SLUICE GATES - SLIDE GATES - PENSTOCKS

SLUICE GATES

Business Philosophy

1. Reputation 2. Service

15 Reasons Why customers choose Ham Baker

Integrity in management Quality of product

We hold an esteemed reputation globally, for well engineered, high quality equipment. Unsurpassed in service, our team of professionals will help you to nd the most effective solution. All our personnel have e-mail contactability, even whilst away from the ofce. The business world is moving faster exponentially, and we aim always, to move with it.

HISTORY
HAM BAKER is a name most professionals in the water and wastewater industries will instinctively associate with high quality precision-engineered products. Established over 100 years ago the original company has undergone many changes over the last century and more recently changes of ownership.

3. People

We pride ourselves on building long-term, strong relationships with both suppliers and customers to enable us to better understand and meet customer needs.

4. Range

Unique size range with manufacturing capability up to 5m square gates.

5. Quality

The company is acknowledged as the worlds leading designer and manufacturer of gates and ap valves. Gates and other ow control products manufactured by Ham Baker can be found operating in almost every country in the world. The history of the company began in 1884 as a partnership between Frederick Ham, William Baker and Claude Sansom in London and began manufacturing gates in 1886, trading under the name of Ham Baker & Company Ltd. In 1902, Hartleys (Stoke-on-Trent) Ltd was founded as a family owned business in Stoke-on-Trent by William Hartley, who gained his early engineering training in the locomotive industry. Initially the company manufactured general engineering items and began specialising in the manufacture of equipment for the water and wastewater industries in 1904. The two companies merged in 1998 to create a product range unrivalled throughout the world. In 2002 the company was acquired by the WTB Group of Bristol and continues its proud 100 year history as a leading innovator in the elds of water and wastewater engineering. The company now produces a range of products in cast iron, ductile iron, stainless steel and plastic to deal with every aspect of uid control.
2

Our products exceed the requirements of British and American Waterworks Association Standards and, indeed, exceed the quality of most of our competitors. All products are manufactured under a BS EN ISO 9001:2000 certied quality assurance system. 6. Delivery No other company delivers any faster than us. Spares and Fastrack products are often delivered within hours. 7. Flexibility One of the very few companies who cater for non-standard requirements. You draw it... well build it.

8. Partnerships: Experienced in Framework Arrangements

We have worked with and continue to work with a number of Water and Sewage Companies in the UK who are committed to value for money when using Ham Baker. A sign of value for money and peace of mind.

9. One Stop Shop

Recognised as the only one-stop shop in gates. Design, proposals, specication, supply, x, repair, spares, aftercare, consultation. Why diverse your time, or multiply the risks with several suppliers, when you can have all the contacts under one roof?

10. Peace of Mind

Readily available library of technical information, built up over 100 years, gives you peace of mind regarding design and maintenance. We have gates still in practical working order after over 90 years of continuous service.

11. Brand Name

Ham Baker is a household name of stability, in the water treatment business. Most of our competition is unknown to the end user. 12. Continued Innovation We are at the leading edge of design and development.

13. Unique

Coplastix Gates are the most cost effective gates available. Designed and built only by Ham Baker. More cost effective (i.e. lower cost of ownership) than stainless steel or cast iron.

14. Retro Engineering

Designs are on le from over 60 years, to enable parts to be re-engineered, to service older gates, meaning lower cost of manufacture, with exact specication.

15. Price

Our products are competitively priced and represent excellent over life-time value for money, when considering all aspects of ownership; cost, installation, maintenance, and long-term performance.

FLOW CONTROL

Sluice / Slide Gates

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Selection Table / Features / Terminology An Introduction to Flow Control Cast Iron Series 60 Cast Iron Series 60 - 30 Cast Iron Series 90 - 60 AWWA C560 Cast Iron Series 160 - 80 Cast Iron Weir Sluice Gates

4 5 8 10 12 15 18

Stainless Steel Fabricated Slide Gates AWWA C561 19 A

Composite2 Series 50 - 40 AWWA C563 Technical Details Operating Gear

20 22 26

Sluice / Slide Gate / Penstock

Sluice / Slide gates are used to control the ow or level of a liquid and consists of a sliding door controlled by a mechanically operated stem, which moves over an aperture in a frame, which in turn is secured onto a structure. Sluice / Slide gate is more descriptive of the product, and this term is used widely in specications outside the UK. The word penstock originates from the days of water mills when it was not uncommon for a pond (stored or penned up water), which was used to feed the water wheel or mill race to be referred to as the pen. The timber stop logs used to control the ow onto the water wheel was called the stock. Later, as the need to accurately control the velocity of the water wheel became more critical, a single sliding gate operated by a lifting mechanism replaced the stop logs with their individual sections. During the 17th century, the words pen and stock became combined into a single word - PENSTOCK.
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1
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Below is a list of benets for the 5 main gate product types illustrated in our catalogue.

Cast Iron Gates

Stainless Steel Fabricated Gates

Robust construction High impact resistance For use with high grit content applications All sewage and water applications 50 year service life Metal to metal sealing faces

Coplastix Gates
Materials UV stabilised Adjustable pressure pads Leakage considerably less than approved standards Reduced operating loads Door having smooth clean face Side wall xing (no rebate required) Non-standard aperture sizes Resilient seals

Adjustable wedging application Reduced operating loads Leakage considerably less than approved standards Mechanically xed Low maintenance seals tted to door only Wall, channel or side wall xing Non-standard aperture sizes can be accommodated Individually designed to suit each application Resilient seals

Specication for Gates

Ham Baker has ISO EN 9001:2000 accreditation, and the capability to manufacture a full range of gates in accordance with BS7775 or AWWA Standards.

CORRESPONDING TERMINOLOGY
BS7775
Gate Door Spindle Spindle Nut Protection Tube Metal Seal Resilient Seal On-Seating Head Off-Seating Head Head Measured from invert of aperture

AWWA
Sluice Gate Slide Stem Thrust Nut Stem Cover Sealing Face Seal Seating Head Unseating Head Head Measured from centreline of aperture

