New 2000 plus

inglisuri ena
sabazo da saSualo safexuri

done 3 VIII klasi

moswavlis wigni

tatiana bukia irina CiburdaniZe

konsultanti bari uotsoni britaneTis sabWo

ocdameerTe

rekomendebulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier.

inglisuri enis saxelmZRvanelo sabazo da saSualo safexuri, done 3 (VIII klasi) New 2000 Plus moswavlis wigni avtorebi: tatiana bukia, irina CiburdaniZe konsultanti: bari uotsoni britaneTis sabWo

mxatvari sofa kinwuraSvili

saxelmZRvanelos Semadgeneli nawilebi: 1. moswavlis wigni 2. samuSao rveuli 3. testebi 4. maswavleblis wigni 5. CD
saavtoro ufleba 2007 gamomcemloba ocdameerTe yvela ufleba daculia mesame gamocema 2009 ISBN 978-99940-979-6-8 gamomcemloba ocdameerTe tel.: (8.32) 103.205. mob.: 877 742146 el. fosta: tatbukia@yahoo.co.uk veb gverdi: bukia21st,ge

saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi 2009/2010 wlisTvis

ucxour enebSi
gamomcemloba `ocdameerTe~

inglisuri ena
dawyebiTi skolisTvis, swavlebis I da II wlebi (III-IV klasebi), Setting Out (BOOK 1- me-3 klasi da BOOK 2 done d-2) avtorebi: tatiana bukia, bari uotsoni

Setting Out book 124 plakati da sityvebis da suraTebis baraTebi.

Unit

16
U Uni t

V -VI klasebisTvis, swavlebis I da II wlebi - 2000 Plus. avtorebi: tatiana bukia da irina CiburdaniZe (konsultanti bari uotsoni)
21

VII (done s-2), VIII, IX klasebi, swavlebis III-V wlebi, New 2000 Plus. avtorebi: tatiana bukia da irina CiburdaniZe (konsultanti bari uotsoni)

X (done s-5), XI, XII klasebi, swavlebis VI-VIII wlebi, New Wave. avtorebi: lia goqsaZe da Tamar faRava (konsultanti britaneTis sabWo)

sabazo/saSualo skolis damwyebTaTvis, rogorc II/III ucxo ena. done s-1 _ Get Going! avtorebi: tatiana bukia , patricia holi

rusuli ena
rusuli ena damwyebTaTvis (me-3 klasi da d-2). avtorebi: marina barsegova da svetlana boldakova.

franguli ena
Bonne Chance - done s-2 avtorebi: elene kilaZe, iza jinjixaZe. redaqtori: Jan batiu. Bonne Chance - me-11 klasisTvis, avtorebi: elene kilaZe, nadeJ peSe, toma romer

germanuli ena
done s-2 (me-7), me-8, me-9, me-10 da me-11 klasebi avtori: svetlana boldakova Natrlich Deutsch doneebi s-2, s-3, s-4, s-5 (me-9, me-10, me-11 da me-12 klasebi). avtorebi: liana jalaRonia da Tea jaSiaSvili. redaqtori: margret vegmani

sad SeiZleba yidva

1. Tbilisi, vagzlis moedani 2, miwisqveSa savaWro centri oqros birJa, wignis maRazia Tbiliselebi.  (8-32) 18-16-21 , 899 27-66-99, 899 79-49-39 2. Tbilisi, (gadasasvlel xidTan) cotne dadianis 43, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis maRazia. Sps primavera jorjia.  (832) 96-62-38, 899 17-63-07
SeniSvna: skolebSi darigebul bukletebSi da Cveni gamomcemlobis vebgverdze bukia21st.ge ganTavsebulia misamarTebi mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, sadac SegeZlebaT wignebis SeZena SedarebiT SeRavaTian fasebSi.

dagvikavSirdiT _ gagiwevT konsultacias dawereT werilebi Cvens veb-gverdze, dagvisviT SekiTxvebi. saxelmZRvanelos avtori gipasuxebT.

veb gverdi: www.bukia21st.ge el. fosta: tatbukia@yahoo.co.uk cxeli xazi. telefonebi: (8 32) 103-205; mob. 877.74.21.46 darekeT 9 dan 18 saaTamde.

CONTENTS
Page Unit 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Progress test 1 Unit 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 REVISION Unit 4 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Progress test 2 Unit 5 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Unit 6 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 REVISION Progress test 3 Unit 7 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Progress test 4 Unit 9 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 REVISION Unit 10 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Progress test 5 Unit 11 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 REVISION Year nal achievement test APPENDICES OUR FUTURE Thoughts about tomorrow What I will do when I grow up Communication STUDYING ABROAD Youth exchange program Meet the winner American High School (Test booklet) BEING GREAT Build your own character Great people of our day Who looks on the bright side of things? WHAT I KNOW SO FAR ENDANGERED SPECIES Keeping a balance in nature Dont kill sparrows Dogs nature (Test booklet) A FEW REASONS FOR GOING TO SCHOOL How to do something on your own How to work on a computer A smart duck KEEP FIT Smoking is bad for health Take care, be healthy Build your bones WHAT I KNOW SO FAR (Test booklet) FOOD Georgian food American schoolchildrens lunch Potluck OUR ENVIRONMENT Man and Nature A driving incident The Forty-niners (Test booklet) ART Special people on the earth Kinds of music The Empire State Building WHAT I KNOW SO FAR SUMMER TIME The tanning culture Religious songs Long term effects of the Sun (Test booklet) WATER The importance of water River water The Abanotubani district WHAT I KNOW SO FAR (Test booklet) Revision: What I know so far Key to What I know so far Notes for Units Grammar reference Irregular verbs Vocabulary 7 12 16 20 25 28 32 36 39 132 43 44 48 52 56 60 63 66 69 72 74 134 78 79 83 85 89 90 95 98 101 105 108 136 111 115 119 122 126 128 139 132 141 142 144 151 153

UNIT ONE

LESSON 1

OUR FUTURE
1. What is the text about? (For this read the title, the rst sentence of every paragraph and the last sentence of the text). 2. Read silently. Choose one text which sounds like your tomorrow.

