YouthHongKong Volume 1 Number 1

6KIKSHKX *}}0
6HJ@OHJ?
c439*398
:
Geh[mehZ
r48{33{ w43,
e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947
t-* h43, k43, f*~*7{9.43
4+ y4:9- g74:58
I_]^b_]^j
b{1{3}.3, {}9\
9-* }-{11*3,* +47
94~{>E8 >4:3, 5*451*
l{08-2. j{}49@{
Jdj[hl_[m
l:. t{.O140
c-.3*8* u3.;*78.9>
4+ h43, k43,
p{7*398 <-4 5:8-\
{7* 9-*> 4++ 97{}0_
88 G[Wjkh[
g7*{9 e=5*}9{9.438\
5{7*398E <{398 +47 9-*.7
}-.1~7*3
8; Od j^[ W][dZW
h*1*3 s.:
y{1* u3.;*78.9>
n*< >4:9- +47 h43, k43,\
{ ~.7*}9.43 +47
897{9*,.} 541.}>
6KIKSHKX *}}0 DUR[SK ~ @[SHKX ~
Vekj^ Wj meha
97 w-{9 3*=9 {+9*7 |{30.3,\
2{0.3, 9-* 2489 4+ }-{3,*
98 j4| +47 1.+*\
{ >4:3, +.7*O+.,-9*7 9*118 -.8 8947>
99 Jdif_h[Z
i39*73{9.43{1 p{7{1>25.{38
p*3, y:1.{3N r*|*}}{ h{79N m{70 f7*3?*1
9; KWb[_ZeiYef[
u3.6:* 51{}*N :3.6:* }-{11*3,*\
t.3 s-:. w{.
9= SWba_d] fe_dj
k**5.3, |{1{3}*~ <-.1* 8:7+.3, 9-* <*|
8? Of_d_ed
p*9*7 w43,
t45 hsbc |{30*7
g7{85.3, +:3~{2*39{18\
*88*39.{1 +.3{3}*
1*88438 +47 >4:9-
Nt is my great pleasure to introduce HW]\P >WVO @WVO3 an Jnglish language quarterly journal
devoted to discourse and debate about issues which most affect young people in the city and
around the world5
Yhere are already a number of journals on youth concerns published in Mong Pong3 but most
are in Hhinese5 Gy putting forward this journal in Jnglish3 we envisage HW]\P >WVO @WVO as a
platform whereby youth workers3 educators3 parents3 young people and even policy makers3 both
locally and further afield3 might share experiences and learn from one another5
9@ Gh[i^ \eYki
t{0.3, 5{79\ ;41:39**7.3, 94 89{79
\e very much hope our friends will support this effort with their feedback3 comments and letters
to the editor3 and help to promote the journal as a forum for participation and engagement5
:8 GWYji^[[j
hkfyg s*7;.}* d.7*}947>
Jach issue of HW]\P >WVO @WVO will focus on a specific theme and topic of relevance to the city
and beyond5 Yhis first issue looks at seeking a new balance5 Nn today.s exceedingly competitive
and multi4dimensional world3 young people are being offered more and more choice in everyday
life5 ]et3 within these vast opportunities lie hidden dilemmas which must be resolved if the young
are to find a balanced lifestyle5 Yhree main articles analyse this challenge from various perspectives
and suggest that the quest for self4awareness3 education3 understanding and responsibility offer
a way to finding a new balance5
~9>GCE>6@ {C6E9 BUYGTTG EUTMz AG[R 5NGTz 3TMKRG @MGOz 3TJ_ :Uz =KT @MGO
0EC9H8G>CB 7RGOTK ?UXMGT x7JOZUXyz 4XOGT F[ x3YYOYZGTZ 7JOZUXy
|CBGE>7HGCE >GQYNSO <GIUZGa
}:F><Bw @6LCHG v DE>BG>B< BU_ ?GXQ x3YOGy >ZJ
-22/ *}/~{+~1+
_U[ZNNUTMQUTM|NQL_M|UXM|NQ
3=: ,CB< .CB< *:9:E6G>CB C; 5CHG= +ECHDF ]GY LU[TJKJ OT ~1.} GTJ OY ZNK SGPUX TUT{VXULOZ
_U[ZN YKX\OIK UXMGTO`GZOUT OT ZNK IOZ_| ;ZY YKX\OIKY GTJ VXUMXGSSKY GZ U\KX .} RUIGZOUTY NG\K
h43, k43, }425{7*~\

545:1{9.43N .3}42*N
*~:}{9.43
F group of young
people with
Ir Wosanna \ong
GT GZZKTJGTIK UL - SORROUT K\KX_ _KGX| 5UXK YKX\OIKY OTIR[JK IU[TYKRROTMz RKGJKXYNOV ZXGOTOTMz
KSVRU_SKTZz \UR[TZKKXOTMz RKOY[XKz I[RZ[XK GTJ YVUXZYz KÎNGTMKz KJ[IGZOUTz VGXKTZOTMz _U[ZN{
GZ{XOYQ GTJ ]KH{HGYKJ YKX\OIKY| CNK SUZZUz OT\YZW V[\ S[^]XN OT\YZW V[\ [^\ P^]^\U XKLRKIZY
ZNKS GRR|
]]]|NQL_M|UXM|NQ
Tnce again3 welcome to HW]\P >WVO @WVO , Ray you take the time to read3 share and respond to
its contents5 \e very much look forward to hearing from all of you and welcome suggestions3
opinions3 comments and even ways of improvement as we seek to broaden discussion about
young people in Mong Pong5
]]]|[*~|NQ
bfhgd `fec afec OY V[HROYNKJ W[GXZKXR_ H_ CNK :UTM =UTM 8KJKXGZOUT UL FU[ZN 9XU[VY| ;Z
IUTZGOTY JOYI[YYOUT GHU[Z _U[ZN IUTIKXTY GTJ OYY[KYz VXOSGXOR_ GZ G RUIGR RK\KR ]OZN XKMOUTGR
h8 u59|44| z54-U hfiU nt
GTJ OTZKXTGZOUTGR IUSVGXOYUTY| 5USSKTZGX_z UVOTOUTz JKHGZKz GJ\UIGI_ GTJ GTGR_YOY GXK
Jxecutive Iirector
LKGZ[XKJ| ;Z NGY XKGJKXY OT :UTM =UTMz ZNXU[MNU[Z ZNK XKMOUT GTJ U\KXYKGY|
4>:JF :KDE:FF:9 >B bfhgd `fec afec 6E: G=CF: C; G=: 6HG=CEF 6B9 9C BCG B:8:FF6E>@L
Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups
E:;@:8G G=: CD>B>CBF C; G=: DH7@>F=:Ex z@@ E><=GF E:F:EI:9x 1:DEC9H8G>CB >B J=C@: CE >B D6EG
Iecember 977?
J>G=CHG DE>CE JE>GG:B D:EA>FF>CB ;ECA G=: DH7@>F=:E >F DEC=>7>G:9x z@@ 86E: >F G6?:B C;
FH7A>GG:9 A6G:E>6@F 7HG BC E:FDCBF>7>@>GL >F 688:DG:9 ;CE @CFF CE 96A6<:x
|CEE:FDCB9:B8: GCy 7JOZUXz S[^]X Q[ZW R[ZWz CNK :UTM =UTM 8KJKXGZOUT UL FU[ZN 9XU[VY
4[ORJOTMz *~ AGQ 8[Q BUGJz @UXZN AUOTZz :UTM =UTM
CKR +/-- /~}, 8G^ *0.- ,.*}| 3RR KTW[OXOKYz OTIR[JOTM ZNUYK UT GJ\KXZOYOTM XGZKY GTJ YVKIOLOIGZOUTY
ZU _U[ZNNUTMQUTM2NQL_M|UXM|NQ
CM`\ Q[[]M
Yhe second issue will be out in Rarch 977@5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6HJ@OHJ?
c439*398
:
Geh[mehZ
r48{33{ w43,
e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947
t-* h43, k43, f*~*7{9.43
4+ y4:9- g74:58
I_]^b_]^j
b{1{3}.3, {}9\
9-* }-{11*3,* +47
94~{>E8 >4:3, 5*451*
l{08-2. j{}49@{
Jdj[hl_[m
l:. t{.O140
c-.3*8* u3.;*78.9>
4+ h43, k43,
p{7*398 <-4 5:8-\
{7* 9-*> 4++ 97{}0_
88 G[Wjkh[
g7*{9 e=5*}9{9.438\
5{7*398E <{398 +47 9-*.7
}-.1~7*3
8; Od j^[ W][dZW
h*1*3 s.:
y{1* u3.;*78.9>
n*< >4:9- +47 h43, k43,\
{ ~.7*}9.43 +47
897{9*,.} 541.}>
6KIKSHKX *}}0 DUR[SK ~ @[SHKX ~
Vekj^ Wj meha
97 w-{9 3*=9 {+9*7 |{30.3,\
2{0.3, 9-* 2489 4+ }-{3,*
98 j4| +47 1.+*\
{ >4:3, +.7*O+.,-9*7 9*118 -.8 8947>
99 Jdif_h[Z
i39*73{9.43{1 p{7{1>25.{38
p*3, y:1.{3N r*|*}}{ h{79N m{70 f7*3?*1
9; KWb[_ZeiYef[
u3.6:* 51{}*N :3.6:* }-{11*3,*\
t.3 s-:. w{.
9= SWba_d] fe_dj
k**5.3, |{1{3}*~ <-.1* 8:7+.3, 9-* <*|
8? Of_d_ed
p*9*7 w43,
t45 hsbc |{30*7
g7{85.3, +:3~{2*39{18\
*88*39.{1 +.3{3}*
1*88438 +47 >4:9-
Nt is my great pleasure to introduce HW]\P >WVO @WVO3 an Jnglish language quarterly journal
devoted to discourse and debate about issues which most affect young people in the city and
around the world5
Yhere are already a number of journals on youth concerns published in Mong Pong3 but most
are in Hhinese5 Gy putting forward this journal in Jnglish3 we envisage HW]\P >WVO @WVO as a
platform whereby youth workers3 educators3 parents3 young people and even policy makers3 both
locally and further afield3 might share experiences and learn from one another5
9@ Gh[i^ \eYki
t{0.3, 5{79\ ;41:39**7.3, 94 89{79
\e very much hope our friends will support this effort with their feedback3 comments and letters
to the editor3 and help to promote the journal as a forum for participation and engagement5
:8 GWYji^[[j
hkfyg s*7;.}* d.7*}947>
Jach issue of HW]\P >WVO @WVO will focus on a specific theme and topic of relevance to the city
and beyond5 Yhis first issue looks at seeking a new balance5 Nn today.s exceedingly competitive
and multi4dimensional world3 young people are being offered more and more choice in everyday
life5 ]et3 within these vast opportunities lie hidden dilemmas which must be resolved if the young
are to find a balanced lifestyle5 Yhree main articles analyse this challenge from various perspectives
and suggest that the quest for self4awareness3 education3 understanding and responsibility offer
a way to finding a new balance5
~9>GCE>6@ {C6E9 BUYGTTG EUTMz AG[R 5NGTz 3TMKRG @MGOz 3TJ_ :Uz =KT @MGO
0EC9H8G>CB 7RGOTK ?UXMGT x7JOZUXyz 4XOGT F[ x3YYOYZGTZ 7JOZUXy
|CBGE>7HGCE >GQYNSO <GIUZGa
}:F><Bw @6LCHG v DE>BG>B< BU_ ?GXQ x3YOGy >ZJ
-22/ *}/~{+~1+
_U[ZNNUTMQUTM|NQL_M|UXM|NQ
3=: ,CB< .CB< *:9:E6G>CB C; 5CHG= +ECHDF ]GY LU[TJKJ OT ~1.} GTJ OY ZNK SGPUX TUT{VXULOZ
_U[ZN YKX\OIK UXMGTO`GZOUT OT ZNK IOZ_| ;ZY YKX\OIKY GTJ VXUMXGSSKY GZ U\KX .} RUIGZOUTY NG\K
h43, k43, }425{7*~\

545:1{9.43N .3}42*N
*~:}{9.43
F group of young
people with
Ir Wosanna \ong
GT GZZKTJGTIK UL - SORROUT K\KX_ _KGX| 5UXK YKX\OIKY OTIR[JK IU[TYKRROTMz RKGJKXYNOV ZXGOTOTMz
KSVRU_SKTZz \UR[TZKKXOTMz RKOY[XKz I[RZ[XK GTJ YVUXZYz KÎNGTMKz KJ[IGZOUTz VGXKTZOTMz _U[ZN{
GZ{XOYQ GTJ ]KH{HGYKJ YKX\OIKY| CNK SUZZUz OT\YZW V[\ S[^]XN OT\YZW V[\ [^\ P^]^\U XKLRKIZY
ZNKS GRR|
]]]|NQL_M|UXM|NQ
Tnce again3 welcome to HW]\P >WVO @WVO , Ray you take the time to read3 share and respond to
its contents5 \e very much look forward to hearing from all of you and welcome suggestions3
opinions3 comments and even ways of improvement as we seek to broaden discussion about
young people in Mong Pong5
]]]|[*~|NQ
bfhgd `fec afec OY V[HROYNKJ W[GXZKXR_ H_ CNK :UTM =UTM 8KJKXGZOUT UL FU[ZN 9XU[VY| ;Z
IUTZGOTY JOYI[YYOUT GHU[Z _U[ZN IUTIKXTY GTJ OYY[KYz VXOSGXOR_ GZ G RUIGR RK\KR ]OZN XKMOUTGR
h8 u59|44| z54-U hfiU nt
GTJ OTZKXTGZOUTGR IUSVGXOYUTY| 5USSKTZGX_z UVOTOUTz JKHGZKz GJ\UIGI_ GTJ GTGR_YOY GXK
Jxecutive Iirector
LKGZ[XKJ| ;Z NGY XKGJKXY OT :UTM =UTMz ZNXU[MNU[Z ZNK XKMOUT GTJ U\KXYKGY|
4>:JF :KDE:FF:9 >B bfhgd `fec afec 6E: G=CF: C; G=: 6HG=CEF 6B9 9C BCG B:8:FF6E>@L
Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups
E:;@:8G G=: CD>B>CBF C; G=: DH7@>F=:Ex z@@ E><=GF E:F:EI:9x 1:DEC9H8G>CB >B J=C@: CE >B D6EG
Iecember 977?
J>G=CHG DE>CE JE>GG:B D:EA>FF>CB ;ECA G=: DH7@>F=:E >F DEC=>7>G:9x z@@ 86E: >F G6?:B C;
FH7A>GG:9 A6G:E>6@F 7HG BC E:FDCBF>7>@>GL >F 688:DG:9 ;CE @CFF CE 96A6<:x
|CEE:FDCB9:B8: GCy 7JOZUXz S[^]X Q[ZW R[ZWz CNK :UTM =UTM 8KJKXGZOUT UL FU[ZN 9XU[VY
4[ORJOTMz *~ AGQ 8[Q BUGJz @UXZN AUOTZz :UTM =UTM
CKR +/-- /~}, 8G^ *0.- ,.*}| 3RR KTW[OXOKYz OTIR[JOTM ZNUYK UT GJ\KXZOYOTM XGZKY GTJ YVKIOLOIGZOUTY
ZU _U[ZNNUTMQUTM2NQL_M|UXM|NQ
CM`\ Q[[]M
Yhe second issue will be out in Rarch 977@5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
7DBCFDBCL
7DBCFDBCL
f|2|4~/4- |~:b
the challenge for today.s young people
by Qakshmi Oacota
FPM JM[\ IVL [INM[\ \PQVO Q[ \W SMMX I JITIVKM QV aW]Z TQNM1 IKSVW_TMLOM \PM OZMI\ XW_MZ[
IZW]VL ][ IVL QV ][3 ?N aW] KIV LW \PI\ IVL TQ^M \PI\ _Ia1 aW] IZM ZMITTa I _Q[M UIV3
i;8/6/*+9 \`\V\X^ fg
Yoday.s complex world3 with its
interconnected economic3 political and
social mechanisms3 confronts young
people with more personal opportunities
and challenges3 dilemmas and choices
than any earlier generation5 Yo find a
balance they need a multi4dimensional
outlook and a critical mindset5 Yo compete
effectively3 they must find a way to
navigate intricate pathways5 Nn Mong
Pong these are certainly challenges5 Fs
a vibrant cosmopolitan3 energetic city of
over =5@ million3 situated as a global
financial and banking centre3 how the
city.s young people face the future is an
issue that affects us all5
those under 8< and those aged 9< to :73

the youth population climbs to nearly
:7. of the total3; a figure comparable
with world averages5<
Yhis huge demographic cannot be
ignored5 \hen we talk about human3
political3 social and economic
development3 youth must be taken into
consideration5 Nt will be their politics3
voices3 opinions and votes that will make
a difference5 Yo ignore such a vast and
crucial constituency would be foolish
indeed5
r m: =/22 }+ :.+ 652/:/~9 5, ?5;:.U :.+/8 <5/~+9U
56/4/549 |4* <5:+9 :.|: =/22 3|1+ | */,,+8+4~+W

w5 /-458+ :./9 <|9:U ~8;~/|2 ~549:/:;+4~? =5;2*
}+ ,552/9. /4*++*Ws
Yhe Znited Sations defines young people
as those between the ages of 8< and 9;3
a definition adopted by the Mong Pong
Lovernment5 \hile this demographic
group comprises some 8?. of the world.s
total population38 with over <87 million
young women and <;7 million young
men39 in Mong Pong3 the youth
population stands at over 8:. out of
nearly > million5: \hen combined with
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
Yo understand the challenges they face

today3 first we must place them within a
frame of reference5 ]outh belong to one
age group but beyond that they are
completely heterogeneous5 Yhey
represent a diversity of circumstances as
multifaceted as their individual thinking3
concerns3 education3 employment3
mobility and family structures5 Yhere is
no one single -type. of young person and
6KIKSHKX *}}0
pigeonholing them does little more than

provide a backdrop against which a
future generation of public3 private and
professional individuals can be seen5 Yhe
lack of homogeneity within this
generation is mirrored by the challenges
they must tackle5 Fnd within the
challenges lie great opportunities hidden
dilemmas3 both of which need to be
addressed if young people are to find a
balance5
Nn Mong Pong3 perhaps nothing illustrates

the opportunities and dilemmas better
than technological advancement and
instant communication5 Yhis is an
extremely well connected city5
Jverywhere one turns3 in almost every
aspect of daily life3 Mong Pong thrives
on efficiency created by technology5
\e must be concerned about this3

particularly as communications and social
relations are conducted more frequently
through phone calls or text messages and
emails and less through face4to4face
contact5 Yhe danger is that as social
networking becomes more indiscriminate
and superficial3 some young people might
have the tendency to create imagery and
false personalities as attempts to impress
others or as escapes for their actual
r w.+ 2|~1 5, .535-+4+/:? =/:./4 :./9 -+4+8|:/54
/9 3/8858+* }? :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 :.+? 3;9: :|~12+W

e4* =/:./4 :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 2/+ }5:. -8+|:
56658:;4/:/+9 ./**+4 */2+33|9Ws
Gut what is happening now3 is that the
age of mastery over what was once
simply in the domain of the adult
professional3 has filtered down5 Yhe
smartphone3 the personal computer and
even the personal digital assistant 1UIF2
are accessible and available to everyone5
Yechnology is no longer simply used to
get things done better or faster3 but has
also become the most common form of
individual entertainment and
communication3 especially among young
people5
circumstances5 Uersonal relationships are

being eroded through diminishing
discourse3 debates and discussions ,
arguments even , with family and
friends5 Fnd with more and more reliance
on the screen3 social realities and modes
of behaviour have become more tenuous3
resulting in an inability to cope with
emotions that cannot be programmed5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
7DBCFDBCL
7DBCFDBCL
f|2|4~/4- |~:b
the challenge for today.s young people
by Qakshmi Oacota
FPM JM[\ IVL [INM[\ \PQVO Q[ \W SMMX I JITIVKM QV aW]Z TQNM1 IKSVW_TMLOM \PM OZMI\ XW_MZ[
IZW]VL ][ IVL QV ][3 ?N aW] KIV LW \PI\ IVL TQ^M \PI\ _Ia1 aW] IZM ZMITTa I _Q[M UIV3
i;8/6/*+9 \`\V\X^ fg
Yoday.s complex world3 with its
interconnected economic3 political and
social mechanisms3 confronts young
people with more personal opportunities
and challenges3 dilemmas and choices
than any earlier generation5 Yo find a
balance they need a multi4dimensional
outlook and a critical mindset5 Yo compete
effectively3 they must find a way to
navigate intricate pathways5 Nn Mong
Pong these are certainly challenges5 Fs
a vibrant cosmopolitan3 energetic city of
over =5@ million3 situated as a global
financial and banking centre3 how the
city.s young people face the future is an
issue that affects us all5
those under 8< and those aged 9< to :73

