-25. 25%, Note 2 Note 3.
[4]=[3]x.25
0.0 11.0 1.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0
As generated distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight
[6]=[4]+[5]
7.1 36.4 6.0 7.8 1.5 0.4 0.4 17.8 1.5
[5]=[2]x.75
7.1 25.4 4.5 5.3 1.5 0.4 0.4 13.8 1.5
7.9 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
12.0 6.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 100.0
3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 25.0
5.9 4.5 0.4 2.3 2.3 75.0
8.9 6.0 0.4 3.8 2.3 100.0
Note 1: Breakdown of the 25% that is being recycled e.g. of the 25% being recycled, 44% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C, total must be 100%, Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 25% to recycling, 75% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, Col to left Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-25%(recycled) = 75% not recycled
As Collected Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-4, p.67

[3] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
0.0 40.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 0.0
Component
[1]
Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up.
[2]
Weight of Solid Waste components now separated, 50 lbs Weight of solid based on total of waste components 100 lbs, i.e. 50%, now separated, also 100-75. Note 50% 3.
[4]=[3]x.50
0.0 20.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 0.0
As collected distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight
[6]=[4]+[5]
4.5 37.0 7.0 7.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 21.3 1.0
[5]=[2]x.50
4.5 17.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 9.3 1.0
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0

100.0
12.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
6.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
4.0 3.0 0.3 1.5 1.5 50.0
10.0 7.0 0.3 1.5 1.5 100.0
Note 1: Breakdown of the 50% that is being recycled e.g. of the 50% being recycled, 40% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C(3), total must be 100%, Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 50% to recycling, 50% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, no. to left Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-50%(recycled) = 50% not recycled
Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 21.2 %, moisture % by weight T3-7, Moisture Content, Weight of Water, p.52 %, T4-1, p.70 lbs. [2] [3] [2]x[3]/100 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 70 6 5 2 10 2 10 60 20 6.3 2.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 11.1 0.4 Dry Weight, lbs [2]x[100-[3]]/100 2.7 32.0 5.7 6.9 1.8 0.5 0.5 7.4 1.6
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
2 3 2 3 8
0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 21.2
7.8 5.8 0.5 2.9 2.8 78.8
Note: The number to the left is the overall moisture content, total col 4.
Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or moisture content
Page 8
Page 9
%Moisture (lower); %dry (upper)
100%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood
Moisture Content of Typical MSW
Page 10
Components Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Estimation of Chemical Composition of MSW, Ex4-2, p.81
Chemical Composition of MSW ex4-2, p.81 also Estimation of Energy Content, ex.4-4, p.86
Wet weight, lbs. Table 37, p.52 Ash, % C, % by H, % by O, % by N, % by S, % by by weight, weight, weight, weight, weight, weight, dry C, dry H, dry O, dry N, dry S, dry Ash, basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs
Component, Basis 100 lbs total weight [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Total
Moisture Content, Dry %, Table weight, 4-1, p.71 %
Dry weight, lbs
[2] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 79.5
[3] 70.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 10.0 60.0 20.0
[4]
100-[3]
[5]
[2]x[5]/100
[6] 48.0 43.5 44.0 60.0 55.0 78.0 60.0 47.8 49.5
[7]
[5]x[6]/100
[8[ 6.4 6.0 5.9 7.2 6.6 10.0 8.0 6.0 6.0
[9]
[5]x[8]/100
[10] 37.60 44.00 44.60 22.80 31.20 0.00 11.60 38.00 42.70
[11]
[5]x[10]/100
[12] 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 4.6 2.0 10.0 3.4 0.2
[13]
[5]x[12]/100
[14] 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0.15 0 0.4 0.3 0.1
[15]
[5]x[14]/100
[16] 5.0 6.0 5.0 10.0 2.5 10.0 10.0 4.5 1.5
[17]
[5]x[16]/100
30.0 94.0 95.0 98.0 90.0 98.0 90.0 40.0 80.0
2.7 32.0 5.7 6.9 1.8 0.5 0.5 7.4 1.6 59.0
1.30 13.90 2.51 4.12 0.99 0.38 0.27 3.54 0.79 27.79
0.17 1.92 0.34 0.49 0.12 0.05 0.04 0.44 0.10 3.66
1.02 14.06 2.54 1.56 0.56 0.00 0.05 2.81 0.68 23.29
0.07 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.25 0.00 0.58
0.01 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.11
0.14 1.92 0.29 0.69 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.33 0.02 3.52
59.0 20.5
vs.
59.0
Moisture Content
Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight. Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 20.5, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 79.5-59.0=20.5 Note:Total weight=wet weight+dry weight=100lbs, e.g. 79.5+20.5=100.0, OK
Note: EDIT the bolded columns wet weight and/or moisture content
Page No.14
Component, Without weight in lbs. H2O Carbon 27.79

Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Ash
3.66 23.29 0.58
With H2O, includes moisture as indicated below

27.79 5.95 41.55 0.58 0.11 3.52
0.11 3.52
Total 20.5 2.28 18.26
59.0
79.5
Note: The moisture e.g. 20.5, must be distrubed between H & O. Since water is H 20. e.g. the total molecular weight is 18, 2/18 is H; 16/18 is ).
Total moisture content Hydrogen proportion Oxygen proportion Note: The total without H2O must match the original wet weight e.g. 79.5. Molar Composition With H2O and Without H2O, Neglecting the Ash
Without Atomic H2O, With H2O, Component, Weight, moles weight in lbs. lbs/mole moles Carbon 12.01 2.314 2.314 Hydrogen 1.01 3.628 5.888 Oxygen 16 1.456 2.597 Nitrogen 14.01 0.041 0.041 Sulfur 32.07 0.004 0.004
Page No.15
Approximate Chemical Formula
Component, mole ratios Carbon

Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur
Nitrogen= Nitrogen= Sulfur=1, 1,Without 1, With Without Sulfur=1, H2 O H2 O H2 O With H2O 56.3 56.3 648.6 648.6 88.3 143.3 1016.9 1650.2 35.4 63.2 408.0 727.9 1.0 1.0 11.5 11.5 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0
Chemical Chemical fomula formula without sulfur with sulfur

Without H2O With H2O
C56.3H88.3O35.4N C56.3H143.3O63.2N
C648.6H1016.9O408N11.5S C648.6H1650.2O727.9N11.5S
Note: Formulas must be manually adjusted based on table to the left
Energy Value Using Dulong Formula Number of Weight atoms per contributio mole, n of each Atomic from element, %, Weight Component, Weight, chemical number of contributio atoms/mol n/Total weight in lbs. lbs/mole formula Carbon 12.01 648.6 7,790 36.58 Hydrogen 1.01 1650.2 1,667 7.83 Oxygen 16 727.9 11,646 54.69 Nitrogen 14.01 11.5 161 0.76 Sulfur 32.07 1.0 32 0.15 Total 21,296 100.00
Estimation of energy content of MSW based on chemical

BTU/lb=145C+610(H2+O2/8)+40S+10N C, H, O, S, N=+% by weight Including Sulfur and water
14,262 BTU/lb
Page No.16
Energy Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-3, p.85

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. lb, based on 100 Energy, BTU/lb, lbs. T3-7, p.52 T4-5, p.84 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 2,000 7,200 7,000 14,000 7,500 10,000 7,500 2,800 8,000
Component Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 5065.3 BTU/lb
Total Energy, BTU 18,000 244,800 42,000 98,000 15,000 5,000 3,750 51,800 16,000
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
60 300 0 300 3,000
480 1,800 0 900 9,000 506,530
Note: The number to the left is the as discarded density in BTU/lb. Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.
Note: EDIT the bolded column, solid waste
Page 17
Energy Content of Typical MSW
3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 2%
4%
10%
Food wastes
1% 1% 3%
Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics
48%
Inorganic Glass
19%
Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc.
8%
Page 18
Page 19
Specific Weight of Typical MSW, Problem 4-1, p.97

Weight, based on Specific Weight, 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52 lb/ft3, T4-1, o.70 [2] [3] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 490 150 85 110 110 220 270 170 400
Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 169 lbs/ft3
Volume, yd3 [2]/[3] 0.018 0.227 0.071 0.064 0.018 0.002 0.002 0.109 0.005
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
330 150 270 540 810
0.024 0.040 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.591
Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total col.3 e.g. 100/.59
Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or specific weight.
Page 20

Specific Weight of Typical MSW
900 810 800
700
600 Specific Weight, lb/ft3 540 500 490
400
400
330 300 220 200 150 110 100 85 110 170 150
270
270
Component
Page 21
Page 22
Ideal Gas in Contact With Water, Problem 5-8, p.121
Ideal Gas in Contact With Water, Problem 5-8, p.121 Example Gas Concentration in ppm: Use Benzene at T=20oC
Note: Edit the bolded numbers: gas, temperature, concentration and molecular weight Hc=H/RT eq.F-2, p. 938 H=Henry's Law Constant, m3.atm/g-mol from Table H-1, p.944, e.g. benzene 5.49E-03 R= Universal gas law constant, 8.2057 x 10-5 m3.atm/g.mol.K 8.21E-05 T= Temperature, oC 20 T= Temperature, K(273 + oC) 293 0.228 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form Cg given concentration in ppm (convert to units of ug/m 3) 200 Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase,ppm e.g. 200 ppm 78.11 Molecular Weight, Table H-1, p.944 e.g. benzene 22.40 Liters, Volume of gas at STP Adjusted Gas Volume based on temperature, e.g. 20oC, 22.4L air (STP) x (273+20)/273=24.04 24.04
Example for 200 ppm of benzene in air: Cg= (200ppm)(1.0L Benzene/106L air)(78.11g Benzene/ 24.04L Benzene)(106ug/g)(103L/m3)
6.50E+05 Cs=Cg/Hc eq. 9-1, p.937 200 6.50E+05 2.85E+06 2.85
Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase, ug/m 3
Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form, from previous calculation Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase, ug/m 3 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, ug/m3 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, mg/l
Page No.23
Ideal Gas in Contact With Water, Problem 5-8, p.121
Example:Gas Concentration in mg/m3 :Use Chlorobenzene at T=20oC

Note: Edit the bolded numbers: gas, temperature, concentration and molecular weight Hc=H/RT eq.F-2, p. 938 3 3.70E-03 H=Henry's Law Constant, m .atm/g-mol from Table H-1, p.944, e.g. benzene -5 3. 8.21E-05 R= Universal gas law constant, 8.2057 x 10 m atm/g.mol.K T= Temperature, oC 20 T= Temperature, K(273 + oC) 293 0.154 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form Cg given concentration in mg/m3 (convert to units of ug/m3) 700 Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase,ppm e.g. 200 ppm 112.56 Molecular Weight, Table H-1, p.944 e.g. benzene 22.40 Liters, Volume of gas at STP Adjusted Gas Volume based on temperature, e.g. 20oC, 22.4L air (STP) x (273+20)/273=24.04 24.04
Example for 700 mg/m3 of chlorobenzen in air: Cg= (700mg/m 3)(103ug/mg)
7.00E+05
Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase, ug/m 3
Cs=Cg/Hc eq. 9-1, p.937 700 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form, from previous calculation 3 7.00E+05 Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase, ug/m 3 4.55E+06 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, ug/m 4.55 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, mg/l
Page No.24
Comparison of Residential Waste Separation Programs, Ex.7-1, p.164

