08 - Device Coordination

Protective Device Coordination
ETAP Star
1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination
Agenda
Concepts & Applications Star Overview Features & Capabilities Protective Device Type TCC Curves STAR Short-circuit PD Sequence of Operation Normalized TCC curves Device Libraries
1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination Slide 2
Definition
Overcurrent Coordination
A systematic study of current responsive devices in an electrical power system.
Slide 3
Objective
To determine the ratings and settings of fuses, breakers, relay, etc. fuses breakers relay etc T isolate the fault or overloads. To i l t th f lt l d
Slide 4
Criteria
Economics Available Measures of Fault Operating Practices Previous Experience p
Slide 5
Design
Open only PD nearest (upstream) of the fault or overload Provide satisfactory protection for overloads Interrupt SC as rapidly (instantaneously) as possible Comply with all applicable standards and codes Plot the Time Current Characteristics of different PDs
Analysis
When: New electrical systems Plant electrical system expansion/retrofits Coordination failure in an existing plant
Slide 7
Spectrum Of Currents
Load Current
U t 100% of f ll l d Up to f full-load 115-125% (mild overload)
Overcurrent
Abnormal loading condition (Locked Rotor) (Locked-Rotor)
Fault Current
Fault condition Ten times the full load current and higher full-load
Protection
Prevent injury to personnel Minimize damage to components
Quickly isolate the affected portion of the system Minimize the magnitude of available short circuit short-circuit
Slide 9
Coordination
Limit the extent and duration of service interruption S l ti f lt i l ti Selective fault isolation Provide alternate circuits
Slide 10
Coordination
C t A C D B D B A
I
Slide 11
Protection vs. Coordination

Coordination is not an exact science Compromise between protection and coordination
Reliability Speed Performance Economics Simplicity
Required Data
One-line diagrams (Relay diagrams) Power Grid Settings Generator Data Transformer Data
Transformer kVA, impedance, and connection Motor Data
Load Data Fault Currents Cable / Conductor Data Bus / Switchgear Data Instrument Transformer Data (CT, PT) Protective Device (PD) Data
Manufacturer and type of protective devices (PDs) One-line diagrams (Relay diagrams)
Slide 13
Study Procedure
Prepare an accurate one-line diagram (relay diagrams) Obtain the available system current spectrum (operating load, overloads, fault kA) Determine the equipment protection guidelines Select the appropriate devices / settings Plot the fixed points (damage curves, ) Obtain / plot the device characteristics curves p Analyze the results
Slide 14
Time Current Characteristics

TCC Curve / Plot / Graphs 4.5 x 5-cycle log-log graph X-axis: Current (0 5 10 000 amperes) (0.5 10,000 Y-axis: Time (.01 1000 seconds) Current Scaling (x1, x10, x100, x100) V lt Voltage S li ( l t kV reference) Scaling (plot f ) Use ETAP Star Auto-Scale
Slide 16
TCC Scaling Example

Situation:
A scaling factor of 10 @ 4.16 kV is selected for TCC curve plots.
Question
What are the scaling factors to plot the 0 48 kV 0.48 and 13.8 kV TCC curves?
Slide 17
TCC Scaling Example

Solution
Slide 18
Fixed Points
Points or curves which do not change regardless of protective device settings: dl f t ti d i tti
Cable damage curves g Cable ampacities T Transformer damage curves & inrush points f d i h i t Motor starting curves Generator damage curve / Decrement curve SC maximum fault points
Capability / Damage Curves

t I22t It
2
I2t
I2t
Motor Gen
Xfmr
Cable
Slide 20
Cable Protection
Standards & References
IEEE Std 835-1994 IEEE Standard Power Cable 835 1994 Ampacity Tables IEEE Std 848-1996 IEEE Standard Procedure for the Determination of the Ampacity Derating of Fire-Protected Cables IEEE Std 738-1993 IEEE Standard for Calculating the CurrentCurrent Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors The Okonite Company Engineering Data for Copper and Aluminum C d t El t i l C bl Al i Conductor Electrical Cables, B ll ti EHB 98 Bulletin EHB-98
Slide 21
Cable Protection
The actual temperature rise of a cable when exposed to a short circuit current for a known time is calculated by:
2 t A= T2 + 234 g 0.0297log T1 + 234