2
An Introduction to Flow Control
Ham Baker can offer the most comprehensive range of ow control equipment in the world. The traditional cast iron ranges have been the mainstay of the industry and the development of Ham Baker has created several standard ranges which cover a wide variety of types, sizes and operating conditions. However the wealth of experience gives Ham Baker the ability to design and manufacture gates for any duty or size. Ham Baker in step with its continuous programme of research and development has developed a range of stainless steel fabricated gates using the latest technology. Low friction guide blocks are positioned on the frame sides to effect a clearance between the door and the resilient sealing faces attached to the frame upon immediate raising of the door, thus preventing seal drag and minimising wear. With this comprehensive range of ow control products Ham Baker can help our customers solve all their ow control needs. Because of this extensive range we are not limited to specic duty ranges or technologies but can offer our customers not only a technically suitable solution but also the most cost effective solution. Gates and other ow control products manufactured by Ham Baker can be found operating in almost every country in the world, thus endorsing the statement that Ham Baker is one of the leading gate manufacturers in the world. to complex control systems for electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic actuation. The range of gates together with its associated operating equipment will cater for the most demanding specication and application. This section is intended to assist users in the selection of the most suitable products to meet requirements. Selection Considerations When setting out to determine the unit most suited to a particular requirement, the following considerations have to be made: 1. Size of gate required. 2. In which direction is the ow of the uid to be controlled; will it force the door on to or off its sealing face? 3. What is the differential head in meters across the gate in each direction under: (a) Static conditions. (b) Opening and closing conditions. 4. Wall, channel, pipe or thimble mounting. 5. Method of operation. 6. It is now necessary to make a selection given: (a) Basic types available. (b) Direction of ow and invert sealing arrangement. (c) Mounting position. (d) Fixing details. (e) Method of operation. (f) Accessories. Having selected the basic frame type, it is then necessary to specify one of the following alternatives:A. Is the gate to take - on-seating head? - off-seating head? - on and off-seating head? On-seating head - Pressure forcing the door onto the frame. Off-seating head - Pressure forcing the door away from the frame. Modulating gates for ow control purposes, where gates may be frequently repositioned and utilise only a proportion of the full stroke, require special consideration and may necessitate: larger than standard stems slow operating speeds continuously rated motors on actuators special heat absorbing drive sleeves B. Is the gate to have - Chased/Rebated invert? - Flush invert?
5

SELECTION
Introduction
The primary application of gates is the ow control and isolation of uids associated with water, waste water, sewage treatment plants, power generation, irrigation schemes and process plants. The modern gate is designed to cater for a wide variety of duties from low seating to high off-seating heads in sizes from 150mm to 5000mm square. Selection of the correct gate to suit the duty is important to satisfy the design criteria and provide the most cost effective solution. Operation of the gate is governed generally by factors outside the control of the gate manufacturer. However, the range of available operating equipment is extensive: from simple direct operation by handwheel

FLOW CONTROL

Flush Inverts
These are available with a resilient sealing strip to produce a laminar ow, improved hydraulics, efciency and a non-fouling invert.

Channel Mounting
Any of Ham Baker standard gate units can be mounted in a channel. Channel mounted gates are xed into preformed rebates in the sides and inverts of channels by means of a sand/cement non shrink grout, to effect a seal between the rebate and the gate frame. Wall mounted Sealing gates can be installed with Grout foundation bolts and grout, however, the rebate will need to be cast large enough to facilitate normal wall mounting procedures and wedge adjustment. Concrete Structure

Flow

Flow

On-Seating Head

Off-Seating Head

Wall Thimbles
Wall Thimbles are not needed with our design. When high off-sealing pressure is specied, careful consideration must be given to the method of xing the gate to the structure. From our vast experience, we believe that a full survey of the situation is needed. Many high strength anchoring systems are available and should be considered before any thimble is specied. Thimbles are expensive, difcult to install and are a proprietary item supplied by the gate manufacturer. The following advantages are claimed for the use of thimbles: 1. Civil construction can proceed prior to delivery of the gate. This is also true for Ham Baker wall mounted gates. Extra costs will be incurred for the thimble and approx 50% extra for installation. 2. Considerable keying/anchor area within the concrete structure. The attachment of the gate frame to the thimble is achieved by drilling and taping the cast iron base material, and inserting stainless steel studs. Over time corrosion occurs, now the unseating load is transferred to these corroded taped holes. 3. Ease of gate installation and removal for re-sitting or cleaning etc. Most contractors add 50% more for installing a gate with a thimble so it is not that easy! When requested wall thimbles can be supplied in either E or F section, suitable for circular or rectangular openings. When pipe work connections are needed, the pipe supply company should supply the appropriate connection for sealing etc.

Flow

Flow

On-Seating/Off-Seating Head

Wall Mounted Invert

Flush Invert

FIXINGS METHODS
Wall Mounting
Wall mounted gates are xed to vertical end walls of channels, chambers or similar structures by means of foundation bolts utilising a sand/cement Sealing non shrink grout to effect Grout a seal between the wall and gate frame. Anchor bolts can be supplied as an expanding type (as shown opposite), cast-in Concrete type or epoxy type. Structure
6

FLOW CONTROL

COUPLINGS
There are several methods of connecting sections of stem together. The type selected will depend upon the application and the duty of the gate. The most commonly used couplings are illustrated below. TYPICAL COUPLINGS

Stem Adaptor
Manufactured in cast iron, for jointing straight lengths of stem in line. For use with torsional loads only (non-rising stem applications).

Stem adaptor

Muff Couplings
Manufactured in the same material as the stem for joining straight lengths of stem in-line. For use with both axial and torsional loads (rising and non-rising stem applications). Two types of coupling are available:1. Plain muff coupling. 2. Screwed muff coupling. The use of a particular type of coupling will depend upon the operating duty and/or the specication.

Universal joint

Plain

Screwed

Muff Couplings TYPICAL STEM GUIDES

Universal Joint
Manufactured in mild steel or stainless steel, for joining two straight lengths of stem in different planes. For transmission of torsional loads only (non-rising stem applications). Universal joints are supplied in pairs for a maximum working angle of 35. Protective neoprene gaiters can be supplied for the retention of lubricants in the joints.

ACCESSORIES
Stem Guides
In some cases unsupported lengths of stem are subjected to buckling under compression or from lateral thrust by debris or solids. Stem guides are, therefore, necessary as a means of providing intermediate support. Bolt-on type adjustable guides are manufactured in cast iron, normally plain unmachined, but if required they can be bronze lined. When considering the centres or vertical spacing of the guide, the l/r (length/radius of gyration of the stem) should not normally exceed 200.

Used on larger sizes of sluice / slide gates for rising and non-rising stem applications.

Used on smaller sizes of sluice / slide gates for rising and non-rising stem applications.

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Cast Iron Series 60
Metric sizes only (6m Seating Head)

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Frame
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed for wall or ange mounting applications.

DESCRIPTION - a very cost effective solution

The Series 60 is a circular metal faced gate suitable for wall and ange mounting application, suitable for on-seating pressure as standard but, dependent on size, will take a degree of off-seating pressure. Conventional adjustable wedges are positioned around the door as required to suit the duty and provide a practical degree of sealing.

Door
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to withstand seating heads up to 6m on and off seating as specied in table below.

Sealing Faces
Sealing faces are bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge nonacceptance to provide an effective seal. The sealing face material for gates up to and including 600mm diameter sizes is to BS EN 1982:1999, sizes above 600mm diameter BS EN 12167:1998. For sizes up to and including 600mm diameter the sealing faces are force t, for sizes above 600mm the sealing face is secured to the frame using long countersunk taper screws in the same material as the sealing face.