Solid Waste as Solid Waste as collected collected excluding waste Container excluding waste components Number, 1= components now recycled newspaper; 2= now recycled Recycled and excluding glass, plastic, and excluding Recycled Categories, food waste that aluminum; food waste that Categories, is ground up. T3- EDIT THIS 3=remaining Separated for is ground up. T3- EDIT THIS 7, p.52 waste Recycle 7, p.52 COLUMN COLUMN participation rate, EDIT THIS NUMBER % newspaper of total paper, EDIT THIS NUMBER percent of the available material that is separated for recycling, EDIT THIS NUMBER Container Number, 1= all paper and cardboard; 2= plastic, glass, tin cans, aluminum, other metals; 3=garden wastes; Separated for 4=remaining Recycle
Component 100 25 80 Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
Note: Recycled components appear in the "Recycled Categories" column; move components into(recycled) or out of (not recycled) this column .
9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
34.0 7.0 0.5
3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
0.0 6.8 0.0 5.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
34.0 6.0 7.0
18.5
4 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 4
0.0 27.2 4.8 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.8 0.0
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
8.0 0.5
2 3 2 2 3
6.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 19.6
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0
2 2 2 2 4
6.4 4.8 0.4 2.4 0.0 66.4
Effect of Home Separation of Energy Content, Ex.7-3, p.183

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. lb, based on 100 lbs. T37, p.52
Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 5065.3 4337.6 14.37
Energy, BTU/lb, T4-5, p.84 [3]
Percent separated by the homeowner, EDIT Total Energy, BTU THIS COLUMN [4]=[2]x[3] [5]
Revised solid waste, .b based on 100 less Revised Total separated material Energy, BTU
[6]=[3]x[100-[5]]/100
[2] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
[1] 18,000 97,920 4,200 98,000 15,000 5,000 3,750 51,800 16,000
2,000 7,200 7,000 14,000 7,500 10,000 7,500 2,800 8,000
18,000 244,800 42,000 98,000 15,000 5,000 3,750 51,800 16,000
60 90
9.0 13.6 0.6 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
60 300 0 300 3,000
480 1,800 0 900 9,000 506,530
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 74.2
480 1,800 0 900 9,000 321,850
Note: The number to the left is the energy value of the original waste in BTU/lb. Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total energy by the weight, e.g. 506,530 BTU/ 100 lbs. Note: The number to the left is the energy value of the revised waste in BTU/lb. Note: The number is obtained by dividing the revised total energy by the revised weight e.g. 321,850/74.2 lbs. Note: The number to the left is the percent difference between the orginal and revised wastes.
Effect of Home Compactors On Volume, Ex.7-4, p.185

Revised Weight, lbs, Excluding components typically NOT placed in a compactor, EDIT THIS COLUMN
Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
Weight, based on Specific Weight, 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52 lb/ft3, T4-1, p.70 [2] [3] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 490 150 167 110 110 220 270 170 400
Volume, yd3 [4]=[2]/[3] 0.0184 0.2267 0.0359 0.0636 0.0182 0.0023 0.0019 0.1088 0.0050
Revised Volume, yd3, excluding components usually NOT placed in home waste compactors
9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5
0.0184 0.2267 0.0359 0.0636 0.0182 0.0023 0.0019
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
330 150 270 540 810
0.0242 0.0400 0.0019 0.0056 0.0037 0.5561
8.0 6.0 0.5
0.0242 0.0400 0.0019
73.5
0.4330
179.8 169.7 lbs/yd3
Note: The density of Cardboard has been adjusted to 167 to reflect some compaction by hand Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total the volume. 100/.5561 Note: The number to the left is the revised specific weight, lb/yd3, e.g. 73.5/.4330
Volume Reduction Attendant to Combustion, Problem 9-16, p.321

Weight, based on 100 lbs., T3Specific Weight, 7, p.52, EDIT 3 3 THIS COLUMN lb/ft , T4-1, p.70 Volume, yd [2] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 [3] 490 150 85 110 110 220 270 170 400 [4]=[2]/[3] 0.0184 0.2267 0.0706 0.0636 0.0182 0.0023 0.0019 0.1088 0.0050
Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
Moisture, %, T41, p. 70 Dry Weight, lb [6]=[2]*(100[5] [5])/100 70 6 5 2 10 2 10 60 20 2.7 32.0 5.7 6.9 1.8 0.5 0.5 7.4 1.6
Ash, %, T4-4, p.81 [7] 5.0 6.0 5.0 10.0 2.5 10.0 10.0 4.5 1.5
Weight ash, lbs [8]= 0.14 1.92 0.29 0.69 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.33 0.02
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
330 150 270 540 810
0.0242 0.0400 0.0019 0.0056 0.0037 0.5907
2 3 2 3 8
7.8 5.8 0.5 2.9 2.8 78.8
98.9 90.5 90.5 90.5 68.0
7.75 5.27 0.44 2.63 1.88 21.5
0.5907 yd3 0.0215 lbs/yd3 96.36
Note: The number to the left is the original volume , e.g. .5907 yd3 Note: The number to the left is ash volume assuming the average ash density is 1000 lb/yd3, e.g. 21.5/1000 Note: The number to the left is the volume reduction, e.g. (.59-.0215)/.59 x 100
Amount of Gas Derived from Organic MSW, Ex. 11-2, p.390
Amount of Gas Derived from Organic MSW, Example 11-2, p.390