Thoughts about tomorrow

One day the teacher came into the classroom and said, Write from ve to ten sentences about tomorrow. Close your eyes. Imagine what you are going to do tomorrow, or what you would like to do. Then open your eyes and write. Everybody did as they were told. This is what some of them wrote:
While reading, nd the English words for

dapirde, fulis Segroveba, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, sul cota (...mainc), rogorc ki, boroti, daxrCoba, damalva, rigi, mkvleli, menaxire, venaxi.

3.
1.
Ia, aged 14 s. My mother morrow come l to t I can I cant wait til a shop so tha to take me to me es, I have so has promised s I like. Besid oe it. Now I choose any sh I have saved with y 15 Laris. more mone to buy a scarf So Im going aing to the the can spend it. vening Im go the e on. It my money. In know what is iends. I dont s. I se new thing tre with my fr l wear all the r. Il doesnt matte else now. bout anything t think a can

Mamuka, aged 13

Maya, aged 14 The rst thing th at I think of is I ha ve to get up early tom orrow. Before sc hool I have to exercise. I bo ught a new aero bics video for exercising. S o if I wake up in time Ill exercise in the mor ning. I love aero bics. It is much more fun th an training in the gym. After school I think Ill go to visit my friend. She had an operatio n a week ago, after a car crash. So I try to visit her as much as I can. Ill tell her whats going on in scho ol, about our lessons, so that she knows what were doing in class. When I get hom e Ill probably do my lesson s. In the evening Im going to help Mum with the cooking. She comes home from work very tired. So I us ually help her, at least twic e a week, whene ver I can.

2.

As soon as I closed my eyes, I began thinking about the kittens in my yard. A homeless cat had three kittens two days ago. The yard-keeper is a very cruel man. He wanted to drown them. He says there are too many homeless cats around. So two other boys and I decided to hide them and take care of them. Theyre growing very fast. Before school Im going to take some milk to them so that they dont mew and the yard-keeper does not hear them. Tomorrow morning its my turn to do it. Then, after school, I have to go for my music lesson, and after that to the gym. Then I have to do my lessons, and if I have time Ill probably read a book. The book Im reading now is really interesting. It is a detective story, about the great detective Sherlock Holmes. I hope he can nd the murderer soon, and I cant wait to read who it is.

UNIT ONE

LESSON 1

UNIT ONE

4.

Beso, aged 14 imagine tomorrow. ToI dont have to close my eyes to same things I do every morrow Im going to do exactly the Perhaps Ill help Mum to day. I have to get up very early. . We have to milk her and feed the chickens and milk the cow res a cowherd who takes then take her into the eld. The , so that she doesnt get care of her when shes in the eld ly help Dad in the vinelost. After school I think Ill probab him. It is autumn now, so yard. He asked me if I could help I think Ill do my lessons he is working a lot in the vineyard. watch TV or read in the in the evening. Usually I cannot y tired. So in the evening evening in autumn. Im usually ver I think Ill fall asleep at once.
3. Find the text in which they speak about: a) chickens and cows ...... b) a cruel yard-keeper ...... c) training in the gym ....... d) a car accident .............. e) saving some money ..... f) cooking ....... g) taking turns to do some work .... h) reading a detective story ......... i) vineyard .........

4. Match the words in the two languages. Call out the sentences from the text. (Or do it in pairs). One is extra. daxrCoba drown ara aqvs mniSvneloba it doesnt matter damalva hide boroti vineyard meezove as soon as venaxi cowherd sul cota (...mainc) save money murderer Cemi rigi promise fulis Segroveba my turn menaxire at least dapirde cruel mkvleli

rogorc ki

5. Mark at least one thing that you will do tomorrow which is different from the text you have chosen. Compare with your partner. 6. True or False? Two of these sentences are false. Find them. Copy them and write why they are not true. Read to the teacher. Model: ____ is false, because ____________ .

Mamuka is a kind boy. Mamuka doesnt like reading. Beso is a hard-working boy. Mamuka studies music. Beso doesnt have much time for fun.

Ias interest is wearing new clothes. Ia exercises in the morning. Maya is friendly. Maya takes care of her body. Ia is going shopping on her own.

7. Write down short answers to these questions. Then choose 4 of your answers and read them to your partner. He will listen and tell you the numbers of the questions. Example: Answer: 15 laris. Question: Number 1. 1.How much money has Ia saved? ............................................................................ 2.What is Ia going to buy with the money? ................................................................ 3.What is Ia going to wear tomorrow? ....................................................................... 4.What does Maya do before school? ....................................................................... 5.Who was injured in a car accident? ........................................................................

UNIT ONE

LESSON 1

6.How old are the children? ....................................................................................... 7.What did two boys decide to do with the kittens? .................................................. 8.Where is Mamuka going after school? .................................................................. 9.Why cant Beso watch TV in the evening? ............................................................ 10.Who is going to feed the chickens? .....................................................................

More words

Fast reading
8. Write 6 words.

yvinedar, rowhecd, leucr, wonrd, dihe, asev.

