Manifesto United Mumbai

www.bmwguggenheimlab.
org
..! .
Manifesto United Mumbai

Heart of Mumbai
Sky Ride
*
Richshaw Highway
MANIFESTO UNITED MUMBAI

A vision that operates across di erent scales, connecting architectural interventions with neighborhood planning to form a citywide masterplan.
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org
ECO SLUMS
Slums are inherently hyper-e cient environments which, counter-intuitively, marks them as the most appropriate choice for the genesis of sustainable development in Mumbai.
WATER WALL
The Water Wall aims to save space by storing water within the cavities of a structural and modular wall system while allowing daylight to penetrate into homes or public spaces.
SKYRIDE & AUTORICKSHAW HIGHWAY

The Skyride and Autorickshaw Highway apply the existing technology of the Skywalk to offer dedicated decks for rickshaws as a low-cost solution to quickly traverse through the city.
GROOVE
Made of local coconut coir, the Groove is a simple roof mat that unrolls to t the grooves of Mumbais omnipresent corrugated panels, dampening the loud patter of rain and cooling indoor temperatures.
HEART OF MUMBAI
As Mumbai becomes increasingly polycentric, the new center of urban gravity has moved to the Mahim area which has the potential to become a new Heart of Mumbai, a green and highly accessible hub that can help decongest South Mumbai.
WEATHER TAP
A neighborhood-scale solar-heat and rainwater-collection device that provides continuous local drinking water.
COLLABORATIVE PLANNING
LANDLINK
A Pedestrian bridge and public space generator located on two soon-to-be defunct water pipes.
1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 Three types of spaceformal development, informal growth, and natureare struggling to occupy the same square meters. Through a careful mix of each, without sacrificing density, new growth can achieve both social and ecological balance.
YOUR FEEDBACK PLEASE!
Thane
Cadbury Jn
MIDC
Mulund W
Bhandup W
Vihar Lake
IIT Bombay
Chandivali SEEPZ
Airport Rd
Sahar Nagar
Saki Naka N
Vakola
Saki Naka
University of Mumbai Kurla
Bandra
Sion Dharavi
Dharavi S
Skyride* Rickshaw Highway*

2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2035
0.5
5km
Scale
"When we talk of a resurgent Asia, people think of the great changes that have come about in Shanghai. I share this aspiration to transform years in such a manner that people would forget about Shanghai, and Mumbai will become a talking point."
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, October 2004
SPLIT CITY 2/3 OF THE POPULATION LIVES ON 1/3 OF THE RESIDENTIAL AREA
SLUM POPULATION
SLUM SURFACE AREA
UNOFFICIAL NUMBERS AS HIGH AS 78%
On a daily basis, people in the slums are faced www.bmwguggenheimlab.org with severe Issues of comfort, health, and safety. Does their high productivity and increasingly intricate social structure suggest a template for the densities that future global cities will need to accommodate?
...!
SLUM
NON-SLUM
MUMBAI SPLIT CITY
BLINK
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
MUMBAI IS PLANNED WITH A SPLIT VISION, UNITED THE FUTURE CAN BE CONCEIVED IN 3D!
MUMBAI SPLIT CITY
BLI
NK
MUMBAI SPLIT CITY
012
53
10km
Can Mumbai move towards bridging its many contrasting conditions: Old/New, rich/poor, green/ urban, even North and South Mumbai?
YOUR FEEDBACK PLEASE
Reclaimed land
012 53 10km
hill
mangrove
farming
park
GREEN
d=?
d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?
d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?
d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?
d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?
d=?
villa
scattered
rural village suburban village
RURAL
d=?
d = 400 FAR = 0.05 SPI = 20 000
d = 600 FAR = 0.15 SPI = 4 000
d = 10 000 FAR = 0.55 SPI = 18 000
d = 15 000 FAR = 0.65 SPI = 23 000
d=?
production
warehouse
w & o mixed
INDUSTRIAL
d=?
townhouse
d=0 FAR = 0.15 SPI = 0
d = 5 000 FAR = 0.35 SPI = 15 000
d=0 FAR = 1.6 SPI = 0
d = 24 000 FAR = 0.8 SPI = 30 000
d=?
high res super high rise
courtyard slab
low res
middle res
RESIDENTIAL
d = 12 500 FAR = 0.5 SPI = 25 000
d = 35 000 FAR = 0.6 SPI = 60 000
d = 25 000 FAR = 0.55 SPI = 45 000
d = 70 000 FAR = 1.7 SPI = 40 000
d = 160 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 80 000
d = 325 000 FAR = 5 SPI = 65 000
campus
res & ind
res & of
sub center historical center new development
MIXED USE
d = 1000 FAR = 0.2 SPI = 5000
d = 35 000 FAR = 0.9 SPI = 39 000
d = 60 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 30 000
d = 100 000 FAR = 2.5 SPI = 40 000
d = 130 000 FAR = 2.5 SPI = 52 000
d = 300 000 FAR = 5.5 SPI = 55 000
mixed slum
slum
relocation super relocation
SLUM
d=?
d = 250 000 FAR = 1.3 SPI = 190 000
d = 400 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 200 000
d = 300 000 FAR = 4.5 SPI = 70 000
d = 1 200 000 FAR = 9.5 SPI = 125 000
d=?
KEY URBAN TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI
By population density (p/km ), oor space index (FAR) and the newly formulated STACKED POPULATION INDEX (SPI = d/FAR)
DensityDensity can easily become a numbers game. For developers, it's the relationship between land costs and unit retail value; for planners, it's between anticipated population growth and the desired urban footprint. Yet actual or prospective residents, when considering what a place might be like to live in, are seldom exposed to or concerned with these numbersmostly because the numbers in themselves do little to describe the conditions. Mumbai is a case in point, renowned for its population density. Three factorsformal development, informal growth, and natureare struggling to occupy the same square meters. The commercial parameter of the Floor Area Ratio (FAR or FSI) is equally inadequate in its myopic focus on urban upgrading. Mumbais unique hybrid requires density and FAR to be con-sidered in a new integrated numerical index: Stacked Population Index (SPI), or the population density per floor area.
GREEN
RURAL
INDUSTRIAL
RESIDENTIAL
MIXED USE
SLUM
LAND USE
0 1 2 5 3 10km
To create a detailed map of the new Stacked Population Index, densities and urban typologies have been analyzed across a grid of 500x500
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
0 1 2 5 3 10km
RESIDENTIAL
0 1 2 3 5 10km
MIXED USE
0 1 2 3 5 10km
URBAN
0 1 2 3 5 10km
AMONG THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED ENVIRONMENTS IN THE WORLD, MUMBAIS SLUMS REMAIN MOSTLY OVERLOOKED ,
Mumbai is renowned for its density. Only when its slums are incorporated in the models, however can the true extents of this condition be observed: aforest of extremely compact neighborhoods dominating the entire urban landscape.
STACKED POPULATION DENSITY
FORMAL CITY
SLUM
ORgANIC gROWTH
SOCIALLY AND SPATIALLY THE SLUMS HAVE REACHED A POINT WHERE THEY MUST BE EMBRACED AS SOPHISTICATED URBAN MICROCOSMS!
center of urban gravity
+8.01% -5.75%
Population shift south to north