Ash, % N, % by S, % by by weight, weight, weight, dry N, dry S, dry Ash, basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs
Component, Basis 100 lbs total weight [1]
Wet weight, lbs. Table 37, p.52
Dry weight, lbs
C, % by H, % by O, % by weight, weight, weight, dry C, dry H, dry O, basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs
[2]
[3]
[4]
100-[3]
[5]
[2]x[5]/100
[6] 48.0 43.5 44.0 47.8
[7]
[5]x[6]/100
[8[ 6.4 6.0 5.9 6.0
[9]
[5]x[8]/100
[10] 37.60 44.00 44.60 38.00
[11]
[5]x[10]/100
[12] 2.6 0.3 0.3 3.4
[13]
[5]x[12]/100
[14] 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3
[15]
[5]x[14]/100
[16] 5.0 6.0 5.0 4.5
[17]
[5]x[16]/100
Rapidly decomposable organic constituents Food wastes 9.0 70.0 30.0 2.7 Paper 34.0 6.0 94.0 32.0 Cardboard 6.0 5.0 95.0 5.7 Yard Wastes 11.1 60.0 40.0 4.4 Total 60.1 259.0 44.80 Slowly decomposable organic constituents Textiles 2.0 10.0 90.0 1.8 Rubber 0.5 2.0 98.0 0.5 Leather 0.5 10.0 90.0 0.5 Yard Wastes 7.4 60.0 40.0 3.0 Wood 2.0 20.0 80.0 1.6 Total 44.80
7.3 15.3 5.1
1.30 13.90 2.51 2.12 19.83
0.17 1.92 0.34 0.27 2.69
1.02 14.06 2.54 1.69 19.31
0.07 0.10 0.02 0.15 0.33
0.01 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.10
0.14 1.92 0.29 0.20 2.54
55.0 78.0 60.0 47.8 49.5
0.99 0.38 0.27 1.41 0.79 3.85
6.6 10.0 8.0 6.0 6.0
0.12 0.05 0.04 0.18 0.10 0.48
31.20 0.00 11.60 38.00 42.70
0.56 0.00 0.05 1.12 0.68 2.42
4.6 2.0 10.0 3.4 0.2
0.08 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.24
0.15 0 0.4 0.3 0.1
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
2.5 10.0 10.0 4.5 1.5
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.30
12.4 vs.
398.0
7.30
44.80 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight. 7.3 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight.
Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 15.3, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 60.1-44.8=15.3 Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 5.1, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 12.4-7.3=5.1
Moisture Content Moisture Content
Page No.29
Molar Composition Without Sulfur
Component, Atomic Weight, weight in lbs. lbs/mole [1] [2] Carbon 12.01 Hydrogen 1.01 Oxygen 16 Nitrogen 14.01
Molar Composition, Rapidly Decomposable, lbs/atomic weight
Molar Compostition, Slowly Decomposable, lbs/atomic weight
Mole Ratio Rapidly Decomposable (nitrogen=1)
Mole Ratio Slowly Molecular Weight Molecular Weight Decomposable of Rapidly of Slowly (nitrogen=1) Decomposable Decomposable
[3] 1.6510 2.6664 1.2067 0.0239
[4] 0.3205 0.4727 0.1514 0.0172
[5]=[3]/N 69 112 51 1
[6]=[4]/N 19 27 9 1
Rapidly decomposable formula = C69H112O51N1 Slowly decomposable formula = C19H27O9N1
[3]=[2]*[5] 831 113 810 14 1,768
[8]=[2]*[6] 223 28 141 14 406
Rapidly Decomposable Example Formula: C69H112O51N1 +16H2O ---> 35CH4 + 33CO2 + NH3 Slowly Decomposable Example Formula: C19H27O9N1 +9H2O ---> 11CH4 + 9CO2 + NH3
These columns must be manually entered using the coefficients of the appropriate molecule from the above balanced equation. Total Molecular Weights
No. of molcules, enter manually Molecule, Rapidly after balancing Decomposable Molecular Weight equation No. of molcules, Enter manually Molecule, Slowly after balancing Decomposable Molecular Weight equation
Total Weight
Total Weight
[1]
C69H112O51N1 H20 CH4 CO2 NH3
[2] 1768 18 16 44 17
[3] 1 16 35 33 1
[4]=[2]*[3] 1768 288 560 1452 17
[1]
C69H112O51N1 H20 CH4 CO2 NH3
[2] 406 18 16 44 17
[3] 1 9 11 9 1
[4]=[2]*[3] 406 162 176 396 17
Page No.30
Determination of the Volume of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Produced
Methane, Carbon ft3, Dioxide, ft3 Rapidly 317 298 Slowly 71 58 3 0.0448 Density of methane, lb/ft @ STP, this entry may be edited. 3 0.1235 Density of carbon dioxide, lb/ft @ STP, this entry may be edited Note: Sample calculation: wt(CH4)*dry wt / (Rapid total wt*spec wt) Note: Sample calculation: (396*7.3)/(406*.1235)=58
Total Theoretical Amount of Gas per Unit Dry Weight of Organic Matter Destroyed
Total amount of gas per unit dry wt, lb/ft3
Rapidly Slowly
13.72 17.59
Page No.31
Determination of Density of Compacted MSW, With and Without Diversion, Example 11-5, p.474
Items Weight, Specific Recovered, based on Weight, i.e. do NOT 100 lbs., T3- lb/yd3, T4-1, go to the 7, p.52, p.70,EDIT Compaction Compacted landfill, EDIT THIS THIS Factor, T11- Volume in EDIT THIS COLUMN COLUMN Volume, yd3 24, p.474 Landfill, yd3 COLUMN
[2] [3] [4=][2]/[3] [6] [7]=[5]*[6] [8]
Component
[1]
Percent of items recovered, i.e. does NOT go to the landfill, EDIT THIS COLUMN
[9]
Weight of removed materials, lbs
Adjusted weight, original weight less weight removed, lb
Volume of removed materials, yd3