Where: A A= Conductor area in circular-mils circular mils I = Short circuit current in amps t = Time of short circuit in seconds T1= Initial operation temperature (750C) T2=Maximum short circuit temperature (1500C)
Cable Short-Circuit Heating Limits

Recommended temperature rise: B) CU 75-200C
Slide 23
Shielded Cable
The normal tape width is 1 inches
Slide 24
NEC Section 110-14 C

(c) Temperature limitations. The temperature rating associated with the ampacity of a conductor shall be so selected and coordinated as to not exceed the lowest temperature rating of any connected termination conductor, or termination, device. device Conductors with temperature ratings higher than specified for terminations shall be permitted to be used for ampacity adjustment, correction, or both. (1) Termination provisions of equipment for circuits rated 100 amperes or less, or marked for Nos. 14 through 1 conductors shall be used only for conductors Nos conductors, rated 600C (1400F). Exception No. 1: Conductors with higher temperature ratings shall be permitted to be used, provided the ampacity of such conductors is determined based on the th 6O0C (1400F) ampacity of th conductor size used. it f the d t i d Exception No. 2: Equipment termination provisions shall be permitted to be used with higher rated conductors at the ampacity of the higher rated conductors, provided the equipment is listed and identified for use with the higher t d hi h rated conductors. d t (2) Termination provisions of equipment for circuits rated over 100 amperes, or marked for conductors larger than No. 1, shall be used only with conductors rated 750C (1670F). ( )
Slide 25
Transformer Protection


National Electric Code 2002 Edition C37.91-2000; IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers C57.12.59; IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current D ti C t Duration. C57.109-1985; IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Through-Fault-Current Duration APPLIED PROCTIVE RELAYING; J.L. Blackburn; Westinghouse Electric Corp; 1976 PROTECTIVE RELAYING, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS; J.L. J L Blackburn; Marcel Dekker Inc; 1987 Dekker, IEEE Std 242-1986; IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power y Systems
Transformer Category
ANSI/IEEE C 57 109 C-57.109
Minimum nameplate (kVA) Category Single-phase Three-phase g y g p p I 5-500 15-500 II 501-1667 501 1667 501-5000 501 5000 III 1668-10,000 5001-30,000 IV above 1000 above 30,000 b b 30 000
Slide 27
Transformer Categories I, II
Slide 28
Transformer Categories III
Slide 29
Transformer
FLA
200
Thermal
I2t = 1250
(D-D LL) 0.87
t (sec) ( )
Infrequent Fault
(D-R LG) 0.58
Frequent Fault
Mechanical
K=(1/Z)2t
Inrush I h
2.5
Isc
25
I (pu)
Slide 30
Slide 31
MAXIMUM RATING OR SETTING FOR OVERCURRENT DEVICE PRIMARY SECONDARY Over 600 Volts Over 600 Volts 600 Volts or Below Transformer Rated Impedance Not more than 6% Circuit Breaker Setting 600 % Fuse Rating Circuit Breaker Setting 300 % Fuse Rating Circuit Breaker Setting or Fuse Rating 125% (250% supervised) ( p )
300 %
250%
More than 6% and not more than 10%
400 %
300 %
250%
225%
125% (250% supervised)

source: NEC
Any Location Non-Supervised
Table 450-3(a)
Slide 32
Turn on or inrush current Internal transformer faults External or through faults of major magnitude Repeated large motor starts on the transformer. The motor represents a major portion or the transformers KVA rating. ti Harmonics Over current protection Device 50/51 Ground current protection Device 50/51G Differential Device 87 Over or under excitation volts/ Hz Device 24 Sudden tank pressure Device 63 Dissolved gas detection Oil Level Fans Oil Pumps Pilot wire Device 85 Fault withstand Thermal protection hot spot, top of oil temperature, winding temperature Devices 26 & 49 Reverse over current Device 67 Gas accumulation Buckholz relay Over voltage Device 59 Voltage or current balance Device 60 Tertiary Winding Protection if supplied Relay Failure Scheme Breaker Failure Scheme
Slide 33
Recommended Minimum Transformer Protection