the youth population climbs to nearly
:7. of the total3; a figure comparable
with world averages5<
Yhis huge demographic cannot be
ignored5 \hen we talk about human3
political3 social and economic
development3 youth must be taken into
consideration5 Nt will be their politics3
voices3 opinions and votes that will make
a difference5 Yo ignore such a vast and
crucial constituency would be foolish
indeed5
r m: =/22 }+ :.+ 652/:/~9 5, ?5;:.U :.+/8 <5/~+9U
56/4/549 |4* <5:+9 :.|: =/22 3|1+ | */,,+8+4~+W

w5 /-458+ :./9 <|9:U ~8;~/|2 ~549:/:;+4~? =5;2*
}+ ,552/9. /4*++*Ws
Yhe Znited Sations defines young people
as those between the ages of 8< and 9;3
a definition adopted by the Mong Pong
Lovernment5 \hile this demographic
group comprises some 8?. of the world.s
total population38 with over <87 million
young women and <;7 million young
men39 in Mong Pong3 the youth
population stands at over 8:. out of
nearly > million5: \hen combined with
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
Yo understand the challenges they face

today3 first we must place them within a
frame of reference5 ]outh belong to one
age group but beyond that they are
completely heterogeneous5 Yhey
represent a diversity of circumstances as
multifaceted as their individual thinking3
concerns3 education3 employment3
mobility and family structures5 Yhere is
no one single -type. of young person and
6KIKSHKX *}}0
pigeonholing them does little more than

provide a backdrop against which a
future generation of public3 private and
professional individuals can be seen5 Yhe
lack of homogeneity within this
generation is mirrored by the challenges
they must tackle5 Fnd within the
challenges lie great opportunities hidden
dilemmas3 both of which need to be
addressed if young people are to find a
balance5
Nn Mong Pong3 perhaps nothing illustrates

the opportunities and dilemmas better
than technological advancement and
instant communication5 Yhis is an
extremely well connected city5
Jverywhere one turns3 in almost every
aspect of daily life3 Mong Pong thrives
on efficiency created by technology5
\e must be concerned about this3

particularly as communications and social
relations are conducted more frequently
through phone calls or text messages and
emails and less through face4to4face
contact5 Yhe danger is that as social
networking becomes more indiscriminate
and superficial3 some young people might
have the tendency to create imagery and
false personalities as attempts to impress
others or as escapes for their actual
r w.+ 2|~1 5, .535-+4+/:? =/:./4 :./9 -+4+8|:/54
/9 3/8858+* }? :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 :.+? 3;9: :|~12+W

e4* =/:./4 :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 2/+ }5:. -8+|:
56658:;4/:/+9 ./**+4 */2+33|9Ws
Gut what is happening now3 is that the
age of mastery over what was once
simply in the domain of the adult
professional3 has filtered down5 Yhe
smartphone3 the personal computer and
even the personal digital assistant 1UIF2
are accessible and available to everyone5
Yechnology is no longer simply used to
get things done better or faster3 but has
also become the most common form of
individual entertainment and
communication3 especially among young
people5
circumstances5 Uersonal relationships are

being eroded through diminishing
discourse3 debates and discussions ,
arguments even , with family and
friends5 Fnd with more and more reliance
on the screen3 social realities and modes
of behaviour have become more tenuous3
resulting in an inability to cope with
emotions that cannot be programmed5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
7DBCFDBCL
7DBCFDBCL
Mowever3 as the world becomes smaller through its global

interconnections3 young people in Mong Pong face a wider
pool of potential competitors3 not only locally or from Hhina3
but from the rest of the world5 Yhere is now a challenge and
an expectation very different and perhaps greater than that
faced by previous generations5
r l54- o54- ./-.2/-.:9 |45:.+8 2;81/4- */2+33| :.|: ~|4 ;69+: ?5;4-
6+562+R9 }|2|4~+W m: 2/+9 /4 :.+ ~/:?C9 <|9: =+|2:.W w.+ *+9/8+ ,58 :.+ 2|:+9:U :.+
4+=+9:U :.+ }/--+9: |4* }+9: /9 ~53354W z.+:.+8 |;:.+4:/~ 58 ~5;4:+8,+/:U
}8|4* ~549~/5;94+99 /9 <+8? 3;~. 6|8: 5, :.+/8 95~/|2 /*+4:/:?Ws
VR
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
opqyt hl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

}t~rt{*pvt rwp{vt |u ,|+*w }|}+yp*x|{
gkkiehfgi
9 Znited Sations Trganisation5 1977>25 bygyoxyoigr Uttk} + euwrj fuzyn akvuwy

vL OQQL Wetrieved Sovember =3 977?3 from httpA66www5un5
org6esa6socdev6unyin6documents6wyr7>`statisticalànnex5pdf
: [utm \utm Wktxzx J bygyoxyoix XkvgwysktyL 1977?25 Wetrieved Sovember 983
977?3 from3 httpA66www5censtatd5gov5
hk6hong`kong`statistics6statistics`by`subject6index5jspD
subjectNIC8/charsetNIC8/displayRodeCY
TR
w
xl
ik
i
is
`
gx
i
is
z
h
so
xl
k
tr
lv
b
qqi
jl
xl
k
eo
sm
k
is
xvi
si
^y
w
no
`
l
tv
ui
di
av
h
so
lw
is
ik
`
; Yhe Mong Pong Houncil of Xocial Xervice 1Fpril3 977>25 Wnorjwkt gtj fuzyn
buiogr bkw{oikx ot [utm \utm p5 8 Wetrieved Sovember 973 977? from httpA
66www5hkcss5org5hk6download6folder6cy6cyèng5doc5
so
xl
gx
ix
r
is
kt
r
lv
jl
sm
is
eo
qqi
vi
si
so
xl
av
wx
^y
`
no
i
vl
ui
s
di
vl
mi
ut
PVR
et
v
PTR
li
45: 542? 25~|22? 58 ,853 g./4|U };: ,853 :.+ 8+9: 5, :.+ =582*W w.+8+ /9 45=
| ~.|22+4-+ |4* |4 +>6+~:|:/54 <+8? */,,+8+4: |4* 6+8.|69 -8+|:+8 :.|4 :.|:
,|~+* }? 68+</5;9 -+4+8|:/549Ws
go
SZ
SX
SV
ST
SR
Z
X
V
T
R
go
s
Fnother factor that highlights the dilemma facing young people

in Mong Pong lies3 ironically3 in the city.s success5 Yhis is a
place where the chance to succeed3 achieve and become a leader
no matter what your background is very real5 Nn fact3 Mong
Pong.s history is replete with stories of humble beginnings3
representing both old wealth tycoons and newly enriched
entrepreneurs5
\e cannot leave young people isolated in the face of such

dilemmas5 Yhere is a need and responsibility for all of us to
understand young people and the context in which they live5
Tnly then might we be in a position to offer assistance3 in
ensuring that somehow they can find a balance in spite of the
dilemmas they face5
r {5;4- 6+562+ /4 l54- o54- ,|~+ | =/*+8 6552 5, 65:+4:/|2 ~536+:/:589U
opqyt gl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

,|+*w }|}+yp*x|{ hffj
\hat young people must be aware of is that their right to be

both cutting4edge and comfortable cannot be sustained unless
they take responsibility for their own consumption5 Yhey need
to find a balance vis4{4vis consumption and sufficiency3 waste
and recycling5
\hile this has severe consequences for individuals3 it also has

major repercussions for society as a whole5 ]oung people are
not only postponing marriage3 they are also postponing starting
families5 \ith an aging population in Mong Pong3 this is a
challenge that confronts the entire community5 Fs the divorce
rate grows due to strained life4styles3 a new family dynamic
emerges with consequences beyond the individual5
Yhe great challenge for young people now is to find a way to

be successful without succumbing to these new levels of
pressure5 \hat makes these issues resonate with significance
is the interlinked challenge they represent for parents3 educators3
policy makers and anyone concerned about the future5
8 Nnternational Qabour Trganisation5 fuztm vkuvrk ot yujg~,x |uwrj5 Wetrieved

Sovember <3 977?3 from httpA66www5ilo5
org6public6english6employment6skills6youth6young5htm
et
\hat opportunities are afforded by the easy accessibility of

goods for functional3 utilitarian and aesthetic reasons are very
often outweighed by wanting to have the latest5 Yhis can even
come at the cost of owning more than one item of anything3
increased wastage and a belief that things are disposable with
little or no worth5
\hat we have seen especially in the last few years3 is a young

workforce driven to prove themselves5 Nn certain occupations3
they 0burn4out0 from a level of stress and related psychoses
never manifested before5 Qong working hours3 addictions to
stimuli3 exaggerated release valves and excessive behaviour
have all contributed to a serious upset in work4life balance5
c
e
Mong Pong highlights another lurking dilemma that can upset

young people.s balance5 Nt lies in the city.s vast wealth5 Iespite
current financial problems3 the desire for the latest3 the newest3
the biggest and best is common among most young people5
\hether authentic or counterfeit3 brand consciousness is very
much part of their social identity5
Nt is no wonder then that Mong Pong.s reputation and inner

conviction is that here anything is possible5 Yhis creates a sense
of identity powerful enough to drive the community forward3
fuelled by educational attainment3 highly developed insight3
financial acumen3 a global perspective and a can4do spirit5
sm
iu
Flthough the vast opportunities offered by high4tech

infrastructure give Mong Pong youth a big advantage3 in their
quest for competitiveness3 they must be aware of this down4
side5 Yhey need encouragement to balance the benefits
technology brings for advancement3 knowledge and efficiency
with the potential loss of personal relations3 and possible decline
in mental and physical health5
Xource of Yables 8 and 9A Znited Sations3 Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial

Fffairs3 Uopulation Iivision3 \orld population prospectsA the 977= revision5
HI4WTR editionA extended dataset
PXR
Xource retrieved Sovember 883 977?3 from \orld youth report 977>A statistical
annex5 httpA66www5un5
< ZS Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial Fffairs3 Iivision for Xustainable

Ievelopment5 Wnorjwkt gtj fuzyn ot bzxygotghrk Xk{kruvsktyL Fgenda 983 Hhapter
9<5 Wetrieved < Sovember3 977?3 from httpA66www5un5
org6esa6sustdev6documents6agenda986english6agenda98chapter9<5htm
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
7DBCFDBCL
7DBCFDBCL
Mowever3 as the world becomes smaller through its global

interconnections3 young people in Mong Pong face a wider
pool of potential competitors3 not only locally or from Hhina3
but from the rest of the world5 Yhere is now a challenge and
an expectation very different and perhaps greater than that
faced by previous generations5
r l54- o54- ./-.2/-.:9 |45:.+8 2;81/4- */2+33| :.|: ~|4 ;69+: ?5;4-
6+562+R9 }|2|4~+W m: 2/+9 /4 :.+ ~/:?C9 <|9: =+|2:.W w.+ *+9/8+ ,58 :.+ 2|:+9:U :.+
4+=+9:U :.+ }/--+9: |4* }+9: /9 ~53354W z.+:.+8 |;:.+4:/~ 58 ~5;4:+8,+/:U
}8|4* ~549~/5;94+99 /9 <+8? 3;~. 6|8: 5, :.+/8 95~/|2 /*+4:/:?Ws
VR
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
opqyt hl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

}t~rt{*pvt rwp{vt |u ,|+*w }|}+yp*x|{
gkkiehfgi
9 Znited Sations Trganisation5 1977>25 bygyoxyoigr Uttk} + euwrj fuzyn akvuwy

vL OQQL Wetrieved Sovember =3 977?3 from httpA66www5un5
: [utm \utm Wktxzx J bygyoxyoix XkvgwysktyL 1977?25 Wetrieved Sovember 983
977?3 from3 httpA66www5censtatd5gov5
hk6hong`kong`statistics6statistics`by`subject6index5jspD
subjectNIC8/charsetNIC8/displayRodeCY
TR
w
xl
ik
i
is
`
gx
i
is
z
h
so
xl
k
tr
lv
b
qqi
jl
xl
k
eo
sm
k
is
xvi
si
^y
w
no
`
l
tv
ui
di
av
h
so
lw
is
ik
`
; Yhe Mong Pong Houncil of Xocial Xervice 1Fpril3 977>25 Wnorjwkt gtj fuzyn
buiogr bkw{oikx ot [utm \utm p5 8 Wetrieved Sovember 973 977? from httpA
66www5hkcss5org5hk6download6folder6cy6cyèng5doc5
so
xl
gx
ix
r
is
kt
r
lv
jl
sm
is
eo
qqi
vi
si
so
xl
av
wx
^y
`
no
i
vl
ui
s
di
vl
mi
ut
PVR
et
v
PTR
li
45: 542? 25~|22? 58 ,853 g./4|U };: ,853 :.+ 8+9: 5, :.+ =582*W w.+8+ /9 45=
| ~.|22+4-+ |4* |4 +>6+~:|:/54 <+8? */,,+8+4: |4* 6+8.|69 -8+|:+8 :.|4 :.|:
,|~+* }? 68+</5;9 -+4+8|:/549Ws
go
SZ
SX
SV
ST
SR
Z
X
V
T
R
go
s
Fnother factor that highlights the dilemma facing young people

in Mong Pong lies3 ironically3 in the city.s success5 Yhis is a
place where the chance to succeed3 achieve and become a leader
no matter what your background is very real5 Nn fact3 Mong
Pong.s history is replete with stories of humble beginnings3
representing both old wealth tycoons and newly enriched
entrepreneurs5
\e cannot leave young people isolated in the face of such

dilemmas5 Yhere is a need and responsibility for all of us to
understand young people and the context in which they live5
Tnly then might we be in a position to offer assistance3 in
ensuring that somehow they can find a balance in spite of the
dilemmas they face5
r {5;4- 6+562+ /4 l54- o54- ,|~+ | =/*+8 6552 5, 65:+4:/|2 ~536+:/:589U
opqyt gl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

,|+*w }|}+yp*x|{ hffj
\hat young people must be aware of is that their right to be

both cutting4edge and comfortable cannot be sustained unless
they take responsibility for their own consumption5 Yhey need
to find a balance vis4{4vis consumption and sufficiency3 waste
and recycling5
\hile this has severe consequences for individuals3 it also has

major repercussions for society as a whole5 ]oung people are
not only postponing marriage3 they are also postponing starting
families5 \ith an aging population in Mong Pong3 this is a
challenge that confronts the entire community5 Fs the divorce
rate grows due to strained life4styles3 a new family dynamic
emerges with consequences beyond the individual5
Yhe great challenge for young people now is to find a way to

be successful without succumbing to these new levels of
pressure5 \hat makes these issues resonate with significance
is the interlinked challenge they represent for parents3 educators3
policy makers and anyone concerned about the future5
8 Nnternational Qabour Trganisation5 fuztm vkuvrk ot yujg~,x |uwrj5 Wetrieved

Sovember <3 977?3 from httpA66www5ilo5
org6public6english6employment6skills6youth6young5htm
et
\hat opportunities are afforded by the easy accessibility of

goods for functional3 utilitarian and aesthetic reasons are very
often outweighed by wanting to have the latest5 Yhis can even
come at the cost of owning more than one item of anything3
increased wastage and a belief that things are disposable with
little or no worth5
\hat we have seen especially in the last few years3 is a young

workforce driven to prove themselves5 Nn certain occupations3
they 0burn4out0 from a level of stress and related psychoses
never manifested before5 Qong working hours3 addictions to
stimuli3 exaggerated release valves and excessive behaviour
have all contributed to a serious upset in work4life balance5
c
e
Mong Pong highlights another lurking dilemma that can upset

young people.s balance5 Nt lies in the city.s vast wealth5 Iespite
current financial problems3 the desire for the latest3 the newest3
the biggest and best is common among most young people5
\hether authentic or counterfeit3 brand consciousness is very
much part of their social identity5
Nt is no wonder then that Mong Pong.s reputation and inner

conviction is that here anything is possible5 Yhis creates a sense
of identity powerful enough to drive the community forward3
fuelled by educational attainment3 highly developed insight3
financial acumen3 a global perspective and a can4do spirit5
sm
iu
Flthough the vast opportunities offered by high4tech

infrastructure give Mong Pong youth a big advantage3 in their
quest for competitiveness3 they must be aware of this down4
side5 Yhey need encouragement to balance the benefits
technology brings for advancement3 knowledge and efficiency
with the potential loss of personal relations3 and possible decline
in mental and physical health5
Xource of Yables 8 and 9A Znited Sations3 Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial

Fffairs3 Uopulation Iivision3 \orld population prospectsA the 977= revision5
HI4WTR editionA extended dataset
PXR
Xource retrieved Sovember 883 977?3 from \orld youth report 977>A statistical
annex5 httpA66www5un5
< ZS Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial Fffairs3 Iivision for Xustainable

Ievelopment5 Wnorjwkt gtj fuzyn ot bzxygotghrk Xk{kruvsktyL Fgenda 983 Hhapter
9<5 Wetrieved < Sovember3 977?3 from httpA66www5un5
org6esa6sustdev6documents6agenda986english6agenda98chapter9<5htm
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
8GL@JND@O
8GL@JND@O
vx2{/43 6~0 153~n