[12]
Adjusted volume, original volume less items removed, yd3

[13]=[7]-[12]
[10]=[7]*[9]/100[11]=[2]*[9]/100
Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 936.5 929.8 0.7
9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
490 150 85 110 110 220 270 170 400
0.0184 0.2267 0.0706 0.0636 0.0182 0.0023 0.0019 0.1088 0.0050
0.33 0.15 0.18 0.10 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30
0.0061 0.0340 0.0127 0.0064 0.0027 0.0007 0.0006 0.0218 0.0015
0.0 34.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 17.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.0 17.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
0.0000 0.0170 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0061 0.0170 0.0127 0.0064 0.0027 0.0007 0.0006 0.0218 0.0015
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
330 150 270 540 810
0.0242 0.0400 0.0019 0.0056 0.0037 0.59
0.40 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.75
0.0097 0.0060 0.0003 0.0017 0.0028 0.1068
8.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
80.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.4 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.6 1.2 0.5 3.0 3.0 71.8
0.0078 0.0048 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0019 0.0012 0.0003 0.0017 0.0028 0.0772
Note: The number to the left is the original specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total, 100lb/.1068yd3 Note: The number to the left is the revised specific weight, lb/yd3, 71.8lb/.0772yd3 Note: The number to the left is the percent change
Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste, specific weight, items recovered and/or percent of items recovered.
Landfill Gas Generation

Ex11-8, p.496 Landfill Gas Generation, Example 11-8, p. 496
Moisture Wet weight, Content, %, lbs. Table 3- Table 4-1, 7, p.52 p.71 Rate of RBW gas RBW Gas production, production, End of Year ft3/yr ft3
Component, Basis 100 lbs total weight
Dry weight, %
Dry weight, lbs
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
100-[3]
[5]
[2]x[5]/100
0 1 2 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 5.60 4.90 4.20 3.50 2.80 2.10 1.40 0.70 0.00 14.00
Rapidly Biodegradable Waste, RBW, organic constituents Food wastes 9.0 70.0 30.0 2.7 Paper 34.0 6.0 94.0 32.0 Cardboard 6.0 5.0 95.0 5.7 Yard Wastes 11.1 60.0 40.0 4.4 Total 60.1 259.0 44.80 Slowly Biodegradable Waste, SBW, organic constituents Textiles 2.0 10.0 90.0 1.8 Rubber 0.5 2.0 98.0 0.5 Leather 0.5 10.0 90.0 0.5 Yard Wastes 7.4 60.0 40.0 3.0 Wood 2.0 20.0 80.0 1.6 Total 5 5 15 14 16 5.600 2.133 75 50 44.80 7.30 0.336 0.0365 4.704 0.584 12.4 398.0 7.30
4 5 6 Total
Landfill life, years Time period for total decomposition for RBW, years Time period for total decomposition of SBW matter, years Landfill gas produced from RBW deposited, ft3/lb dry solids Landfill gas produced from SBW deposited, ft3/lb dry solids Peak production for RBW, ft3/lb dry solids, e.g. 14ft3/lb=.5*5years*peak, see diagram Peak production for SBW, ft3/lb dry solids, e.g. 16ft3/lb=.5*5years*peak, see diagram Fraction of the total waste that is RBW, percent Fraction of the total waste that is SBW, percent Dry weight, RBW, lbs, from above calculations Dry weight, SBW, lbs, from above calculations Fraction of weight that is RBW, lb RBW/lb, e.g. 44.8/75 Fraction of weight that is SBW, lb SBW/lb, e.g. 7.30/50 Total amount of gas produced per lb of RBW, e.g. .336*14ft3/lb Total amount of gas produced per lb of SBW, e.g. .0365*16ft3/lb
These numbers must be equal.
Page 33

Ex11-8, p.496
Assumptions and Comments:
1. The landfill life is 5 years which is unrealistically short, nonetheless, the enclose calculations provide a starting point for a longer analysis. All calculations are based on 1 pound of waste. 2. For RBW and SBW, the gas production and rate of gas production is modelled by a triangle whose ordinate, y, value is the gas production rate, ft3/yr, and whose abscissa, x, value is the time in years. In other words, the rate at any time is the corresponding rate, y value, associated with that time. The area under the curve is the gas production, ft3. The gas production between the end of year 3 and the end of year 4 is the area under the curve for those time periods which in this case is a trapezoid whose base is 1 year (4-3) and whose bases are the rates at years 3 and 4. Area trapezoid=.5h(b1+b2). 3. For RBW, the time period for activity is 5 years and the peak is achieved at the end of the first year leaving 4 years after the peak. From the peak, the rate slopes to 0 at the end of the 4th year which is the beginning of the 5th year. The peak is, therefore, PEAK*4/4, the rate at the end of year 2 is PEAK*3/4; year 3=PEAK*2/4; year 4=1/4; year 5 is 0. The total area under the curve is 14ft3. 4.For SBW, the time period for activity is 15 years and the peak is achieved at the end of year 5 leaving 10 years after the peak. From the peak, the rate slopes to 0 at the end of the 15th year which is the beginning of the 16th year. The peak is, therefore, PEAK*10/10, the rate at the end of year 6 is PEAK*9/10; year 7=PEAK*8/10; year 8=7/10 etc.; year 15 is 0. The total area under the curve is 16ft3.
Area of Triangle=.5bh=.5(5years)*peak 14ft3=.5*5*peak peak=5.6ft3/yr
RBW Gas Production Rate, ft3/yr Area in Triangle = 14ft3 1 2 Time, years 3
Rate@ end of 3rd year=Peak*(5-3)/(5-1) =5.6ft3/yr*2/4=2.8ft3/yr
Volume between years 3&4=area of trapezoid =.5*(1year)(rate at 3+rate at 4) =.5*1*(2,8+1.4)=2.1ft3
SBW Gas Production Rate, ft3/yr
Area of Triangle=.5bh=.5(5years)*peak 16ft3=.5*5*peak peak=2.133ft3/yr Rate@ end of 12th year=Peak*(107)/(15-5) =2.133ft3/yr*3/10=.640ft3/yr Area in Triangle = 16ft3 5 10 15 Volume between years 12&13=area of trapezoid =.5*(1year)(rate at 12+rate at 13) =.5*1*(.640+.427)=.534ft3
Time, years
Page 34