9. a) In pairs. Ask and match the words and denitions. Example: How do we describe a clever person? b. ______________

clever stupid lazy hard-working generous

a. A person who is slow to learn and understand things. b. A person who does things himself and does not need help c. A person who does not work, who likes to do nothing, d. A person who can easily and quickly understand everything e. A person who is ready to give freely.

b) Complete the following situations with the words above. Call them out. A. Temuri reads a math problem again and again. Then he thinks: I cant do this math problem. I dont understand it. Ill ask Nodar to explain it to me. He knows everything. Hell be able to do it. Nodar is ___________ . B. When Mum came home after work she saw that there were a lot of dirty dishes in the kitchen, there were clothes on the chairs and on the sofa, Marys bed wasnt made, her schoolbag was on the table and she was lying on the sofa and watching TV. Mary is _______________ . C. Levan had to translate a very difcult English text. He didnt know many of the words in it. Levan spent two evenings nding the words in his dictionary. Then he spent two more evenings translating the text. Levan is ________________ . D. Gios friend Nika was in town for two days only. He wanted very much to go skiing with other boys, but he didnt have skis. Gio gave him his skis, he thought he could go skiing another time. Gio is ___________ . E. Dato, how many times have I told you! You must not cross the street where there is no crossing, or when the trafc light is red for pedestrians. You should use the underground crossing. One day youll be hit by a car. Dato didnt listen to his father. Now he is in hospital. A car hit him when he was crossing the street last week. Dato is __________.

Read quickly.
10. In each line underline the word which means the same as the rst word. The rst line is done for you.

murderer cruel drown promise as soon as vineyard exercise v. crash n.

detective kind bring say where cucumber arrive travel

artist not kind water take when apple train cry

actor excited kill give why garden hurry knock

killer cool throw send time fruit leave accident

LESSON 1

UNIT ONE

11. Choose a word from the box below to ll the gaps. Then listen and check. Example: 1.Ill help Maya with exercises.

is going have to

wants

ll help

goes

to wear

ll read

1. Perhaps I .......................................... Maya with English grammar exercises. 2. Tina is going ........................................... her new dress to the theatre. 3. Mum .......................................................... to bake cookies for evening tea. 4. Dad is working a lot in the vineyard, so I ........................ take care of owers. 5. If Rezo has time in the evening, he .......................................... a detective. 6. On Thursday Anne ............................. to the music lesson and then to the gym.
12. Match the dialogues with the texts of the lesson. There are two to match one.

A. __________________________
- Mum, will you please wake me up at 7.15 tomorrow? - Sure, but why so early? - Theres aerobics program on T.V. at 7.25. Ill do aerobics with them. Its fun. And I want to keep t. - O.K. And what time will you come from school? - Do you want me to help you with cooking? Ill do it in the evening, I promise. - Good. Go to sleep now. - Good night. - Good night.

B. __________________________
A telephone ringing. - Hello. Yes, its me. Howre you, Teresa? - Fine, thanks, and you? - I cant wait till tomorrow comes. Are you also coming to the theatre? - Whats on? - I dont know. But I just want to go out. - O.K.Who else is coming? - I think there are ve or six of us. - Sounds great. Have we got the tickets? - Not yet, but I dont think its a problem. Lets meet at the box-ofce. - All right. See you tomorrow, then. - See you. E. _________________ (Yard-keeper) - Again kittens!! So many homeless cats around! (Boys, to each other) - We have to feed the kittens at least four times a day. Theyll mew if theyre hungry, and the yard-keeper will nd them. - Right. Tomorrow morning, before school, Ill bring some milk. - Lets take turns. Ill do it in the afternoon. - Good. I have a music lesson, and then gym after school. So Ill do it in the evening. - O.K.

C. _________________
- Can I help you? - Yes, please. Were looking for a pair of shoes for this young girl. - Come this way, please. Do you want ats or high heels? - Mum, high heels, please. I like these brown shoes, theyre not very high. - How much are they? - 59 laris. - Try them on. Do they t? - Yes. Theyre just my size. Thank you, mum. - Heres 60 laris. - Heres your change. - Thank you. Goodbye.

D. _______________
- Autumn is a great time, but so much work to do! - People in town dont understand it. - Autumn or winter is the same for them. - Today theres work in the vineyard, and in the garden too. - Ill help you, after school. - Thats after 2 oclock? Too late. My day starts at 6, not 9, like yours. - O.K. Dad, Ill help you before school.

13. In pairs. Choose one conversation, take a minute to memorise it and act it out.

10

UNIT ONE
14. Read the text that you have chosen again. Underline the sentences expressing future time. How is it expressed?

LESSON 1

Remember

Fo For future action use the future simple tense or to be going to... ( = planning) Example: I will teach little kids math. I am going to be a teacher. Ex Read Grammar Reference R

15. In pairs. a) Choose from list A what you will do or what you wont do tomorrow. You may begin your sentence with one of these phrases: I think / I dont think Ill..., Ill probably /

I probably wont..., Perhaps Ill / Perhaps I wont...

Example: I think Ill visit my friend. b) Choose from list B a reason for each of your choices. Write at least three sentences. Tell your partner why you are going to do the things Example: Im going to visit my friend because he is sick.

A
buy some new shoes, wear some new clothes, go to the movies, do some exercises in the morning, read a book in the evening, help mum, watch TV bring a kitten home help my brother with his math do my lessons in the evening, go to bed early

B
my friend is sick. Im very tired. I love animals. Im busy in the afternoon my feet have got bigger. I have three pairs of shoes. Im going to the party. I have to get ready for the English test. I want to be t. there is a new lm on. nothing interesting is on. mum is against it. he must do it himself

16. a) Make at least 3 questions about the future with why and answers with because. Then match the questions (column 1) and the answers (column 2). Example: Question: you, stay, school, after classes; Answer: train, in the gym Why will you (or: are you going to) stay at school after classes? - Because Im going to train in the gym.