Protective system
Winding and/or power system Winding and/or power system g grounded neutral grounded g g neutral ungrounded
Up to 10 MVA Above 10 MVA Up to 10 MVA Above 10 MVA
Differential
Time over current Instantaneous restricted ground fault Time delayed ground fault Gas detection Over excitation Overheating

Slide 34
Question
What is ANSI Shift Curve?
Slide 35
Answer
For delta-delta connected transformers, with line-to-line line to line faults on the secondary side the side, curve must be reduced to 87% (shift to the left by a factor of 0 87) 0.87) For delta-wye connection, with single line-tog ground faults on the secondary side, the y curve values must be reduced to 58% (shift y ) to the left by a factor of 0.58)
Question
What is meant by Frequent and Infrequent for transformers? q
Slide 37
Infrequent Fault Incidence Zones for Category II & III Transformers

Source Transformer primary-side protective device (fuses, relayed circuit breakers, etc.) may be selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve Infrequent-Fault f l Incidence Zone* Category II or III Transformer Fault will be cleared by transformer primary-side protective device Optional main secondary side protective device. side May be selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve Fault will be cleared by transformer primary-side protective device or by optional main secondaryside protection device Feeder protective device Frequent-Fault Incidence Zone* Feeders * Should be selected by reference to the frequent-fault-incidence protection curve or for transformers serving industrial, commercial and institutional power systems with secondary-side conductors enclosed in conduit, bus duct, etc., the feeder protective device may be selected by d l d i d i b d h f d i d i b l d b reference to the infrequent-fault-incidence protection curve.
Source: IEEE C57
Fault will be cleared by feeder protective device p
Motor Protection
IEEE Std 620-1996 IEEE Guide for the Presentation of Thermal Limit Curves for Squirrel Cage Induction Machines. IEEE Std 1255-2000 IEEE Guide for Evaluation of Torque Pulsations During Starting of Synchronous Motors ANSI/ IEEE C37.96-2000 Guide for AC Motor Protection The Art of Protective Relaying General Electric
Slide 39
Motor Protection
Motor Starting Curve Thermal Protection Locked Rotor Protection F lt Protection Fault P t ti
Slide 40
Motor Overload Protection

(NEC Art 430 32 Continuous Duty Motors) 430-32 Continuous-Duty
Thermal O/L (Device 49) Motors with SF not less than 1.15
125% of FLA f
Motors with temp. rise not over 40C p

125% of FLA
All other motors th t

115% of FLA
Motor Protection Inst. Pickup

I
LOCKED ROTOR
1 = XS + X d "
Recommended Instantaneous Setting:
RELAY PICK UP =
I PICK UP I LOCKED ROTOR
1 6 TO 2 1.6
If the recommended setting criteria cannot be met, or where more sensitive protection i d i d th i t t t ti is desired, the in-stantaneous relay ( a second relay) can b set l (or d l ) be t more sensitively if delayed by a timer. This permits the asymmetrical starting component to decay out. A typical setting for this is:
RELAY PICK UP =
I PICK UP I LOCKED ROTOR
1.2 TO 1.2
with a time delay of 0.10 s (six cycles at 60 Hz)

Locked Rotor Protection

Thermal Locked Rotor (Device 51) Starting Time (TS < TLR) LRA
LRA sym LRA asym (1.5-1.6 x LRA sym) + 10% margin
Slide 43
Fault Protection
(NEC A t / T bl 430-52) Art Table 430 52) Non-Time Delay Fuses
300% of FLA
Dual Element (Time-Delay Fuses) ( y )

175% of FLA
Instantaneous Trip Breaker

800% - 1300% of FLA*
Inverse Time Breakers

250% of FLA
*can be set up to 1700% for Design B (energy efficient) Motor

Low Voltage Motor Protection

Usually pre-engineered (selected from Catalogs) Typically, motors larger than 2 Hp are protected by combination starters Overload / Short-circuit protection
Slide 45
Low-voltage Motor
Ratings
Continuous amperes Nominal voltage (V) Horsepower Starter size (NEMA)
Range of ratings 9-250 240-600 1.5-1000 Quantity 00-9 NEMA designation
Types of protection
Overload: overload relay elements
OL
Short circuit: circuit b k current i it breaker t trip elements Fuses Undervoltage: inherent with integral control supply and three-wire control circuit
CB
FU
Ground fault (when speci fied): speci-fied): ground relay with toroidal CT
Slide 46
Minimum Required Sizes of a NEMA Combination Motor Starter System