Ex11-8, p.496
Yearly Production Rates From RWB and SWB per Pound of Total Waste
Total=RBW +SBW, rate of gas production, ft3/yr Total=RBW +SBW, Gas Production, ft3
Landfill Ga
End of Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total
Rate of SBW gas SBW Gas production, production, ft3/yr ft3
End of Year 0
Rate of RBW gas RBW Gas production, production, ft3/yr ft3
Rate of SBW gas SBW Gas production, production, ft3/yr ft3
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.213 0.427 0.640 0.853 1.067 1.280 1.493 1.707 1.920 2.133 2.027 1.920 1.813 1.707 1.600 1.493 1.387 1.280 1.173 1.067 0.960 0.853 0.747 0.640 0.533 0.427 0.320 0.213 0.107 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.941 1.882 1.646 1.411 1.176 0.941 0.706 0.470 0.235 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.039 0.047 0.055 0.062 0.070 0.078 0.074 0.070 0.066 0.062 0.058 0.055 0.051 0.047 0.043 0.039 0.035 0.031 0.027 0.023 0.019 0.016 0.012 0.008 0.004 0.000 4.704 0.584
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.949 1.897 1.670 1.442 1.215 0.988 0.760 0.533 0.305 0.078 0.074 0.070 0.066 0.062 0.058 0.055 0.051 0.047 0.043 0.039 0.035 0.031 0.027 0.023 0.019 0.016 0.012 0.008 0.004 0.000 5.288
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16.000 Total
Page 35

Ex11-8, p.496
Landfill Gas As Produced per Pound of Waste Over A Period of Five Years
Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 1 Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 2 Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 3 Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 4 Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 5 Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, TOTAL
End of Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total
Gas, ft3
Cumulative gas production, ft3
0.000 0.000 0.000 1.897 1.442 0.988 0.533 0.078 0.070 0.062 0.055 0.047 0.039 0.031 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.897 1.442 0.988 0.533 0.078 0.070 0.062 0.055 0.047 0.039 0.031 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.897 1.442 0.988 0.533 0.078 0.070 0.062 0.055 0.047 0.039 0.031 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.897 1.442 0.988 0.533 0.078 0.070 0.062 0.055 0.047 0.039 0.031 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.897 1.442 0.988 0.533 0.078 0.070 0.062 0.055 0.047 0.039 0.031 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.949 1.897 2.618 3.340 3.833 4.327 4.593 4.860 4.899 4.938 4.024 3.111 2.420 1.730 1.264 0.797 0.554 0.311 0.292 0.273 0.253 0.234 0.214 0.195 0.175 0.156 0.136 0.117 0.097 0.078 0.062 0.047 0.035 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.004 0.000 26.440 26.436 26.421 26.385 26.323 26.226 26.090 25.914 25.700 25.447 25.155 24.601 23.337 20.916 16.892 11.994 7.400 3.567 0.949 0.000
Page 36

Ex11-8, p.496
Gas Production Rate vs. Time

Gas Production Rate, ft3/yr 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time, End of Year (years)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0.000 0.000 0.949 3.567 7.400 11.994 16.892 20.916 23.337 24.601 25.155 25.447 25.700 25.914 26.090 26.226 26.323 26.385 26.421 26.436 26.440
Cumulative Gas Production vs. Time

30
Cumulative Gas Production, ft3
25
20
15
10
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time, End of Year (years)
Page 37
As Generated Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-3, p.67

Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note, T3-7, p52
[2]
9.4 33.8 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.4 2.0
Component
[1]
[3]
0.0 39.6 5.6 11.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 14.3 5.6
Weight of Solid Waste components Weight of solid excluding the waste components separated items, now separated, 25 75 lbs based on lbs based on a total of 100 lbs, i.e. total of 100 lb, i.e. 75%, also 100-25. 25%, Note 2 Note 3.
[4]=[3]x.25
0.0 9.9 1.4 2.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 3.6 1.4
As generated distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight
[6]=[4]+[5]
7.1 35.3 5.9 8.0 1.7 0.6 0.5 17.4 2.9
[5]=[2]x.75
7.1 25.4 4.5 5.3 1.5 0.4 0.4 13.8 1.5
7.9 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
8.8 5.9 0.5 7.0 0.0 100.0
2.2 1.5 0.1 1.8 0.0 25.0
5.9 4.5 0.4 2.3 2.3 75.0
8.1 6.0 0.5 4.0 2.3 100.0
Note 1: Breakdown of the 25% that is being recycled e.g. of the 25% being recycled, 44% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C, total must be 100%, Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 25% to recycling, 75% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, Col to left Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-25%(recycled) = 75% not recycled
As Collected Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-4, p.67