1.
1. Ia, go, shop, tomorrow 2. Maya, get up, early, in the morning 3. cant, Tatia and Mamuka, stay, with us, next weekend 4. the kids, take, milk, to the kittens 5. your brother, learn, French 6. Beso, wont watch, TV, in the evening 7. you, took, the glue, from my drawer
17. Write a little note to a friend about what you are or you are not going to do tomorrow and why. You can use this model:

2
a. do, lessons b. buy, new shoes c. make, paper puppet d. work, France, next year e. exercise f. see, grandmother, village g. feed them

(Date) __________________ Hi, ___________, I know that we agreed to _____ But I think _______________, Because ________. See you __________, All the best, __________

18. In pairs. Compose a conversation (use conversations in ex. 12). Take some time to memorise it. Act it out in class.

11

REVISION

FU FUTURE TIME

Grammar 1

LESSON 2

UNIT ONE

What I will do when I grow up

Getting ready for the task
19. Write three sentences about what you think you are going to do when you grow up. 20. Listen and mark the boxes showing what Mariam thinks and wants. 21. Listen again and mark what Marams brother thinks. 22. Listen again and mark what Mariams mother believes is right.

What they think Wants to be famous Helps animals Thinks Mariam is lazy Wants to have lots of fun Wants to do good Wants to have an easy life Reads about lm stars in magazines Wants to spend her money on clothes Wants to be admired Helps people who are in trouble Does not let a dirty homeless puppy into the house Thinks that actors and actresses dont have easy lives

Mariam

Mariams brother

Mariams mother

23. Read the table again. Copy sentences about what you do not like. 24. Write what you are going to do or to have when you grow up. (Use your 3 sentences and the ideas of the text about Mariam). Example: Im going to have OR Ill have... 25. In pairs. Tell your partner what you wrote, and listen to what they wrote. Then tell another pair (or the class) what you and your friend like or dont like about the people in Mariams text.

26. Find and copy two sentences expressing present time in two different ways (text of Lesson 1).

1. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________

Grammar 2

Remember

For present action use: I do (he, she does) - the present simple tense and I am doing the present continuous tense.
Read Grammar reference.

12

REVISION

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

UNIT ONE

LESSON 2

27. Write A (for Present simple) or B (for Present continuous) after each sentence.

1. She likes me to help her. 2. What are you doing at the moment? 3. She comes home from work very tired. 4. So I usually help her, at least twice a week. 5. The book Im reading now is really interesting. 6. It is autumn. 7. We are having dinner. MEMORY TEST
28. Look at the pictures for 30 seconds. Then close the book and say to your partner about the actons. Who will say more sentences? Tell the teacher. Model: A _______ is _______ing.

2 1

4 5 6

7 9 8

10 11

13

LESSON 2

UNIT ONE

29. Look at the same pictures again. Ask your partner questions about the actions. Get him to answer. Use Probably, OR: I dont think... in the answer. Example: Does he (she) _________ every day? OR: do they _________ every day? 30. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Where is Anna? She (talk) __________ to mum in her room. 2. Nino is so boring! She (talk) _____________ too much . 3. Where are the kids? They (play)___ ________ tennis, in the yard. 4. Why are you in such a hurry? I (run) __________ home. I (read) ____________ a very interesting book and I cant wait to read it. 5. I (hear) _________ your voice very well. 6. Thank you very much. This cake (smell) _ ________ good and 7. it (taste) ____________ good too. 8. My grandmother (have) _______ seven grandchildren. She (love) ___________ us all.
31. Write as many questions as you can in 5 minutes about each picture in the present simple and the present continuous tenses. Use Is...?/ Are...?/ Is/Are doing...? Does...? Then say the number of questions to the teacher. Who wrote more? Read your questions to the class. Example: Picture 1: Is the teacher speaking? Is she reading? Does she read very often?

3 2 1

6 8

7 9

14

UNIT ONE

LESSON 2

32. Mark each sentence A for Present simple, B for Present continuous, C for Future simple.

1. Tomorrow will probably be exactly like any other day. 2. A cowherd takes care of our cow. 3. a. Anna is in the garden. b. She is helping mum pick apples. 4. Perhaps Ill help Mum with the chickens and the cow. 5. After school I think Ill go to visit my friend. 6. Ill tell my friend about school. 7. I wont be able to watch TV. 8. We are dancing. 9. She comes from work very tired.
33. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets (present simple, present continuous, future simple).

1. Gio (drive) ___________ the car very well. He is a fantastic driver. 2. Why Maya (cry) __________ ? She cant do her math. 3. Tornike (have) ____________ a wonderful voice, but he never (sing) __________ when there is somebody in the room. 4. Tomorrow the weather (be) ________ ne. There (be) ______ no clouds in the sky. 5. We have a match next week against another team in our school. Im sure we (win)____. 6. We probably (stay) ___________ at home the whole day. We (prepare) _____________ for the exams next week. 7. What you (wear) ___________ for the school party tomorrow? Im not sure. I think I (wear) ________ my blue shirt and white trousers.
34. Write a letter to your English-speaking friend about what you are going to do tomorrow. The beginning will make your task easier.

Use:

I am going to have to. ................,

..........................................

Hi, ___________________________ How are you? Tomorrow is the first day of school, so Ill have no time to write to you for a week, at least. What are you going to do? How are you going to spend tomorrow? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________

35. In pairs. Take 3 4 minutes to compose a conversation about what you are going to do tomorrow. Act it out in groups of four with another pair.

15

LESSON 3 Did you know

UNIT ONE

Communication*
36. Write in two columns: I Information new for you; II. Information old for you. Compare with your partner (or students in class).

What is Internet
Nowadays it is easy to get in touch with people all over the world. You can get in touch with people not only by letter or by telephone. You can do it by computer. You can also get information through computer. Write your question about anything that you want to know, give the search command, and get the answer. How does this happen? Computers are joined to telephone lines. The telephone lines link computers all over the world to a huge computer network. This network is called the Internet. All computers can be joined in this huge network. On the Internet you can send electronic messages to other users people who use computers. And you can get messages from other users. This kind of message is called e-mail electronic mail. By e-mail you can get in touch with anybody in any country of the world. And it will take just several minutes, not more. On the Internet you can also have a chat with another person you can have electronic on line conversations. You can send a message and a minute later you can read the answer. You can read each others messages almost immediately. And of course, the internet is a good place to make friends!