MYO [RO] WPP [YMNTJ
Phe\[iieh Lk_ SW_4bea3 [c_d[dj b[Yjkh[h _d ieY_ebe]o Wj S^[ D^_d[i[ Td_l[hi_jo e\ Ied] Ked]3 _i W m_Z[bo
fkXb_i^[Z Wkjêh WdZ \Wj^[h e\ jme j[[dW][ iedi5 I[ jWba[Z je FJLKH DJIG EJIG WXekj êm Ied] Ked]
Wjj_jkZ[i ^Wl[ Y^Wd][Z i_dY[ ^[ mWi oekd] WdZ êm j^[i[ Y^Wd][i ^Wl[ _d[l_jWXbo W\\[Yj[Z jeZWoqi
Ied] Ked] oekj^5 I_i YedYbki_edi Wh[ j^Wj j^[ fWh[dj_d] WdZ j^[ c[h_jeYhWYo ^[ ]h[m kf m_j^3 m^[h[
_dZ[f[dZ[dY[ WdZ ^WhZ meha m[h[ [dYekhW][Z Wi W c[Wdi je ikhl_lWb WdZ ikYY[ii3 ^Wl[ Wbie Y^Wd][Z
ZhWcWj_YWbbo5 S^Wj m[ dem ^Wl[ W ceZ[b feehbo ik_j[Z je jeZWo0i mehbZ5 U[ Wia[Z ^_c mô5
LSLA t-*7* <*7* +{7 247* 0.~8 .3 h43, k43, .3 9-* XR8 {3~ YR8 9-{3 9-*7* {7* 34<
{3~ <* 1*{73*~ ;*7> *{71> 43 {|4:9 }425*9.3, +47 *~:}{9.43 {3~ /4|8P o:7 5{7*398 9-4:,-9
9-*.7 741* <{8 94 574;.~* 7*84:7}*8 +47 {}}*88 94 *~:}{9.43 |*}{:8* 9-.8 <{8 9-* <{>
4:9P b:9 9-*> <*7* 349 D-{3~8O43E .3 9-* <{> 9-{9 94~{>E8 5{7*398 {7*P t-*> ~.~3E9 897:}9:7*
47 8-{5* 4:7 1.;*8 {3~ ,{;* :8 { 149 4+ +7**~42P t-*> |*1.*;*~ 9-{9 >4:9- <*7* 9-* +:9:7*N
9-{9 9-*> 03*< 247*N {3~ 84 9-*> ,7{39*~ +7**~428 9-{9 9-.8 ,*3*7{9.43 4+ >4:9- -{;*
3*;*7 -{~P
Phe\[iieh Lk_ SW_4bea3
d*5{792*39 4+ s4}.414,>N
c-.3*8* u3.;*78.9> 4+
h43, k43,
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-{9 94~{>E8 5{7*398 {7* 247* .38*}:7* .3 842* <{>8_
LSLA y*8 }*79{.31>P t-*> {7* 4;*7{3=.4:8 {3~ {8 { 7*8:19 9-*>
5:8-N 5:8-N 5:8-N 47,{3.?.3, 9-*.7 }-.1~7*3 94 9-* ;*7> 1{89 ~*9{.1P
a8 { 7*8:19N 94~{>E8 0.~8 ~43E9 034< <-{9 9-*> <{39N -4<*;*7
<*11O249.;{9*~ 9-*> {7*P t-*> 431> 034< <-{9 9-*.7 5{7*398 <{39P
t-*> ~43E9 034< -4< 94 }-448* {3~ 9*3~ 94 5489543* .3~*5*3~*3}*
.3~*+.3.9*1>N +.3~.3, ~*}.8.43O2{0.3, ;*7> ~.++.}:19P
d4 >4: 8** 9-.8 .3 >4:7 89:~*398_
LSLA e;*7> 9.2* i .39*7;.*< 9-*2P i9E8 ;*7> 4|;.4:8P iK11 ,.;* >4:
{3 *={251*P t-* 2489 ~.++.}:19 6:*89.43 +47 9-*2 94 {38<*7 .8N
D<-{9 {7* >4:7 -4||.*8N <-{9 ~4 >4: 1.0* ~4.3, .3 >4:7 85{7* 9.2*_E
t-*> +.3~ 9-{9 { ;*7> 94:,- 6:*89.43P i2{,.3* 9-.8 ~.{14,:*P
<.*,1.:i n8 A8= 524. :.*-270 27 A8=: ;9*:. <26.k
;<=-.7<i o::a A.;ccc
<.*,1.:i z8 ?1*< +884 *:. A8= :.*-270 78?k
;<=-.7<i w1 s`6 78< :.*-270 * +884 *< <1. 686.7<a 3=;< <1.
7.?;9*9.:ccc
<.*,1.:i }12,1 87. -8 A8= 9:./.:k }*; <1.:. * 088- *:<2,5. 27
<8-*AB; 9*9.:k
;<=-.7<i |=1a *,<=*55A s -2-7B< :.*- <8-*AB; 9*9.:a s ?*; +=;A -8270
;86.<1270 .5;.ccc
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
r555jeZWoqi a_Zi Zed0j adem m^Wj j^[o mWdj3 êm[l[h m[bb4cej_lWj[Z j^[o Wh[5 S^[o
edbo adem m^Wj j^[_h fWh[dji mWdj5 S^[o Zedqj adem êm je Yêei[ WdZ j[dZ je
feijfed[ _dZ[f[dZ[dY[ _dZ[\_d_j[bo555s
p*7-{58 .9K8 |*}{:8* 9-*> ~43E9 <{39 94 ,.;* 9-* <743, {38<*7P
LSLA e={}91>P t-*> 97{.1 4++ {3~ 1440 :3-{55>P i9E8 4|;.4:81> 7*{11>
-{7~ +47 9-*2P i3 +{}9N 9-*> ~43E9 8**2 94 034< <-{9 9-*> 1.0*N
|:9 9-*> }{3 8{> <-{9 9-*> ~.81.0*P f:3~{2*39{11>N 9-*> -{;* |**3
97{.3*~ .394 <{39.3, 94 ,.;* 431> 9-* 7.,-9 {38<*7P b:9 4+ }4:78*N
9-{9E8 349 <-{9 iE2 1440.3, +47P t-*7* {7* 34 7.,-9 {38<*78 94 8:}6:*89.438P
m.~~1*O}1{88 h43, k43, 5{7*398 8**2 94 +.11 :5 {11 9-*.7 }-.1~7*3E8
1*.8:7* 9.2*P y4: 8** 9-*2 9{0.3, 9-* 0.~8 *;*7><-*7*N 94 8<.22.3,
}1{88*8N ;.41.3 1*88438N {~;*78.9> 97{.3.3, }{258N 1*{~*78-.5 }4:78*8P
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-*> ,*9 {3> }-4.}*_
LSLA y4:3,89*78 {7* 5:8-*~ {74:3~N -45*+:11> .3 9-* 7.,-9 ~.7*}9.43N
.389*{~ 4+ |*.3, ,.;*3 7*{1 459.438P t-*> {7*3E9 {114<*~ 94 <{3~*7N
2{0* 2.89{0*8 {3~ +.3~ 9-*.7 4<3 5{9-P t-*> *3~ :5 <.9- 14< 8*1+O
*89**2 {3~ 1{}0 4+ ~.7*}9.43P t-*> ~43E9 1*{73 {|4:9 9-*28*1;*8P
w-*9-*7 .9E8 7*{~.3, 47 2:8.}N ~*,7**8 47 }{7**78N 8<.22.3, 47
9*33.8P t-*> }{3E9 }-448* +47 9-*28*1;*8P e;*3 <.9- -42*<470P
k.~8 ,4 |{}0 94 8}-441 <.9- 5*7+*}9 -42*<470P e;*7>9-.3, }477*}9P
h4< }42*_
LSLA b*}{:8* 5{7*398 -{;* ~43* 9-* -42*<470 <.9- 9-*2N /:89
{8 9-*> {7* *=5*}9*~ 94 |> 9-* 8}-4418P i3 2> ;.*<N 9-.8 <{> 4+
|7.3,.3, :5 0.~8 .8 |{}0+.7.3,P p{7*398 {7* 84 -{3~8O43 9-{9 9-*>
:3~*72.3* 9-* }-{3}*8 4+ >4:3, 5*451* 94 |*}42* .3~*5*3~*39P
t-*.7 }-4.}*8 {7* 57*O~.,*89*~ {3~ 84 9-*> -{;* +*<*7 }-{11*3,*8
94 +{}*P i 9-.30 <* {7* 8*3~.3, 9-*2 9-* <743, 8.,3{18P
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-.8 .8 { }-.}0*3 {3~ *,, 5-*342*343_ w-*7* 9-*

}-.1~7*3K8 7*{}9.43 }4397.|:9*8 94 9-* 574|1*2_
LSLA w*11N <* {11 {++*}9 43* {349-*7P y4: 034<N <*E;* {11 -*{7~
.9N D}42* |{}0 +47 ~.33*7EN 2:2 8{>8N D89{> <.9- :8 {3~ <*E11 -*15
>4:PPPE 8{>8 ~{~P o+ }4:78*N 9-* 0.~8 +.3~ .9 9*259.3, |*}{:8* .9E8
*{8>P f47 2> ,*3*7{9.43 9-.8 0.3~ 4+ ~*5*3~*3}* 43 +{2.1> <4:1~
|7.3, { 8*38* 4+ +{.1:7*P b:9 349 +47 9-*2P i9K8 3472{1P
r555j^_i mWo e\ Xh_d]_d] kf a_Zi _i XWYa\_h_d]5
PWh[dji Wh[ ie ^WdZi4ed j^Wj j^[o

kdZ[hc_d[ j^[ Y^WdY[i e\ oekd] f[efb[
je X[Yec[ _dZ[f[dZ[dj5 S^[_h Yê_Y[i
Wh[ fh[4Z_][ij[Z WdZ ie j^[o ^Wl[ \[m[h
Y^Wbb[d][i je \WY[5 J j^_da m[ Wh[ i[dZ_d]
j^[c j^[ mhed] i_]dWbi5s
}439.3:*~ 43 3*=9 5{,*PPP
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
8GL@JND@O
8GL@JND@O
vx2{/43 6~0 153~n

MYO [RO] WPP [YMNTJ
Phe\[iieh Lk_ SW_4bea3 [c_d[dj b[Yjkh[h _d ieY_ebe]o Wj S^[ D^_d[i[ Td_l[hi_jo e\ Ied] Ked]3 _i W m_Z[bo
fkXb_i^[Z Wkjêh WdZ \Wj^[h e\ jme j[[dW][ iedi5 I[ jWba[Z je FJLKH DJIG EJIG WXekj êm Ied] Ked]
Wjj_jkZ[i ^Wl[ Y^Wd][Z i_dY[ ^[ mWi oekd] WdZ êm j^[i[ Y^Wd][i ^Wl[ _d[l_jWXbo W\\[Yj[Z jeZWoqi
Ied] Ked] oekj^5 I_i YedYbki_edi Wh[ j^Wj j^[ fWh[dj_d] WdZ j^[ c[h_jeYhWYo ^[ ]h[m kf m_j^3 m^[h[
_dZ[f[dZ[dY[ WdZ ^WhZ meha m[h[ [dYekhW][Z Wi W c[Wdi je ikhl_lWb WdZ ikYY[ii3 ^Wl[ Wbie Y^Wd][Z
ZhWcWj_YWbbo5 S^Wj m[ dem ^Wl[ W ceZ[b feehbo ik_j[Z je jeZWo0i mehbZ5 U[ Wia[Z ^_c mô5
LSLA t-*7* <*7* +{7 247* 0.~8 .3 h43, k43, .3 9-* XR8 {3~ YR8 9-{3 9-*7* {7* 34<
{3~ <* 1*{73*~ ;*7> *{71> 43 {|4:9 }425*9.3, +47 *~:}{9.43 {3~ /4|8P o:7 5{7*398 9-4:,-9
9-*.7 741* <{8 94 574;.~* 7*84:7}*8 +47 {}}*88 94 *~:}{9.43 |*}{:8* 9-.8 <{8 9-* <{>
4:9P b:9 9-*> <*7* 349 D-{3~8O43E .3 9-* <{> 9-{9 94~{>E8 5{7*398 {7*P t-*> ~.~3E9 897:}9:7*
47 8-{5* 4:7 1.;*8 {3~ ,{;* :8 { 149 4+ +7**~42P t-*> |*1.*;*~ 9-{9 >4:9- <*7* 9-* +:9:7*N
9-{9 9-*> 03*< 247*N {3~ 84 9-*> ,7{39*~ +7**~428 9-{9 9-.8 ,*3*7{9.43 4+ >4:9- -{;*
3*;*7 -{~P
Phe\[iieh Lk_ SW_4bea3
d*5{792*39 4+ s4}.414,>N
c-.3*8* u3.;*78.9> 4+
h43, k43,
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-{9 94~{>E8 5{7*398 {7* 247* .38*}:7* .3 842* <{>8_
LSLA y*8 }*79{.31>P t-*> {7* 4;*7{3=.4:8 {3~ {8 { 7*8:19 9-*>
5:8-N 5:8-N 5:8-N 47,{3.?.3, 9-*.7 }-.1~7*3 94 9-* ;*7> 1{89 ~*9{.1P
a8 { 7*8:19N 94~{>E8 0.~8 ~43E9 034< <-{9 9-*> <{39N -4<*;*7
<*11O249.;{9*~ 9-*> {7*P t-*> 431> 034< <-{9 9-*.7 5{7*398 <{39P
t-*> ~43E9 034< -4< 94 }-448* {3~ 9*3~ 94 5489543* .3~*5*3~*3}*
.3~*+.3.9*1>N +.3~.3, ~*}.8.43O2{0.3, ;*7> ~.++.}:19P
d4 >4: 8** 9-.8 .3 >4:7 89:~*398_
LSLA e;*7> 9.2* i .39*7;.*< 9-*2P i9E8 ;*7> 4|;.4:8P iK11 ,.;* >4:
{3 *={251*P t-* 2489 ~.++.}:19 6:*89.43 +47 9-*2 94 {38<*7 .8N
D<-{9 {7* >4:7 -4||.*8N <-{9 ~4 >4: 1.0* ~4.3, .3 >4:7 85{7* 9.2*_E
t-*> +.3~ 9-{9 { ;*7> 94:,- 6:*89.43P i2{,.3* 9-.8 ~.{14,:*P
<.*,1.:i n8 A8= 524. :.*-270 27 A8=: ;9*:. <26.k
;<=-.7<i o::a A.;ccc
<.*,1.:i z8 ?1*< +884 *:. A8= :.*-270 78?k
;<=-.7<i w1 s`6 78< :.*-270 * +884 *< <1. 686.7<a 3=;< <1.
7.?;9*9.:ccc
<.*,1.:i }12,1 87. -8 A8= 9:./.:k }*; <1.:. * 088- *:<2,5. 27
<8-*AB; 9*9.:k
;<=-.7<i |=1a *,<=*55A s -2-7B< :.*- <8-*AB; 9*9.:a s ?*; +=;A -8270
;86.<1270 .5;.ccc
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
r555jeZWoqi a_Zi Zed0j adem m^Wj j^[o mWdj3 êm[l[h m[bb4cej_lWj[Z j^[o Wh[5 S^[o
edbo adem m^Wj j^[_h fWh[dji mWdj5 S^[o Zedqj adem êm je Yêei[ WdZ j[dZ je
feijfed[ _dZ[f[dZ[dY[ _dZ[\_d_j[bo555s
p*7-{58 .9K8 |*}{:8* 9-*> ~43E9 <{39 94 ,.;* 9-* <743, {38<*7P
LSLA e={}91>P t-*> 97{.1 4++ {3~ 1440 :3-{55>P i9E8 4|;.4:81> 7*{11>
-{7~ +47 9-*2P i3 +{}9N 9-*> ~43E9 8**2 94 034< <-{9 9-*> 1.0*N
|:9 9-*> }{3 8{> <-{9 9-*> ~.81.0*P f:3~{2*39{11>N 9-*> -{;* |**3
97{.3*~ .394 <{39.3, 94 ,.;* 431> 9-* 7.,-9 {38<*7P b:9 4+ }4:78*N
9-{9E8 349 <-{9 iE2 1440.3, +47P t-*7* {7* 34 7.,-9 {38<*78 94 8:}6:*89.438P
m.~~1*O}1{88 h43, k43, 5{7*398 8**2 94 +.11 :5 {11 9-*.7 }-.1~7*3E8
1*.8:7* 9.2*P y4: 8** 9-*2 9{0.3, 9-* 0.~8 *;*7><-*7*N 94 8<.22.3,
}1{88*8N ;.41.3 1*88438N {~;*78.9> 97{.3.3, }{258N 1*{~*78-.5 }4:78*8P
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-*> ,*9 {3> }-4.}*_
LSLA y4:3,89*78 {7* 5:8-*~ {74:3~N -45*+:11> .3 9-* 7.,-9 ~.7*}9.43N
.389*{~ 4+ |*.3, ,.;*3 7*{1 459.438P t-*> {7*3E9 {114<*~ 94 <{3~*7N
2{0* 2.89{0*8 {3~ +.3~ 9-*.7 4<3 5{9-P t-*> *3~ :5 <.9- 14< 8*1+O
*89**2 {3~ 1{}0 4+ ~.7*}9.43P t-*> ~43E9 1*{73 {|4:9 9-*28*1;*8P
w-*9-*7 .9E8 7*{~.3, 47 2:8.}N ~*,7**8 47 }{7**78N 8<.22.3, 47
9*33.8P t-*> }{3E9 }-448* +47 9-*28*1;*8P e;*3 <.9- -42*<470P
k.~8 ,4 |{}0 94 8}-441 <.9- 5*7+*}9 -42*<470P e;*7>9-.3, }477*}9P
h4< }42*_
LSLA b*}{:8* 5{7*398 -{;* ~43* 9-* -42*<470 <.9- 9-*2N /:89
{8 9-*> {7* *=5*}9*~ 94 |> 9-* 8}-4418P i3 2> ;.*<N 9-.8 <{> 4+
|7.3,.3, :5 0.~8 .8 |{}0+.7.3,P p{7*398 {7* 84 -{3~8O43 9-{9 9-*>
:3~*72.3* 9-* }-{3}*8 4+ >4:3, 5*451* 94 |*}42* .3~*5*3~*39P
t-*.7 }-4.}*8 {7* 57*O~.,*89*~ {3~ 84 9-*> -{;* +*<*7 }-{11*3,*8
94 +{}*P i 9-.30 <* {7* 8*3~.3, 9-*2 9-* <743, 8.,3{18P
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-.8 .8 { }-.}0*3 {3~ *,, 5-*342*343_ w-*7* 9-*

}-.1~7*3K8 7*{}9.43 }4397.|:9*8 94 9-* 574|1*2_
LSLA w*11N <* {11 {++*}9 43* {349-*7P y4: 034<N <*E;* {11 -*{7~
.9N D}42* |{}0 +47 ~.33*7EN 2:2 8{>8N D89{> <.9- :8 {3~ <*E11 -*15
>4:PPPE 8{>8 ~{~P o+ }4:78*N 9-* 0.~8 +.3~ .9 9*259.3, |*}{:8* .9E8
*{8>P f47 2> ,*3*7{9.43 9-.8 0.3~ 4+ ~*5*3~*3}* 43 +{2.1> <4:1~
|7.3, { 8*38* 4+ +{.1:7*P b:9 349 +47 9-*2P i9K8 3472{1P
r555j^_i mWo e\ Xh_d]_d] kf a_Zi _i XWYa\_h_d]5
PWh[dji Wh[ ie ^WdZi4ed j^Wj j^[o

kdZ[hc_d[ j^[ Y^WdY[i e\ oekd] f[efb[
je X[Yec[ _dZ[f[dZ[dj5 S^[_h Yê_Y[i
Wh[ fh[4Z_][ij[Z WdZ ie j^[o ^Wl[ \[m[h
Y^Wbb[d][i je \WY[5 J j^_da m[ Wh[ i[dZ_d]
j^[c j^[ mhed] i_]dWbi5s
}439.3:*~ 43 3*=9 5{,*PPP
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
8GL@JND@O
6@=LMJ@
k8+|: i>6+~:|:/549b
m{>|* .9E8 -{7~*7 94 |* {3 .3~*5*3~*39 .3~.;.~:{1 344:7 5{7*398P w-4 5{>8_ y4: 47 9-*2_
a}9:{11>N 4:7 5{7*398 1.0* 94 97> 94 }439741 :8 {3~ 9-{9E8 97:* {}7488
}:19:7*8 944P b:9 <-{9 ~4 >4: 9-.30 .8 9-* :3~*71>.3, 574|1*2 +47
h43, k43,_
LSLA t-* 7*{1 574|1*2 <.9- h43, k43, .8 <-{9 i }{11 .3897:2*39{1.82P
w* -{;* { }:19:7* 4+ .3897:2*39{1.82P e~:}{9.43 .8 .3897:2*39{1N
{1<{>8 ,*{7*~ 94<{7~8 ~4.3, 9-* 7.,-9 ~*,7**N ,*99.3, 9-* 7.,-9
/4|P i9 2*{38 9-{9 5{7*398E
5*7}*59.43 4+ 7*{1.9> .8 ~.89479*~P
S^[ h[Wb fheXb[c m_j^
t-*> 9-.30 9-*> 8** }1*{71> 9-*
Ied] Ked] _i m^Wj J YWbb
574|1*28 +{}*~ |> 9-*.7 0.~8 {3~
97> 94 841;* 9-*2P
_dijhkc[djWb_ic5 U[ ^Wl[ W
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-{9 h43, k43, .8
Ykbjkh[ e\ _dijhkc[djWb_ic5
:3.6:* .3 9-.8_
FZkYWj_ed _i _dijhkc[djWb3
LSLA n4N h43, k43, .8 349
WbmWoi ][Wh[Z jemWhZi Ze_d]
:3.6:* {19-4:,- .9 -{8 .98 4<3
85*}.{1 <{> 4+ ~*{1.3, <.9- .98
j^[ h_]^j Z[]h[[3 ][jj_d] j^[
574|1*28P t-* -{78-3*88 4+ 9-*
h_]^j èX5 Jj c[Wdi j^Wj
7*{1 <471~ +**18 }148*7 *;*3 94
fWh[dji0 f[hY[fj_ed e\ h[Wb_jo
94~{>E8 2.~~1*O}1{88 h43, k43,
_i Z_ijehj[Z5 S^[o j^_da j^[o
5{7*398 9-{3 94 2{3> 5{7*398
.3 49-*7 ~*;*145*~ 84}.*9.*8P s4
i[[ Yb[Whbo j^[ fheXb[ci
.9 3**~8 .98 4<3 85*}.{1 841:9.438P
\WY[Z Xo j^[_h a_Zi WdZ jho je
iebl[ j^[c5s
b:9 <-{9 }4:1~ 9-* 841:9.438 |*_