FEATURES / BENEFITS

An extensive range of operating equipment can be utilised Faced wedges available in the same material as the sealing faces Fixing bolts supplied on request

Side Wedges
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The side wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Large contact area wedge

Securing studs Adjusting pins

Aperture

Maximum Head (Meters)

Size (mm)
Door Sealing faces Frame Fixing bolts:Expanding indented as required Grout

On-Seat 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Off-Seat 6 5 4 4 3.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5

Long taper countersunk pegs

Concrete structure

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

Note: Heads taken from invert.

SERIES 60

Thrust Housing (direct operation)

Manufactured in cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 with low friction thrust washer and lubricator.

Operating Stems
Alternative materials can be supplied for operating stems and extension.

Door Nut
Manufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stem types.

Methods of Operation
The method of operation will depend upon several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive which can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26)

Fasteners
Standard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grade 1.4401 (316; A4). P W-No. holes, AA dia

L C K

*U

*V

A dia. J H D Invert Invert *Non-Rising stem G B Thrust Direct F

A 100 (4") 150 (6") 200 (8") 225 (9")

B 254 295 390 415

C 285 385 565 615 665 765 885 985

D 57 65 70 73 78 80 85 90 95

E 48 64 55 55 55 55 65 65 65 65 65

F 78 84 98 98 98 98 118 118 118 118 118

G 216 251 345 370 395 450 525 575 625 675 775

H 3 6 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

J 197 295 415 450 500 575 650 725 400 425 525

K 400 450 550

L -

M -

P 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

U 382 484 675 725 775 875

V 445 550 750 800 850 950

W 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6

AA 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 16 16

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS

250 (10") 440 300 (12") 495 350 (14") 575 400 (16") 625

995 1070

250 1095 1170 250 1195 1270 250 1290 1395 250 1490 1595

450 (18") 675 1085

500 (20") 725 1185 108 600 (24") 825 1375 120

4
Cast Iron Series 60 - 30
Metric sizes only (6m Seating and 3m Unseating Head)

Door
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed to withstand seating heads up to 6 meters (20'), and 3 meters (10') off-seating.

Sealing Faces
Phosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance to provide an effective seal.

DESCRIPTION - a very cost effective solution

The Series 60-30 is a rectangular metal faced gate suitable for wall and thimble mounting, with on-seating heads up to 6 meters (20') and off-seating heads up to 3 meters (10'). Conventional wedges are positioned each side of the frame to apply a face to the door in the closed position.

Door and Frame

The sealing faces are xed securely using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

Wedges
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

OPTIONS

An extensive range of operating gear can be utilised Faced wedges available in the same material as the sealing faces Fixing bolts supplied on request Sealing faces can be secured to satisfy the requirements of the American Water Works Association specication - AWWA C501-92 Circular apertures (sealing faces remain rectangular) Metric Sizes only Full and half frames available

Flush Invert
The resilient ush invert seal is bolted onto the frame invert member.

Thrust Housing
Manufactured in cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 with low friction washer and lubricator.

Invert Seal
A ush invert is supplied as a standard feature, the seal is manufactured from Ethylene Propylene Di-Methyl (EPDM) to ASTM D2000.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Frame
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron for wall or thimble mounting applications.
Large contact area wedge Securing studs Adjusting pins

Door Nut
Manufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications, or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stem types.

Fasteners
Door Sealing Faces Frame Fixing bolts

Standard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grade 1.4401 (316; A4).

Long taper countersunk pegs

Grout

Door

Concrete structure

Frame Invert seal TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER

10

FLUSH INVERT SECTION & REBATE

SERIES 60 - 30

Operating Stems
Alternative materials can be supplied for operating stems and extensions.

Alternative Frame
Alternative half frame gates are also available.

Methods of Operation
The method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive. (See page 26)

FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct

A 150 (6") 200 (8") 225 (9") 250 (10") 300 (12") 350 (14") 400 (16") 450 (18") 500 (20") 600 (24") 700 (28") 750 (30") 800 (32") 900 (36") 1100 (44") B 345 395 420 445 495 565 615 665 715 815 915 965 C 465 565 615 665 765 885 985 1085 1185 1385 1610 1710 D 55 55 55 55 55 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 E F G H J 430 290 330 365 440 510 585 660 375 435 510 560 585 K 240 250 265 290 330 355 380 360 450 525 550 600 360 420 450 500 380 525 560 450 500 375 460 L 405 455 530 555 580 615 665 735 785 340 560 590 450 600 650 505 M 630 680 730 780 835 650 700 565 800 650 735 N 840 725 775 645 400 650 945

HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem

P 105 105 105 130 130 130 160 130 160 R 815 600 260 420 S 840 800 V 250 250 250 250 250 250 W 575 675 725 775 875 995 Y Z AA AB 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 AC 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 13 13 13 15 15 17 18 20 22 AG 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 20 20
11

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 65 113 - 300 65 113 - 350 65 113 - 375 65 113 - 400 65 113 - 450 70 127 - 515 70 129 - 565 70 131 - 615 70 138 - 665 70 142 - 765 75 156 - 865 75 158 - 915 75 160 - 965

250 1095 250 1195 250 1290 250 1490 250 1715 250 1815 250 1915 250 2115 400 2325

1015 1810 1115 2010

75 164 - 1065 360 105 188 - 1165 400 105 195 - 1265 450 105 205 - 1365 500 105 233 - 1465 380 105 240 - 1620 525 105 245 - 1720 560 113 234 - 1820 450 217 370 - 1920 600 222 380 - 2020 375 247 420 - 2280 305

1000 (40") 1215 2210 100 1315 2410 130 1200 (48") 1415 2610 130 1300 (52") 1515 2810 130 1400 (56") 1700 3035 160 1500 (60") 1800 3235 160 1600 (64") 1900 3440 160 1700 (68") 2000 4075 190 1800 (72") 2100 3860 160 2000 (80") 2380 4715 210

400 2525 500 1175 120 400 2725 550 1275 120 400 2725 600 1375 120 650 1490 140 700 1590 140 750 1690 140 1000 1880 140 1000 1980 140 500 2210 140

5
Cast Iron Series 90 - 60
AWWA C560 (Imperial)

Sealing Faces
Bronze-ASTM B21, ASTM B138, ASTM B98, ASTM B139 or ASTM B584, all per AWWA C560-07, are supplied as standard materials bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge nonacceptance. The sealing face is tted into a machined groove and xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk (screws) pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

DESCRIPTION - For the USA Market

The Series 90 - 60 is a rectangular metal faced sluice/slide gate suitable for wall mounting, with on-seating heads up to 30' and off-seating heads up to 20' as standard with modication higher heads available. Sluice/slide gates for seating duties are supplied with side wedges only. Off-seating applications may require bottom and/or top wedges in addition to side wedges, depending on the operating conditions. Flush invert sluice/slide gates are supplied as standard. Flush invert with wall xed or embedded inverts are standard.