37.Write seven pairs of words. Choose one for each from the box. There is one extra word. Example: all over the world

More words

Electronic, in touch, the world, telephone, network, on-line, friends.

all over, get, computer, lines, make, hold, conversation, mail

38. Odd one out. Which word is different? Tell the class why you have chosen each one.

1. telephone, computer, bicycle, radio, TV 2. dog, parrot, elephant, cowherd, chicken 3. famous, painting, idle, clever, hardworking 4. nger, tongue, man, nose, hand 5. sea, river, ocean, lake, mountain 16

UNIT ONE

LESSON 3

39. 1) Copy a sentence with can+ a verb (Text in Lesson 1). Copy the same sentence, leaving out can. What is the difference between your two sentences? 2) Compare: I can spend my money I spend my money. In which of these sentences does the speaker speak about: a) an action (moqmedeba); b) his attitude to an action (damokidebuleba); Can describes an attitude to an action. It is a modal verb.

Grammar 3

CAN COULD BE ABLE (TO)

Remember

1) I can hear your voice. He can lift very heavy things. She can visit her friend twice a week. 2) The past tense of can is could: He could help his father after school. 3) For future time use be able to. Hell be able to help his father in the vineyard after school.

Note: 1. Dont use to after can: I can go; you can read; 2. Dont add s to a verb with he (she) : he can walk, she can see well. 3. Negative forms: cannot
See Grammar reference.

cant; could not

couldnt.

40. Fill in the gaps with can, cant or could, couldnt.

1.Giorgis big brother __________ drive a car very well. His father says he ___________ have a car when he is 18. 2. Buy the tickets in the front row so that we ________ see well. 3. Gio _______ run very fast. He is the fastest runner in his class. 4. When Dachi was 2 years old, he _________ speak, now he is 5 and he ______________ speak Georgian and English. 5. Dato _________ swim very well.
41. Write questions for these answers.

1. ____________________? No, he cant speak English, but he can speak French. 2. ____________________? Yes, he can swim very well. 3. ____________________? No, he cant walk. He has hurt his foot. 4. ___________? Yes, she can have dinner ready for 5 oclock. She has everything for it. 5. ________________? Yes, she can play both the piano and the violin.

17

LESSON 3

UNIT ONE

42. Turn the sentences into questions that you can answer with yes or no. Write down the questions. Example: Shell read the book next week Will she read the book next week?

1. He cant get up early tomorrow. _____________________________________ ? 2. Shell be hungry in the evening. _____________________________________ ? 3. Theyll go to the theatre tomorrow. ___________________________________ ? 4. Her friends couldnt phone her so early. _______________________________ ? 5. He wont exercise before school. ____________________________________ ? 6. He cant visit his friend more than twice a week. _________________________?
43. In pairs. Write e-mail messages to each other. Situation: One of you has a DVD of a new lm. The other one asks to lend it to him (her). Agree about the time and place of meeting.

USE: Hi, can you, lend (DVD, or cassette, or a book...), at...oclock, near...,

Ill be there, any time after..., thank you, youre welcome.

44. In groups of four. Find out about your partners daily program. Example: What do you do on Mondays? What do you do on Tuesday afternoon?

REPORTER: Everybody in the group always goes to school in the morning.

N (name) usually helps her mother early in the morning. Two students have a music lesson twice a week in the afternoon. Day Monday Part of the day
morning afternoon evening morning afternoon evening morning afternoon evening morning afternoon evening morning afternoon evening

1. (name) _______

2. (name) 3. (name) _______ _______

4. (name) _______

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

18

UNIT ONE

LESSON 3

45. Who can say more about each of these pictures? Remember to use what you learned in this unit. Example: Picture 6: I think he is going to cry. Or maybe to sneeze? He has a handkerchief in his hand. He is going to cover his mouth and nose with it when he sneezes....

2 1

9 8

19

LESSON 1

UNIT TWO

UNIT TWO

STUDYING ABROAD
1. What is the text about? (For this read the title, the rst sentence of every paragraph and the last sentence of the text).

Youth exchange programs

2. Read and answer: What is a youth exchange program? While reading, nd the English words for stipendia, maspinZeli, ainteresebdes

(zrunva), damtkiceba, Tviseba, gaunawilo In an exchange program, people, or groups of people from different countries visit each other. They go to spend time in the other country to study the language of the country, and to make new friends. Youth exchange programs have existed for more than 50 years. In fact, they have been well-known since 1945, the end of World War II . In 1992 the United States government passed a law. Under this law, the US government started to offer scholarships to school students of the former Soviet Union to travel to the United States and to study there for a year. These students go and live in the U.S. for a year. They live with a host family. But they are not guests of the family; they become members of the family, just like the children and the parents of the family. And they do not go there for a holiday, because while they are there they go to an American high school. They learn about the country and of course they learn to speak English very well. You can become an exchange student in the US, if you win a competition. You have to take a test in English, and only those students who are good at English are chosen. But this is not all. You also have to show a recommendation from your teachers. They have to write about you, and show that you are better than other students. They must show that you are responsible, independent and cooperative, that you care about people around you, that you respect not only yourself, but others, and your school, that you are fair and honest. And they must give examples of the good things you have done to prove that you have these qualities. Because in this case when you come back, you will share with all your friends what you learn in the U.S.

20

UNIT TWO

LESSON 1

3. There are 4 paragraphs in the text. Write the number of the paragraph which describes:

1. Why people go to different countries._______1________ 2. When the exchange programs started. ______________ 3. Where the visiting students live in the U.S. ___________ 4. How long the exchange students stay in the States. __________ 5. How students can get the scholarship. _____________ 6. What qualities a student must have to win the scholarship. _________
4. True or False? One of these sentences is false. Find it. Copy it and write why it is not true. Read to the teacher. Model: ____ is false, because ____________ .