LSLA w* 3**~ 94 ,4 |{}0 94
|{8.}8\ *3}4:7{,* }7*{9.;.9> {3~
{79.89.} {|.1.9>P w* 3**~ 94 2{0* { |7*{0 <.9- 9-* }425*9.9.;*N
.3897:2*39{1.89 }:19:7* 4+ h43, k43,P i9 .8 2{0.3, >4:3, 5*451*
944 3{774< {3~ .8 }4:39*7O574~:}9.;*P
parents. wants for their children

i<+8? 6|8+4: =|4: :.+ }+9: ,58 :.+/8 ~./2*W m: /9 542? 4|:;8|2W w5 :.|: +4*U 45:./4- /9 96|8+*b +>:8| ~2|99+9
/4 3;9/~U |8:U *|4~+U 9658:9U 2|4-;|-+9 58 3|:.+3|:/~9W w.+ ~./2*U 45 3|::+8 =.|: ./9 58 .+8 :+36+8|3+4:
58 :|2+4:U =/22 -+: :.+ }+9: B|*<|4:|-+9C :.+ 6|8+4: ~|4 |,,58* |4* :.+ +|82/+8 +>:8| ~2|99+9 9:|8:U :.+ }+::+8W
f;: |: =.|: ~59:c
h4< ~4 <* {}-.*;* 9-{9_
LSLA a~:198 3**~ 94 ~*;*145 { 3*< {3~
<.~*7 8*38* 4+ 9.2*P t-*3 9-*> }4:1~
*3}4:7{,* >4:3, 5*451* 94 ~{11> {3~ D<{89*E
9.2*N 1*{73.3, |> 9-* 574}*88 4+ 2{0.3,
2.89{0*8N ,74<.3, :5 {8 |{1{3}*~ >4:3,
{~:198 <-4 {7*3E9 8}{7*~ 94 5:9 { +449 <743,P
n49 |*1.*;.3, 9-{9 9-*7* .8 431> 43* 7.,-9
74{~ 94 9{0*P i389*{~N 9-{9 9-*7* .8 { 143,
{3~ <.3~.3, 74{~ {3~ <* {11 +4114< .9P
i+ >4:3, 5*451* <*7* *3}4:7{,*~ 94 +4114<
9-{9 74{~ 9-*> <4:1~ -{;* }-{7{}9*7O|:.1~.3,
*=5*7.*3}*8 {143, 9-* <{>P t-*.7 -47.?438
<4:1~ |74{~*3 {8 9-*> <*39P a3~ 9-* 0.~8
<4:1~3E9 3**~ 47,{3.?*~ -41.~{>8 {|74{~
.3 47~*7 94 {}6:.7* ,14|{1 5*785*}9.;* {3>
247*P i9 <4:1~ }42* 3{9:7{11>P
Jducators3 youth workers and parents have long considered this question3 although
it is sometimes left unarticulated5 Rothers and fathers cannot be criticized for wanting
the best for their children5 Mowever3 perhaps now is the time to draw attention to
the problems that can be caused by trying to fulfil adult ambitions by placing
expectations that are too great on the younger generation5 Yhis is an increasingly
common phenomenon and caution is urged5
8 TWKIT VM_[XIXMZ5 ZMXWZ\ML WV IV ]VKWUNWZ\IJTa KWUUWV XPMVWUMVWV _PQKP
Q[ KMZ\IQVTa VW\ ]VQY]M \W \PM KQ\a3 BZ[ AW /VW\ PMZ ZMIT VIUM0 X]\ PMZ 572UWV\P2
WTL LI]OP\MZc[ VIUM LW_V NWZ \_W XWX]TIZ XZQUIZa [KPWWT[ [WWV IN\MZ [PM _I[
JWZV3 EPM _WZZQML [PM UQOP\ ITZMILa JM \WW TI\M3 EPM PIL ITZMILa [MV\ PMZ [WV \W
\_W XZM2[KPWWT[ I\ \PM IOM WN \_W1 IV`QW][ PM [PW]TL PI^M I JQTQVO]IT ML]KI\QWV3
>M PIL UWZVQVO[ QV :IV\WVM[M1 IN\MZVWWV[ QV ;VOTQ[P3 9]\ [PM IT[W _IV\ML PQU
\W TMIZV D]\WVOP]I1 [W \PMV PM _MV\ \W I LQNNMZMV\ XZM2[KPWWT _Q\P D]\WVOP]I
QV \PM UWZVQVO IVL ;VOTQ[P QV \PM IN\MZVWWV3 EWUM\QUM[ PM NMTT I[TMMX QV KTI[[1
J]\ [PM [\QTT JMTQM^ML [PM _I[ PMTXQVO PQU WV TQNM.[ RW]ZVMa3
i8 9-*7* {3>9-.3, <* }{3 ~4 34< 94 -*15 9-{9 574}*88_

LSLA i 9-.30 <* 8-4:1~ 7*.3974~:}* .389.9:9.43{1 897:}9:7*8 <-.}*3}4:7{,* ~.;*78.9> {3~ 8*1+O8:++.}.*3}>] 9-{9 {114< 89:~*398 94 ,4
4++ 43 9-*.7 4<3 43 143, ;{}{9.43N 1*{73.3, 94 |* .3~*5*3~*39 1.;.3,
43 { 1.2.9*~ |:~,*9 .3 { +47*.,3 }4:397>N 9{0.3, 9-*.7 9.2*N 2{0.3,
9-*.7 4<3 <{> {3~ 9-*.7 4<3 2.89{0*8P t-.8 <4:1~ -*15 ~.8841;*
9-* +*{7 4+ +7**~42 9-{9 |49- 5{7*398 {3~ >4:9- +**1P c:7.48.9>
<4:1~ ,74<N {8 <4:1~ { 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9> +47 9-*28*1;*8N
{3~ +47 49-*78P i 9-.30 9-.8 .8 <-{9 <* 8-4:1~ |* ~4.3,P m{0.3, .9
5488.|1*P g.;.3, 9-*2 9-* }-4.}*P
\anting your child to succeed is only natural5 Yhe best possible foundation will
ensure the youngster.s curriculum vitae is impressive enough for a place at a school
of good standing5 Gut when do normal expectations become what might be called
-Lreat JxpectationsD. Yhe expectations that cause unnecessary pressure3 that value
paper achievements over broadened horizons3 accumulation of information over
diversity of knowledge3 consumption over leisure3 and winning over participationD
WenoirA Zowrx gy ynk vogtu
\hile some might baulk at inflicting such schooling as Rrs Qo did 1see box above23
there are educators aware of the issue who see nothing wrong with it5 Kor example3
a teacher at one of the international schools in Mong Pong admitted to sending her
three4year4old not only for Jnglish and Hhinese classes3 but also for piano3 painting
and swimming lessons every day5 -Tne reason is so that my daughter makes good
use of ^her_ time5 Fnother3 of course3 is to make ^her_ more competitive5 Nt0s tough3
but that is the way society is5.
c422*398 43 9-.8 {79.}1* {3~ 6:*89.438 {|4:9 9-* ~.++.}:19.*8 +{}*~ |> 94~{>K8 5{7*398 {7* <{721> <*1}42*~P p1*{8* <7.9* 94 :8 {9 >4:9--43,043,`-0+>,P47,P-0
ed
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
IegasA Vgrrky jgtikwx ut ynk xygmk
continued on next page555
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ee
8GL@JND@O
6@=LMJ@
k8+|: i>6+~:|:/549b
m{>|* .9E8 -{7~*7 94 |* {3 .3~*5*3~*39 .3~.;.~:{1 344:7 5{7*398P w-4 5{>8_ y4: 47 9-*2_
a}9:{11>N 4:7 5{7*398 1.0* 94 97> 94 }439741 :8 {3~ 9-{9E8 97:* {}7488
}:19:7*8 944P b:9 <-{9 ~4 >4: 9-.30 .8 9-* :3~*71>.3, 574|1*2 +47
h43, k43,_
LSLA t-* 7*{1 574|1*2 <.9- h43, k43, .8 <-{9 i }{11 .3897:2*39{1.82P
w* -{;* { }:19:7* 4+ .3897:2*39{1.82P e~:}{9.43 .8 .3897:2*39{1N
{1<{>8 ,*{7*~ 94<{7~8 ~4.3, 9-* 7.,-9 ~*,7**N ,*99.3, 9-* 7.,-9
/4|P i9 2*{38 9-{9 5{7*398E
5*7}*59.43 4+ 7*{1.9> .8 ~.89479*~P
S^[ h[Wb fheXb[c m_j^
t-*> 9-.30 9-*> 8** }1*{71> 9-*
Ied] Ked] _i m^Wj J YWbb
574|1*28 +{}*~ |> 9-*.7 0.~8 {3~
97> 94 841;* 9-*2P
_dijhkc[djWb_ic5 U[ ^Wl[ W
d4 >4: 9-.30 9-{9 h43, k43, .8
Ykbjkh[ e\ _dijhkc[djWb_ic5
:3.6:* .3 9-.8_
FZkYWj_ed _i _dijhkc[djWb3
LSLA n4N h43, k43, .8 349
WbmWoi ][Wh[Z jemWhZi Ze_d]
:3.6:* {19-4:,- .9 -{8 .98 4<3
85*}.{1 <{> 4+ ~*{1.3, <.9- .98
j^[ h_]^j Z[]h[[3 ][jj_d] j^[
574|1*28P t-* -{78-3*88 4+ 9-*
h_]^j èX5 Jj c[Wdi j^Wj
7*{1 <471~ +**18 }148*7 *;*3 94
fWh[dji0 f[hY[fj_ed e\ h[Wb_jo
94~{>E8 2.~~1*O}1{88 h43, k43,
_i Z_ijehj[Z5 S^[o j^_da j^[o
5{7*398 9-{3 94 2{3> 5{7*398
.3 49-*7 ~*;*145*~ 84}.*9.*8P s4
i[[ Yb[Whbo j^[ fheXb[ci
.9 3**~8 .98 4<3 85*}.{1 841:9.438P
\WY[Z Xo j^[_h a_Zi WdZ jho je
iebl[ j^[c5s
b:9 <-{9 }4:1~ 9-* 841:9.438 |*_

LSLA w* 3**~ 94 ,4 |{}0 94
|{8.}8\ *3}4:7{,* }7*{9.;.9> {3~
{79.89.} {|.1.9>P w* 3**~ 94 2{0* { |7*{0 <.9- 9-* }425*9.9.;*N
.3897:2*39{1.89 }:19:7* 4+ h43, k43,P i9 .8 2{0.3, >4:3, 5*451*
944 3{774< {3~ .8 }4:39*7O574~:}9.;*P
parents. wants for their children

i<+8? 6|8+4: =|4: :.+ }+9: ,58 :.+/8 ~./2*W m: /9 542? 4|:;8|2W w5 :.|: +4*U 45:./4- /9 96|8+*b +>:8| ~2|99+9
/4 3;9/~U |8:U *|4~+U 9658:9U 2|4-;|-+9 58 3|:.+3|:/~9W w.+ ~./2*U 45 3|::+8 =.|: ./9 58 .+8 :+36+8|3+4:
58 :|2+4:U =/22 -+: :.+ }+9: B|*<|4:|-+9C :.+ 6|8+4: ~|4 |,,58* |4* :.+ +|82/+8 +>:8| ~2|99+9 9:|8:U :.+ }+::+8W
f;: |: =.|: ~59:c
h4< ~4 <* {}-.*;* 9-{9_
LSLA a~:198 3**~ 94 ~*;*145 { 3*< {3~
<.~*7 8*38* 4+ 9.2*P t-*3 9-*> }4:1~
*3}4:7{,* >4:3, 5*451* 94 ~{11> {3~ D<{89*E
9.2*N 1*{73.3, |> 9-* 574}*88 4+ 2{0.3,
2.89{0*8N ,74<.3, :5 {8 |{1{3}*~ >4:3,
{~:198 <-4 {7*3E9 8}{7*~ 94 5:9 { +449 <743,P
n49 |*1.*;.3, 9-{9 9-*7* .8 431> 43* 7.,-9
74{~ 94 9{0*P i389*{~N 9-{9 9-*7* .8 { 143,
{3~ <.3~.3, 74{~ {3~ <* {11 +4114< .9P
i+ >4:3, 5*451* <*7* *3}4:7{,*~ 94 +4114<
9-{9 74{~ 9-*> <4:1~ -{;* }-{7{}9*7O|:.1~.3,
*=5*7.*3}*8 {143, 9-* <{>P t-*.7 -47.?438
<4:1~ |74{~*3 {8 9-*> <*39P a3~ 9-* 0.~8
<4:1~3E9 3**~ 47,{3.?*~ -41.~{>8 {|74{~
.3 47~*7 94 {}6:.7* ,14|{1 5*785*}9.;* {3>
247*P i9 <4:1~ }42* 3{9:7{11>P
Jducators3 youth workers and parents have long considered this question3 although
it is sometimes left unarticulated5 Rothers and fathers cannot be criticized for wanting
the best for their children5 Mowever3 perhaps now is the time to draw attention to
the problems that can be caused by trying to fulfil adult ambitions by placing
expectations that are too great on the younger generation5 Yhis is an increasingly
common phenomenon and caution is urged5
8 TWKIT VM_[XIXMZ5 ZMXWZ\ML WV IV ]VKWUNWZ\IJTa KWUUWV XPMVWUMVWV _PQKP
Q[ KMZ\IQVTa VW\ ]VQY]M \W \PM KQ\a3 BZ[ AW /VW\ PMZ ZMIT VIUM0 X]\ PMZ 572UWV\P2
WTL LI]OP\MZc[ VIUM LW_V NWZ \_W XWX]TIZ XZQUIZa [KPWWT[ [WWV IN\MZ [PM _I[
JWZV3 EPM _WZZQML [PM UQOP\ ITZMILa JM \WW TI\M3 EPM PIL ITZMILa [MV\ PMZ [WV \W
\_W XZM2[KPWWT[ I\ \PM IOM WN \_W1 IV`QW][ PM [PW]TL PI^M I JQTQVO]IT ML]KI\QWV3
>M PIL UWZVQVO[ QV :IV\WVM[M1 IN\MZVWWV[ QV ;VOTQ[P3 9]\ [PM IT[W _IV\ML PQU
\W TMIZV D]\WVOP]I1 [W \PMV PM _MV\ \W I LQNNMZMV\ XZM2[KPWWT _Q\P D]\WVOP]I
QV \PM UWZVQVO IVL ;VOTQ[P QV \PM IN\MZVWWV3 EWUM\QUM[ PM NMTT I[TMMX QV KTI[[1
J]\ [PM [\QTT JMTQM^ML [PM _I[ PMTXQVO PQU WV TQNM.[ RW]ZVMa3
i8 9-*7* {3>9-.3, <* }{3 ~4 34< 94 -*15 9-{9 574}*88_