[3] 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0
0.0 34.0 3.0 7.0 0.5 1.0 2.7 18.9 12.8
Component
[1]
Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 43.2 56.8
Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up.
[2]
Weight of Solid Waste components now separated, 50 lbs Weight of solid based on total of waste components 100 lbs, i.e. 50%, now separated, also 100-75. Note 50% 3.
[4]=[3]x.50
0.0 14.7 1.3 3.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 8.2 5.5
As collected distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight
[6]=[4]+[5]
5.1 34.0 4.7 7.0 1.4 0.7 1.5 18.7 6.7
[5]=[2]x.50
5.1 19.3 3.4 4.0 1.1 0.3 0.3 10.5 1.1
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0

100.0
6.2 9.0 3.1 1.8 0.0 100.0
2.7 3.9 1.3 0.8 0.0 43.2
4.5 3.4 0.3 1.7 1.7 56.8
7.2 7.3 1.6 2.5 1.7 100.0
Note 1: Breakdown of the 50% that is being recycled e.g. of the 50% being recycled, 40% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C(3), total must be 100%, Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 50% to recycling, 50% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, no. to left Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-50%(recycled) = 50% not recycled

Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 23.7 %, moisture % by weight T3-7, Moisture Content, Weight of Water, p.52 %, T4-1, p.70 lbs. [2] [3] [2]x[3]/100 7.0 29.5 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.0 25.2 2.0 70 6 5 2 10 2 10 60 20 4.9 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 15.1 0.4 Dry Weight, lbs [2]x[100-[3]]/100 2.1 27.7 5.7 6.9 1.8 0.5 0.0 10.1 1.6
6.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 5.3 100.0
2 3 2 3 8
0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 23.7
5.9 5.8 0.5 2.9 4.9 76.3
Note: The number to the left is the overall moisture content, total col 4.
Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or moisture content
Page 40

Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total % by weight T3-7, p.52 [2] 7.0 29.5 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.0 25.2 2.0
6.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 5.3 100.0
Page 41
%Moisture (lower); %dry (upper)
100%
10%
20%
30%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
40%
0% Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood
Moisture Content of Typical MSW
Page 42
Components Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total
Page 43
Page 44
Page 45
Chemical Composition of MSW ex4-2, p.81 also Estimation of Energy Content, ex.4-4, p.86
Wet weight, lbs. Table 37, p.52 Ash, % C, % by H, % by O, % by N, % by S, % by by weight, weight, weight, weight, weight, weight, dry C, dry H, dry O, dry N, dry S, dry Ash, basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi basis, T4- Composi 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs 4, p.81 tion, lbs
Component, Basis 100 lbs total weight [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Total
Dry weight, lbs
[2] 8.5 34.7 5.5 6.6 2.1 0.7 0.7 16.9 1.7 77.4
[3] 72.0 5.5 5.5 1.9 9.5 1.5 9.7 62.0 19.8
[4]
100-[3]
[5]
[2]x[5]/100
[6] 48.0 43.5 44.0 60.0 55.0 78.0 60.0 47.8 49.5
[7]
[5]x[6]/100
[8[ 6.4 6.0 5.9 7.2 6.6 10.0 8.0 6.0 6.0
[9]
[5]x[8]/100
[10] 37.60 44.00 44.60 22.80 31.20 0.00 11.60 38.00 42.70
[11]
[5]x[10]/100
[12] 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 4.6 2.0 10.0 3.4 0.2
[13]
[5]x[12]/100
[14] 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0.15 0 0.4 0.3 0.1
[15]
[5]x[14]/100
[16] 5.0 6.0 5.0 10.0 2.5 10.0 10.0 4.5 1.5
[17]
[5]x[16]/100
28.0 94.5 94.5 98.1 90.5 98.5 90.3 38.0 80.2
2.4 32.8 5.2 6.5 1.9 0.7 0.6 6.4 1.4 57.9
1.14 14.26 2.29 3.88 1.05 0.54 0.38 3.07 0.67 27.29
0.15 1.97 0.31 0.47 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.39 0.08 3.60
0.89 14.43 2.32 1.48 0.59 0.00 0.07 2.44 0.58 22.81
0.06 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.22 0.00 0.56
0.01 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.11
0.12 1.97 0.26 0.65 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.29 0.02 3.48
57.9 19.5
vs.
57.9
Moisture Content
Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight. Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 20.5, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 79.5-59.0=20.5 Note:Total weight=wet weight+dry weight=100lbs, e.g. 79.5+20.5=100.0, OK
Page No.46
Component, Without weight in lbs. H2O Carbon 27.29

Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Ash
3.60 22.81 0.56
With H2O, includes moisture as indicated below

27.29 5.78 40.18 0.56 0.11 3.48
0.11 3.48
Total 19.5 2.17 17.38
57.9
77.4
Note: The moisture e.g. 20.5, must be distrubed between H & O. Since water is H 20. e.g. the total molecular weight is 18, 2/18 is H; 16/18 is ).
Total moisture content Hydrogen proportion Oxygen proportion Note: The total without H2O must match the original wet weight e.g. 79.5. Molar Composition With H2O and Without H2O, Neglecting the Ash
Without Atomic H2O, With H2O, Component, Weight, moles weight in lbs. lbs/mole moles Carbon 12.01 2.272 2.272 Hydrogen 1.01 3.569 5.720 Oxygen 16 1.425 2.511 Nitrogen 14.01 0.040 0.040 Sulfur 32.07 0.003 0.003
Page No.47
Approximate Chemical Formula
Component, mole ratios Carbon

Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur
Nitrogen= Nitrogen= Sulfur=1, 1,Without 1, With Without Sulfur=1, H2 O H2 O H2 O With H2O 56.7 56.7 653.4 653.4 89.1 142.7 1026.5 1645.0 35.6 62.7 410.0 722.3 1.0 1.0 11.5 11.5 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0
Chemical Chemical fomula formula without sulfur with sulfur

Without H2O With H2O
C56.3H88.3O35.4N C56.3H143.3O63.2N
C648.6H1016.9O408N11.5S C648.6H1650.2O727.9N11.5S
Note: Formulas must be manually adjusted based on table to the left
Energy Value Using Dulong Formula Number of Weight atoms per contributio mole, n of each Atomic from element, %, Weight Component, Weight, chemical number of contributio atoms/mol n/Total weight in lbs. lbs/mole formula Carbon 12.01 653.4 7,847 36.91 Hydrogen 1.01 1645.0 1,661 7.82 Oxygen 16 722.3 11,557 54.36 Nitrogen 14.01 11.5 161 0.76 Sulfur 32.07 1.0 32 0.15 Total 21,259 100.00
Estimation of energy content of MSW based on chemical

BTU/lb=145C+610(H2+O2/8)+40S+10N C, H, O, S, N=+% by weight Including Sulfur and water
14,278 BTU/lb
Page No.48

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. lb, based on 100 Energy, BTU/lb, lbs. T3-7, p.52 T4-5, p.84 9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0 2,000 7,200 7,000 14,000 7,500 10,000 7,500 2,800 8,000
Component Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 5065.3 BTU/lb
Total Energy, BTU 18,000 244,800 42,000 98,000 15,000 5,000 3,750 51,800 16,000
8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0
60 300 0 300 3,000
480 1,800 0 900 9,000 506,530
Note: The number to the left is the as discarded density in BTU/lb. Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.
Page 49

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. lb, based on 100 lbs. T3-7, p.52 6.9 33.4 6.0 5.4 1.9 0.5 0.9 22.5 5.3
Component Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 0 BTU/lb
3.2 7.8 0.4 2.3 3.5 100.0 Note: The number to the left is the as discarded density in BTU/lb. Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.
Page 50

Energy Content of Typical MSW
3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 2%
4%
10%
Food wastes
1% 1% 3%
Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics
48%
Inorganic Glass
19%
Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc.
8%
Page 51
Page 52
Page 53

Weight, based on Specific Weight, 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52 lb/ft3, T4-1, o.70 [2] [3] 4.1 29.9 8.9 8.9 3.4 0.6 0.8 16.4 5.1 490 150 85 110 110 220 270 170 400
Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total 162 lbs/ft3
Volume, yd3 [2]/[3] 0.008 0.199 0.105 0.081 0.031 0.003 0.003 0.096 0.013
3.4 7.8 0.3 4.5 5.9 100.0
330 150 270 540 810
0.010 0.052 0.001 0.008 0.007 0.618
Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total col.3 e.g. 100/.59
Page 54

Component [1] Organic Food wastes Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber Leather Yard Wastes Wood Misc. Organics Inorganic Glass Tin cans Aluminum Other metal Dirt, ash, etc. Total #DIV/0! lbs/ft3 Weight, based on 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52 [2] 4.1 29.9 8.9 8.9 3.4 0.6 0.8 16.4 5.1
3.4 7.8 0.3 4.5 5.9 100.0 Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total col.3 e.g. 100/.59
Page 55

Specific Weight of Typical MSW
900 810 800
700
600 Specific Weight, lb/ft3 540 500 490
400
400
330 300 220 200 150 110 100 85 110 170 150
270
270
Component
Page 56
Page 57
Page 58

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Introduction to and Operating Instructions for 457.

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52

8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0

7.9 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0

9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0

9.0 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52

Typical Physical Composition of MSW

Paper Cardboard Plastics

Textiles Rubber Leather

Yard Wastes Wood Glass

Tin cans Aluminum Other metal

Dirt, ash, etc.

Solid Waste As Collected

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52

9.0 34.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.5 2.0

0.0 50.0 10.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0

0.00 5.50 1.10 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00

8.01 30.26 5.34 6.23 1.78 0.45 0.45 16.47 1.78

9.5 33.8 6.0 7.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 18.4 2.0

8.0 35.8 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.3 1.8

8.4 35.6 6.4 6.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 17.3 1.8

8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0

18.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 0.0

1.98 0.44 0.11 0.33 0.00

7.12 5.34 0.45 2.67 2.67

8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0

9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7

9.1 5.8 0.6 3.0 2.7 100.0

As Generated Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-3, p.67

7.9 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0

12.0 6.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 100.0

3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 25.0

5.9 4.5 0.4 2.3 2.3 75.0

8.9 6.0 0.4 3.8 2.3 100.0

As Collected Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-4, p.67

8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0

12.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

6.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0

4.0 3.0 0.3 1.5 1.5 50.0

10.0 7.0 0.3 1.5 1.5 100.0

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

8.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 3.0 100.0

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 21.2

7.8 5.8 0.5 2.9 2.8 78.8

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

%Moisture (lower); %dry (upper)

Moisture Content of Typical MSW

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72

Estimation of Chemical Composition of MSW, Ex4-2, p.81

Moisture Content, Dry %, Table weight, 4-1, p.71 %

Dry weight, lbs

[14] 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0.15 0 0.4 0.3 0.1

30.0 94.0 95.0 98.0 90.0 98.0 90.0 40.0 80.0

Estimation of Chemical Composition of MSW, Ex4-2, p.81

Component, Without weight in lbs. H2O Carbon 27.79

With H2O, includes moisture as indicated below

Total 20.5 2.28 18.26

Estimation of Chemical Composition of MSW, Ex4-2, p.81

Approximate Chemical Formula

Component, mole ratios Carbon