NVH ANALYSIS IN AUTOMOBILES

NOISE
Noise is a audible sound generated in vehicle or any other system including engine, driveline, tire contact patch and road surface, brakes, clutches, gearbox , cooling fan etc. It can be measured

VIBRATIONS
They are very low frequency energy propagations thro a medium They are produced in the driveline and The medium of vibration can be any part of a vehicle. They can be measured and controlled. .

HARSHNESS
Harshness is a combination of NOISE and VIBRATIONS which creates an uncomfortable feeling in occupants of that vehicle. They just can be felt and can be JURY evaluated

WHAT IS NVH
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), also known as noise and vibration (N&V), is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks.

NVH Types
Interior NVH deals with noise and vibration experienced by the occupants of the cabin, while Exterior NVH is largely concerned with the noise radiated by the vehicle, and includes drive-by noise testing

NVH SOURCES
They including the engine, driveline, tire contact patch and road surface, brakes, wind. Noise from cooling fans, alternator, and other engine accessories is also fairly common

Why NVH is necessary?

Noise Pollution CMVR, CPCB & NCNPC Customer Awareness Of Vehicle Ride Comfort Marketability Trend Towards Higher Power And Smaller Size Power trains. Sound Quality Design Optimization Consistency In Production

NVH Classification
By Noise Type By Vehicle Systems Vehicle Components

By NOISE Type
Road NVH Wind Noise Powertrain/Driveline NVH Squeak /Rattle

By VEHICLE Systems

Body NVH Chassis NVH

By VEHICLE Components
Climate Control System Wipers Seat Motors Switches

NVH Analysis
Noise contributions from various systems #Fan and Radiator Assembly 10% # Drive Line 14% # Engine -21% # Intake System-14% # Exhaust System 32% # Structural Components- 10% # Miscelleneous-3%

Automotive Noise Sources-Levels and Frequency Bands

Noise Sources-Levels

Actual Testing Of PASS BY NOISE of a VEHICLE

Instruments Needed
Sensors * microphone * hydrophones * accelerometers Data Acquisition Devices * analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), * anti-aliasing filters * signal conditioning

ACOUSTICS
Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound, ultrasound and infrasound (all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids). The word "acoustic" is derived from the Greek word (akoustikos), meaning "of or for hearing, ready to hear"

Solutions For Improving Noise

reducing the source strength, as in making a noise source quieter with a muffler, or improving the balance of a rotating mechanism; interrupting the noise or vibration path, with barriers absorption of the noise or vibration energy, as for example with foam noise absorbers

VIBRATIONS
Vibration refers to mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point. The oscillations may be periodic such as the motion of a pendulum or random such as the movement of a tire on a gravel road.

Types of vibration
Free vibration Forced vibration

Vibration testing
Vibration testing is accomplished by introducing a forcing function into a structure, usually with some type of shaker

Vibration Isolation
Vibration isolation is the process of isolating an object, such as a piece of equipment, from the source of vibrations #Passive isolation #Active isolation #Subframe isolation

Vehicle Ride Comfort

Ride comfort in a vehicle is a subjective perception normally Associated with level of comfort experienced during traveling in a vehicle. Perceived ride is cumulative effect of many factors In the vibration spectrum, Ride - 0 -25 Hz Noise - 25Hz - 20KHz Ride is a tactile and visual vibrations.

Applications
NVH test equipment are used for various applications such as: Engine noise vibration testing Acoustic performance testing Sound power testing Pass by noise testing Telephone testing Environmental noise measurements and noise field mapping Structural dynamics and vibration testing Occupational health and safety

ADVANTAGES
Most comfortable ride Least fatigue More workability of the occupants

Some common examples where NVH Analysis is applied.

VOLVO Busses & Trucks

Mahindra SCORPIO

Tata SAFARI

Conclusions
The need to improve product quality and differentiate from the competition, concerns about human health and safety combined with stringent regulations, create a viable market for NVH.