LSLA i 9-.30 <* 8-4:1~ 7*.3974~:}* .389.9:9.43{1 897:}9:7*8 <-.}*3}4:7{,* ~.;*78.9> {3~ 8*1+O8:++.}.*3}>] 9-{9 {114< 89:~*398 94 ,4
4++ 43 9-*.7 4<3 43 143, ;{}{9.43N 1*{73.3, 94 |* .3~*5*3~*39 1.;.3,
43 { 1.2.9*~ |:~,*9 .3 { +47*.,3 }4:397>N 9{0.3, 9-*.7 9.2*N 2{0.3,
9-*.7 4<3 <{> {3~ 9-*.7 4<3 2.89{0*8P t-.8 <4:1~ -*15 ~.8841;*
9-* +*{7 4+ +7**~42 9-{9 |49- 5{7*398 {3~ >4:9- +**1P c:7.48.9>
<4:1~ ,74<N {8 <4:1~ { 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9> +47 9-*28*1;*8N
{3~ +47 49-*78P i 9-.30 9-.8 .8 <-{9 <* 8-4:1~ |* ~4.3,P m{0.3, .9
5488.|1*P g.;.3, 9-*2 9-* }-4.}*P
\anting your child to succeed is only natural5 Yhe best possible foundation will
ensure the youngster.s curriculum vitae is impressive enough for a place at a school
of good standing5 Gut when do normal expectations become what might be called
-Lreat JxpectationsD. Yhe expectations that cause unnecessary pressure3 that value
paper achievements over broadened horizons3 accumulation of information over
diversity of knowledge3 consumption over leisure3 and winning over participationD
WenoirA Zowrx gy ynk vogtu
\hile some might baulk at inflicting such schooling as Rrs Qo did 1see box above23
there are educators aware of the issue who see nothing wrong with it5 Kor example3
a teacher at one of the international schools in Mong Pong admitted to sending her
three4year4old not only for Jnglish and Hhinese classes3 but also for piano3 painting
and swimming lessons every day5 -Tne reason is so that my daughter makes good
use of ^her_ time5 Fnother3 of course3 is to make ^her_ more competitive5 Nt0s tough3
but that is the way society is5.
c422*398 43 9-.8 {79.}1* {3~ 6:*89.438 {|4:9 9-* ~.++.}:19.*8 +{}*~ |> 94~{>K8 5{7*398 {7* <{721> <*1}42*~P p1*{8* <7.9* 94 :8 {9 >4:9--43,043,`-0+>,P47,P-0
ed
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
IegasA Vgrrky jgtikwx ut ynk xygmk
continued on next page555
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ee
6@=LMJ@
6@=LMJ@
Mow do we distinguish normal parental expectations from Lreat JxpectationsD
Yhe former involve a loving3 nurturing relationship3 taking into account the capabilities
of the child5 Yhe latter focus on achievement3 rather than all4round development5
Yhis is not a recent phenomenon5 Fmerican child psychologist Iavid Jlkind3 in cnk
[zwwokj Wnorj93 points the finger at parents5 Me says they -accelerate their children.s
acquisition of early skills and abilities3. forcing them into summer camps or competitive
sports3 -where routine is rigorous5. Gut he does not excuse the school system or society
at large either5
Yhe implication is a childhood that is no longer enjoyable5 Yhere is no pleasure in
learning new things or experiencing new adventures5 Jverything is about good
results5 Xport is no more an activity aimed at teaching physical coordination3 a way
to burn up energy and learn about teamwork5 Nnstead it becomes a platform where
winning is always preferred5
Maving fun
r i|~. ~./2* 9.5;2* }+ -/<+4 96|~+ |4* ,8++*53 :5 }+ /445<|:/<+U
~8+|:/<+ |4*U |}5<+ |22U :5 3|1+ 3/9:|1+9 |4* .|<+ ,;4W z.+:.+8
2+|84/4- | 4+= -|3+U 62|?/4- | 3;9/~|2 /49:8;3+4: 58 +<+4 *5/4- |
9~/+4:/,/~ +>6+8/3+4:U ~./2*8+4 9.5;2* }+ |}2+ :5 +405? :.+39+2<+9Ws
Gut how did we reach this point3 where childhood has lost its innocence and where
room for personal growth3 development3 creativity and play have become raritiesD
Mong Pong teenager loaded up for a
weekend of flute3 tennis and ballet lessons
r e :+|~.+8 |: 54+ 5, l54- o54- /4:+84|:/54|2 9~.5529 |*3/::+* :5 9+4*/4.+8 :.8++V?+|8V52* 45: 542? ,58 i4-2/9. |4* g./4+9+ ~2|99+9U };: |295 ,58
*|/2? 6/|45U 6|/4:/4- |4* 9=/33/4- 2+99549W Bq? *|;-.:+8 3|1+9 -55* ;9+
5, .+8 :/3+ |4* /: 3|1+9 .+8 358+ ~536+:/:/<+W w5;-.U };: :.|: /9 :.+ =|?
95~/+:? /9WC s
Flvin Wosenfeld3 former head of Hhild Usychiatry at Xtanford Redical Xchool3 argues that -adult anxiety and competitiveness.:
have resulted in Lreat Jxpectations being placed on young people without due consideration of their interests3 needs and
development5
Qearning and behaviour specialist3 Soel Oanis4Sorton; claims that it is parents3 rather than children who suffer from -peer pressure5.
Fnd it is this which results in the over scheduling of the child5
Xo where is the balanceD Uarents can learn to understand their children.s aptitudes
and abilities instead of indiscriminately foisting their own wishes and desires
on them5 Nt is said that problems with children who have been over scheduled
do not manifest themselves until secondary school5 \hile primary students might
be full of enthusiasm3 both for the activity3 as well as to please their parents3
resentment really starts to build up in adolescence5 Fnd this can often result in
a child giving up the activity altogether in conflict with his or her parents5 Hhildren
should be given room to be innovative and creative5 Yhey should be given the
freedom to make mistakes and not always feel the need to be -first.3 instead
developing a healthy attitude towards winning and losing5
Hhildren should be allowed to have fun5 \hether playing a game3 a musical instrument or even conducting a scientific experiment3
children should enjoy their activities5 Nf not3 they become a burden5 Hhildren also need encouragement5 F constant barrage of
criticism and comparisons leads to low self4esteem which erodes confidence5 Jach child needs to feel that they have something
to contribute5 Yhey need to feel comfortable in order to be well4balanced5 Kor that they need an atmosphere without Lreat
Jxpectations and pressure5
\e live in a world that is competitive3 and competition is healthy5 \e live in a world that judges success very much on achievements3
and achievements are to be applauded5 \hat is not healthy3 and not laudable3 are the over4expectations that threaten a child.s
all4round development5 Yhey lead to imbalance3 stress3 and3 ultimately to resentment5
t/~:;8+ |~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Uage 88 1upper2 Lirls at the piano5 Uierre4Fuguste Wenoir5 Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from
httpA66upload5wikimedia5org6wikipedia6commons6thumb6e6ed6Wenoir9:5jpg6:<7px4Wenoir9:5jpg
1lower2 Gallet dancers on the stage5 Jdgar Iegas5 Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from
Yhe affect on the child is unsurprising5 Xociologists have argued that childhood has now become a -luxury. because of the quest
to speed up the transition from childhood to adulthood through so many extra4curricular activities5 F family therapist argues3
furthermore3 that children are responding in increasingly negative ways to this forced pressure5 Yhe following points are made
in evidence5<
1
1
1
1
teens killing themselves and each other at triple the rate they were 97 years ago
girls in ;th grade who are -dieting.
97. of children -failing. kindergarten
more children than ever before being medicated to make them more -manageable. and -educable.
httpA66upload5wikimedia5org6wikipedia6commons6thumb6a6a>6Jdgar`Lermain`MilaireÌegas555
Uage 8: by Qakshmi Oacot~a 1977=25
v5;8~+9
8
Uushed to the limit5 1Futumn6\inter3 977<25 Xunday Rorning Uost Hhild Hare3 Xpecial Xupplement5
Iavid Jlkind5 18@?825 Yhe hurried childA Lrowing up too fast too soon5 Weading3 Rass5A Fddison4\esley5
Xtressed out + Jxperts recommendation for students who face intense parental pressure to excel5 1Ray ?3 977<25 Xan Krancisco Hhronicle5
Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from httpA66www5sfgate5com6cgi4bin6article5cgiDfileC6c6a6977<67<67?6RSL;;HQ[8[85IYQ/typeCp555
Melena Uozniak5 Yhe after4school activity merry4go4round5 1Sovember 993 977?25 Yhe Yimes5 Wetrieved Sovember 9>3 977?3 from
httpA66women5timesonline5co5uk6tol6lifeànd`style6women6bodyànd`soul6article<97;?@;5ece
<
Harleton Pendrick5 1n5d525 Yhe Murried Hhild in Kamily Jducation5 Wetrieved Sovember 9?3 977?3 from
httpA66life5familyeducation5com6stress6extracurricular4activities6:=8?>5htmlDemail
ef
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
eg
6@=LMJ@
6@=LMJ@
Mow do we distinguish normal parental expectations from Lreat JxpectationsD
Yhe former involve a loving3 nurturing relationship3 taking into account the capabilities
of the child5 Yhe latter focus on achievement3 rather than all4round development5
Yhis is not a recent phenomenon5 Fmerican child psychologist Iavid Jlkind3 in cnk
[zwwokj Wnorj93 points the finger at parents5 Me says they -accelerate their children.s
acquisition of early skills and abilities3. forcing them into summer camps or competitive
sports3 -where routine is rigorous5. Gut he does not excuse the school system or society
at large either5
Yhe implication is a childhood that is no longer enjoyable5 Yhere is no pleasure in
learning new things or experiencing new adventures5 Jverything is about good
results5 Xport is no more an activity aimed at teaching physical coordination3 a way
to burn up energy and learn about teamwork5 Nnstead it becomes a platform where
winning is always preferred5
Maving fun
r i|~. ~./2* 9.5;2* }+ -/<+4 96|~+ |4* ,8++*53 :5 }+ /445<|:/<+U
~8+|:/<+ |4*U |}5<+ |22U :5 3|1+ 3/9:|1+9 |4* .|<+ ,;4W z.+:.+8
2+|84/4- | 4+= -|3+U 62|?/4- | 3;9/~|2 /49:8;3+4: 58 +<+4 *5/4- |
9~/+4:/,/~ +>6+8/3+4:U ~./2*8+4 9.5;2* }+ |}2+ :5 +405? :.+39+2<+9Ws
Gut how did we reach this point3 where childhood has lost its innocence and where
room for personal growth3 development3 creativity and play have become raritiesD
Mong Pong teenager loaded up for a
weekend of flute3 tennis and ballet lessons
r e :+|~.+8 |: 54+ 5, l54- o54- /4:+84|:/54|2 9~.5529 |*3/::+* :5 9+4*/4.+8 :.8++V?+|8V52* 45: 542? ,58 i4-2/9. |4* g./4+9+ ~2|99+9U };: |295 ,58
*|/2? 6/|45U 6|/4:/4- |4* 9=/33/4- 2+99549W Bq? *|;-.:+8 3|1+9 -55* ;9+
5, .+8 :/3+ |4* /: 3|1+9 .+8 358+ ~536+:/:/<+W w5;-.U };: :.|: /9 :.+ =|?
95~/+:? /9WC s
Flvin Wosenfeld3 former head of Hhild Usychiatry at Xtanford Redical Xchool3 argues that -adult anxiety and competitiveness.:
have resulted in Lreat Jxpectations being placed on young people without due consideration of their interests3 needs and
development5
Qearning and behaviour specialist3 Soel Oanis4Sorton; claims that it is parents3 rather than children who suffer from -peer pressure5.
Fnd it is this which results in the over scheduling of the child5
Xo where is the balanceD Uarents can learn to understand their children.s aptitudes
and abilities instead of indiscriminately foisting their own wishes and desires
on them5 Nt is said that problems with children who have been over scheduled
do not manifest themselves until secondary school5 \hile primary students might
be full of enthusiasm3 both for the activity3 as well as to please their parents3
resentment really starts to build up in adolescence5 Fnd this can often result in
a child giving up the activity altogether in conflict with his or her parents5 Hhildren
should be given room to be innovative and creative5 Yhey should be given the
freedom to make mistakes and not always feel the need to be -first.3 instead
developing a healthy attitude towards winning and losing5
Hhildren should be allowed to have fun5 \hether playing a game3 a musical instrument or even conducting a scientific experiment3
children should enjoy their activities5 Nf not3 they become a burden5 Hhildren also need encouragement5 F constant barrage of
criticism and comparisons leads to low self4esteem which erodes confidence5 Jach child needs to feel that they have something
to contribute5 Yhey need to feel comfortable in order to be well4balanced5 Kor that they need an atmosphere without Lreat
Jxpectations and pressure5
\e live in a world that is competitive3 and competition is healthy5 \e live in a world that judges success very much on achievements3
and achievements are to be applauded5 \hat is not healthy3 and not laudable3 are the over4expectations that threaten a child.s
all4round development5 Yhey lead to imbalance3 stress3 and3 ultimately to resentment5
t/~:;8+ |~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Uage 88 1upper2 Lirls at the piano5 Uierre4Fuguste Wenoir5 Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from
httpA66upload5wikimedia5org6wikipedia6commons6thumb6e6ed6Wenoir9:5jpg6:<7px4Wenoir9:5jpg
1lower2 Gallet dancers on the stage5 Jdgar Iegas5 Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from
Yhe affect on the child is unsurprising5 Xociologists have argued that childhood has now become a -luxury. because of the quest
to speed up the transition from childhood to adulthood through so many extra4curricular activities5 F family therapist argues3
furthermore3 that children are responding in increasingly negative ways to this forced pressure5 Yhe following points are made
in evidence5<
1
1
1
1
teens killing themselves and each other at triple the rate they were 97 years ago
girls in ;th grade who are -dieting.
97. of children -failing. kindergarten
more children than ever before being medicated to make them more -manageable. and -educable.
httpA66upload5wikimedia5org6wikipedia6commons6thumb6a6a>6Jdgar`Lermain`MilaireÌegas555
Uage 8: by Qakshmi Oacot~a 1977=25
v5;8~+9
8
Uushed to the limit5 1Futumn6\inter3 977<25 Xunday Rorning Uost Hhild Hare3 Xpecial Xupplement5
Iavid Jlkind5 18@?825 Yhe hurried childA Lrowing up too fast too soon5 Weading3 Rass5A Fddison4\esley5
Xtressed out + Jxperts recommendation for students who face intense parental pressure to excel5 1Ray ?3 977<25 Xan Krancisco Hhronicle5
Wetrieved Sovember 9;3 977?3 from httpA66www5sfgate5com6cgi4bin6article5cgiDfileC6c6a6977<67<67?6RSL;;HQ[8[85IYQ/typeCp555
Melena Uozniak5 Yhe after4school activity merry4go4round5 1Sovember 993 977?25 Yhe Yimes5 Wetrieved Sovember 9>3 977?3 from
httpA66women5timesonline5co5uk6tol6lifeànd`style6women6bodyànd`soul6article<97;?@;5ece
<
Harleton Pendrick5 1n5d525 Yhe Murried Hhild in Kamily Jducation5 Wetrieved Sovember 9?3 977?3 from
httpA66life5familyeducation5com6stress6extracurricular4activities6:=8?>5htmlDemail
ef
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
eg
:G LC@ =B@G?=
:G LC@ =B@G?=
u{6 8054~ |02 r0/} t0/}
: <@E=;G@CB >CE FGE:G=?@; DCA@;H
S^_i f_[Y[ ef[di W Z_iYkii_ed \ehkc \eh feb_Yo cWjj[hi YedY[hd_d] j^[
oekj^ e\ Ied] Ked]5 Jj \eYki[i ed j^[ meha e\ Phe\[iieh I[b[d R_k e\
j^[ E[fWhjc[dj e\ Bdj^hefebe]o Wj VWb[ Td_l[hi_jo5 Cehd _d Ied] Ked]
WdZ Z[[fbo Yecc_jj[Z je j^[ \kjkh[ m[bb4X[_d] e\ j^[ Y_jo0i _dij_jkj_edi
WdZ f[efb[3 i^[ [ijWXb_i^[Z j^[ Ied] Ked] Jdij_jkj[ \eh j^[ IkcWd_j_[i
WdZ ReY_Wb RY_[dY[i Wj j^[ Td_l[hi_jo e\ Ied] Ked]5 I[b[d R_k ^Wi
ijkZ_[Z êm j^[ Y_jo YWd X[ij X[ a[fj oekj^\kb WdZ l_XhWdj m^_b[ _ji
fefkbWj_ed W][i5 S^[ YedYbki_edi i^[ WdZ ^[h Ye4Wkjêhi h[WY^[Z
Wff[Wh[Z _d i[l[hWb fkXb_YWj_edi m^_Y^ Wh[ gkej[Z _d j^_i Whj_Yb[5
Phe\[iieh I[b[d G R_k
y{1* u3.;*78.9>
S^[ fh[i[dj fheXb[c

i3 9<4 >*{78E 9.2* 9-*7* <.11 |* 247* 5*451*
4;*7 WR >*{78 41~ .3 h43, k43, 9-{3 .3 {3>
49-*7 {,* ,74:5P b> TRTSN 9-* 1{7,*89 {,*
,74:5 <.11 |* 9-48* 4;*7 XRP Ls** t{|1*8 TOU
5{,* SYMP t-* 57*8*39 949{1 +*79.1.9> 7{9* .3
h43, k43, .8 9-* 14<*89 .3 9-* <471~ {}}47~.3,
94 s7-.@ u=7-2 *89.2{9*8P t-*8* +{}98 {7*
;*7> <477>.3, {3~ 841:9.438 -{;* 94 |* 84:,-9P
d>3{2.} }.9.*8N 8:}- {8 b*./.3,N s-{3,-{.N

n*< y470 {3~ l43~43N {997{}9 >4:3,
2.,7{398 |> 4++*7.3, 455479:3.9.*8 |*99*7
9-{3 9-48* {9 -42*P t-*.7 545:1{9.43 ,74<9{3~ 5*7 }{5.9{ .3}42* ,74<9- L8** t{|1*8
VOW 5{,* SYM 7*+1*}9 9-.8N 8-4<.3, -4< }.9.*8
<-.}- {7* 7*1{9.;*1> 45*3 94 2.,7{398N
~7{<.3, 9{1*39 43 { 3{9.43{1 8}{1*N }{3
2{.39{.3 ~>3{2.82P
a19*73{9.;*8 {7* :3~*7 }148* 8}7:9.3> |>

541.}> 2{0*78N {}{~*2.}8 {3~ h43, k43,
89{0*-41~*78P e3}4:7{,.3, 5*451* 94 -{;*
247* }-.1~7*3 .8 43* <{> +47<{7~P a349-*7
.8 {~;4}{9*~ |> p74+*8847 h*1*3 s.: {3~
-*7 }411*{,:*8P t-*.7 574548{1 .8 94 .3}7*{8*
545:1{9.43 +14< {}7488 4:7 |47~*7P
PWij fWjj[hdi
i3 9-* 5{89 9-*7* <*7* 2{88.;* <{;*8 4+
.22.,7{9.43 +742 c-.3{ 94 h43, k43, <-.}-{;* 8-{5*~ 4:7 ~*24,7{5-.}8P g4;*732*39
8}-*2*8 34< *=.89 94 }439741 8:}- +14<P
r U_j^ W bem \[hj_b_jo hWj[
WdZ h[ijh_Yj[Z _cc_]hWj_ed3

Ied] Ked] _i dej edbo
W]_d]3 Xkj Wbie _ji jWb[dj
feeb _i Wj h_ia e\ X[Yec_d]
ijW]dWdj j^ki j^h[Wj[d_d]
\kjkh[ Yecf[j_j_l[d[ii555s
eh
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
m{3> 4+ 9-* 2*3 .3 9-* <{;* 4+ 2{3:{1

<470*78 <-4 }{2* -*7* {+9*7 9-* 8*}43~
<471~ <{7 <*39 |{}0 94 9-*.7 ;.11{,*8 94
2{77>P t-*3 .3 9-* 1{9* ZR8 {3~ [R8 9-*.7
<.;*8 {3~ }-.1~7*3 }{2* -*7* 94 /4.3 9-*2P
t-* +14< 4+ <470*78 -{8 814<*~ |*}{:8*
455479:3.9.*8 .3 h43, k43, -{;* ~*}7*{8*~P
t4 }{9*7 +47 .22.,7{9.43 {9 9-* 49-*7 *3~
4+ 9-* 84}.{1 897{9:2N 9-* q:{1.9> m.,7{39
a~2.88.43 s}-*2* <{8 .3974~:}*~ .3 TRRXP
i9 -{8 {3 {33:{1 6:49{ 4+ SNRRR {3~ 8**08
6KIKSHKX *}}0
9{1*39 +742 4;*78*{8 {3~ 9-* 2{.31{3~P

t-* 6:49{ -{8 3*;*7 |**3 +.11*~ {3~ 9-*
}7.9*7.{ <*7* 7*1{=*~ .3 TRRZP o9-*7
8}-*2*8 +47 343O14}{11> |473 89:~*398 97>
94 {997{}9 +7*8- ,7{~:{9*8 94 89{> 43 {3~
<470 -*7*P
d*85.9* 9-*8* {99*2598N h43, k43, .8 +{.1.3,
94 ~7{< {3~ 0**5 9{1*39*~ >4:9-P t-* 14<
+*79.1.9> 7{9* 2*{38 9-{9 9-* 82{11N 14}{11>
|473 5441 .8 89{,3{9.3,P a9 9-* 8{2* 9.2*N
*~:}{9.43 1*;*18 .3 h43, k43, -{;* 89{79*~
94 1{, 9-48* 4+ 2{/47N +{89O,74<.3, }.9.*8P
u31*88 9-*7* {7* }-{3,*8 .3 541.}>N |> TRUS
9-* |*89 *~:}{9*~ 5*451* <.11 {184 |* {243,
9-* 41~*89N {8 9-* +.,:7*8 .3 t{|1* S 43
5{,* SX {184 8-4 p74+*8847 h*1*3 s.: {3~ -*7
}411*{,:*8 *={2.3*8 -4< { }.7}:1{9.3,
545:1{9.43 +14< 9-74:,- 9-* }.9> }4:1~
2{.39{.3 .98 ~>3{2.82P t-*> *=5147* <{>8
.3 <-.}- 9-{9 +14< }4:1~ |* *3}4:7{,*~
{}7488 { 84+9 |47~*7 <.9- 49-*7 }4:397.*8
{8 <*11 {8 9-* 2{.31{3~P e3}4:7{,.3, 9-*
7*9:73 4+ 9-48* <-4 1*+9 .3 9-* [R8 +47
}4:397.*8 8:}- {8 c{3{~{ {3~ a:897{1.{ .8
{184 .25479{39P
t-*> 1440 {9 -4< 9-.8 <4:1~ 574;.~* {
}4389{39 .3O{3~O4:9 +14< 4+ >4:9-N 9{1*39N
89:~*398N 9-* 574+*88.43{11> 6:{1.+.*~ {3~
9-* *397*57*3*:7.{1 {8 <*11 {8 9-* 5->8.}{11>
89743, {3~ {|1*N .+ 1*88 <*11O*~:}{9*~P
m{3> .22.,7{398 +742 9-* 2{.31{3~ <4:1~

}42* +742 /4|8 {3~ -42*8 .3 :7|{3N
.3~:897.{1 {7*{8 4+ 9-* p*{71 r.;*7 d*19{P t-*
574548{1 .3;41;*8 8**.3, 9-*2 {8 { 54<*7+:1
{88*9 .389*{~ 4+ { 549*39.{1 |:7~*3P
r Ied] Ked]qi Y^_[\
h[iekhY[ ^Wi WbmWoi X[[d

_ji f[efb[555U[ d[[Z je
_dl[ij _d ^kcWd YWf_jWb _d
ehZ[h je Yh[Wj[ W
ademb[Z][4Zh_l[d [Yedeco
WdZ je ikijW_d \kjkh[
fheif[h_jo5s
t-.8 2*{38 2{=.2.8.3, 455479:3.9.*8 +47

