Asa French and Shays' Rebellion

Mark Dionne

The following article appeared in the Hampshire Gazette newspaper in Northampton, Massachusetts,
on July 11, 1896, shortly after the death of Marvin Marcy French, a well-known merchant in the town.
Towards the end, it contains an interesting bit of history about Shays' Rebellion which probably has
not been recorded elsewhere.

About the French Family

Reminiscences by Henry Shepherd.

Northampton, July 11, 1896

This event has removed from Northampton one of the

oldest merchants and highly esteemed genial fellow
citizens. He will long be missed by all who knew
him best, especially by one who has known him
from his childhood, and also knew his no less
genial father, Jabez French, and also knew
his heroic grandfather, Captain Asa French, all
of whom have true descendants of New England stock.

Industry, economy and character have been

prominent elements with Marvin M. French and his
father, and steady accumulation of property has been
the result. Jabez devoted his energy and talent as
carpenter and house builder, and Marvin devoted his
energy and skill to tailoring, ready made goods, etc.

During a part of the period between 1815 and 1820

Jabez French was my father's head farmer on Round Hill
a few years, and then left it for the carpenter's
business, in which he continued during his life
successfully. He was one of nature's noblemen. His
pleasing address was alike natural and charming to the
humble as the opulent. He was often pronounced the
handsomest man in town.

The pleasing twinkle in the eye of Marvin M. French

belonged there; it was his inheritance, but Jabez French
was no match for Marvin in pungent jest, or ready
anecdote, in fact there were few his equal. The old
Revolutionary hero, "Captain" Asa French, the father of
Jabez, (as a boy I remember him), was cheerful and jolly,
and yet his record declares him a Bonaparte when occasion
required it, and one of those occasions is interesting
even at this late day. During Shay's rebellion, as it
was called, in 1786, the state of Massachusetts hurriedly
ordered troops to assemble at Springfield to check Shay's
men, who were marching there, as they had before, to
prevent the court's sitting, which would give power to
individuals who had mortgages on farms and homes of poor
soldiers and others to foreclose those mortgages and thus
deprive the soldiers and others of their homes.
The real facts were terribly severe upon the soldiers
of the Revolution, who had fought seven years to form this
government, and the same government was depriving these
soldiers of their homes and would not accept in payment
the U.S. scrip, which was the only payment the soldiers
had received for their services. This scrip paid to the
soldiers for one month's services would buy only one
bushel of wheat.

Among troops hurriedly mustered by the state to Spring-

field at that time was a company from Williamsburg. The
men marched nearly to West Springfield the first day, and
camped for the night, and there talked matters over, and
then came to the conclusion that their homes would be sold
for their debts and it was their duty to assist Shay. Then
came the question who would dare to defy the state of Massa-
chusetts and assume command of the company. Asa French, a
private in the company, declared that he would take command,
which involved a death penalty if not successful. The next
morning the captain of the company formed it in line of
march, and then Asa French stepped from the ranks and
commanded Sergeant Hemingway to take a file of soldiers and
put the captain under guard. He was held a prisoner, and
the company crossed the Connecticut river on the ice and
joined Shay's army, which was defeated that day by the state
troops. Shay's men dispersed in small squads to their homes
and were disgraced for defending a just cause. So great was
the odium that no record of its company was kept in Williams-
burg. There was so much sympathy in the community for the
Shay cause that all, or nearly all, the members were treated
with leniency and slight records were made of their trans-
action except at the state house in Boston. Asa French was
a resident of Williamsburg then, but later of Northampton.

Here is illustrated three generations of New England

character. It is this development that has established
free institutions. Character may endure when blood relation
has lost its identity in diffusion.

H. Sheph

I have tried to verify the story about Asa French's involvement in Shays' Rebellion. I have not found
any facts that contradict any part of the story. It is well established that Asa French (1757-1842) was a
veteran of the Revolution, who later received a pension in Northampton. (He did not hold the rank of
captain.)

In A History of Williamsburg in Massachusetts, by Phyllis Baker Deming (Hampshire Bookshop,

Northampton, Mass. 1946.; available at HeritageQuestOnline.com) I found the following about
Captain Jonathan Warner (1743-1826) of Williamsburg:

Captain Warner was an officer during the war of the Revolution. He was wounded
in the shoulder at the battle of Saratoga. His final commission, appointing him
to the rank of second lieutenant, was dated at Watertown, April 8, 1776, and signed
by such men as James Otis, Caleb Cushing, and James Prescott. Later, in 1781,
when he became captain, his commission was signed by Governor John Hancock. After
the Revolution when orders for men to join the Continental Army were issued, it
was to Captain Warner that the orders were dispatched. One of these orders was
to answer the crisis of Shay's Rebellion. Warner was later captured by some of
Shay's men, and held prisoner for several days. Reimbursement for his horse and
sundry articles which he lost because of this incident was collected in due
time at Warner's insistent demand.