01 25 31 0km
55% 67%
85% 79%
Latrine within premises
Water within premises
In Dharavi, it is estimated that there is one toilet for every 1,440 people.
Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis, by the United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 2006
An estimated 1 person in 20 (or about 420,000 in total) is compelled to defecate in open areas. This represents about 6% of slum area population.
Space
Scarcity
South Mumbai
6.2 sqm/p
15 sqm/p
New CBD
SRA Develop. 4.6
sqm/p
2.5 sqm/p
Slums
Slums
3 sqm/p
Reserved Ground
Luxury High-Rise
57.5 sqm/p
MIG Housing
Live Work Play
0.62 sqm/p
Playgrounds
Parks, Gardens
0.32 sqm/p
0.2 sqm/p
27.5 sqm/p
23 SERVICE RESERVO
UPPER VAITARNA
MODAK SAGAR
TANSA
BHATSA
TULSI VIHAR
0 2.5 5
10
20km
WATER SOURCES OF MUMBAI
UPPER VAITARNA
140
MODAK SAGAR 100 TANSA BHATSA
90 235
TULSI VIHAR
0 2.5 5
10
20km
MUMBAI WATER SUPPLY
BHUGAD RESERVOIR
KHARGI HILL RESERVOIR UPPER VAITARNA
PINJAL RESERVOIR MIDDLE VAITARNA DAM MODAK SAGAR
TANSA
BHATSA
TULSI VIHAR
0 2.5 5
10
20km
DAMANGANGA-PINJAL
WITH DAMANGANGA-PINJAL PIPE LINK PROJECT, MUMBAIS WATER CATCHEMENT AREA IS GETTING BIGGER AND BIGGER...
Aarey Milk Colony
Chembur
Church Gate
Colaba
Analysis of long-term water level trend data indicates fall in water levels in the four National Hydrograph Stations and it ranges between 0.11 (Church Gate) and 0.38 m/y (A.M. Colony).
10km
WATER LEVEL TREND 1998-2007
Mahim Creek
10km
FLOODED AREA IN 2005
Mithi River
10km
MUMBAI WATERSHEDS
Water tunnels
Gundavali
Charkop
Bhandup Powai Veravali Maroshi
Ghatkopar Vakola
Mahim Ruparel
Mahalaxmi
Malabar Hill
Cross Maidan
10km
WATER TUNNELS WATERSHEDS
BHANDUP WATER TREATMENT PLANT: THE BIGGEST IN ASIA
demand
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
4,200 mld
piped water alone will not suffice
supplied
3,350 mld
Mumbai Average Precipitation (mm)
J F M A M J J A S O N D RAIN MOUNTAIN RAIN SLAB
2400 mm =
1,048,800 million liters of water
42.6lpd
40 lpd
In Mumbai there is tremendous The amount of rain that falls on potential for rainwater capture. the slums (42km2) is just above
the daily use of its residents! but all during the monsoon
Daily Water Use Comparison
X8.75
X2.8 X3.1
40 Liters Slums
127 Liters Average
350 Liters Rich
Annual Water Use Comparison
14,600 Liters Slums
46,355 Liters Average
127,750 Liters Rich
SUPPLY
20%
non-slum
slum
Vendors, neighborhood well, illegitimately acquired
16%
mo
re
tha
n1
,00
0,0
00
pe
op
le
Piped in-home
54%
30%
Public taps
SOURCE IN SLUMS
42%
58%
Lat es rine Within Premis
19% 77%
Bathroom Facilities
Water Source Location Scarcity
Time
W ith in P rem ises
ar Ne
Pr em ise s
Away
n tri La
r eO uts ide of Pr emises
a major problem in Mumbai, where the poorest residents must give up considerable amounts of time to accommodate their most basic needs, which in turn impedes personal growth and self development. Time scarcity is an index that helps us understand how cities like Mumbai preform, where access to social utilities, transportation, and public space has an immediate impact on public life.
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/District_Tables/Distt_table/27/HH2808-2700DCRC.pdf
Mo de
M u m ba
Gr
i Su
ur
bs
ar Ne
W ith in P rem ises
b a i C it y
Mum
Lat es rine Within Premis
Mumb
6%
ai C
it
18%
94%
a Tre
te dT ap Wa ter
42%
79%
es
iti
M u m b a i C it y
b
ai
94%
4% 96%
Time
Scarcity
Mu
Mu
6%
ai
Su
at
er
B at hro o
Su
bur
a mF
burb
n tri La
er
Untr eated
So
Greater
u rc e L o c a ti o n
Sou
Mu
mb
te
ai
45%
58%
c il
67%
Mu
ea
at
Gr
ai
G re a t e r Mu
Su
46%
46%
b urb
mb
ai
77%
W
Sep tic Tank
or Inf
m al Sa nita tion
19%
P re mi ses
Away
13%
tem Piped Sewer Sys
ea
s o f S a n it a
te
rM
um
85%
43%
49%
37%
b ai
ti o
Premises
n
re Ou tsid e of
57%
Mum
ba
iC
rM
um
b ai
55%
it y
r c e s o f Fr e
33%
sh
bs
Drip Sink
Drain Shrink
Waste
BLUE 2 BLACK
Rust Strain