MINIM MUM SIZ ZE GROUN NDING CONDU UCTOR FOR A 50 % CURRENT CAPACITY 460V NE FLC EC MAXIMUM CONDUCTOR LENGTH FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND CONDUIT SYSTEMS. ABOVE GROUND SYSTEMS HAVE DIRECT SOLAR EXPOSURE. 750 C CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE, 450 C AMBIENT NEXT LARGEST WIRE SIZE USE NEXT LARGER GROUN ND CONDUCTOR MAXIMUM LENGTH FOR 1% % VOLTAGE DROP WITH LARGER WIRE FUSE SIZE CLASS J FUSE
CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
MOTO HP OR
STAR RTER SIZ ZE
MAXIMUM LENGTH FOR 1% % VOLTAGE DROP
MINIMUM WIRE SIZE
250%
200%
150%
1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150
2.1 3 3.4 4.8 7.6 11 14 21 27 34 40 52 65 77 96 124 156 180
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5
12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 8 6 6 2 2 2 1 2/0 4/0
12 12 12 12 12 10 8 8 6 4 2 2 2/0 2/0 4/0 250 350 500
759 531 468 332 209 144 283 189 227 276 346 266 375 317 358 304 298 307
10 10 10 10 10 8 6 6 4 2 2/0 2/0 4/0 4/0 250 350 500 750
1251 875 772 547 345 360 439 292 347 407 610 469 530 447 393 375 355 356
15 15 15 20 20 30 35 50 70 80 100 150 175 200 250 350 400 450
15 15 15 20 20 25 30 40 50 70 70 110 150 175 200 250 300 350
15 15 15 15 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 90 100 125 150 200 250 300
5 6 7 10 15 20 30 45 60 70 90 110 125 150 200 250 350 400

Slide 47
Required Data - Protection of a Medium Medi m Voltage Motor

Rated full load current Service factor S i f t Locked rotor current Maximum locked rotor time (thermal limit curve) with the motor at ambient and/or operating temperature Minimum no load current Starting power factor Running power factor Motor and connected load accelerating time System phase rotation and nominal frequency Type and location of resistance temperature devices (RTDs), if used Expected fault current magnitudes First cycle current Maximum motor starts per hour
Slide 48
Medium-Voltage Class E Motor Controller

Ratings Nominal system voltage Horsepower Symmetrical MVA interrupting capacity at nominal system voltage Types of Protective Devices Overload, or locked Rotor, or both: Thermal overload relay TOC relay IOC relay plus time delay Thermal overload rela o erload relay TOC relay IOC relay plus time delay Short Circuit: Fuses, Class E2 IOC relay, Class E1 G ou d au t Ground Fault TOC residual relay Overcurrent relay with toroidal CT 1 1 GP GP 3 3 FU OC Class El Class E2 ( C 2 (with (without fuses) fuses) 2300-6900 0-8000 25-75 5 5 2300-6900 0-8000 160-570 60 5 0
Quantity
NEMA Designation Phase Balance
3 3 3 3 3 3
OL OC TR/O
Current balance relay
BC
Negative-sequence voltage 1 relay (per bus), or both OL OC TR/OC Undervoltage: Inherent with integral control supply and threewire control circuit, when voltage falls suffi-ciently to permit the contractor to open and break the seal-in circuit Temperature: Temperature relay, p g operating from resistance sensor or ther-mocouple in stator winding
NEMA Class E1 medium voltage starter
UV
OL
NEMA Class E2 medium voltage starter

Slide 49
Starting Current of a 4000Hp, 12 kV, 1800 rpm Motor

First half cycle current showing current offset.
Beginning of run up current showing load torque p g q pulsations.
Slide 50
Starting Current of a 4000Hp, 12 kV, 1800 rpm Motor - Oscillographs
Motor pull in current showing motor reaching synchronous speed hi h d
Slide 51
Thermal Limit Curve
Slide 52
Thermal Limit Curve