Note that the Continental Army was disbanded in 1783. The militias opposing Shays' men were
actually raised privately. Also note that there was another Jonathan Warner, a General from Worcester,
who played a central role on the government side in Shays' Rebellion.

Mr. Ralmon Black of the Williamsburgh Historical Commission found the following account in the
Northampton Gazette & Courier, March 26, 1861. The information in the article was collected by
Henry S. Gere:

CAPT. JONATHAN WARNER

“Capt. Warner was an officer during the war of the Revolution. His first commission, appointing him a second
Lieutenant, was dated at Watertown, April 8th, 1776, and signed by the “Major part of the Council of
Massachusetts Bay.” Fifteen names are appended, and among them are the autographs of James Otis, Caleb
Cushing, B. Lincoln, (afterward General,) and James Prescott. This commission appears to have been prepared
for use under the authority of the King, and the line reading, “In the year of the reign of King George Third,” is
erased with a pen. He subsequently received two other commissions, signed by the “Major part of the Council,”
and in 1781 received a Captain’s commission signed by Gov. John Hancock. His terms of service in the army
are unknown at present, but he was wounded in the shoulder by a ball, most probably at Saratoga or
Bennington, which troubled him through life. He refused to apply for a pension, which he might have obtained,
because he thought himself well off without it, and the country too poor to pay it. Among his papers is a
Regimental order, dated July, 1781, which he is required, “immediately, without loss of time,” to put in execution,
and be at Northampton with his men to be mustered. Appended to this order is an act of the House of
Representatives, resolving, in response to the earnest request of General Washington that 2700 men be
immediately raised in this commonwealth and sent on to join the continental army at West Point, or such other
place as the commander-in-chief shall direct, and that each man shall provide for himself a good firelock,
bayonet, cartridge-box, haversack and blanket. Then follows a list of the towns and the number of men each is
required to furnish, which shows the relative proportion of their population. Springfield is required to furnish 20,
Northampton 17, Hadley 10, Williamsburg 6, Deerfield 11, Greenfield 8, Conway 10, Pelham 8, Ware 5,
Charlemont 4, Ashfield 8, Worthington 7, Chesterfield 9, Westhampton 3, Buckland 8.

In 1786, Dec. 4, during Shay’s Rebellion, an order emanating from Gen. Shepard, was sent to Capt. Warner, by
which he was requested to assemble his company, see that they were well armed, well clothed, and furnished
with ammunition and provisions for 15 days, and march them with all possible speed to Northampton where he
would receive further orders. The order is still in existence, but it bears no record of the result. It was probably
duly obeyed, however, as Capt. Warner was a strong government man and was subsequently, while riding alone
on horse-back near Horse Mountain in Northampton, suddenly surprised and taken prisoner by the Shay’s men
and carried to Pelham or Petersham, where he remained in duress for several days, suffering for want of
necessaries which he had not the means with him to purchase. This circumstance led him to form the resolution
never to be without money in his pocket, and his family recollect that he duly kept his resolution and carried a
five-dollar bill with him ever after. His horse was not returned to him, and after the rebellion was crushed it
appears that he commenced a suit for it. A letter from W. Williams dated Dalton, 23d Nov., 1787, concerning the
case, conveys a moral suited to the present times. He says— “My neighbors, the Chamberlains and others, who
committed a trespass against you last winter, of a highly aggravated nature, appear to be sensible of the wrong
done you and disposed to make complete satisfaction for it. If your feelings will suffer you, in settling with them,
to comport with the ideas government seems to have entertained of the folly and madness of the times, and so
lower your demands as far as you can and do yourself justice, you will probably in the review feel yourself as
happy, as to press matters as far as legal right might allow.” The appeal seems to have been effectual, as a
receipt eventually follows, in the following words:-- “Received of Benj. Chamberlain and the party that took me
and my horse, saddle, and bridle, Thirty-Five Pounds, L. M., in full of all demands from the beginning of the
world to this day.”
The following questions are open for research:

• Are there any other accounts of the mutiny of the Williamsburg company?
• Are there any records for the Williamsburg militia regiment?
• Who were Sergeant Hemingway, Benj. Chamberlain and W. Williams?

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Brian McCulloch, who discovered the Hampshire Gazette article in March, 2002. Eric
Weber and Ralmon Black of the Williamsburgh Historical Commission also provided invaluable help.

Copyright © 2006 Mark Dionne. All Rights Reserved. This work is based on original research by
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