1. People from different countries visit each other. 2. An exchange student has to win a competition. 3. Exchange students learn to speak English very well. 4. It isnt important to be independent and cooperative. 5. An exchange student should know English well. 6. Students should have good personal qualities. 7. On their return the students should share their knowledge with their friends.
5. Write down short answers to these questions. Then choose 4 of your answers and read them to your partner. He will listen and tell you the numbers of the questions. No 1 is an example.

1. Why do countries exchange students?- To study the language of the country, and to make new friends. 2. When did exchange programs start? ________________________________________ 3. Since when have exchange programs been well known? ________________________ 4. When did the student exchange visits start? ___________________________________ 5. How long do exchange students stay in the U.S.? ______________________________ 6. Where do exchange students live? __________________________________________ 7. Where do exchange students study? ________________________________________ 8. How do exchange students live in an American family? __________________________ 9. What do students learn in the U.S.? _________________________________________ 10.How can students get the scholarship?

More words

6. Match each situation with a word in the table (below). One word is extra.

1 Magda 1. M d exercises every day. She goes to the gym three times a week. She eats healthy i foods. She eats fruit and vegetables, meat, sh and chicken. She doesnt eat junk foods, like popcorn or chips. 2. Tamuna can take care of herself. She washes her clothes, cooks breakfast, and does her lessons without her mums help. 3. Rezo had a headache on Monday morning. But he promised to bring the 12th century map of Georgia to school on that day. Everybody was waiting for it, so he went to school. 4. Jaba never throws trash in the building, or in the street. He never writes things on his desk or on the wall. 5. The students of 8B class were preparing the room for a Christmas party. Nato said, What can I do to help? So all the children shared the work.

21

LESSON 1

UNIT TWO

6. On his way home from school, Giorgi bought some pills for his grandma. She had a toothache. He told his little brother to turn down the TV. The noise was bothering their neighbours. 7. My friends had a ght. They could not decide who was right and who was wrong. Dato listened to both sides. 8. Mary said, I broke the vase, not my little brother. 9. Nika said to the other boys, Look, I dont want to throw stones. I think that if you do this, someone will be hurt. If you want to hurt someone, I dont!

Quality
a. gambedavia b. patiosania c. samarTliania d. mzrunvelia e. sazogadoebas scems pativs. f. damoukidebelia. g. SeuZlia TanamSromloba h. aqvs pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba i. zrunavs Tavis janmrTelobaze k. Sromismoyvarea

Number of situation
..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

7. Find the English equivalent for these Georgian words. Call them out (or do it in pairs). One is extra. Example: patiosani - honest patiosani gambedavi 1. A person who is not controlled by others is independent.

2. Respect is having a high opinion of and showing consideration liani for somebody or something. samarT mzrunveli 3. If a person always does his duty, he is responsible. 4. If a person is willing to help and share work, he is cooperative. 5. If a person treats each person according pativiscema damouk SeuZlia to the law or rules, he is fair. idebel i TanamSromloba 6. A person who always tells the truth is honest. 7. A person who shows care to others is caring. aqvs pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba

8. Find the Georgian equivalent for the underlined word. One is extra. Example: host maspinZeli

The host received his guests with a smile. You must prove that you are right. They shared 20 laris by giving 5 to each. Kindness is a good quality, cruelty is not. All our teacher cares about is her pupils. The student received a scholarship award of a grant of money to continue his studies in the U.S.

Tviseba ainteresebs, zrunavs gainawiles stipendia maspinZeli dapatiJeba damtkiceba

Fast reading
9. Find and write 6 words.

shipcholars, tyquali, resha, bleresponsi, pendentinde, irfa. 22

UNIT TWO
10. Fill in the gaps with suitable words. Call them out (or do it in pairs).

LESSON 1

An exchange student called Sophiko

1.Sophiko _______ 15 years old in 1995. 2. That year she became an ___________ student and went to the U.S. 3. She won a ___________ to be an exchange student. 4. Her teacher wrote a _________. 5. She had to pass a ________ in English. 6. Two of her teachers ____________recommendations for her. 7.There were many other _______ who took the test and wanted to win. 8. But Sophiko was the __________. 9. She lived with an American family as a member of the family, not as a_________. 10. When she returned, she _____________with everybody what she learned in the U.S.

11.a) Find in the text three sentences in the present perfect tense. Write them on the board. Grammar 1 b) Underline the words showing the time (if there are any). c) Which of these sentences shows I. Past time, II. Present time? 1. She has done good things in her life. 2. Youth exchange programs have existed for more than 50 years. 3. Youth exchange programs have been well-known since 1945.

PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT SIMPLE?

Remember
have existed for more than 50 years, have been well known since 1945. The time expressions are since + a date (- dan) and for + some time. (ganmavlobaSi) Other examples: I have known him for two years. I have studied English since1997.
See Grammar Reference

12. Make up at least three sentences using one line from each column. Then read them to your partner. Example: a) I have wanted to be a cosmonaut since I was a child. b) I have had a cough for a long time. a) I have been friends since I was a child He (name) has known us (them) since we (they) were children She (name) wanted to be a cosmonaut since nine oclock We been ne (rainy, windy, cold) since May They (names) been interested in history since he (we, they) left school The weather had a pet since I last wrote to you since Friday b)

I have had a cough He (name) has played volleyball My sister known her (name) My parents been a teacher My brother and I been on holiday lived in this village (town) been to the sea

for a long time for the last three days for two weeks for ve years for ten years

23

LESSON 1

UNIT TWO

13. Write these time expressions in two columns: 1. used with since, 2. used with for.

2 oclock, two hours, ve minutes, a long time, last week, two weeks, 10 January, a short time, four years, 1998, September
Used with since Since yesterday used with for For two weeks