Infect Tap

MUMBAIS WATER CONUNDRUM: Any linear solution will only augment its wide-ranging water adversities. MICRO SOLUTIONS will contribute to a more robust system and potentially create a fully circular water management.
MICRO SOLUTIONS 2
Borivali
400,000/sqkm
LOWER!
DEMAND
Thane
330,000/sqkm
Charkop
365,000/sqkm
Malad
295,000/sqkm
STREAMLINING THE URBAN SYSTEM ACROSS ALL SCALES Bhandup

365,000/sqkm
Jogeshwari
DIVERSIFY!
RESOURCES
365,000/sqkm
LOCALIZE!
PRODUCTION
330,000/sqkm
Sakinaka
parabolic trough collectors
back-up boiler
steam MEB Evaporator
make up tank
blowdown
to sea
sea surface intake
scale inhibitor dosing system well source
brine to sea
cold trap product condenser water
CHEAP LOCAL RAIN WATER COLLECTION AND OCEAN WATER DESALINATION
come rain come shine
WEATHER TAP
come rain come shine
WEATHER TAP
your year-round neighborhood potable water source
13%
13% of Mumbais municipal water supply poses a direct health risk
saltwater + heat
The Weather Tap is a local solution for a continuous supply of drinking water, using heat to desalinate saltwater during the dry months and collecting and filtering rainwater during the monsoon.
Groove
seawater heat
UV Disi nfe ctio n
rainwater
distillation
ater all
parabolic trough collectors
back-up boiler
steam MEB Evaporator
make up tank
blowdown
to sea
sea surface intake
scale inhibitor dosing system well source
brine to sea
cold trap product condenser water
SITUATION 2: OCEAN WATER DESALINATION
Water Treatment/Desalination Devices
20 15 10
MADH JETTY MADH JETTY
OTHER WALLS JUST DONT HOLD WATER
ater all 1.0

Self-Treated Water
ater all 2.0

Moveable Water Container
water collection
transparency
portable
potable water
ater all
The Water Wall aims to save space by storing water within the cavities of a structural and modular wall system while allowing daylight to penetrate into homes or public spaces.
! . ..
MAROL MAROL
5 10 5 10 15 20 25
Groove 1.0
quiet
The Groove is made out of 100% locally sourced coconut coir, an ideal sound dampener and natural noise insulator to soften the loud patter of the monsoon rain.
lush
The coconut coir matting provides a fertile, sustainable soil that fosters plant growth.
cool
An integrated, rolled-out green roof protects the slum houses from excessive heat, insulating with a carpet of vegetation
Groove 2.0
phytoremediation
Water passes through the roots of endemic plant species which remove contaminants in the first part of the filtration system.
screen filtration
The water then passes through a screen filter to further remove pollutants.
UV disinfection
In the final phase of purification, the water travels to a clear plastic retainer where it undergoes UV disinfection to become potable.
eco-slum
In many ways, slums are hyper-efficient environments. Counterintuitively, this makes the slum the most logical option as the genesis of sustainable development in Mumbai. But how can slum dwellers be incentivized to become ecocatalysts when they are burdened with the most primary concerns?
10 15 20
25
CHEMBUR CHEMBUR
5 10 15 20 25
EcoSlums!
THE ONLY SHORTCUT TOWARDS A GREEN MUMBAI!
In many ways, slums are hyper-efficient environments. Counterintuitively, this makes the slum the most logical option as the genesis of sustainable development in Mumbai. But how can slum dwellers be incentivized to become ecocatalysts when they are burdened with the most primary concerns?
TASTY TRAYS: URBAN FARMINg SYSTEM FOR DENSE AREAS
DADAR DADAR
Richshaw Highway
5 10
AUTO RICKSHAW ACCESSIBILTY

0 1 2 5 3 10km
Richshaw Highway
Weather Tap Rickshaw Highway RICKSHAW HIGHWAY STATION Tansa Station

W T
Weather Taps connect to form the water and energy collecting canopies of the Rickshaw Highway stations.
Richshaw Highway
Bhandup W
10m
Amphitheater
Richshaw Highway
Vihar Lake
10m
Salah (prayer)
Richshaw Highway
IIT Bombay
10m
Observation Tower
Richshaw Highway
University of Mumbai
10m
Cricket
Bhiwandi
a Th
ne
Z EP SE
Airport Rd
Ba
ah
im
Mahim Junction
nd
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Kurla
Ni
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an iw
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Be
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SUPER SUSTAINABLE SLUM SCOOTER
Land Link
NS E O Y TI US IT LA ND NS GU LA DE RE M M ET EX PR O RO ES NO SW AY RA IL E AC SP LA ND LI NK
GR A SP S EN A SP SE AL CE IN K CE
EE
AL YW SK Y SK RI DE
UI T O W M PU
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UR
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CO NG S AS LY AB E RT BL FO NA M AI CO UST S TY CI I T A LI B SP UM M M O BI TY LI ES O TI N NG TI RT IA PO ED S M RAN T
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FR
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TH
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MANIFESTO MUMBAI
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F O T I AR BA HE UM M E TH P GA NG TI NT IA E ED TM M ES V IN AR UL E RC TR CI EN C
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UnitedMumbai
BANDRA BANDRA
10
15
LANDLINK LANDLINK
*
30
25
* *
The Landlink* is an answer to Mumbais infamous Sea Link. It connects two of the citys main slum areas by reusing the outdated Tanga Pipeline. The Landlink crosses a large mangrove lagoon and makes it accessible as a park in the heart of the city, while providing space for public functions that cannot be accommodated in the compact surrounding settlements. The proposal aims to inspire what could be possible with existing infra-space. Located on top and between two soon-to-be-defunct water pipes, the Landlink* becomes a multilayered bridge that facilitates transportation, public and commercial activities, and social engagement in an area that is now deprived of larger communal spaces. In a gradual collective effort between local communities and city officials, commercial and non-commercial parties, the bridge achieves its full potential. The Landlink* starts off as a line for rickshaws, then evolves into a pedestrian deck and commercial plaza, and finally supports small towers to become the worlds first slum CBD.
Bairam Pada
Mee t in the Mid dle