2.,7{398 94 897{~~1* 9-* |47~*7 +47 8}-441N
;4}{9.43{1 97{.3.3,N {3~ }:19:7{1 *=548:7*
94 h43, k43,E8 <{> 4+ 1.+* {3~ .389.9:9.438P
t-.8 <4:1~ 89.2:1{9* }425*9.9.43 {9 9-* -.,*3~ +47 9{1*39 .3+14< 9-{9 }42*8 {3~ ,4*8N
<-.1* .3}7*{8.3, }.7}:1{9.43 4+ 3*<
.22.,7{398 {9 9-* 14<*7 *3~ 4+ 9-* 84}.{1
-.*7{7}->P t-*> 2.,-9 349 89{> 5*72{3*391>P
t-*> 2.,-9 1*{;* {3~ 9-*3 7*9:73P
h43, k43,*78 <*7* 43}* >4:3,N 97{38.*39
2.,7{398 1.0* 9-.8N {3~ }4:1~ |* 84 {,{.3P
K[o WYj_edi
t 7*O9:3* 84}.*9{1 -{7~<{7*PPP84 9-{9 ~.;*78.9> {3~ ;.9{1.9> {7* {88:7*~
t 2{.39{.3 .389.9:9.43{1 .39*,7.9>PPP8{+*,:{7~ 9-* .39*,7.9> 4+ 7:1*8N 541.}.*8 {3~ 57{}9.}*8 9-{9 ,.;* +1*=.|1* 548.9.43.3,PPP.9 }{3 9-7.;* 43
|*.3, 8.2:19{3*4:81> 5{79 4+ c-.3{ {3~ 9-* <471~
t }7*{9* { 85{}* 4+ +14<PPP3:79:7.3, 3*< .22.,7{398 +742 c-.3{ |*+47* 9-*> }42*PPP7*O9:3.3, 9-* 47.*39{9.438 4+ h43, k43,E8 14}{1 |473
84 9-{9 9-*> }{3 +14< <.9- 9-* +14<PPP*3}4:7{,.3, 4:7 >4:3, 94 5:78:* { 7.,474:8 2:19.O1.3,:{1 *~:}{9.43N 94 {557*}.{9* -.8947.}{1
~*59- {3~ |74{~ -:2{3.89 }43}*738
t }{59:7* 9-* 5:18{9.3, 7->9-28 4+ 97{38+472{9.438 .3 c-.3{ {3~ 9-* <471~ 94~{>N .9 2{> 9:73 57*8*39 }-{11*3,*8 .394 :357*}*~*39*~
455479:3.9.*8
}439.3:*~ 43 3*=9 5{,*PPP
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ei
:G LC@ =B@G?=
:G LC@ =B@G?=
u{6 8054~ |02 r0/} t0/}
: <@E=;G@CB >CE FGE:G=?@; DCA@;H
S^_i f_[Y[ ef[di W Z_iYkii_ed \ehkc \eh feb_Yo cWjj[hi YedY[hd_d] j^[
oekj^ e\ Ied] Ked]5 Jj \eYki[i ed j^[ meha e\ Phe\[iieh I[b[d R_k e\
j^[ E[fWhjc[dj e\ Bdj^hefebe]o Wj VWb[ Td_l[hi_jo5 Cehd _d Ied] Ked]
WdZ Z[[fbo Yecc_jj[Z je j^[ \kjkh[ m[bb4X[_d] e\ j^[ Y_jo0i _dij_jkj_edi
WdZ f[efb[3 i^[ [ijWXb_i^[Z j^[ Ied] Ked] Jdij_jkj[ \eh j^[ IkcWd_j_[i
WdZ ReY_Wb RY_[dY[i Wj j^[ Td_l[hi_jo e\ Ied] Ked]5 I[b[d R_k ^Wi
ijkZ_[Z êm j^[ Y_jo YWd X[ij X[ a[fj oekj^\kb WdZ l_XhWdj m^_b[ _ji
fefkbWj_ed W][i5 S^[ YedYbki_edi i^[ WdZ ^[h Ye4Wkjêhi h[WY^[Z
Wff[Wh[Z _d i[l[hWb fkXb_YWj_edi m^_Y^ Wh[ gkej[Z _d j^_i Whj_Yb[5
Phe\[iieh I[b[d G R_k
y{1* u3.;*78.9>
S^[ fh[i[dj fheXb[c

i3 9<4 >*{78E 9.2* 9-*7* <.11 |* 247* 5*451*
4;*7 WR >*{78 41~ .3 h43, k43, 9-{3 .3 {3>
49-*7 {,* ,74:5P b> TRTSN 9-* 1{7,*89 {,*
,74:5 <.11 |* 9-48* 4;*7 XRP Ls** t{|1*8 TOU
5{,* SYMP t-* 57*8*39 949{1 +*79.1.9> 7{9* .3
h43, k43, .8 9-* 14<*89 .3 9-* <471~ {}}47~.3,
94 s7-.@ u=7-2 *89.2{9*8P t-*8* +{}98 {7*
;*7> <477>.3, {3~ 841:9.438 -{;* 94 |* 84:,-9P
d>3{2.} }.9.*8N 8:}- {8 b*./.3,N s-{3,-{.N

n*< y470 {3~ l43~43N {997{}9 >4:3,
2.,7{398 |> 4++*7.3, 455479:3.9.*8 |*99*7
9-{3 9-48* {9 -42*P t-*.7 545:1{9.43 ,74<9{3~ 5*7 }{5.9{ .3}42* ,74<9- L8** t{|1*8
VOW 5{,* SYM 7*+1*}9 9-.8N 8-4<.3, -4< }.9.*8
<-.}- {7* 7*1{9.;*1> 45*3 94 2.,7{398N
~7{<.3, 9{1*39 43 { 3{9.43{1 8}{1*N }{3
2{.39{.3 ~>3{2.82P
a19*73{9.;*8 {7* :3~*7 }148* 8}7:9.3> |>

541.}> 2{0*78N {}{~*2.}8 {3~ h43, k43,
89{0*-41~*78P e3}4:7{,.3, 5*451* 94 -{;*
247* }-.1~7*3 .8 43* <{> +47<{7~P a349-*7
.8 {~;4}{9*~ |> p74+*8847 h*1*3 s.: {3~
-*7 }411*{,:*8P t-*.7 574548{1 .8 94 .3}7*{8*
545:1{9.43 +14< {}7488 4:7 |47~*7P
PWij fWjj[hdi
i3 9-* 5{89 9-*7* <*7* 2{88.;* <{;*8 4+
.22.,7{9.43 +742 c-.3{ 94 h43, k43, <-.}-{;* 8-{5*~ 4:7 ~*24,7{5-.}8P g4;*732*39
8}-*2*8 34< *=.89 94 }439741 8:}- +14<P
r U_j^ W bem \[hj_b_jo hWj[
WdZ h[ijh_Yj[Z _cc_]hWj_ed3

Ied] Ked] _i dej edbo
W]_d]3 Xkj Wbie _ji jWb[dj
feeb _i Wj h_ia e\ X[Yec_d]
ijW]dWdj j^ki j^h[Wj[d_d]
\kjkh[ Yecf[j_j_l[d[ii555s
eh
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
m{3> 4+ 9-* 2*3 .3 9-* <{;* 4+ 2{3:{1

<470*78 <-4 }{2* -*7* {+9*7 9-* 8*}43~
<471~ <{7 <*39 |{}0 94 9-*.7 ;.11{,*8 94
2{77>P t-*3 .3 9-* 1{9* ZR8 {3~ [R8 9-*.7
<.;*8 {3~ }-.1~7*3 }{2* -*7* 94 /4.3 9-*2P
t-* +14< 4+ <470*78 -{8 814<*~ |*}{:8*
455479:3.9.*8 .3 h43, k43, -{;* ~*}7*{8*~P
t4 }{9*7 +47 .22.,7{9.43 {9 9-* 49-*7 *3~
4+ 9-* 84}.{1 897{9:2N 9-* q:{1.9> m.,7{39
a~2.88.43 s}-*2* <{8 .3974~:}*~ .3 TRRXP
i9 -{8 {3 {33:{1 6:49{ 4+ SNRRR {3~ 8**08
6KIKSHKX *}}0
9{1*39 +742 4;*78*{8 {3~ 9-* 2{.31{3~P

t-* 6:49{ -{8 3*;*7 |**3 +.11*~ {3~ 9-*
}7.9*7.{ <*7* 7*1{=*~ .3 TRRZP o9-*7
8}-*2*8 +47 343O14}{11> |473 89:~*398 97>
94 {997{}9 +7*8- ,7{~:{9*8 94 89{> 43 {3~
<470 -*7*P
d*85.9* 9-*8* {99*2598N h43, k43, .8 +{.1.3,
94 ~7{< {3~ 0**5 9{1*39*~ >4:9-P t-* 14<
+*79.1.9> 7{9* 2*{38 9-{9 9-* 82{11N 14}{11>
|473 5441 .8 89{,3{9.3,P a9 9-* 8{2* 9.2*N
*~:}{9.43 1*;*18 .3 h43, k43, -{;* 89{79*~
94 1{, 9-48* 4+ 2{/47N +{89O,74<.3, }.9.*8P
u31*88 9-*7* {7* }-{3,*8 .3 541.}>N |> TRUS
9-* |*89 *~:}{9*~ 5*451* <.11 {184 |* {243,
9-* 41~*89N {8 9-* +.,:7*8 .3 t{|1* S 43
5{,* SX {184 8-4 p74+*8847 h*1*3 s.: {3~ -*7
}411*{,:*8 *={2.3*8 -4< { }.7}:1{9.3,
545:1{9.43 +14< 9-74:,- 9-* }.9> }4:1~
2{.39{.3 .98 ~>3{2.82P t-*> *=5147* <{>8
.3 <-.}- 9-{9 +14< }4:1~ |* *3}4:7{,*~
{}7488 { 84+9 |47~*7 <.9- 49-*7 }4:397.*8
{8 <*11 {8 9-* 2{.31{3~P e3}4:7{,.3, 9-*
7*9:73 4+ 9-48* <-4 1*+9 .3 9-* [R8 +47
}4:397.*8 8:}- {8 c{3{~{ {3~ a:897{1.{ .8
{184 .25479{39P
t-*> 1440 {9 -4< 9-.8 <4:1~ 574;.~* {
}4389{39 .3O{3~O4:9 +14< 4+ >4:9-N 9{1*39N
89:~*398N 9-* 574+*88.43{11> 6:{1.+.*~ {3~
9-* *397*57*3*:7.{1 {8 <*11 {8 9-* 5->8.}{11>
89743, {3~ {|1*N .+ 1*88 <*11O*~:}{9*~P
m{3> .22.,7{398 +742 9-* 2{.31{3~ <4:1~

}42* +742 /4|8 {3~ -42*8 .3 :7|{3N
.3~:897.{1 {7*{8 4+ 9-* p*{71 r.;*7 d*19{P t-*
574548{1 .3;41;*8 8**.3, 9-*2 {8 { 54<*7+:1
{88*9 .389*{~ 4+ { 549*39.{1 |:7~*3P
r Ied] Ked]qi Y^_[\
h[iekhY[ ^Wi WbmWoi X[[d

_ji f[efb[555U[ d[[Z je
_dl[ij _d ^kcWd YWf_jWb _d
ehZ[h je Yh[Wj[ W
ademb[Z][4Zh_l[d [Yedeco
WdZ je ikijW_d \kjkh[
fheif[h_jo5s
t-.8 2*{38 2{=.2.8.3, 455479:3.9.*8 +47

2.,7{398 94 897{~~1* 9-* |47~*7 +47 8}-441N
;4}{9.43{1 97{.3.3,N {3~ }:19:7{1 *=548:7*
94 h43, k43,E8 <{> 4+ 1.+* {3~ .389.9:9.438P
t-.8 <4:1~ 89.2:1{9* }425*9.9.43 {9 9-* -.,*3~ +47 9{1*39 .3+14< 9-{9 }42*8 {3~ ,4*8N
<-.1* .3}7*{8.3, }.7}:1{9.43 4+ 3*<
.22.,7{398 {9 9-* 14<*7 *3~ 4+ 9-* 84}.{1
-.*7{7}->P t-*> 2.,-9 349 89{> 5*72{3*391>P
t-*> 2.,-9 1*{;* {3~ 9-*3 7*9:73P
h43, k43,*78 <*7* 43}* >4:3,N 97{38.*39
2.,7{398 1.0* 9-.8N {3~ }4:1~ |* 84 {,{.3P
K[o WYj_edi
t 7*O9:3* 84}.*9{1 -{7~<{7*PPP84 9-{9 ~.;*78.9> {3~ ;.9{1.9> {7* {88:7*~
t 2{.39{.3 .389.9:9.43{1 .39*,7.9>PPP8{+*,:{7~ 9-* .39*,7.9> 4+ 7:1*8N 541.}.*8 {3~ 57{}9.}*8 9-{9 ,.;* +1*=.|1* 548.9.43.3,PPP.9 }{3 9-7.;* 43
|*.3, 8.2:19{3*4:81> 5{79 4+ c-.3{ {3~ 9-* <471~
t }7*{9* { 85{}* 4+ +14<PPP3:79:7.3, 3*< .22.,7{398 +742 c-.3{ |*+47* 9-*> }42*PPP7*O9:3.3, 9-* 47.*39{9.438 4+ h43, k43,E8 14}{1 |473
84 9-{9 9-*> }{3 +14< <.9- 9-* +14<PPP*3}4:7{,.3, 4:7 >4:3, 94 5:78:* { 7.,474:8 2:19.O1.3,:{1 *~:}{9.43N 94 {557*}.{9* -.8947.}{1
~*59- {3~ |74{~ -:2{3.89 }43}*738
t }{59:7* 9-* 5:18{9.3, 7->9-28 4+ 97{38+472{9.438 .3 c-.3{ {3~ 9-* <471~ 94~{>N .9 2{> 9:73 57*8*39 }-{11*3,*8 .394 :357*}*~*39*~
455479:3.9.*8
}439.3:*~ 43 3*=9 5{,*PPP
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ei
:G LC@ =B@G?=
:G LC@ =B@G?=
DedYbki_ed
a 24;.3, }:77*39 .8 <-{9 -{8 0*59 h43, k43, >4:9-+:1 {3~ +:11 4+ 1.+* .3 9-* 5{89P i9 -{8
{1<{>8 |**3 { -{;*3N { 54.39 4+ {77.;{1 {3~ ~*5{79:7*P t-.8 545:1{9.43 +14< 43}* 4}}:77*~
3{9:7{11> <.9- h43, k43,E8 -.39*71{3~N { -.39*71{3~ +742 <-.}- h43, k43, -{8 |*}42*
431> 5{791> ~*9{}-*~P n4< 9-* }-{11*3,* .8 94 ,.;* |{}0 94 h43, k43, -.39*71{3~
{~;{39{,*8 94 *3/4> 1.0* 49-*7 ;.|7{39 }.9.*8 8:}- {8 n*< y470N l43~43N s-{3,-{.
{3~ b*./.3, <-.1* :5-41~.3, 9-* .39*,7.9> 4+ .98 :3.6:* .389.9:9.438 {3~ *38:7.3, +{.7
{3~ 97{385{7*39 455479:3.9.*8 +47 {11P
SWXb[ 9 p45:1{9.43 5>7{2.~\ h43, k43,E8 {,* 574+.1* .3 S[XS

] \ ZW
}~+*
t-* ;.*<8 .3 9-.8 {79.}1* 7*57*8*39 { 89.2:1{9.3, 89{79.3, 54.39 {|4:9 9-* }4251*= 2*{38 |> <-.}- h43, k43,E8 545:1{9.43 2.,-9 |*
0*59 ;{7.*~ {3~ >4:9-+:1 <-.1* 2{.39{.3.3, .389.9:9.43{1 897*3,9- {3~ .39*,7.9>P c422*398N +**~|{}0 {3~ {19*73{9.;* ;.*<8 {7* .3;.9*~P
a +:11 {}}4:39 4+ 9-* 548.9.43 {~;4}{9*~ -*7* {3~ {11 9-* 5{88{,*8 6:49*~ }{3 |* +4:3~ .3\
s.:N h*1*3N w43,N r.}-{7~ J f{:7*N d{;.~P LTRRWMP y.<1274270 r870 t870B; 1=6*7 :.;8=:,.; *7- ,869.<2<2>.7.;;i l 9:.b9852,A ;<=-Aj
27<.:26 :.98:<c h43, k43,\ h43, k43, i389.9:9* +47 9-* h:2{3.9.*8 {3~ s4}.{1 s}.*3}*8P
Sme d[m fkXb_YWj_edi ed j^[ iWc[ ikX`[Yj
s.:N h*1*3 fP J k:N a,3*8 sP Le~8MP LTRRZMP r870 t870 68+25.i u*4270 * 058+*5 989=5*<287c h43, k43,\ h43, k43, u3.;*78.9> p7*88P
m}f.++*79N c{741{ J t{3,N j{2*8 Le~8MP LTRRZMP r870 t870 87 <1. 68>.c w{8-.3,943 dc\ csic p7*88P
SWXb[ 8 p74/*}9*~ 5*7}*39{,* 4+ ~*,7** -41~*78 4:9 4+ 949{1 545:1{9.43 S[[XOTRUS
TRSX
TRTS
TRUS
S[[X
TRRS
TRRX
TRSS
TRSX
TRTS
TRTX
TRUS
TQRRN
TRRS
S[[X
SQWRN
SQRRN
RQWRN
ej
SWPS[
TRPTV
TWPT[
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
URPUV
UWPU[
VRPVV
6KIKSHKX *}}0
VWPV[
YW P Y[
YR P YV
YR P YV
XW P X[
XW P X[
XR P XV
XR P XV
WW P W[
WW P W[
WR P WV
WR P WV
VW P V[
VW P V[
VR P VV
VR P VV
UW P U[
UW P U[
UR P UV
UR P UV
TW P T[
TW P T[
TR P TV
TR P TV
SW P S[
SW P S[
SR P SV
SR P SV
WP[
WP[
VN
TN
RPV
TN
VN
XN
ZN
SWXb[ ; p45:1{9.43 ,74<9- S[[YOTRRY\ W }.9.*8 {3~ U }4:397.*8

D_jo6Yekdjho
977>
1_d c_bb_edi2
SUTSPT[
SXPUU
SZPWZ
XP[X
/ Y^Wd][
c-.3{
b*./.3,
s-{3,-{.
h43, k43, sar
8@@>
1_d c_bb_edi2
STUXPTX
STPVR
SVPWY
XPWT
u3.9*~ k.3,~42
l43~43
WZPUS
YPRT
XRP[Z
YPWX
;5=/
>5=/
TYTP[S
YPUV
URTPTR
ZPTZ
875>/
895>/
u3.9*~ s9{9*8
n*< y470 c.9>
VN
UN
SN
SN
TN
UN
VN
SWXb[ < p*7 }{5.9{ .3}42* ,74<9- S[[YOTRRY\ U }.9.*8 {3~ U }4:397.*8
hsoxlk gxixlw
=5@/
:85>/
9>5</
=5?/
TN
WRQTN
hsoxlk eosmktr
XRQWN
ctsm etsm g^f
YRQVN
gnismnio
SW[QRN
_loposm
TUWQWN
`nosi
RQRN
SZZQXN
WRQRN
SRRQRN
SWRQRN
TRRQRN
TWRQRN
TRTX
TRRX
RQRRN
XN
|*,~+*
ZR P ZV
YW P Y[
RekhY[i
s7-.@ u=7-2i m8=7<:A m869*:2;87 {8<*5 p.:<252<A y*<.c r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P.3~*=2:3~.P}42Q,Q7P{85=_}^-0J;ÛS
r870 t870c LTRRYMP r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ <<*{7|440P,4;P-0QTRRYQ*3Q.3~*=P-921
s0*1~43N r43 Le~PMP LS[[VMP y.5=,<*7< .@25.;P h43, k43,\ h43, k43, u3.;*78.9> p7*88P
UQRRN
TRSS
] \ ZW
}~+*
RPV
ZN
TQWRN
|*,~+*
ZR P ZV
c-{3,.3, .22.,7{9.43 541.}> <4:1~ |* }43974;*78.{1 {3~ .9 }{3349 |* ~43* .3 .841{9.43P

s*7;.}*8 8:}- {8 -4:8.3,N 2*~.}{1 }{7*N *~:}{9.43 {3~ 84}.{1 <*1+{7* {184 -{;* 94 |*
9{0*3 .394 }438.~*7{9.43P a349-*7 84}.{1 574|1*2 .8 }4:39*7.3, 57*/:~.}* {,{.389 .22.,7{398P
p:|1.} ~.8}:88.43 {3~ ~*|{9* 4+ {11 9-* .88:*8 .3;41;*~ .8 3**~*~P
SWXb[ : p45:1{9.43 5>7{2.~\ p74/*}9*~ 545:1{9.43 |> {,* ,74:5 .3 TRUS
WRPWV
WWPW[
XRPXV
XWPX[
YRPYV
YWO ^ml
SWXb[ RekhY[i
t{|1* S y.<1274270 r870 t870B; 1=6*7 :.;8=:,.; *7- ,869.<2<2>.7.;;c L8** 5{,* SXM
t{|1* T
x89=5*<287 +A l0. q:8=9 *7- z.@P c*38:8 {3~ s9{9.89.}8 d*5{792*39N hksargP r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742
-995\QQ<<<P}*389{9~P,4;P-0Q8-4<9{|1**=}*1TP/85_9{|1*id^RRTJ}-{78*9id^S
t{|1* U
x:83.,<.- u2-bA.*: x89=5*<287 +A l0. q:8=9 *7- z.@ /8: eddhbedfgP c*38:8 {3~ s9{9.89.}8 d*5{792*39N hksarg C r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7
STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P}*389{9~P,4;P-0Q+7**~4<314{~P/85_+.1*^89{9z9{|1*Q545:1{9.43QdWUTRSZTbxxxxxxxxbP=18
t{|1* V
v=6.:8=; ;8=:,.;i p1*{8* }439{}9 9-* *~.947 +47 ~*9{.18P
t{|1* W
s4:7}*8\ i39*73{9.43{1 m43*9{7> f:3~P LTRRZMP w471~ e}4342.} o:91440 d{9{|{8*P r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 SUN TRRZN +742
-995\QQ<<<P.2+P47,Q*=9*73{1Q5:|8Q+9Q<*4QTRRZQRTQ<*4~{9{Q.3~*=P{85=
n{9.43{1 b:7*{: 4+ s9{9.89.}8 4+ c-.3{P r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 SUN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P89{98P,4;P}3Q9/8/Q3~8/Q
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ek
:G LC@ =B@G?=
:G LC@ =B@G?=
DedYbki_ed
a 24;.3, }:77*39 .8 <-{9 -{8 0*59 h43, k43, >4:9-+:1 {3~ +:11 4+ 1.+* .3 9-* 5{89P i9 -{8
{1<{>8 |**3 { -{;*3N { 54.39 4+ {77.;{1 {3~ ~*5{79:7*P t-.8 545:1{9.43 +14< 43}* 4}}:77*~
3{9:7{11> <.9- h43, k43,E8 -.39*71{3~N { -.39*71{3~ +742 <-.}- h43, k43, -{8 |*}42*
431> 5{791> ~*9{}-*~P n4< 9-* }-{11*3,* .8 94 ,.;* |{}0 94 h43, k43, -.39*71{3~
{~;{39{,*8 94 *3/4> 1.0* 49-*7 ;.|7{39 }.9.*8 8:}- {8 n*< y470N l43~43N s-{3,-{.
{3~ b*./.3, <-.1* :5-41~.3, 9-* .39*,7.9> 4+ .98 :3.6:* .389.9:9.438 {3~ *38:7.3, +{.7
{3~ 97{385{7*39 455479:3.9.*8 +47 {11P
SWXb[ 9 p45:1{9.43 5>7{2.~\ h43, k43,E8 {,* 574+.1* .3 S[XS