Wedges
Constructed in Cast Iron (as above) and faced with bronze - ASTM B584, to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Door Thrust Nut, gate actuator lift nut

Manufactured from Bronze - ASTM B584, ASTM B505.

Door Stem Block, Stem couplings

Manufactured from Stainless Steel - ASTM A276, type 304 or 316.

OPTIONS

Fasteners
Standard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel - ASTM F593 or ASTM 594, alloy group 1 or group 2.

Flush invert standard (eliminating grit traps) An extensive range of operating gear can be utilised Faced wedges available in the same material as the sealing faces Fixing bolts supplied as standard Seals and Sealing faces comply to AWWA C560 standard, seals tted into a machined groove and secured with long taper countersunk screws in the same material as the sealing face, then machined at. Obtaining a long lasting superior product. Square or rectangular apertures only Wall mounted only, thimbles not required (see page 6) Full and half frames available

Alternative Materials
Alternative materials can be supplied for operating stems, sealing faces, fasteners etc.

Methods of Operation
The method of operation will depend on several factors, which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive, and can be provided to meet clients requirements. (See page 26) For square gates with apertures up to 14" respectively, the wedge bars/blocks are cast integrally with the frame into which stainless steel jacking screws are tted to provide the wedging effect onto the door when it is in closed position. Sluice gates with a ush invert resilient seal do not require bottom wedges. (Fig. 3.) For OFF seating pressures wedges are mounted across the soft of the frame to mate with adjustable top wedges on the door when required. (Fig 2.)

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Frame, Yoke, Pedestals, Thrust housings
Constructed in Cast Iron-ASTM A126, class B or C; or ASTM A48, class 30; or ductile iron-ASTM A536.

Door
Constructed in Cast-Iron ASTM A126, class B or C; or ASTM A48 class 30; or ductile iron-ASTM A536 designed to withstand seating heads up too 30', and 20' off-seating. Higher head designs available if needed and requested.

12

SERIES 90 - 60

Typical arrangement of a rectangular gate with micro-adjustable top, side and bottom wedges

Fig.1
DOOR SEALING FACES INVERT

Fig.2 Fig.
BB FRAME PENSTOCK SPINDLE
(NON RISING TYPE SHOWN)

Fig.3
DOOR
TAPERED TOP WEDGE ON DOOR BRIDGE ON FRAME

TAPERED BOTTOM WEDGE MICRO-ADJUSTABLE SCREW JACK D + 25 FRAME

45

FLEXIBLE SEAL
SEALING FACES DOOR MICRO-ADJUST JACKING SCREW

FRAME

600 min

Bottom-wedge arrangement Section ZZ chase details

Top-wedge & bridge arrangement part section xx

Flush Invert

E
F
WHEN REQUIRED

F E

WHEN REQUIRED C

BB R

OPENING DEPTH / DIAMETER

DEPTH

DIAMETER

O DI PE AM N ET ING ER

INVERT

WIDTH G A

INVERT

OPENING WIDTH T U A V

DIAMETER A

WHEN CIRCULAR, APERTURE REQUIRED

Gate sizes 6"sq x 18"sq

Gate Sizes 20"sq x 80"sq open or closed top

P H

H I

J K

13

14

OPENING A USA GATE OPENINGS DIMENSIONS IN INCHES 14 11 11 11 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.9 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 15.7 3 9.8 2.2 4.9 14.8 15 25 2.2 14.8 3.9 3.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 13 13 15 3 23.6 23.6 23.6 3 3 13 15 13 15 13 14.6 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.5 21.7 2.6 23.4 5.5 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.6 15.6 27.2 5.5 13.8 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.8 5.5 28.3 5.5 14.6 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.6 5.5 29.9 5.5 15 15 15 15 15 15 5.5 1.8 13.4 4.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 2.8 13.4 4.9 13.2 13.4 13.4 13.2 14.4 4.9 14.2 14.4 14.4 14.2 2.2 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1.1 1.1

HALF FULL

DIA 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

14.6 18.1

2.2

4.1

2.2 11.8

15.7 22.4

2.6

4.7

2.4 13.8 17.7

10

18.5

27

4.9

2.8 16.1

12

20.5 31.1

4.9

2.5 18.1

14

23.2

35

3.5

4.9

2.5 20.9 13.8 11.8

16

26.4 39.6

4.3

4.9

2.6

24

15.4 15.7

18

28

44.7

3.9

5.9

3.5 25.6 11.6 18.9

20

31.5 39.2 10.6 4.7

8.3

4.3 29.1 19.7 15.7

24

35.4 38.8

22

5.9

8.7

4.7 32.7 9.6 11.8 13.2

28

39.4 44.7 22.4 5.9

8.7

4.7 36.6 11.6 13.8 15.2

32 13 13

43.3 50.6 22.8 5.9

8.7

4.7 40.6 13.6 15.7 17.1

36

47.2 58.5 23.2 5.9

8.7

4.7 44.5 9.6 11.8 11.8 21.1

40

51.2 66.3 23.6 5.9

8.7

4.7 48.4 11.2

44

56.7 70.3 28.5 7.5

9.3

5.3 53.1 13.6 16.3 16.3 19.7

48

60.6 74.2 35.2 7.5

9.3

5.3 57.1 14.8 17.7 17.7 19.7

52

64.8 80.1

36

7.5

9.3

5.3

61

11.6 14.2 14.2 14.2 21.7

15.7 2.6 15.4 4.9 15.2 15.4 15.4 15.2 15.7 2.6 19.5 4.9 19.7 2.6 20.7 4.9 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 21.7 2.6 22.4 5.5 14.6

56

68.5

88

35.2 7.5

9.3

5.3

65

12.6 15.2 15.2 15.2 25.6

60

72.4 91.9 41.7 7.5

9.3

5.3 68.9 13.6 16.1 16.1 16.1 25.6

63

78.7 97.8 42.5 9.4

9.4

5.5

74

14.6 17.1 17.1 17.1 27.6

67

82.7 105.7 42.8 9.4

9.4

5.5

78

11.6 14.2 14.2 14.2 15.7 31.5

71

86.6 109.6 49.1 9.4

9.4

5.5 81.9 12.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.1 29.5

75

90.6 115.6 49.2 9.4

9.4

5.5 85.8 12.8 15.7 15.7 15.7 17.7 31.5

SERIES 90 - 60

79

94.5 123.4 49.6 9.4

9.4

5.5 89.8 13.6 16.5 16.5 16.5 18.5 35.4

6
Cast Iron Series 160-80
Metric sizes only

Wedges
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Flush Invert
The resilient ush invert seal is bolted onto the frame invert member. The seal is manufactured from Ethylene Propylene Di-Methyl (EPDM).