Dharavi
Bairam Pada
Dharavi
Bairam Pada
Dharavi
3. Slum CBD
2. Mixed-use boardwalk
1. Auto rickshaw highway
*
THE LANDLINK*
Land Link!
AN INFORMAL CBD
park uncovered
Public space, commercial space, and transit space have historically been bundled together. But in Mumbais crowded streets, this condition has reached a tipping point. The Landlink* aims to provide ad hoc market spaces that are adjacent to, but dont impede, flows of pedestrians.
2020 SLUM CBD Mixed NGO-Commercial
2016 LANDLINK BRIDGE Public-Commercial
2013 RICKSHAW HIGHWAY Public

i reta l
LANDLINK*: phased public-private collaboration
SLUM CBD
V fo All V r oice
UnitedMumbai
V fo Vita r lity
UnitedMumbai
Stadium Market Hospital School University
BANDRA / DHARAVI
WEATHER TAP WEATHER TAP
Richshaw Highway
Sky Ride
Bandra
*
eM idd
Me et i n th
Heart of Mumbai
Pipe Line Skywalk Skyride Roadway Local Train Metro/Monorail
Dharavi
le
WEATHER TAP WEATHER TAP
Richshaw Highway
Sky Ride
Bandra
*
idd le
Me et i n th eM
Heart of Mumbai
Pipe Line Skywalk Skyride Roadway Local Train Metro/Monorail
Dharavi
CYCLE
0.8%
TRAIN
21.9%
WALK
55.5%
BUS
14.4%
RICKSHAW & TAXI

2.7%
TWO-WHEELER CAR
3.1%
DAILY TRAVEL IN MUMBAI
1.6%
RAJEEV gANDHI SEA LINK, USED BY 1 IN 80 MUMBAIKARS
-18 -2
-31
+45
+6
PROPOSED INVESTMENT SPLIT
power to the pedestrian

20% 8% -31 -2 -18
28%
11% +6 +45
33%
Current Investment by modality
Proposed Investment allocated according to MEC

(trip length x ridership, or Mobility Efficiency Coefficient)
1.25 Mi 0.2 Mi 1150 Cr 4 Yrs 8 Mi 1600 Cr
10 Yrs
700 Cr 4 Yrs
1.5 Mi 0.3 Mi 572 Cr 5 Yrs
2350 Cr 7 Yrs
outcome
A limited amount of commuters and low impact on traffic conditions Huge environmental & visual impact on the sea front A massive public investment of Rs 16 billion
ce spa
inv est me nt
Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link
outcome
Suburban Railway
Has the highest passenger densities of any urban railway system in the world, but also the highest fatalities
All above ground
Medium cost/high user
sp
ace
inv est me nt
outcome
Metro
The most widely used rapid transit system in Mumbai Does a good job of supporting the Mumbai Suburban Railway, but underground transportation is not ideal
20% underground High cost/high user
sp
ace
inv est me nt
outcome
Monorail
Facilitates mass transit and rapid travel to areas previously inaccessible to other forms of public transportation, but has a relatively low daily ridership
Elevated on median of the road
8 lines at a total investment of Rs 200 billion
sp
ace
inv est me nt
outcome
Skywalks
Reasonable but not sufficient amount of commuters Improvment of street congestion but bad access bad Impact for street shops
Visual impact but low land consumption
Low cost/commuters ratio
sp
ace
inv est
me
nt
outc outcome
Land link
New open and public spaces New facilities New link between north and south Mumbai Secure water supply
Recycling existing infrastructures New investment model with United Mumbai
sp
ace
inv est
me
nt
outcome
Facilitates mass transit and rapid travel to areas previously inaccessible to other forms of public transportation, but has a relatively low daily ridership
outcome
A limited amount of commuters
Elevated on median of the road

Huge environmental & visual impact on the sea front
8 lines at a total investment of Rs 200 billion

outcome
A massive public investment of Rs 16 billion
in
sp a
ce
nt inv est me nt
spa
ce
Reasonable but relatively low amount of commuters improvment of street congestion but bad access bad impact for street shops
inv est
me
nt
Visual impact but low land consumption Low cost/commuters ratio

outcome outcome
The most widely used rapid transit system in Mumbai does a good job of supporting the Mumbai Suburban Railway, but underground transportation is not ideal
inv est
Has the highest passenger densities of any urban railway system in the world, but also the highest fatalities
ce spa me
nt
20% underground
High cost/high user
All above ground