] \ ZW
}~+*
t-* ;.*<8 .3 9-.8 {79.}1* 7*57*8*39 { 89.2:1{9.3, 89{79.3, 54.39 {|4:9 9-* }4251*= 2*{38 |> <-.}- h43, k43,E8 545:1{9.43 2.,-9 |*
0*59 ;{7.*~ {3~ >4:9-+:1 <-.1* 2{.39{.3.3, .389.9:9.43{1 897*3,9- {3~ .39*,7.9>P c422*398N +**~|{}0 {3~ {19*73{9.;* ;.*<8 {7* .3;.9*~P
a +:11 {}}4:39 4+ 9-* 548.9.43 {~;4}{9*~ -*7* {3~ {11 9-* 5{88{,*8 6:49*~ }{3 |* +4:3~ .3\
s.:N h*1*3N w43,N r.}-{7~ J f{:7*N d{;.~P LTRRWMP y.<1274270 r870 t870B; 1=6*7 :.;8=:,.; *7- ,869.<2<2>.7.;;i l 9:.b9852,A ;<=-Aj
27<.:26 :.98:<c h43, k43,\ h43, k43, i389.9:9* +47 9-* h:2{3.9.*8 {3~ s4}.{1 s}.*3}*8P
Sme d[m fkXb_YWj_edi ed j^[ iWc[ ikX`[Yj
s.:N h*1*3 fP J k:N a,3*8 sP Le~8MP LTRRZMP r870 t870 68+25.i u*4270 * 058+*5 989=5*<287c h43, k43,\ h43, k43, u3.;*78.9> p7*88P
m}f.++*79N c{741{ J t{3,N j{2*8 Le~8MP LTRRZMP r870 t870 87 <1. 68>.c w{8-.3,943 dc\ csic p7*88P
SWXb[ 8 p74/*}9*~ 5*7}*39{,* 4+ ~*,7** -41~*78 4:9 4+ 949{1 545:1{9.43 S[[XOTRUS
TRSX
TRTS
TRUS
S[[X
TRRS
TRRX
TRSS
TRSX
TRTS
TRTX
TRUS
TQRRN
TRRS
S[[X
SQWRN
SQRRN
RQWRN
ej
SWPS[
TRPTV
TWPT[
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
URPUV
UWPU[
VRPVV
6KIKSHKX *}}0
VWPV[
YW P Y[
YR P YV
YR P YV
XW P X[
XW P X[
XR P XV
XR P XV
WW P W[
WW P W[
WR P WV
WR P WV
VW P V[
VW P V[
VR P VV
VR P VV
UW P U[
UW P U[
UR P UV
UR P UV
TW P T[
TW P T[
TR P TV
TR P TV
SW P S[
SW P S[
SR P SV
SR P SV
WP[
WP[
VN
TN
RPV
TN
VN
XN
ZN
SWXb[ ; p45:1{9.43 ,74<9- S[[YOTRRY\ W }.9.*8 {3~ U }4:397.*8

D_jo6Yekdjho
977>
1_d c_bb_edi2
SUTSPT[
SXPUU
SZPWZ
XP[X
/ Y^Wd][
c-.3{
b*./.3,
s-{3,-{.
h43, k43, sar
8@@>
1_d c_bb_edi2
STUXPTX
STPVR
SVPWY
XPWT
u3.9*~ k.3,~42
l43~43
WZPUS
YPRT
XRP[Z
YPWX
;5=/
>5=/
TYTP[S
YPUV
URTPTR
ZPTZ
875>/
895>/
u3.9*~ s9{9*8
n*< y470 c.9>
VN
UN
SN
SN
TN
UN
VN
SWXb[ < p*7 }{5.9{ .3}42* ,74<9- S[[YOTRRY\ U }.9.*8 {3~ U }4:397.*8
hsoxlk gxixlw
=5@/
:85>/
9>5</
=5?/
TN
WRQTN
hsoxlk eosmktr
XRQWN
ctsm etsm g^f
YRQVN
gnismnio
SW[QRN
_loposm
TUWQWN
`nosi
RQRN
SZZQXN
WRQRN
SRRQRN
SWRQRN
TRRQRN
TWRQRN
TRTX
TRRX
RQRRN
XN
|*,~+*
ZR P ZV
YW P Y[
RekhY[i
s7-.@ u=7-2i m8=7<:A m869*:2;87 {8<*5 p.:<252<A y*<.c r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P.3~*=2:3~.P}42Q,Q7P{85=_}^-0J;ÛS
r870 t870c LTRRYMP r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ <<*{7|440P,4;P-0QTRRYQ*3Q.3~*=P-921
s0*1~43N r43 Le~PMP LS[[VMP y.5=,<*7< .@25.;P h43, k43,\ h43, k43, u3.;*78.9> p7*88P
UQRRN
TRSS
] \ ZW
}~+*
RPV
ZN
TQWRN
|*,~+*
ZR P ZV
c-{3,.3, .22.,7{9.43 541.}> <4:1~ |* }43974;*78.{1 {3~ .9 }{3349 |* ~43* .3 .841{9.43P

s*7;.}*8 8:}- {8 -4:8.3,N 2*~.}{1 }{7*N *~:}{9.43 {3~ 84}.{1 <*1+{7* {184 -{;* 94 |*
9{0*3 .394 }438.~*7{9.43P a349-*7 84}.{1 574|1*2 .8 }4:39*7.3, 57*/:~.}* {,{.389 .22.,7{398P
p:|1.} ~.8}:88.43 {3~ ~*|{9* 4+ {11 9-* .88:*8 .3;41;*~ .8 3**~*~P
SWXb[ : p45:1{9.43 5>7{2.~\ p74/*}9*~ 545:1{9.43 |> {,* ,74:5 .3 TRUS
WRPWV
WWPW[
XRPXV
XWPX[
YRPYV
YWO ^ml
SWXb[ RekhY[i
t{|1* S y.<1274270 r870 t870B; 1=6*7 :.;8=:,.; *7- ,869.<2<2>.7.;;c L8** 5{,* SXM
t{|1* T
x89=5*<287 +A l0. q:8=9 *7- z.@P c*38:8 {3~ s9{9.89.}8 d*5{792*39N hksargP r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 STN TRRZN +742
-995\QQ<<<P}*389{9~P,4;P-0Q8-4<9{|1**=}*1TP/85_9{|1*id^RRTJ}-{78*9id^S
t{|1* U
x:83.,<.- u2-bA.*: x89=5*<287 +A l0. q:8=9 *7- z.@ /8: eddhbedfgP c*38:8 {3~ s9{9.89.}8 d*5{792*39N hksarg C r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7
STN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P}*389{9~P,4;P-0Q+7**~4<314{~P/85_+.1*^89{9z9{|1*Q545:1{9.43QdWUTRSZTbxxxxxxxxbP=18
t{|1* V
v=6.:8=; ;8=:,.;i p1*{8* }439{}9 9-* *~.947 +47 ~*9{.18P
t{|1* W
s4:7}*8\ i39*73{9.43{1 m43*9{7> f:3~P LTRRZMP w471~ e}4342.} o:91440 d{9{|{8*P r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 SUN TRRZN +742
-995\QQ<<<P.2+P47,Q*=9*73{1Q5:|8Q+9Q<*4QTRRZQRTQ<*4~{9{Q.3~*=P{85=
n{9.43{1 b:7*{: 4+ s9{9.89.}8 4+ c-.3{P r*97.*;*~ n4;*2|*7 SUN TRRZN +742 -995\QQ<<<P89{98P,4;P}3Q9/8/Q3~8/Q
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ek
8GL@JND@O
8GL@JND@O
q2x31*/} |5/zx.{/4x-3n
OZZOV[SMU PSVMVNO UOZZWVZ PWY ]W\VQ XOWXUO
LWij OYjeX[h3 _d j^[ mWa[ e\ j^[ \_dWdY_Wb Yh_i_i3 P[j[h Ued]3 jef IRCD XWda[h3 ]Wl[ lWbkWXb[
WZl_Y[ \eh oekd] f[efb[ mWdj_d] je b[Whd \hec j^[ i[gk[dY[ e\ [l[dji j^Wj Xhek]^j j^[ XWda_d]
mehbZ je j^[ Xh_da e\ c[bjZemd5
h.8 +.789 2*88{,* <{8 9-{9 9-*> 8-4:1~N F97>
94 :3~*789{3~ 9-* 7449 }{:8*8 4+ 9-*
574|1*28PG g7{85.3, 9-* 5{99*73 4+
~*;*1452*39 <-.}- :3~*71{> 9-* }7{8- {3~
.98 .251.}{9.438 .8 ;*7> .25479{39 +47 >4:9.3 h43, k43, 94 :3~*789{3~ 9-* +.3{3}.{1
}7.8.8 +742 {3 .39*73{9.43{1 5*785*}9.;*P
i9 .3;41;*8 1440.3, {9 9-* 8:|O57.2* 2479,{,*
}7.8.8 .3 9-* us <-.}- 1*~ 94 842* 4+ 9-*
|.,,*89 |{308 .3 9-* <471~ |*.3,
3{9.43{1.8*~P c148:7*8 4+ 2{/47 .3;*892*39
|{308 +4114<*~ 1*{~.3, 94 9-* l*-2{3
b749-*78 2.3.|43~ ~*|{}1* .3 h43, k43,P
a557*}.{9.3, 9-* .251.}{9.438 4+ 9-.8 14}{1
}7.8.8N {3~ -4< ,4;*732*39 {3~ |{308 .3
9-* }.9> -{3~1* 9-* +{114:9N
8-4:1~ |* 5{79 4+ 9-*
*~:}{9.43{1 574}*88P
p:99.3, 9-.8 .394 { |74{~*7 }439*=9N p*9*7

w43,E8 8*}43~ 5.*}* 4+ {~;.}* .8 9-{9 >4:98-4:1~ 1*{73 9-* +:3~{2*39{18 {3~ ~>3{2.}8
4+ 9-* ,14|{1 *}4342>P
r Sho je kdZ[hijWdZ j^[ heej

YWki[i e\ j^[ fheXb[ci555
b[Whd j^[ \kdZWc[djWbi WdZ
ZodWc_Yi e\ j^[ ]beXWb
[Yedeco5s
l*{73.3, 9-* +:3~{2*39{18 4+ -4< ,14|{1

*}4342> <4708 }{3 {184 -*15 >4:9- {88*88
.3;*892*39 {3~ +.3{3}.{1 7.808P p*451* 4+ {11
{,*8 {7* :3~*789{3~{|1> 7.80 {;*78* {9
P[j[h Ued]
hsbc e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947 +47
h43, k43, J c-.3{
57*8*39 {3~ >4:3, 5*451* *85*}.{11> 3**~

94 :3~*789{3~ -4< 94 {88*88 9-*.7 4<3
.3;*892*39 7.808 {3~ 455479:3.9.*8 <-*3
9-*> 9-.30 {|4:9 9-* +:9:7*P b> 7*,:1{71>
7*{~.3, 7*5:9{|1* .39*73{9.43{1 +.3{3}.{1
3*<85{5*78 {3~ <{9}-.3, |74{~}{898 43
.39*73{9.43{1 +.3{3}.{1 tv }-{33*18N .9 .8 349
~.++.}:19 94 ~*;*145 { F+**1G 4+ 9-* ,14|{1
*}4342> {3~ .~*39.+> 9-* 97*3~8P
w-*3 .9 }42*8 94 9:73.3, 54.398 .3 9-*.7 4<3
1.;*8N 1440.3, +47 /4| 455479:3.9.*8 {3~
~*}.~.3, 43 }{7**78 }:77*391>N p*9*7 w43,E8
{~;.}* <{8 94 89{> 43 .3 *~:}{9.43 .+ .9 .8
{++47~{|1*P e6:.55.3, 43*8*1+ <.9- 9-* 7.,-9
80.11 8*9 +47 9-* 2{70*951{}* .8 }7:}.{1P a3~
+47 9-48* <-4 <{39 94 |7{3}- 4:9 .394
*397*57*3*:78-.5N 9-* 2*88{,* .8 94 |* ;*7>
}{7*+:1N ~4 51*39> 4+ 7*8*{7}- {3~ 51{33.3,
|*+47* 2{0.3, {3> ~*}.8.438P
u3~*789{3~.3, ,4;*732*39 541.}.*8 .3 9-{9

*3;.7432*39 .8 {184 ;.9{1 +47 89{79O:5
|:8.3*88*8P c-.3{E8 7*,:1{9.438 {7* }4389{391>
}-{3,.3,N }7*{9.3, 3*< 455479:3.9.*8 {3~
3*< 7*897.}9.438P i9 5{>8 94 |* ;*7> {<{7* 4+
9-*8* }-{3,*8P t4 >4:3, *397*57*3*:78 <-4
{7* <477.*~ {|4:9 9-*.7 3*< 89{79O:5
|:8.3*88*8 +{.1.3,N m7 w43, 8{>8\
a8 <*11 {8 |*3*+.99.3, +742 9-.8 7*8.1.*3}*N

h43, k43, >4:9- }{3 {184 }{5.9{1.8* 43
9-*.7 548.9.43 |> 8**.3, }1*{71> 9-* 741* 9-*.7
}.9> -{8 {8 { 2{/47 ,14|{1 +.3{3}.{1 }*397*P
h*15.3, 9-*2 94 1*{73 {|4:9 9-.8 .8 ;*7>
.25479{39 .+ 9-*> {7* 94 :3~*789{3~ <-{9 .8
,4.3, 43 {74:3~ 9-*2N *85*}.{11> h43,
k43,E8 7*1{9.438-.5 <.9- 2{.31{3~ c-.3{P
r U^Wj m[ d[[Z je Ze je
Fi3 ,*3*7{1N 4:7 8}-4418 ~4 349 7*{11> 5:89-* 89:~*398 94 :3~*789{3~ {3>9-.3,
.39*73{9.43{1NG 8{.~ m7 w43,N |:9 -* {184
574;.~*~ 9-* 841:9.43N 8:,,*89.3, 9-{9 247*
}1:|8 {3~ {884}.{9.438 }4:1~ |* +472*~ {9
8}-4418 {3~ :3.;*78.9.*8 +47 ,74:5
~.8}:88.43N {3~ 9-{9 }422:3.9> 1*{~*78
}4:1~ |* .3;.9*~ 94 8-{7* 9-*.7 <.8~42 {3~
*=5*7.*3}* <.9- 8:}- ,74:58P
ijWo W^[WZ _i je cWa[ ikh[

ekh ijkZ[dji Wh[
_dj[hdWj_edWbbo Zh_l[d5s
a8 -* -{8 {~;.8*~ ,74:58 4+ 89:~*398 .3

9-* 5{89N .3;*89.3, 94 ,{.3 247* .39*73{9.43{1
034<1*~,* .8 }7.9.}{1 +47 4:7 >4:9- 94~{> 94
|* 8:}}*88+:1 .3 { ,14|{1.8*~ *}4342>P
r J\ oek \Wbb Zemd3 fbWd3
b[Whd \hec oekh c_ijWa[i3

Ze iec[ ceh[ h[i[WhY^
WdZ ][j h_]^j XWYa kf WdZ
ijWhj el[h5 Ied] Ked] _i W
l[ho h[i_b_[dj [Yedeco5
Ied] Ked] m_bb XekdY[
XWYa5s
r Leea Wj m^Wj _i ^Wff[d_d]
m^[h[ oek mWdj je Ze

Xki_d[ii3 beea Wj j^[ beYWb
[dl_hedc[dj5s
p*9*7 w43, .8 g74:5 g*3*7{1 m{3{,*7 {3~ e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947 4+ hsbc +47 h43, k43, {3~ c-.3{P ~8=<1 r870 t870 .39*7;.*<*~ -.2 9-* <**0 {+9*7 9-* o}94|*7 TRRZ 894}0 2{70*9 }7{8-P
el
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
em
8GL@JND@O
8GL@JND@O
q2x31*/} |5/zx.{/4x-3n
OZZOV[SMU PSVMVNO UOZZWVZ PWY ]W\VQ XOWXUO
LWij OYjeX[h3 _d j^[ mWa[ e\ j^[ \_dWdY_Wb Yh_i_i3 P[j[h Ued]3 jef IRCD XWda[h3 ]Wl[ lWbkWXb[
WZl_Y[ \eh oekd] f[efb[ mWdj_d] je b[Whd \hec j^[ i[gk[dY[ e\ [l[dji j^Wj Xhek]^j j^[ XWda_d]
mehbZ je j^[ Xh_da e\ c[bjZemd5
h.8 +.789 2*88{,* <{8 9-{9 9-*> 8-4:1~N F97>
94 :3~*789{3~ 9-* 7449 }{:8*8 4+ 9-*
574|1*28PG g7{85.3, 9-* 5{99*73 4+
~*;*1452*39 <-.}- :3~*71{> 9-* }7{8- {3~
.98 .251.}{9.438 .8 ;*7> .25479{39 +47 >4:9.3 h43, k43, 94 :3~*789{3~ 9-* +.3{3}.{1
}7.8.8 +742 {3 .39*73{9.43{1 5*785*}9.;*P
i9 .3;41;*8 1440.3, {9 9-* 8:|O57.2* 2479,{,*
}7.8.8 .3 9-* us <-.}- 1*~ 94 842* 4+ 9-*
|.,,*89 |{308 .3 9-* <471~ |*.3,
3{9.43{1.8*~P c148:7*8 4+ 2{/47 .3;*892*39
|{308 +4114<*~ 1*{~.3, 94 9-* l*-2{3
b749-*78 2.3.|43~ ~*|{}1* .3 h43, k43,P
a557*}.{9.3, 9-* .251.}{9.438 4+ 9-.8 14}{1
}7.8.8N {3~ -4< ,4;*732*39 {3~ |{308 .3
9-* }.9> -{3~1* 9-* +{114:9N
8-4:1~ |* 5{79 4+ 9-*
*~:}{9.43{1 574}*88P
p:99.3, 9-.8 .394 { |74{~*7 }439*=9N p*9*7

w43,E8 8*}43~ 5.*}* 4+ {~;.}* .8 9-{9 >4:98-4:1~ 1*{73 9-* +:3~{2*39{18 {3~ ~>3{2.}8
4+ 9-* ,14|{1 *}4342>P
r Sho je kdZ[hijWdZ j^[ heej