Typical Curve
Slide 53
(49) I2T
tLR ts Starting Curve (51)
O/L
MCP
200 HP
MCP (50)
LRAs
LRAasym
Slide 54
Protective Devices
Fuse Overload Heater Thermal Magnetic Low Voltage Solid State Trip Electro-Mechanical Motor Circuit Protector (MCP) Relay (50/51 P, N, G, SG, 51V, 67, 49, 46, 79, 21, )
Fuse (Power Fuse)

Non Adjustable Device (unless electronic) Continuous and Interrupting Rating Voltage Levels ( a kV) o age e e s (Max ) Interrupting Rating (sym, asym) Characteristic Curves
Min. Melting Total Clearing
Application (rating type: R, E, X, )

Fuse Types
Expulsion Fuse (Non-CLF) Current Limiting Fuse (CLF) Electronic Fuse (S&C Fault Fiter)
Slide 57
Total Clearing Time Curve
Minimum Melting g Time Curve
Slide 58
Current Limiting Fuse (CLF)

Limits the peak current of short-circuit short circuit Reduces magnetic stresses (mechanical damage) Reduces thermal energy
Slide 59
Current Limiting Action

Ip
Curre (peak amps) ent k
ta = tc tm Ip ta = A i Ti Arcing Time tm = Melting Time tc = Clearing Time tm tc ta

Time (cycles)
Ip = Peak Current Ip = Peak Let-thru Current

Slide 60
Let-Through Chart
7% PF (X/R = 14.3)
Pea Let-T ak Through Amper res
230,000 230 000
300 A
12,500
100 A 60 A
5,200
100,000
Symmetrical RMS Amperes

Fuse
Generally: CLF is a better short-circuit protection N CLF ( Non-CLF (expulsion f l i fuse) i a b ) is better Overload protection Electronic fuses are typically easier to coordinate due to the electronic control adjustments
Slide 63
Selectivity Criteria
Typically: N CLF Non-CLF: CLF: 140% of f ll l d f full load 150% of full load
Safety Margin: 10% applied to Min Melting (consult the fuse manufacturer)
Slide 64
Molded Case CB
Thermal-Magnetic Magnetic Only g y Motor Circuit Protector (MCP) I Integrally F ll Fused (Li i d (Limiters) ) Current Limiting High Interrupting Capacity Non-Interchangeable Parts Insulated Case (Interchange Parts) Types Frame Size Poles Trip Rating Interrupting Capability Voltage
Slide 65
MCCB
Slide 66
MCCB with SST Device
Slide 67
Thermal Maximum
Thermal Minimum
Magnetic (instantaneous)
Slide 68
LVPCB
Voltage and Frequency Ratings Continuous Current / Frame Size / Sensor I t Interrupting Rating ti R ti Short-Time Rating (30 cycle) Short Time Fairly Simple to Coordinate Phase / Ground Settings Inst. Override
LT PU
CB 2 CB 1
LT Band
CB 2
ST PU
480
kV
CB 1
IT
ST Band If =30 kA
Slide 70
Inst. Override
Slide 71
Overload Relay / Heater

Motor overload protection is provided by a device that models the temperature rise of the winding When the temperature rise reaches a point that will damage the motor, the motor is deenergized bimetallic, Overload relays are either bimetallic melting alloy or electronic
Slide 72
Overload Heater (Mfr. Data)
Slide 73
Question
What is Class 10 and Class 20 Thermal OLR curves?
Slide 74
Answer
At 600% Current Rating:
Cl Class 10 f f t t i 10 for fast trip, seconds or less Class 20 for 20 seconds or for, less (commonly used) There is also Class 15, 30 for long trip time (typically provided with electronic overload relays)
6
20
Slide 75
Answer
Slide 76
Overload Relay / Heater