Medium cost/high user
inv est m ce spa inv est me nt spa ce inv est me nt
Mumbai commuters are always in a rush to catch a train. I would have preferred if skywalks saved us that crucial minute or two to reach the station.
The stretch under the skywalk has been lost. Illegal parking and other encroachments make it di cult for motorists to drive on this road.
I dont think I will dare to walk on the skywalk at night. Security must be tightened to ensure that the space is not misused by antisocial elements.
Pillars of this skywalk are occupying the footpath! Authorities shouldnt begin work without su cient foresight and planning.
"The money spent on skywalks could have been used better. Id rather see beauti cation in the form of open spaces than wasteful illumination.
Since the day this skywalk opened, people have been peeping into our home. We are now forced to keep the curtains drawn at all times.
With your input, Skywalks can be engineered to perfection!
SPEAK NOW!
Bhayandar 94.80
Mira Road
40.63
26.38
Dahisar
33.32
Borivali 24.19
Kandivali 33.78 Thane Goregaon 24.86 Bhandup 33.61 30.12
Kanjurmag Andheri 51.64 Vile Parle 36.07 58.61 Santacruz Vidyavihar 48.86 Chembur Kalanagar - Bandra 27.72 34.45 18.30 Sion 18.03 30.00 42.66 Ghatkopar 44.13 Vikhroli 19.73 23.65
Wadala 55.48
Cotton Green Grant Road 77.66 98.10
2008 2009 2010
2011 2012
50 KM OF NEW SKYWALKING BY 2016*

* Subject to necessary sanctions
SKYWALKS: EFFICIENTLY MEANDERING THROUGH MUMBAIS CITYSCAPE AND BUREAUCRACY ALIKE!
Although primitive in their initial conception, Mumbais skywalks have produced fast and tangible results over the past fewyears. United Mumbai envisions what the future of the skywalk may hold. Not in a single proposal, but as an ecology of pedestrian solutions, from simple alterations to sophisticated systems developed in collaboration with local communities. Ultimately the sky-walks can evolve from expensive eyesores to socially vibrant, sustainablysavvy, and revenue-generating public spaces.
http://202.54.119.40/docs/skywalk-status.pdf
Women Only 24/7
Can the success of women-only carriages be extended to the skywalks, transforming underutilized and dangerous blind spots into muchneeded social spaces for women in crowded communities?
Bandra (E) Skywalk 1475m
Stn.
!
Activate
Blind Spots
WHILE CREATING GREAT ALL WOMEN PUBLIC SPACES!
!
BKC
Now Im on Skywalks too!
3.0
1.0 2.1 1.5
Ulhasnagar
Badlapur
Kalyan
Bandra
Kandivali
Santacruz
Thane
Ulhasnagar
Vasai Road
Vikhroli
Vile Perle
Wadala
Badlapur
Andheri
Bandra
Bhayandar
Borivali
Dahisar
Ghatkopar
Goregaon
Grant Road
Kalyan
50 skywalks planned 36 completed or under construction
commuters
$120,000,000 * $12,000,000 $10
investment
daily
per commuter investment
COST RS. IN CR.
COST/M RS. IN CR./M
COMMUTER/DAY RS. LAKH./M
SKYWALKS ANALYZED
Borivali West Thane East Kalyan West Sion Kandivali East Kalanagar - Bandra East Ulhasnagar West Bandra West Dahisar West Wadala Santacruz East Grant Road Kalyan East Virar West Goregaon West Vasai Road West Andheri East Mira Road East Bandra Court East Bhandup West Vile Parle West Badlapur East Ulhasnagar East Vikhroli West Santacruz West Dahisar East Badlapur West Cotton Green Ambarnath West Chembur Ghatkopar West Virar East Bhayandar West Kanjurmag East Vidyavihar East Vidyavihar West 5.25 5.73 7.28 4.24 21.33 6.32 5.91 13.90 9.88 14.48 8.68 25.67 10.88 15.81 9.85 15.63 16.59 21.33 9.15 15.54 18.13 30.00 10.76 29.22 23.95 22.42 13.63 29.17 18.77
33.74 40.66 57.28 34.62
41.61 50.48
37.77
COST RS. IN CR.
Borivali West Thane East Kalyan West Sion Kandivali East Kalanagar - Bandra East Ulhasnagar West Bandra West Dahisar West Wadala Santacruz East Grant Road Kalyan East Virar West Goregaon West Vasai Road West Andheri East Mira Road East Bandra Court East Bhandup West Vile Parle West Badlapur East Ulhasnagar East Vikhroli West Santacruz West Dahisar East Badlapur West Cotton Green Ambarnath West Chembur Ghatkopar West Virar East Bhayandar West Kanjurmag East Vidyavihar East Vidyavihar West 14.88 18.06 18.30 19.73 19.94 16.89 14.53 14.51 18.03
24.19 30.12 44.51 33.78 32.78 27.72 26.38 55.48 42.66 77.66
24.86 29.48 51.64 40.63 33.61 36.07 24.23 36.49 58.61 33.32 25.20 98.10
44.13 94.80 23.65 30.00 48.86
COST/M RS. IN CR./M
Borivali West Thane East Kalyan E+W Sion Kandivali East Bandra E+W Ulhasnagar E+W Dahisar E+W Wadala Santacruz E+W Grant Road 20,570 73,034 14,329
87,173 1,37,870
1,10,895
1,54,363
Virar E+W Goregaon West Vasai Road West Andheri East Mira Road East Bhandup West Vile Parle West Badlapur E+W Vikhroli West 19,006
29,423
36,020 1,90,478
38,297
Cotton Green Ambarnath West Chembur Ghatkopar E+W Bhayandar West Kanjurmag East Vidyavihar E+W
37,697 56,115 36,421
40,375
COMMUTER/DAY RS. LAKH./M
Borivali West Thane East Kalyan E+W Sion Kandivali East Bandra E+W Ulhasnagar E+W Dahisar E+W Wadala Santacruz E+W Grant Road Virar E+W Goregaon West Vasai Road West Andheri East Mira Road East Bhandup West Vile Parle West Badlapur E+W Vikhroli West 440 465 460 841 525 581 625 615 650 915 750 1123 1260 1335 1041 1025 1350
1395
1924
Cotton Green Ambarnath West Chembur Ghatkopar West Bhayandar West Kanjurmag East Vidyavihar E+W 225 222 340 315 350 323
385
2328
Length
Sky Ride
5 10 15
WADALA WADALA
The Skyride applies the existing technology of the Skywalk to offer dedicated elevated decks for rickshaws, connecting infrastructural nodes to where the people are, in an expanding network of loops around the city.
Slow
0 1 2 3 5
Fast
10km
ROAD CONGESTION
/ Skilled ed l Unskil
Unskilled laborers Skilled laborers