14. Fill in the gaps with since or for. Then dictate to a student at the board.

1. Teacher: I have been at the exam _______ nine oclock.. Student: I have been at the exam ________ two hours. 2. - The weather has been awful _________ two days.. - We havent had so much rain in the month of October _______ 1998. 3. - I have known Maya __________ quite a long time. - And I have known her __________ we entered school. 4. - I didnt know that you study in this school. - I have come from another school. I have studied here _________ a month. - Do you know my friend Irakli? He has been in this school ________ he was seven.
15. Your teacher will read sentences with pauses instead of some words. When she stops, quickly write down the next word. Then call out whole sentences from memory. 16. In pairs. Tell your partner (then - class) about somebody, who is one of these: responsible, independent, cooperative, caring, fair and honest; respects not only himself, but others. Give some examples to prove it. What has he (she) done? 17. a) Write a letter to your friend. Write about somebody what he (she) did, what you think about it it proves he (she) is _____________ (quality). b) Give the letter to your partner, try to correct his (her) letter. Then give your letter to the teacher.

(Date) ______________ Dear ______________ I want to share with you what happened yesterday. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ What do you think?_____________________________ I think he(she) is _____________________________ (All the best) (Love) _______________________

24

UNIT TWO Lesson 2

LESSON 2

Meet the winner

18. Dato K is the winner of an exchange competition. Does he have the right qualities to be a good candidate to study in the US? Quality Dato K. Listen to what two of his teachers say Honest about him. They remember some examples of what he has done in different Fair situations. Tick the qualities as you hear Independent them. One is extra. You may have to lisCooperative ten to the conversation several times. Respects others

Responsible Caring Courageous / brave Friendly

19. What do you like or dont like about Dato? Write at least three sentences. 20. In groups of four. Compare what you wrote. Tell the class. Model: In our group two students like that Dato _________________ (example); two students dont like that _____________________ (example).

MUST
21. a) Copy from the text of the lesson two sentences with must. b) Read the sentences with must then, without must (omit it). What difference does it make? c) Underline the verbs. d) Which verbs (below) show I. An action; II. Attitude to the action.

Grammar 2

These people show that you are responsible. They must show that you are responsible. These people give examples. They must give examples
e) So, must is a modal verb. What does it express?

Why must they show that you are responsible? ___________________________ Why must they give examples? _______________________________________ So, if they dont prove that this student has good qualities, he (this student) will not go to study in the U.S. the result will not be achieved.
What result will not be achieved in these cases? If you want to wash your hands, you must have water.______________________________ If you want to get to school at 9 you must leave at least at 8.50. ______________________ If you want to heat a cold room, you must turn on a heater. _________________________

Remember
1.Dont use to after must: I must go; you must read; 2.Dont add s with he (she) : he must come, she must go. 3.Negative of must is must not mustnt See Grammar reference.

25

LESSON 2
22. Fill in the gaps with must or mustnt. Example: I must get a ticket to see this lm.

UNIT TWO

1. We _________ write a test to get a mark in math. 2. I _________ tell anybody this secret. 3. He _______ tell his mother about the meeting at school. 4. She __________ buy the new textbook in English. 5. They __________ leave the door open when they go out. 6. He ____________ be in the gym at 5, so he __________ go. 7. I __________ teach the boy how to count his money. 8. The phone is ringing, I ___________ answer it. Get ready for speaking
23. a) Why do people do these? Find the answers in the two columns or add others.

Music English Basketball Geography Drawing Reading

know about countries of the world know a lot of interesting things keep t become an artist play well spend more time in the fresh air become a musician communicate in English

b) In groups of four. Ask questions: What do you do a lot? Why must you do it? Fill in the boxes. Reporter: In our group one student Giga plays basketball a lot. He must do it so that their team wins in the competition.

Activity Music English Basketball Geography Pets Drawing Reading

1. name __________

2. name _________

3.name _________

4. name __________

26

UNIT TWO

LESSON 2

24. Competition. In groups of four. Describe these pictures. Who can say more? Tell the class.

(Competition)
25. a) Take 3 minutes to prepare. What can you say about each picture? b) Get in groups of four. Speak about each picture. Who can say more about each? Example: In picture one it is morning. The girl (name) has woken up. She must get dressed quickly, because she has to go to school.

1 2

3 4

7 6

27

LESSON 3

UNIT TWO

26. Compare these two American High schools with Georgian schools.

American High Schools

Midwood - New York
At Midwood, its socially acceptable to study round-the-clock. Kids are obsessed with their gradepoint averages. The New York Times Magazine chronicled the life of a Midwood student who worked so hard she didnt stop for meals. The H-shaped school building with a cupola, constructed in 1940, is cheerful and well kept, but worn. The labs that produce so many top science students are so old they could almost qualify as museum pieces. Science equipment is stored in oak cabinets with glass doors. As many as 4,000 students are packed in a building designed for 2,300. Classes are held in three overlapping sessions, with some students arriving as early as 7 a.m. and nishing at 12:30 p.m., and others arriving at 10:45 a.m. and staying until 4:20 p.m. The rst lunch period is at 9:45 a.m.; practice for band and orchestra starts as early as 7 a.m. Advanced Placement courses are so oversubscribed that only students with near-perfect grades are permitted to take them. And yet in 1999, Midwood had more seminalists in the Science Talent Search than any other high school in the nation, and in 2000 it tied for rst place. Midwood offers fourteen Advanced Placement courses, and the College Board listed it among the best schools in the nation in terms of AP offerings. The school has an extensive sports program -- including competitive team sports and aerobics, tennis, bowling, and billiards. Soccer, basketball, swimming, and track are strong. Midwood is racially integrated, and students say thats one of its strengths. A black student, Natasha McLeod, recalls how her life has been enriched by friendships at Midwood with Russian and Pakistani girls. A white girl who transferred from a small private school says she appreciates the lack of snobbery. All different religions and races, -- you learn to like all kinds of people here, says another student.