DESCRIPTION
The Series 160-80 is a rectangular metal faced gate suitable for wall and thimble mounting, seating heads up to 16 meters and off-seat heads up to 8 meters. Gates for seating duties are supplied with side wedges only; off-seating applications may require bottom and/or top wedges in addition to side wedges depending on the operating conditions. Chased invert gates are supplied as a standard. Flush invert can be supplied when specied. Conventional wedges are positioned around the frame as required to suit the duty. The wedges apply a force to the door in the closed position. During the opening and closing travel the door is retained by integral guides in the frame.

Thrust Housing (direct operation)

Manufactured in cast iron to BS 1561 min. 250 with low friction thrust washer and lubricator.

Door Nut
Manufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications, or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stems.

Fasteners
Standard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grade 1.4401 (316; A4).

Alternative Materials
Alternative materials can be supplied for operating stems, sealing faces, fasteners etc.

OPTIONS

Methods of Operation
The method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive, which can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26)

Flush invert An extensive range of operating gear can be utilised Faced wedges available in the same material as the sealing faces Fixing bolts supplied on request Sealing faces can be secured to satisfy the requirements of BS 7775 and AWWA C560 Circular apertures (sealing faces remain rectangular) Full and half frames available Available up to 5000mm square

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Frame

Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron. Large contact area wedge Door Sealing faces Long taper countersunk pegs Concrete structure Securing Studs Adjusting Pins Frame Fixing bolts Grout

Door
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron designed to withstand seating heads up to 16 meters, and 8 meters off-seating.

Sealing Faces
Phosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance. The sealing face is xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER

15

SERIES 160 - 80

SIZE RANGE 150 TO 1500mm Sq. Dia. (Refer to both tables) A N R S T U V W Y AA AB DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 150 280 45 275 160 6 45 200 330 45 300 235 6 45 250 380 45 375 260 6 60 300 430 45 425 310 6 60 350 510 65 240 320 280 8 60 400 560 65 265 345 330 8 60 450 610 65 290 365 385 8 60 500 660 65 315 400 425 8 60 600 760 65 365 450 525 8 60 700 940 80 425 625 625 8 75 750 990 80 450 650 650 8 75 800 1040 80 480 700 700 8 75 900 1140 80 700 600 600 8 75 1000 1240 80 750 750 750 8 75 1100 1340 100 830 810 810 600 1225 11 75 1200 1440 100 900 900 900 600 1325 11 75 1300 1540 100 400 650 900 900 650 1450 13 75 1400 1640 100 700 500 900 900 650 1550 13 75 1500 1740 100 700 600 900 900 750 1650 15 75
AE No. holes left in Wall AB sq. x AC deep for AD dia. xing bolts Central xing hole on sizes 1100mm and above.

AC 100 100 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

AD 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

AE 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 11 11 11

AF

AG 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

190 190 190 190 190

Flanged back type illustrated.

AA No. holes left in Wall.

HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem A 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
16

FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct F H J 210 235 235 235 290 290 395 395 395 395 400 510 490 480 550 600 K 510 595 710 810 920 1020 1120 1240 1440 1830 1930 2030 2230 2430 2630 2830 L 250 250 250 250 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 M 635 735 835 935 1045 1145 1245 1365 1565 1935 2035 2135 2335 2535 2735 2935

B 320 370 420 470 580 630 680 730 830 1020 1070 1120 1220 1320 1420 1520 1620 1720 1820

C 425 525 625 725 835 935 1035 1155 1350 1710 1810 1910 2110 2310 2510 2710 2910 3110 3310

D 225 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 900 1050 1125 1200 1350 1500 1650 1800 1950 2100 2250

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 90 75 70 120 90 75 70 135 90 75 70 120 90 75 70 125 115 100 70 170 115 100 70 175 115 100 70 175 115 100 90 185 115 125 90 190 160 125 135 250 160 125 135 255 160 125 135 265 160 125 135 275 160 125 135 280 160 125 135 280 160 125 135 290 160 125 135 295 160 125 135 300 160 125 135 310

SERIES 160 - 80

SIZE RANGE 1600 to 3000mm Sq. or Dia. (Refer to both tables)

Steel cross beams

AB No. holes left in Wall

Recommended lifting holes

FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct

Invert

A 1600 1700 1800 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 3000

B 2000 2100 2200 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3400

C 3550 3750 3950 4350 4550 4750 4950 5150 5250 6350

D 2430 2580 2730 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 4530

d 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230

K 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 130

L 465 760 860 900 950 950 950 1000 1000 930

M 860 720 720 800 850 950 950 1000 1000 880

N 775 720 700 750 800 800 900 850 950 880

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 120 180 350 550 1900 120 180 355 560 200 120 180 360 570 2100 120 180 370 580 2300 120 180 375 590 2400 120 180 380 600 2500 120 200 385 625 2600 120 200 390 625 2700 120 200 395 650 2800 120 200 420 700 3300
Recommended lifting holes

Sizes up to 5000mm Sq. Details upon request.

AB No. holes left in Wall

HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem

Invert

A 1600 1700 1800 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 3000

P 650 350 420 550 550 600 650 700 800 840

Q 800 600 625 675 700 725 750 800 800 950

R 600 625 675 700 725 750 800 800 950

S 950

Y 650 675 700 800 850 900 500 550 600 750

AA 500 550 600 700

AB 17 19 19 19 19 19 21 21 21 26

Ab 13 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 17 22

AC 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 900
17

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 500 150 1750 525 150 1850 550 150 1950 600 150 2150 625 150 2250 650 150 2350 675 150 2450 700 150 2550 700 150 2650 *300 600 500 150 3150

1. No hole on centre line (marked*)

7
Cast Iron Weir Gates
DESCRIPTION
Weir gates are utilised in water and sewage plants for accurate regulation or measurement of ow. Operation of the weir gate is opposite to that of a conventional sluice/slide gate, with the door opening downwards.

Pressure Plates
Adjustable cast iron pressure plates are used as an alternative to side bars on certain sizes of weir gate.

Alternative Materials
A wide range of alternative materials can be supplied for pressure adjusters, operating stem, fasteners etc.

Fasteners
Standard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grade 1.4401 (316; A4).

Door Nut
Manufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications; or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for non rising stems.

OPTIONS

Alternative trim materials Face plate on door Fixing bolts supplied if requested Clear opening type gate (no ow restriction by stem)

Methods of Operation
The method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive and can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26) The following types of weir gates are manufactured: Type A weir gates of the screw-down variety with rising or non-rising stems, the stem operates through a nut which is either housed in the door for the non-rising types or housed in handwheel, gearbox or actuator for the rising types. Type B Screw-down weir gates with unobstructed openings, the rising stem is attached to a horizontal lifting beam above the opening and operates the door by lifting rods tted to each side of the door. For accurate measurement of ow, Type B weir gates are recommended because the stem does not obstruct the ow over the weir. Indicators with metric or imperial graduations can be tted for the application.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Size Range
The weir gate series is available in both square and rectangular apertures; the size range available is extensive and details are available on request.