>6000Rs. 5001 - 6000Rs. 4001 - 5000Rs. 3501 - 4000Rs. 3001 - 3500Rs. 0-3000Rs. National Park
MEAN MONTHLY EARNINGS
STACKED POPULATION INDEX*
Dharavi
SPI 291.8k
300k 275k 250k 225k 200k 175k 150k 125k 100k

87.5k
75k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* MAP

0 1 2 3 5 10km
62.5k
50k
37.5k
25k
12.5k
0 people/ oor
Average SPI
49.5k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* + TRAIN INTERSECTION
Existing
Planned for 2016
STACKED POPULATION INDEX + SKYWALKS INTERSECTION
Average SPI
60.7k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* + SKYWALKS INTERSECTION
200k 150k 100k 50k 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
SPI 49.7k
Western line
200k 150k 100k 50k 0
45 km
Central line
200k 150k 100k 50k 0
10
15
20
25
30
SPI 53.2k
35
40
45 km
Harbour line W
200k 150k 100k 50k 0 Stacked Population Index
10
15
20
SPI 51.0k
25
30
35
40
45 km
Harbour line E
10
15
20
SPI 44.6k
25
30
35
40
45 km
MONORAIL AND METRO LINE PROFILES
Average SPI
55.0k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* + MONORAIL AND METRO INTERSECTION
200k 150k 100k 50k 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SKYWALKS PROFILES
Completed skywalks
35 40 45 km
200k 150k 100k 50k 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 km
Planned skywalk for 2016

200k 150k 100k 50k 0 5
Redistributing inevitably underperforming skywalks

250k 200k 150k 100k 50k 0 Stacked Population Index people/ oor 5 Bandra/Dharavi
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45 km
SPI 91.5k
Bhandhup W 15 20
Skyride, skywalks 2.0
10
SPI 99.0k
25
Using allocated Skywalks funding to build the rst
SKYRIDES
30 35
40
45 km
A NEW HIGH SPEED TRANSIT
Average SPI
100.4k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX * + SKYRIDE INTERSECTION
Average SPI
80.9k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* + URBAN CONDUIT INTERSECTION
Stacked Population Index people/ oor 250k 200k 150k 100k 50k 0k
Urban Conduit average Stacked Density
80.9k
100.4k
250k 200k 150k 100k 50k 0k
Skyride average Stacked Density
250k 200k 150k 100k 50k 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 135km
+14.25km
2016
+25km
2020
2024
+25km
2028
+25km
2032
+25km
2035
+25km
Average SPI
69.1k
STACKED POPULATION INDEX* + TRANSIT SYSTEM INTERSECTION
2035
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
train metro monorail
2012
skywalk Urban Conduit Skyride
MOBILITY OVER TIME

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Sky Ride
SKYRIDE NETWORK by 2035

0 1 2 3 5 10km
SKYRIDE NETWORK by 2035

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Sky Ride
Sky Ride
Sky Ride
Heart of Mumbai*
Together, the Rickshaw Highway and the Skyrides complete Mumbais formal transit system with high frequency, cheap, and local commuting options.
IIT Bombay
SEEPZ
Chandivali
Airport Rd
Sahar Village
Saki Naka N
Vakola
Saki Naka
University of Mumbai Kurla Bandra Sion Dharavi
HEART OF MUMBAI*
0 0.5 1 2 3 5km
Urban Conduit
Bhandup W Mulund W MIDC Cadbury Jn Thane
IIT Bombay Vihar Lake
URBAN CONDUIT IN THE EASTERN SUBURBS
Sky Ride
Sky Ride
Sky Ride
Sky Ride
9.5%
90.5%
10km
25.1%
74.9%
SLUM 500M FROM A STATION (PLANNED)

0 1 2 3 5 10km
4.3%
25no dirywalks 6
wi th o sk t
00ct acc 0 e
p 0* es
95.7%
SLUMS WITH DIRECT ACCESS TO SKYWALKS

0 1 2 3 5 10km
*low estimate
33.4%
o d ort ll sti ith n ansp w tr to
0 c 50irect aaction 3
p 00 es
66.4%
SLUM WITH DIRECT ACCESS TO INFRA + WATER PIPELINES

0 1 2 3 5 10km
45.0%
o d ort ll sti ith n ansp w tr to
0 c 00irect aaction 6
p 00 es
55.0%
SLUM WITH DIRECT ACCESS TO INFRA + FLY OVER

0 1 2 3 5 10km
nn m slu ell co w
0 n 30nhabiteacted! 5 i
p 0*ts 0
100%
A CITY WITHIN THE CITY 100% CONNECTED!