When the temperature at the combination motor starter is more than 10 C (18 F) different than the temperature at the motor, ambient temperature correction of the motor current is required. An adjustment is required because the output that a motor can safely deliver varies with temperature. p The motor can deliver its full rated horsepower at an ambient temperature specified by the motor manufacturers, normally + 40 C. At high temperatures (higher than + 40 C) less than 100% of the normal rated current can be drawn from the motor without shortening the insulation life. At lower temperatures (less than + 40 C) more than 100% of the normal rated current could be drawn from the motor without shortening the insulation life.
Slide 77
Overcurrent Relay
Time-Delay (51 I>) Short-Time Instantaneous ( I>>) Instantaneous (50 I>>>) Electromagnetic (induction Disc) Solid State (Multi Function / Multi Level) A li ti Application
Slide 78
Time-Overcurrent Unit
Ampere Tap Calculation
Ampere Pickup (P.U.) = CT Ratio x A.T. Setting Relay Current ( R) = Actual Line Current ( L) / CT y (I (I Ratio Multiples of A.T.
CT
= IR/A.T. Setting = IL/(CT Ratio x A.T. Setting)
IL
IR
51
Slide 80
Instantaneous Unit
Instantaneous Calculation
Ampere Pickup (P.U.) = CT Ratio x IT Setting Relay Current ( R) = Actual Line Current ( L) / CT y (I (I Ratio Multiples of IT
CT
= IR/IT Setting = IL/(CT Ratio x IT Setting)
IL
IR
50
Slide 81
Relay Coordination
Time margins should be maintained between T/C curves Adjustment should be made for CB opening time Shorter time intervals may be used for solid state relays Upstream relay should have the same inverse T/C characteristic as the downstream relay (CO-8 to CO-8) or be less inverse (CO-8 upstream to CO-6 downstream) Extremely inverse relays coordinates very well with CLFs
Situation
4.16 kV CT 800:5
CB
50/51
Relay: IFC 53
Cable CU - EPR
Isc = 30,000 A DS
5 MVA 6%
1-3/C 500 kcmil
Calculate Relay Calc late Rela Setting (Tap Inst Tap & Time Dial) (Tap, Inst. For This System
Slide 83
Solution
Transformer:
IL =
5,000kVA = 694 A 3 4.16kV 5 IR = IL = 4.338 A 800

IR
R
IL
I Inrsuh = 12 694 = 8,328 A

Set Relay: y
CT
125% 4.338 = 5.4 A TAP = 6.0 A TD = 1 Inst (50) = 8,328 5 = 52.1A => 55 A 800 (6/4.338 = 1.38)
Slide 84
Question
What T/C Coordination interval should be maintained between relays?
Slide 85
Answer
B t A
CB Opening Time + Induction Disc Overtravel (0.1 sec) I d ti Di O t l (0 1 ) + Sa ety a g (0.2 Safety margin (0 sec w/o Inst. & 0 sec w/ Inst.) /o st 0.1 / st )
I
Recloser
Recloser protects electrical transmission systems from temporary voltage surges and other unfavorable conditions. Reclosers can automatically "reclose" the circuit and restore normal reclose power transmission once the problem is cleared. Reclosers are usually designed with failsafe mechanisms that prevent g them from reclosing if the same fault occurs several times in succession over a short period. This insures that repetitive line faults don't cause power to switch on and off repeatedly, since this could cause damage or accelerated wear to electrical equipment. It also insures that temporary faults such as lightning strikes or transmission switching don't cause lengthy interruptions in service.
Slide 87
Recloser Types
Hydraulic Electronic
Static Controller Microprocessor Controller
Slide 88
Recloser Curves
Slide 89

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Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Protection vs. Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Time Current Characteristics

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

TCC Scaling Example

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

TCC Scaling Example

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Capability / Damage Curves

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

2 t A= T2 + 234 g 0.0297log T1 + 234

Cable Short-Circuit Heating Limits

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

NEC Section 110-14 C

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Standards & References

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Transformer Categories III

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

More than 6% and not more than 10%

125% (250% supervised)

Any Location Non-Supervised

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Recommended Minimum Transformer Protection

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

What is ANSI Shift Curve?

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

What is meant by Frequent and Infrequent for transformers? q

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Infrequent Fault Incidence Zones for Category II & III Transformers

Fault will be cleared by feeder protective device p

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Motor Overload Protection

Motors with temp. rise not over 40C p

All other motors th t

Motor Protection Inst. Pickup

Recommended Instantaneous Setting:

I PICK UP I LOCKED ROTOR

I PICK UP I LOCKED ROTOR

with a time delay of 0.10 s (six cycles at 60 Hz)

Locked Rotor Protection

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination

Dual Element (Time-Delay Fuses) ( y )

Instantaneous Trip Breaker

Inverse Time Breakers

*can be set up to 1700% for Design B (energy efficient) Motor

Low Voltage Motor Protection