Frame
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron for wall mounting applications. The sealing face is xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

Door
Constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed to withstand seating and off seating pressure as required. Door sealing face as standard is machined cast iron. When required door can be fully faced with copper alloy. Option for perimeter sealing (fully closed position) only.

Stem Weir Edge Stem Door Lifting Beam Lifting Rod Sealing Faces Weir Edge Side Bar Pressure Plates Door TYPE B

Sealing Faces
Phosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance. The sealing face is xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

Pressure Adjusters
Manufactured from BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron.

Side Bars
During operation a force is applied to the sealing faces by springs positioned along the side of the frame. Side Bar Pressure Plates TYPE A
18

8
Stainless Steel Fabricated Slide Gates
AWWA C561

Invert
A ush invert is utilised as standard on the Fabricated Stainless Steel Series (to ensure a smooth ow with a positive seal and allowing complete drainage at the invert of the gate.

W Wedging / Pressure Pad Assembly

An adjustable wedging or pressure pad assembly is included within the design to accommodate specied duties, wear in service and ensure a positive seal.

DESCRIPTION
The Fabricated Stainless Steel Gate is a rectangular faced gate designed to meet the ever changing uid handling demands of customers, combining the latest in gate design and parametrics software. The generic gate design, which is tailored using parametrics software, develops and individualises the gate to suit specic duty and aperture requirements. The Fabricated Stainless Steel Series also offers greatly enhanced levels of customer service, reduced design drawing turnaround, improved reply to enquires and an enhanced delivery performance.

Stem
Rising or non-rising type in stainless steel to 304 or 316 grades. Extension stems are in the same material.

Frame Yoke
Frame yokes are tted when thrust is required to be taken by the frame and positioned to allow removal of the door. The yoke material is the same material as for the frame.

Fixing Bolts
Can be supplied when requested.

OPTIONS

Size Range 400mm2 upto 3000mm2

MOUNTING
Wall Channel Side Wall

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Frame
Open top and full frame versions are available. The frames are manufactured from stainless steel 304L or 316L grades.

Door
Design for high impact whilst incorporating a lightweight single skin design with rib reinforcing manufactured in stainless steel to 304L or 316L grades. The number of reinforcing ribs will vary according to the specic duty and size requirements.

Sealing Faces
The sealing arrangements combine the use of resilient and or synthetic materials.

19

9
Composite2 Series 50 - 40
AWWA C563

DESCRIPTION
The Composite2 Series 50-40 (in the USA better known as Coplastix) is a rectangular faced sluice/slide gate designed and manufactured to suit industrial and domestic efuent environments. Utilization of the latest synthetic materials: for sealing mechanisms and door construction combined with the use of steel or stainless steel in the construction of the gate frame. Gates suitable for use in water, sewage and efuent treatments plants. Available for wall, channel and special mounting arrangements, provided with either manual or power actuators, manufactured in sizes ranging from 12" to 120" square as standard, with smaller or larger sizes available upon request. (In the USA Coplastix is trade named by Ashbrook Corp. in other parts of the World it is trade named by Ham Baker).

environment: seawater, potable water (NSF61) or sewage application, stainless steel - natural nish. The gate frames for both wall and channel mounting (downward closing) have a resilient ush invert seal to allow smooth transmission of the ow through the orice. Weir gates (downward opening) are the same gates with frames rotated 180 degrees and the stem going through the frame invert.

Frame Seals
The sealing arrangements for the Composite2 Series 50-40 gates combine the use of resilient and low friction synthetic materials, which ensures a high degree of sealing with easy movement.

Doors
Doors are manufactured as a composite sandwich construction comprising a lightweight rigid, cellular core with a fully welded steel box section matrix between two other skins of rigid, compressed composite plastic which has internal Kevlar (Aramid) reinforcing bers. Ultra violet stabilised, rigid and non toxic. All materials are chemically bonded and sealed. Doors for non-rising stem gates have a stainless steel lining tube inside the central vertical box section of the inner matrix.

Stem
Rising or non-rising type in stainless steel (304) or (316) with extension stems in the same material as standard.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Frames
Frames are manufactured from A36 carbon steel and epoxy coated or stainless steel grades 304L or 316L. Carbon steel frames are coated to suit there installed

Frame Yokes
Frame yokes form an integral part of the frame and are positioned to allow removal of the door should this be necessary. The yoke material is the same as for the frame.

Fig.1

Invert Rebate Details

RANGE J T V W X DIMENSIONS IN INCHES SMALL 4 2 3.15 6.5 8.5 MEDIUM 4.75 2.35 3.15 7.75 9.25 LARGE 5.75 3.15 4 9.5 11.5

20

COMPOSITE2 SERIES 50 - 40 Fig.2

ADJUSTABLE SEAL

HOLES FOR WALL FIXING FRAME

Fig.3
SEAL ADJUSTER

ADJUST ABLE SEAL

FIXED SEAL DOOR

'X'

SEAL ADJUSTER FIXED SEAL DOOR GROUT FLEXIBLE SEAL

SEALING FACES COPLASTIX 'S'

DOOR

GROUT FLEXIBLE SEAL

BACKING STRIP COPLASTIX 'N'

SMALL RANGE = 80
CONCRETE GROUT OPENING WIDTH 'A'

MEDIUM RANGE =95 LARGE RANGE = 125

Section showing invert seal arrangement for wall mounted gate with recess

Section showing side seal arrangement for wall mounted gate

Section showing invert seal arrangement for wall mounted gate without recess

Stem Lift Nuts

The stem nuts are phosphor bronze stainless steel. For non-rising stems, the nut is housed in a stainless steel bracket secured to top of the gate door. For rising stems, the nut is housed in the operator and is bronze.

WEIR (Downward Opening)

Composite2 weir gates are constructed as described for the wall mounted type other than the stem is secured to the lower edge of the gate door via a stainless steel bracket, thus permitting maximum inhibited ow over the upper weir edge of the door. Flush invert does not apply for weir gates, however top seals can be tted. The sealing arrangements for the Composite2 gates combine the use of resilient and low friction synthetic materials which ensures a high degree of sealing with easy movement.

Fixing Bolts
Are supplied in stainless steel grade 316.

Pressure Pads
Adjustable pressure pads are tted as standard and pre-set at the works to provide maximum degree of water tightness.