0 1 2 3 5 10km
*low estimate
Super Sustainable Slum-marine
A New Mumbai water taxi network connects

fragmented informal settlements, carrying both people and goods across Manon Creek, Malad Creek, Mahim Creek, Mahim Bay, Mithi River, Back Bay and Pirpau Jetty.
Hail and Sail !
ble ina usta rine a er S Sup lum-M S

a Land Link initiative
south
center
north
BEHRAM PADA, BANDRA EAST INgENUITY HUB
COCOON HOTEL
BANDRA BANDRA
LANDLINK
Heart of Mumbai
30 25 20 15 10 5
SION SION
Metro and Monorail Reinforce Old Mumbai as a center and follow the west suburban expansion
TRANSPORTATION Future situation

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Super Sustainable Slum Scooter Rebalance Mumbai development towards its eastern arm
Land Link Greater Mumbai natural center of gravity
Proposal
0 1 2 3 5 10km
THE HEART OF GREATER MUMBAI

0 1 2 3 5 10km
LandLink Greater Mumbai natural center of gravity
THE HEART OF GREATER MUMBAI

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Bandra Kurla complex
100 200 300
500
1000m
MAHIM CREEK ENCROACHMENT 1976-2011
Green
Commercial
Slums
Infra
Mangrove encroachment around the Mahim is often blamed on the slums, when in reality, commercial highend properties are the main culprit.
...!
The alternative urban futures report - urbanisation and sustainability in indiam an interdependant agenda, Sanjeev Sanyal, Sumati Nagrath, Gorika Singla, WWF
BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEx 1977-2013
Stadium Market Hospital School University
HISTORICAL MUMBAI
PROxIMITY TO GREEN SPACE
SLUM ACCESS TO GREEN SPACE
Education - school
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
Education - university & college
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
Sport
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
Park
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
Marketplace
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
Hospital
Facilities
0 1 2 3 5 10km
ll e a lers r e a wel W d st) m o slu (alm

5 10 15 min
Walking distance to a slum

0 1 2 3 5 10km
slum population in the new HEART:
6,550,000
Stacked Population Index: 200,000
% lk 56 y by wa n rne ou mi muting j 28 com

Clusters based on walking distance
rag ve a e tim e
30 min
0
0
50
375
10
in
15
750
bi
kin g
10
1125
25
1500
2
1875
30min
2250m
30 minute access to sport

0 1 2 3 5 10km
30 minute access to education

0 1 2 3 5 10km
30 minute access to marketplace

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Education Hospital Park Sport Marketplace
30 min Access Clusters

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Slum network + pipelines + missed links
5 min from water 10 min
10 min 5 min from station
10 min 5 min from green
Slum network
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org Easy access to water, green, and infrastructure is the prerequisite for the genesis of a future pedestrian center of Mumbai.
Education Hospital Park Sport Marketplace
30 min Access Clusters

0 1 2 3 5 10km
School University Hospital Park Sport Markeplace
Heart of Mumbai Clusters

0 500 1000 1500 2500m
A new center
0 500 1000 1500 2500m
Heart of Mumbai
500
1000
1500
2500m
` Three factorsformal development, informal growth, and natureare struggling to use the same area. Can big and small, central and local strategies unite into a single vision? How can growth be planned to achieve both a social and ecological balance, and ultimately, where in Mumbai is there room to grow?
Heart of Mumbai
500
1000
1500
2500m
Heart of Mumbai
500
1000
1500
2500m
School University Hospital Park SportMarketplace
SEEPZ
Chandivali
Airport Rd
Richshaw Highway
Saki Naka N
Sahar Nagar
Sky Ride
Vakola Saki Naka
Kurla
Bandra
*
Dharavi
Sion
School university hospital market
train metro monorail skywalk Urban Conduit Skyride

*
HEART OF MUMBAI
0 200 400 600 1000 2000m
stadium public garden
Step by step projects on micro and macro levels begin to connect and support the larger vision.
SEEPZ
Chandivali
Airport Rd
Sahar Nagar
Saki Naka N
Vakola Saki Naka
Kurla
Bandra
Sion
Dharavi
School university hospital market

*
HEART OF MUMBAI
0 200 400 600 1000 2000m
stadium public garden
Chandivali SEEPZ
20 15 10 5
Airport Rd
5 10 5 10 15 20 25
Saki Naka N
Saki Naka
25 20 15 10 5
25 20 15 10
Bhandup W
Vihar Lake
25 20 15 10 5 20 15 10 5
train metro monorail skywalk
SUSTAINABLE ENCROACHMENT 2013

0 1 2 3 5 10km
SUSTAINABLE ENCROACHMENT 2035

0 1 2 3 5 10km
Urban Conduit Skyride
Starting with the slums, www.bmwguggenheimlab.org a transit-oriented strategy can transform Mumbai from within to reinvent itself into a green environment.
! . ..
MAROL MAROL
5 10 5 10 15 20 25
20 15 10 5
SEALINK SEALINK
Moscow Agglomeration Development Helsinki South Harbour Development Vancouver Downtown Redevelopment Yongsan International Business District, Seoul World Architecture Expo, Shanghai West Kowloon Cultural District Hanoi New Town, Vietnam Manhattan East River Esplanade
Singapore Port Redesign

Quito Lake Park Redevelopment, Ecuador
Brisbane Ferry Terminal Design
Soccer City Johannesburg
Parramatta Redevelopment Sydney
Rio 2016 Olympic Park
Major International Planning Competitions
India is a global blind spot o n design compe the map whe such a t s West n Kowloo itions. Specifi it comes to planni cally, c n in Ho ng omp ng ecolog and architec y overl ture, cr Kong- where etitions ap eative urban both p in rofessi - have eleva ted the dustries and onals a level. nd loca d l comm ebate engag in unities on a hi g Could gh th opport e Eastern Wh a unity f or Mum rf provide su ch an bai?
...!
SKYRIDE NETWORK IN SOUTH MUMBAI

0 400 800 1200 2000 4000m
As Mumbais Eastern Wharf becomes available for development, finally a profound opportunity for a fully holistic planning approach presents itself.
! . .
7 1
Wadala E / Sion E
Rashtriya Chemic & Fertilizers
8
Indian Oil Terminal
6
Sewri E Barat Petroleum Re nery
Rashtriya Chemicals & Fe

Mazgaon Dock
4
Masjid Bunder
2
Bombay Port Trust
MUMBAI EASTERN WHARF

0 400 800 1200 2000 4000m
7M 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6M 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5M 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4M
6.96
Dharavi scenario Slums taking over the area Population density 350 000 p/sqkm
DENSITY DESIGN
How to accomodate 2 800 000 people in 20 sqkm?
6.30 sqkm
8.Barat Petroleum Re nery