Baruch College Campus High School New York

Pairs of kids lie on the oors of the classroom and hall, reading to one another. This relaxed atmosphere, combined with hard work on classical texts, is typical of Baruch College Campus High School, a new school that has become one of the most popular in Manhattan even though it only graduated its rst class in 2001. Baruch is located on the tenth oor of a modern building on the campus of Baruch College, part of the City University of New York. (Students may take college classes too.) The assignments we give are progressive, but the curriculum is traditional, says principal Jill Myers, who founded the school in 1997 with a group of teachers. The schools strength has been in the humanities kids read Greek classics such as Antigone and The Odyssey, Shakespeares comedies, and Dantes Inferno as well as modern novels and nonWestern works of literature from Africa and Asia and writing is emphasized. But imaginative new chemistry and physics teachers promise to reinforce the science departments. The school uses math curriculum, in which students must explain in writing how they reached their mathematical conclusions and solve what are called real world problems.

28

UNIT TWO

LESSON 3

Read quickly
More words
27. Find the word in each line which is nearest to the rst word. Dictate to a student at the board. Say why you have chosen it. The rst one is an example.

exchange visitor caring money parent spend

spent independent honest win guest weekend

respectful vacation sick competition woman time

visiting cooperative thoughtful scholarship husband use

responsible guest healthy travel father money

28. Odd one out. Which word is different? Work with a partner and tell the class why you have chosen each one.

1.walked, showed, happened, wrote, checked 2.geography, maths, football, literature, history 3.wall, window, chair, ceiling, oor 4.courageous, strong, honest, caring, trash 5.dolphin, lion, whale, sh, alligator

1. My / grandparents / lived / Kutaisi / sixty years. 2. His father / worked / University / 1985. 3. We / not see / Nika / my brothers / birthday party. 4. My / father / smoked / ten years. 5. I / know / Tamuna / she was a child.

Grammar 1

30. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets (Present perfect, past simple or present continuous).

1. - Where is Liza? I (not see) __________ her since Friday. She (be) _____________ in Kobuleti for the last ve days. She (phone) _________ me yesterday. 2. - How many pages ______ you (read) __________ since this morning? - Four. Only four? Why so few? The telephone (ring) _________ ten times before lunch and I had to answer it each time. 3. - Where has he learned to speak English? Oh, he (speak) __________English since he was a child. 4. Where are you going? I (go) _______ to the opera. I (not be) _____________ there since last autumn. 5. My older brother (be) _______ a University student for more than two years. He is a third-year student now.

29

REVISION

29. Write questions using these words. Example: She / lived / here / last year (two years) Has she lived here _________?

LESSON 3

UNIT TWO

TO EXPRESS PRESENT TIME, remember, that if the action:

1.Began in the past and is going on at present, use the present perfect: I have lived here since last year. 2. Is going on at the moment of speaking or around it, use the present continuous: I am reading a book. BUT: if the verb cannot be used in the continuous tense, (be, see, hear, know, live, understand) use the present simple: I see you. 3. Takes place regularly or always, use the present simple: The sun rises in the east.

31. Listen to the sentences your teacher reads in Georgian. Choose the correct English equivalent and mark it. Then mark the rule showing why you chose this answer.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

a. are studying a. lives a. do you do a. write a. are you a. do you hear a. have dinner a. has tea a. barks

b. have studied b. is living b. are you doing b. am writing b. have you been b. are you hearing b. are having dinner b. is having tea b. is barking b. is barking b. is it raining b. are you having b. havent had

10. a. barks 11. a. does it rain 12. a. do you have 13. a. dont have

32. In pairs. A friend in your class is ill. He has been absent for a month. Tell him what has happened since he became ill. You can use the following:

win the competition, break his (her) arm, learn to play the guitar, do an English test, buy a new CD, decide about school trip to Vardzia
Example: Many things have happened since you fell ill.

30

UNIT TWO
33. Think and write. a) Choose one description of the three students. How can you describe them? b) Describe somebody you know. Compare with your partner (or class). Example: He respects his school.

LESSON 3

Irakli B.

in the classroom. a. He never throws trash etball, skiing and b. He is good at bask boxing. write on the desks c. He stops children who or walls. ers once a month, d. He goes to the hairdress atly cut. so his hair is always ne s went on a picnic e. Once, when the clas salt, he said it and forgot to bring the the list. He took was his fault, he made ge and bought the bus to the nearest villa some salt. iends had a fight, f. When several of his fr them. He said, he wasnt afraid to stop ys should say Stop it. Each of the bo ybody listened, what he thinks. Ever o was right and and then they knew wh who was wrong.

Stephan R.
a. He always does his homework. b. He does not ask others to help him with his work. He prefers to do it on his own. If he cant do it on his own, he doesnt do it. c. Once, during a break, some boys were throwing a ball at each other. The ball hit a window and the window broke. Nobody knew who broke it. The teacher wanted to punish everybody. But suddenly Stephan said that he broke it. He repaired it the next day. d. He is always cleanly dressed. e. He does not like to play with his friends. So when boys start to play football, they dont choose him to play in their team. g. One day when a big boy bullied one of his friends, he came to help. He jumped on the bully and beat him.

Sophia K. a. She likes to sing and dance. b. She likes to be with her friends. She likes wo rk but she also likes ha with her friends. ving fun c. She does not need to ask her parents when sh e has to decide what to d. She can take care of do. herself. She washes her own clothes and keeps tidy. She does her lesso her room ns and chooses books to read, without asking he ents to help her. r pare. She thinks about othe r people and takes care of people around her. Re to bring medicine to he members r grandmother. f. She is kind to animals . g. She takes care of pla nts. She has lots of flo wers in pots at home, never forgets to water and she them.

34. In pairs. Choose one of the students above and tell your partner (then - class) what you like or dislike about him/her.

31