Fig.4
'J' SOFFIT (TOP OF DOOR) 'L'

Fig.5
FRAME

OPENING DEPTH 'B'

OPENING DEPTH 'B'

'G'

100

INVERT

'E'

'F'

'H' No. HOLES TO SUIT HD BOLTS

INVERT

HOLES FOR WALL FIXING

SEALING FACES COPLASTIX 'S'

DOOR

BACKING STRIP COPLASTIX 'N'

'G'

CONCRETE

GROUT

25 GROUT

OPENING WIDTH 'A' 'C' CRS 'D'

'K'

'M'

OPENING WIDTH 'A'

Overall dimensions diagram of weir gates

Section showing side seals arrangement for weir products

21

10
Technical Details
For USA NSF61 and Wastewater needs, comparable systems are provided.

PREPARATION AND PROTECTIVE COATING

The following coating systems are offered by Ham Baker as standard. PS42 - POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONS 1) Grit Blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5. 2) 3 coats 2 pack Black High Build Epoxy (COPON KSIR88 OR EQUAL), each coat to be 100 microns average dry lm thickness.

Giving a nal coating thickness of 300 microns. This is a 2 pack Epoxy high performance coating system with WRAS approval for use in Potable water. PS46 - ALL OTHER APPLICATIONS 1) Grit Blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5. 2) 1 coat 2 pack Black High Build Epoxy (COPON KSIR88 OR EQUAL), the coat to be 150 microns average dry lm thickness. Giving a nal coating thickness of 150 microns. This is a 2pack Epoxy high performance coating system developed in conjunction with the paint manufacturer to give optimum performance in all none potable applications.

Standard Paint Specication PS42 - High Build 2 Pack

Epoxy Coating System with WRAS approval for all materials.

Application
Seawater/Potable/Seawater: Cast Iron and Mild Steel below Floor/ Operating level.

Surface Treatment
1. Grit blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5 2. 3 Coat of 2 pack black High Build Epoxy Final coating thickness: 300 microns average dry lm thickness. This coating has been tested to BS 6920 and has been approved by WRAS for use in water intended for human consumption. 1. Grit blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5 2. 1 Coat of 2 pack black High Build Epoxy Final coating thickness: 150 microns average dry lm thickness. This coating has good resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage. Is unaffected by fuel oil, chemical products, aviation fuel and sour gas mixtures. It is also suitable for use up to a 120C dry heat.

PS46 - High Build 2 Pack

Epoxy Coating System.

Seawater/Potable/Seawater: Cast Iron and Mild Steel below Floor/ Operating level.

Note on paint specications: Average of paint thickness readings taken over a square meter should equal or exceed the dened thickness stipulated. In no case should any reading be less than 75% of the stipulated thickness.

SIZES
BS7775 Specication for Penstocks provides useful information regarding sizes for gates. Gates are suitable for three shapes of aperture Square Rectangular Circular Standard Rectangular Gates have an aspect ratio (width divided by depth) between 0.5 and 2. Gates outside this range can be considered but will be special designs.

2. Discharge through an orice

This type of ow occurs where a gate controls ow into or out of a tank or other large container. If the gate is fully submerged, the ow through an open or partially open gate and its associated civil engineering structure opening will be given by q = CA (2gH)

Where

q is the discharge rate - cubic meters per second C is a discharge coefcient generally taken to be 0.7 A is the aperture area - square meters The aperture area is the gate opening if the gate is fully open. If the gate is not fully open, the aperture area will be reduced. H is the differential head at the centre of the opening - meters The differential head is the difference between the upstream and down stream water levels. g is the acceleration due to gravity - 9.81 m/s2 For example a gate 1.5 meters wide by 2 meters deep with a 6 meter differential head at the centre of the door will discharge 22.8 cubic meters per second.

Cast Iron Circular gates below 600mm to 1000mm in diameter, depending on type, have a circular sealing face. For all other circular gates the sealing face is as a square gate.

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
1. General
Gates are installed in civil engineering structures. When a gate is fully open, the head loss attributable to the gate alone is generally quite small compared to the losses due to the civil engineering structure. An exception to this is a channel mounted gate where the top water level is above the top of the door opening.
22

TECHNICAL DETAILS

A graph of a range of discharges for different gate apertures and differential heads is shown below.

4. Weir Gates
Weir Gates behave in their discharge capability as a rectangular weir with partial end contractions, the extent of the end contraction being inuenced by the civil engineering design in the locality of the weir. An approximation to the discharge is given by Q = 1.73 WH1.5

Fig. 1 - Graph of Discharge against Head

Where

Q is the discharge rate - cubic meters per second W is the width of the weir opening - meters H is the head at the weir crest - meters For example a weir 2 meters wide having a water depth of 200mm (0.2m) at the crest will discharge 0.31 cubic meters per second. If the weir is used as a ow measuring or control device reference should be made to BS 3680-4A:1981 Methods of measurement of liquid ow in open channels. Weirs and umes. Methods using thin plate weirs for channel design and relative water levels.

LEAKAGE
Ham Baker gates will be virtually drop-tight at their working pressure if installation has been carried out correctly. Leakage rates are inuenced by The head The seating direction, on or off The correct installation of the gate Time

3. Channel mounted gates

If a channel mounted gate is fully open and the top of the gate opening is above the water level in the channel, then the head loss results from disturbed ow in the rebates in the channel walls in which the gate frame is mounted. These losses can generally be disregarded provided that the channel is not obstructed. Channel mounted gates usually have ush inverts. When a gate is in a channel and is partially closed, or the water level is above the top of the door opening, the calculations are complex. Reference should be made to a suitable publication on civil engineering hydraulics.

An on-seating gate will leak less with increasing head. An off-seating gate will leak more with an increasing head. Gates subject to an on-seating head seal more tightly than those subject to an off-seating head. If the gate is installed so that the frame is twisted, then the leakage rate will increase. Gates should be installed by experienced contractors and mounted on grout. Over the course of time after closure of the gate, the leakage rate will decrease as leakage paths are blocked by small pieces of debris in the water. From the above it is clear that if leakage is required to be minimised, then the gate should be congured so that it is on-seating.

References
Open Channel Hydraulics By V T Chow McGraw-Hill Education Open Channel Flow By F M Henderson Macmillan USA Hydraulic Gates and Valves in Free Surface Flow and Submerged Outlets By J Lewin British Nuclear Energy Society

23

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Allowable Leakage Rates

Leakage rates are dened by the amount of water which leaks through a 1 meter length of seal in 1 minute. BS 7775:1995 leakage rates apply to gates subject to a head of 6 meters or less and widths of 2 meters or less. Gates with metal seals (Cast Iron Gates) The allowable leakage rates listed are derived from BS 7775 Specication for Gates and AWWA C56007 AWWA Standard for Cast Iron Sluice Gates as appropriate, shown in (gpm/ft) On-seating head Any head Allowable leakage rate 1.25 litres/min/m (0.1gpm/ft)

the test. Tests shall be carried out over a period of 30 minutes.