4.75
2.42 sqkm
3.91
7.Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers

1.33 sqkm
3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3M 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2M

1.93
Fair share between formal and informal city 30.5% Dharavi + 69.5% Sea View Population density 142 000 p/sqkm
2.82
United Mumbai Scenario
3.44
6.Indian Oil Terminal
2.57
5.Sewri E
2.48 sqkm
1.68 sqkm
4.Mazgaon Dock
1.98
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1M 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

0M Population estimation in millions
0.68 0.56 0.49 0.37 0.28 0.20 0.17 0 0 0 0.58 0.47
1.59 sqkm
1.58
Sea View Scenario High-end mixed-use development Population density 50 000 p/sqkm
0.99
1.40
1.43
3.Bombay Port Trust

0.76 sqkm
1.16 1.04
2.Masjid Bunder
0.81
3.32 sqkm
1.Wadala E / Sion E
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org As Mumbais Eastern Wharf be-
comes available, can we maintain the mixed densities that Mumbai currently has to offer?
...?!
Floor Space Index
2 1 0
non-slum Area
0 2 4 6 8
green
10 12 14 16
slum
18 20
in sqkm
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
10
18
11
REVERSED BUILT & POPULATION DENSITY
16
12
14
13
12
14
10
15
0 2 4 6 8
Area in sqkm
2
slum
green
10
12
14
16
non-slum
18
20
Population Density x10 000 people/sqkm
TOWERS OVER 150m

India Tower 720m - On hold
Completed Under construction
150m
250m
350m
450m
10km
FROM SPLIT CITY TO MIXED CITY

NON-SLUM + SLUM + GREEN
5 4
Reference section
20 sqkm
7 1
8 6
2 5
Potential development
20 sqkm
10km
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org Taking urban samples around
Mumbai with the same footprint as the Eastern Wharf project site, shows that the intended mix of 1/3 formal, 1/3 informal urban fabric and 1/3 green space can already be found across the city.
FROM SPLIT CITY TO MIXED CITY

0 0.5 1 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5
NON SLUM + SLUM + GREEN

15 km
Bombay Port Trust
Sewri E
Wadala E
Mumbai Eastern Wharf
Bandra
Kurla
Ghatkopar E
Section 1
Andheri
Marol Naka
Saki Naka
Section 2
Vokhroli W
Bhandup W
Thane
Section 3
Malad W
Borivali
Dahisar E
Section 4
Goregaon E
Kandivali E
Dahisar E
Section 5
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org Taking urban samples around
Mumbai with the same footprint as the Eastern Wharf project site, shows that the intended mix of 1/3 formal, 1/3 informal urban fabric and 1/3 green space can already be found across the city.
...?!
MUMBAI EASTERN WHARF

A GLOBAL COMPETITION FOR A GLOBAL CITY!
NON
SLU
M SLU
GRE
EN
www.bmwguggenheimlab.org As Mumbais Eastern Wharf becomes available for development, finally a profound opportunity for a fully holistic planning approach presents itself.
ifesto an
mbai u
nited

Manifesto United Mumbai

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Manifesto United Mumbai

MANIFESTO UNITED MUMBAI

SKYRIDE & AUTORICKSHAW HIGHWAY

YOUR FEEDBACK PLEASE!

University of Mumbai Kurla

Skyride* Rickshaw Highway*

SLUM SURFACE AREA

UNOFFICIAL NUMBERS AS HIGH AS 78%

MUMBAI SPLIT CITY

MUMBAI SPLIT CITY

MUMBAI SPLIT CITY

YOUR FEEDBACK PLEASE

d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?

d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?

d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?

d=0 FAR = 0 SPI = ?

rural village suburban village

d = 400 FAR = 0.05 SPI = 20 000

d = 600 FAR = 0.15 SPI = 4 000

d = 10 000 FAR = 0.55 SPI = 18 000

d = 15 000 FAR = 0.65 SPI = 23 000

d=0 FAR = 0.15 SPI = 0

d = 5 000 FAR = 0.35 SPI = 15 000

d=0 FAR = 1.6 SPI = 0

d = 24 000 FAR = 0.8 SPI = 30 000

d = 12 500 FAR = 0.5 SPI = 25 000

d = 35 000 FAR = 0.6 SPI = 60 000

d = 25 000 FAR = 0.55 SPI = 45 000

d = 70 000 FAR = 1.7 SPI = 40 000

d = 160 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 80 000

d = 325 000 FAR = 5 SPI = 65 000

res & ind

sub center historical center new development

d = 1000 FAR = 0.2 SPI = 5000

d = 35 000 FAR = 0.9 SPI = 39 000

d = 60 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 30 000

d = 100 000 FAR = 2.5 SPI = 40 000

d = 130 000 FAR = 2.5 SPI = 52 000

d = 300 000 FAR = 5.5 SPI = 55 000

relocation super relocation

d = 250 000 FAR = 1.3 SPI = 190 000

d = 400 000 FAR = 2 SPI = 200 000

d = 300 000 FAR = 4.5 SPI = 70 000

d = 1 200 000 FAR = 9.5 SPI = 125 000

KEY URBAN TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI

STACKED POPULATION DENSITY

center of urban gravity

Population shift south to north

Latrine within premises

Water within premises

SRA Develop. 4.6

WATER SOURCES OF MUMBAI

MODAK SAGAR 100 TANSA BHATSA

MUMBAI WATER SUPPLY

KHARGI HILL RESERVOIR UPPER VAITARNA

PINJAL RESERVOIR MIDDLE VAITARNA DAM MODAK SAGAR

Aarey Milk Colony

WATER LEVEL TREND 1998-2007

FLOODED AREA IN 2005

Bhandup Powai Veravali Maroshi

WATER TUNNELS WATERSHEDS

BHANDUP WATER TREATMENT PLANT: THE BIGGEST IN ASIA

piped water alone will not suffice