FOUNDATION LOADS AND OPERATING FORCES

Precise foundation loads can be given by Ham Baker once a gate has been specied. As a guide to the foundation loads to be expected, the following formulae can be used. A gate exerts two types of load on the civil engineering structure. Hydrostatic Operating

Off-seating head Allowable leakage rate Up to 6 meters 2.5 litres/min/m (0.2gpm/ft) Up to 9 meters 3.0 litres/min/m Up to 12 meters 3.75 litres/min/m Up to 15 meters 4.5 litres/min/m Leakage rates for off-seating heads greater than 15 meters will be advised on request. Gates with resilient rubber or plastic seals On-seating head Up to 5 meters Off-seating head Up to 4 meters Allowable leakage rate 0.5 litres/min/m (0.1gpm/ft) Allowable leakage rate 0.5 litres/min/m (0.1gpm/ft)

Note on heads.
Heads for gates are specied to the invert in BS 7775. These heads can be used conservatively for these calculations. More accurately, the head at the centre of the door should be used, this is the head at the invert less half the door depth.

1. Hydrostatic Force.
The hydrostatic load F is the force of the water against the gate door, which will be transferred to the civil engineering structure by the gate frame. This force acts horizontally. The force F is given by (approximately) F=10HA where F is in units of kN H is the maximum differential head at the centre of the door - meters. This should be the worst case which could occur. A is the door area in square meters For example a 1.5 meter square door with a head at the centre of the door of 6 meters will experience a hydrostatic force of F= 10 x 6 x 1.52 that is F=135 kN

For example, a 1500mm wide by 2000mm deep cast iron gate subject to an off-seating head of 9 meters would have a seal periphery of 2(1.5+2) = 7m and allowable leakage rate of 3.0 litres/min/m. Therefore maximum allowable leakage rate = 7 x 3 = 21 litres/min.

On-site Leakage Test According to BS 7775 & AWWA C560, 561 & 563
Before a site leakage test is undertaken the installer shall ensure that the gate and its associated operating equipment have been correctly installed and xed in position. Gates and associated operating equipment shall be installed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Final adjustments to the gate shall be made and all moving parts shall be operated through one complete open and shut cycle to conrm proper operation before the leakage test commences. Measurement of the liquid loss through the seals shall be carried out in such a way that any leaks from between the gate frame and the structure shall not affect the result of
24

2. Operating Force
This is the force required to open and close the gate door. The civil engineering structure will experience this load where the gate operating device is connected to the civil engineering structure and the gate frame is connected to the civil engineering structure. However the civil engineering structure will not experience this force if the gate operating device is connected directly to the gate or the thrust reaction is taken at the top of the gate frame.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

The normal operating force of the gate P can be taken as rst approximation as P= 0.5F kN where F is dened above

an auxiliary method of operation, the handwheel effort is limited to 250N if this is reasonable. Although the handwheel effort can be limited to 250N in most cases, this increases the complexity of the gate drive. For larger gates (above about 2000mm square) manual operation of the actuator for a full stroke of the door is not practicable due to the excessive number of turns required. If the gate must be operable in the case of electrical failure, provision can be made for an auxiliary power device such as a mobile internal combustion engine power pack.

This force acts vertically and can be up or down. For example the 1.5 meter square door with a head at the centre of the door of 6 meters considered above will have an operating force P= 0.5 x 135 = 67.5kN In addition to the normal operating condition, a fault condition Pf (e.g. actuator limit switch failure, or excessive force applied to the operating hand wheel) should be considered. Pf = 2F kN where F is dened above

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
BS EN 1092-2 : 1997 Flanges and their joints; Circular anges for pipes, valves, ttings and accessories; PN designated; Cast Iron Flanges Founding - Grey Cast Irons Copper and Copper Alloys : Ingots and Castings Specication for Penstocks Hot rolled products of non-alloy structured steels. Technical delivery conditions. Copper and Copper Alloys : Proles and rectangular bar for general purposes. Standard for Cast Iron sluice gates Standard for Fabricated Stainless Steel Slide Gates Standard for Fabricated Composite Slide Gates

BS EN 1561 : 1997 BS EN 1982 : 1999 BS 7775 : 1995 BS EN 10025 : 1993

The operator generates a torque, but the forces associated with this can be neglected for a rst approximation. The weight of the gate is usually secondary to the operating force, except for low head applications.

STEM DIAMETER
This is determined by many factors, included in these are The stem should not fail due to yield or buckling during normal operation. The stem should not fail due to yielding under the worst fault condition. The slenderness ratio of the stem should be less than 250 or 200 if specied. The slenderness ratio is the length of a stem section between guides divided by a quarter of the stem diameter. The stem should be self-sustaining (that is the weight of the gate door should not back-drive the stem through its power screw.

BS EN 12167 : 1998

ANSI/ ANSI/AWWA C560 ANSI/ ANSI/AWWA C561 ANSI/ ANSI/AWWA C563

HANDWHEEL AND TEE KEY EFFORT

The efforts considered below are for normal operation of the gate against the specied heads. For a manually operated gate the handwheel effort is limited to 250 N (55 lbf) as a single pull on the rim unless otherwise specied. A Tee Key is usually 500mm across the handle and has a push/pull effort limited to 125N thus generating a torque of 62.5 Nm.

Special designs for non-standard sizes and high heads are available in CAST IRON COMPOSITE STAINLESS STEEL

MANUAL OPERATION OF ELECTRIC ACTUATORS

Where a handwheel is tted to an electric actuator as
25

11
Operating Gear
SELECTION

Remote operation Thrust direct on frame Non-rising extension systems

Floor pillar with bevel gear box Floor pillar with electric actuator

Indicating oor pillar with handwheel

Floor pillar with handwheel on wall/coping bracket

Handwheel with deck stufng box Cap direct on stem in surface box

Handwheel direct on stem with guide plate

Extension stem Stem coupling

Screwed operating stem

Non-rising stem rotate

through a non-ferrous nut in the gate door. The screwed portion of the stem at the bottom is probably immersed in the water/ efuent etc.

Door Guide

Full Frame
Wedges Door Nut

Used where thrust reaction is accommodated at the top of the frame.

Door

26

OPERATING GEAR

SELECTION

Remote operation Thrust remote from frame Rising extension systems

Floor pillar with handwheel and rising extension stem with/without protection tube

Hydraulic or pneumatic linear actuator

Floor pillar with electric actuator and rising extension stem with protection tube

Floor pillar with bevel gearbox and rising extension stem with/without protection tube

Floor pillar with handwheel and rising extension stem on wall bracket with/without protection tube

Operating stem Stem coupling

Stem guide

Door guide

Rising stems are connected to the gate door via the door nut and work through a revolving non-ferrous nut located in the operating gear. The screw thread at the top of the stem is generally not immersed and is readily accessible for lubrication.

Door nut

Half Frame
Wedges

Used where thrust reaction is accommodated at a point other than the top of the frame.

Door

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