YWki[i e\ j^[ fheXb[ci555
b[Whd j^[ \kdZWc[djWbi WdZ
ZodWc_Yi e\ j^[ ]beXWb
[Yedeco5s
l*{73.3, 9-* +:3~{2*39{18 4+ -4< ,14|{1

*}4342> <4708 }{3 {184 -*15 >4:9- {88*88
.3;*892*39 {3~ +.3{3}.{1 7.808P p*451* 4+ {11
{,*8 {7* :3~*789{3~{|1> 7.80 {;*78* {9
P[j[h Ued]
hsbc e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947 +47
h43, k43, J c-.3{
57*8*39 {3~ >4:3, 5*451* *85*}.{11> 3**~

94 :3~*789{3~ -4< 94 {88*88 9-*.7 4<3
.3;*892*39 7.808 {3~ 455479:3.9.*8 <-*3
9-*> 9-.30 {|4:9 9-* +:9:7*P b> 7*,:1{71>
7*{~.3, 7*5:9{|1* .39*73{9.43{1 +.3{3}.{1
3*<85{5*78 {3~ <{9}-.3, |74{~}{898 43
.39*73{9.43{1 +.3{3}.{1 tv }-{33*18N .9 .8 349
~.++.}:19 94 ~*;*145 { F+**1G 4+ 9-* ,14|{1
*}4342> {3~ .~*39.+> 9-* 97*3~8P
w-*3 .9 }42*8 94 9:73.3, 54.398 .3 9-*.7 4<3
1.;*8N 1440.3, +47 /4| 455479:3.9.*8 {3~
~*}.~.3, 43 }{7**78 }:77*391>N p*9*7 w43,E8
{~;.}* <{8 94 89{> 43 .3 *~:}{9.43 .+ .9 .8
{++47~{|1*P e6:.55.3, 43*8*1+ <.9- 9-* 7.,-9
80.11 8*9 +47 9-* 2{70*951{}* .8 }7:}.{1P a3~
+47 9-48* <-4 <{39 94 |7{3}- 4:9 .394
*397*57*3*:78-.5N 9-* 2*88{,* .8 94 |* ;*7>
}{7*+:1N ~4 51*39> 4+ 7*8*{7}- {3~ 51{33.3,
|*+47* 2{0.3, {3> ~*}.8.438P
u3~*789{3~.3, ,4;*732*39 541.}.*8 .3 9-{9

*3;.7432*39 .8 {184 ;.9{1 +47 89{79O:5
|:8.3*88*8P c-.3{E8 7*,:1{9.438 {7* }4389{391>
}-{3,.3,N }7*{9.3, 3*< 455479:3.9.*8 {3~
3*< 7*897.}9.438P i9 5{>8 94 |* ;*7> {<{7* 4+
9-*8* }-{3,*8P t4 >4:3, *397*57*3*:78 <-4
{7* <477.*~ {|4:9 9-*.7 3*< 89{79O:5
|:8.3*88*8 +{.1.3,N m7 w43, 8{>8\
a8 <*11 {8 |*3*+.99.3, +742 9-.8 7*8.1.*3}*N

h43, k43, >4:9- }{3 {184 }{5.9{1.8* 43
9-*.7 548.9.43 |> 8**.3, }1*{71> 9-* 741* 9-*.7
}.9> -{8 {8 { 2{/47 ,14|{1 +.3{3}.{1 }*397*P
h*15.3, 9-*2 94 1*{73 {|4:9 9-.8 .8 ;*7>
.25479{39 .+ 9-*> {7* 94 :3~*789{3~ <-{9 .8
,4.3, 43 {74:3~ 9-*2N *85*}.{11> h43,
k43,E8 7*1{9.438-.5 <.9- 2{.31{3~ c-.3{P
r U^Wj m[ d[[Z je Ze je
Fi3 ,*3*7{1N 4:7 8}-4418 ~4 349 7*{11> 5:89-* 89:~*398 94 :3~*789{3~ {3>9-.3,
.39*73{9.43{1NG 8{.~ m7 w43,N |:9 -* {184
574;.~*~ 9-* 841:9.43N 8:,,*89.3, 9-{9 247*
}1:|8 {3~ {884}.{9.438 }4:1~ |* +472*~ {9
8}-4418 {3~ :3.;*78.9.*8 +47 ,74:5
~.8}:88.43N {3~ 9-{9 }422:3.9> 1*{~*78
}4:1~ |* .3;.9*~ 94 8-{7* 9-*.7 <.8~42 {3~
*=5*7.*3}* <.9- 8:}- ,74:58P
ijWo W^[WZ _i je cWa[ ikh[

ekh ijkZ[dji Wh[
_dj[hdWj_edWbbo Zh_l[d5s
a8 -* -{8 {~;.8*~ ,74:58 4+ 89:~*398 .3

9-* 5{89N .3;*89.3, 94 ,{.3 247* .39*73{9.43{1
034<1*~,* .8 }7.9.}{1 +47 4:7 >4:9- 94~{> 94
|* 8:}}*88+:1 .3 { ,14|{1.8*~ *}4342>P
r J\ oek \Wbb Zemd3 fbWd3
b[Whd \hec oekh c_ijWa[i3

Ze iec[ ceh[ h[i[WhY^
WdZ ][j h_]^j XWYa kf WdZ
ijWhj el[h5 Ied] Ked] _i W
l[ho h[i_b_[dj [Yedeco5
Ied] Ked] m_bb XekdY[
XWYa5s
r Leea Wj m^Wj _i ^Wff[d_d]
m^[h[ oek mWdj je Ze

Xki_d[ii3 beea Wj j^[ beYWb
[dl_hedc[dj5s
p*9*7 w43, .8 g74:5 g*3*7{1 m{3{,*7 {3~ e=*}:9.;* d.7*}947 4+ hsbc +47 h43, k43, {3~ c-.3{P ~8=<1 r870 t870 .39*7;.*<*~ -.2 9-* <**0 {+9*7 9-* o}94|*7 TRRZ 894}0 2{70*9 }7{8-P
el
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
em
<HMLC =L OHJE
<HMLC =L OHJE
Rj[f^[d WdZ SêcWi Wh[ Xej^ fhe\[ii_edWbi _d j^[_h [Whbo

i[hl_Y[i m^_b[ j^[ ej^[h ^Wi X[[d [Whd_d] W l[ho ]eeZ iWbWho
\eh Rj[f^[d je cWa[ W cWèh YWh[[h Y^Wd][ m^[h[Wi SêcWi
meha_d] b_\[ YWd Xh_d] h[mWhZi j^Wj ekjm[_]^ \_dWdY_Wb _dY[dj_l[i
Ied] Ked] oekj^ jeZWo5
w~x4 /{74 x|4{2 yx/,*/}o

UVO>*{7O41~ s9*5-*3 <470*~ {8 {3 .3;*892*39 |{30*7 +47 l*-2{3 b749-*78N 9-*3 ubs
{3~ rbs 9.11 a:,:89 TRRZP h* {}}:7{9*1> 57*~.}9*~ 9-* +.3{3}.{1 }7.8.8 9-*3 2{~* { 1*{5
4+ +{.9- |*,.33.3, { 3*< }-{11*3,.3, }{7**7N 43* -* }{3 |*1.*;* .3P
s9*5-*3 -{8 3*;*7 |**3 949{11> 57*~.}9{|1*P
h* 8<.9}-*~ +742 8}.*3}*8 94 {798 {+9*7
hkceeN {3~ -.8 *=}*11*39 7*8:198 2*{39 -*
}4:1~ ,4 43 94 ~4 *}4342.}8 {9 c-.}{,4
9-*3 8<.9}- {,{.3N 94 {3 ma .3 i39*73{9.43{1
s9:~.*8 {9 y{1*N <.9- {3 *}1*}9.} 2.= 4+
1.9*7{9:7*N 84}.414,>N 541.9.}8N *}4342.}8
{3~ {39-745414,>P
F i9 <{8 *=}.9.3,N .9 ,{;* 2* *=548:7*P i
{~;.8* *;*7> >4:3, 5*7843 349 94 }-448*
;4}{9.43{1 }4:78*8P i+ 243*> .8 { 574|1*2N
<470 ;*7> -{7~ {8 {3 :3~*7,7{~ 9-*3 ,4 +47
{ p-d 574,7{22*P a11 9-* 945 89:~*398 {9
b*./.3, u 89:~> +47 +7** .3 9-* us 43
8}-41{78-.58N *{73 54}0*9 243*> {8 9:9478
{3~ 1*{;* {+9*7 9-*.7 2{89*78 .+ { ,44~ /4|
}42*8 :5PG
t-{9K8 <-{9 -{55*3*~P a /4| {9 l*-2{3
b749-*78 .3 n*< y470 {3~ 9-*3 l43~43P
h* +4:3~ 9-* .397.}{}.*8 4+ }7*~.9 ~*7.;{9.;*8N
9-48* }4251*=N 5{}0{,*~ {3~ 81.}*~
.3;*892*398 9-{9 -{;* |**3 9-* ~4<3+{11 4+
894}0 2{70*98N .77*8.89.|1*P
F i 7*{1.8*~ 9-{9 *;*7>|4~> ~4*8 |*89 {9
842*9-.3, 9-*> {7* .39*7*89*~ .3PG
h43, k43, 894}0 2{70*9 97{~.3, +1447 .3 {}9.43P p-494 }4:79*8> 4+ h43, k43, e=}-{3,*8 {3~ c1*{7.3, l.2.9*~
fd
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
F m> |{30.3, }{7**7 <{8 +{8}.3{9.3, |:9 .9

{184 45*3*~ { <.3~4< 9-{9 -*158 2*
:3~*789{3~ 5*451*PG
h{~ -* |**3 9-.30.3, {|4:9 { }{7**7 }-{3,*
+47 143,_
F t-*7* {7* 84 2{3> {~;*39:7*8 .3 1.+*P i
<{39*~ 842*9-.3, 3*<N .3 84}.{1 541.}>N 9-*
}-:7}- 47 /4:73{1.82P f47 2* .9K8 { 3{9:7{1N
14,.}{1 9.2* 94 }-{3,*N 349 /:89 |*}{:8* 4+
9-* +.3{3}.{1 }7.8.8PG
h*E8 { ,44~ ,:.~* +47 {3>43* <.9- 6:{128
{|4:9 9{0.3, { ~*}.8.;*N .3~*5*3~*39 89*5P
h.8 9.2.3, +47 1*{;.3, .3;*892*39 |{30.3,
<{8 .22{}:1{9*P b:9 -* -{8 {1<{>8 034<3
-4< 94 2{0* 9-* 2489 4+ -.8 455479:3.9.*8N
89{> +1*=.|1* {3~ }-{3,* 7{5.~1> <.9- 4:7
}4251*= <471~P
n4< -*E8 { 2*3947 +47 89:~*398 {3~ { <7.9*7
43 *}4342.}8P i9E8 { -:,* }-{3,* +742
.3;*892*398 {3~ {349-*7 }-{11*3,* +47
s9*5-*3P h.8 {~;.}*_
F c-448* <-{9 >4: {7* ,44~ {9 <-*3 >4:
{7* >4:3,N ,*9 *=548:7*N 9-*3 +4114< <-{9
>4: {7* 2489 .39*7*89*~ .3PPP.9 <.11 {1<{>8
,.;* >4: }425*9.9.;* {~;{39{,*PG
j^_hj_[i5 Od[ WYY[fji ceZ[ij fWo \eh ^_i meha _d j^[ Z_iY_fb_d[Z
\eh ckY^ e\ ^_i meha_d] b_\[ _d \_dWdY[5 S^[ j_c[ ^Wi Yec[
h[cW_di Z[Z_YWj[Z je ^_i meha5 Cej^ ^Wl[ h[Wb_i[Z j^Wj
eh _dj[bb[YjkWb ij_ckbki5 Cej^ cWa[ ]eeZ heb[ ceZ[bi \eh
f.}9.9.4:8 3{2*8 -{;* |**3 :8*~ .3 9-.8 8947>
p +0y |02 -*|{

w-{9 2{708 4:9 t-42{8 .8 349 { 57.;.1*,*~ :5|7.3,.3, 47 +1>.3, }414:78P h* -{~ ,44~
{}{~*2.} 7*8:198 {3~ <*39 94 { 14}{1 :3.;*78.9>P a ~*8.7* 94 -*15 49-*78 3{774<*~ ~4<3
-.8 }{7**7 459.438 94 {3 {~2.7{|1* }-4.}* ~*2{3~.3, ~*~.}{9.43 {3~ 897*3,9-P
t-42{8 9-4:,-9 +.789 {|4:9 2*~.}.3* |:9
}425*9.9.43 <{8 944 89.++ 84 -* 1440*~ {9
9-* f.7* s*7;.}*8P e;*3 9-*7*N 9-4:8{3~8 4+
{551.}{398 }425*9* *{}- >*{7 +47 { }4:51*
4+ -:3~7*~ ;{}{3}.*8P b:9 -* 03*< 9-{9 .+
-* 8:}}**~*~N -* <4:1~ -{;* 9-* }-{3}*
94 8{;* 1.;*8P
F f.7*2*3 {1<{>8 897:}0 2* {8 89743, {3~
|7{;*P t-*> {7* +.9N -*{19-> {3~ 7*{~> +47
{3>9-.3,P i {~2.7*~ 9-*2 84 2:}- {3~
<{39*~ 94 |* 1.0* 9-{9 2>8*1+PG
b:9 9-* 57485*}9 8}{7*~ -.2P n49 |*}{:8*
.9 2*{39 7.80.3, -.8 4<3 1.+*P b:9 |*}{:8*
-* 03*< -4< -{7~ -* <4:1~ -{;* 94 97{.3P
h* <4:1~ 3**~ 2*39{1 {3~ 5->8.}{1 ~.8}.51.3*
94 7*{}- -.8 ,4{1P
F t**3{,*78 {7* <*{0O<.11*~ {3~ *{8.1>
.3+1:*3}*~P t-*> 2.,-9 1440 }43+.~*39 |:9
9-*> {7* 9*77.|1> .38*}:7*P n43* 4+ 2> +7.*3~8
47 7*1{9.;*8 9{10*~ {|4:9 /4.3.3, 9-*
~.8}.51.3*~ 8*7;.}*8 {3~ i 03*< 9-{9 f.7*
s*7;.}*8 t7{.3.3, s}-441 <4:1~ |* 94:,-PG
i9 <{8 { 7*{1 }-{11*3,* +47 t-42{8 |:9 -*

89{>*~ 9-* }4:78*P s4}.*9> ~*5*3~8 43
>4:3, 5*451* 1.0* -.2P t-*> 9{0* 43 { -:,*
7*85438.|.1.9> *{71> .3 1.+* <.9-4:9 *=5*}9.3,
,7*{9 243*9{7> 7*<{7~8P
F s42* 5*451* |14}0 +.7* *=.98N ~745 }.,{7*99*
*3~8 {3~ 1*{;* +.7* ~4478 45*3P t-*> 9{0*
7.808 <.9- 49-*7 5*451*8E 1.;*8P a8 { +.7*2{3
i 034< 9-{9 <* {11 |*{7 9-* 7*85438.|.1.9> 4+
1440.3, 4:9 +47 49-*78N 349 5:99.3, 9-*2 {9
7.80PG
i3 9-* 1{89 ~*}{~* 3.3* +.7*O+.,-9*78 -{;* ~.*~
.3 9-* }4:78* 4+ 9-*.7 ~:9.*8P o+ {11 9-*
574+*88.438 94 }-448* 9-.8 2:89 |* 43* 4+
9-* -{7~*89P w-{9 ~4*8 t-42{8 ,*9 4:9 4+
.9_ a 8*38* 4+ 5:7548*P a 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9>
{3~ |*143,.3, 94 9-* }47* 4+ 4:7 }422:3.9>P
a3~ -* -{8 { ;4}{9.43 +47 1.+*N 842*9-.3,
2{3> 5*451* *3;> {3~ 842*9-.3, 9-{9 2{0*8
-.2 { 741* 24~*1 +47 {11P
F n.3* >*{78 4+ }425:1847> *~:}{9.43 <*7*
1.0* { 6:.}0 ;.8.9 94 { +47*.,3 }4:397>P t-*>
<*7*3E9 *34:,- 94 8:89{.3 2* +47 1.+*P n4<N
i 3*;*7 <{39 94 }-{3,* 2> /4|P i /:89 <{39
94 ~4 .9 |*99*7PG
f.7* s*7;.}*8 .3 {}9.43 {9 m4~*1 h4:8.3, e89{9*
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fe
<HMLC =L OHJE
<HMLC =L OHJE
Rj[f^[d WdZ SêcWi Wh[ Xej^ fhe\[ii_edWbi _d j^[_h [Whbo

i[hl_Y[i m^_b[ j^[ ej^[h ^Wi X[[d [Whd_d] W l[ho ]eeZ iWbWho
\eh Rj[f^[d je cWa[ W cWèh YWh[[h Y^Wd][ m^[h[Wi SêcWi
meha_d] b_\[ YWd Xh_d] h[mWhZi j^Wj ekjm[_]^ \_dWdY_Wb _dY[dj_l[i
Ied] Ked] oekj^ jeZWo5
w~x4 /{74 x|4{2 yx/,*/}o

UVO>*{7O41~ s9*5-*3 <470*~ {8 {3 .3;*892*39 |{30*7 +47 l*-2{3 b749-*78N 9-*3 ubs
{3~ rbs 9.11 a:,:89 TRRZP h* {}}:7{9*1> 57*~.}9*~ 9-* +.3{3}.{1 }7.8.8 9-*3 2{~* { 1*{5
4+ +{.9- |*,.33.3, { 3*< }-{11*3,.3, }{7**7N 43* -* }{3 |*1.*;* .3P
s9*5-*3 -{8 3*;*7 |**3 949{11> 57*~.}9{|1*P
h* 8<.9}-*~ +742 8}.*3}*8 94 {798 {+9*7
hkceeN {3~ -.8 *=}*11*39 7*8:198 2*{39 -*
}4:1~ ,4 43 94 ~4 *}4342.}8 {9 c-.}{,4
9-*3 8<.9}- {,{.3N 94 {3 ma .3 i39*73{9.43{1
s9:~.*8 {9 y{1*N <.9- {3 *}1*}9.} 2.= 4+
1.9*7{9:7*N 84}.414,>N 541.9.}8N *}4342.}8
{3~ {39-745414,>P
F i9 <{8 *=}.9.3,N .9 ,{;* 2* *=548:7*P i
{~;.8* *;*7> >4:3, 5*7843 349 94 }-448*
;4}{9.43{1 }4:78*8P i+ 243*> .8 { 574|1*2N
<470 ;*7> -{7~ {8 {3 :3~*7,7{~ 9-*3 ,4 +47
{ p-d 574,7{22*P a11 9-* 945 89:~*398 {9
b*./.3, u 89:~> +47 +7** .3 9-* us 43
8}-41{78-.58N *{73 54}0*9 243*> {8 9:9478
{3~ 1*{;* {+9*7 9-*.7 2{89*78 .+ { ,44~ /4|
}42*8 :5PG
t-{9K8 <-{9 -{55*3*~P a /4| {9 l*-2{3
b749-*78 .3 n*< y470 {3~ 9-*3 l43~43P
h* +4:3~ 9-* .397.}{}.*8 4+ }7*~.9 ~*7.;{9.;*8N
9-48* }4251*=N 5{}0{,*~ {3~ 81.}*~
.3;*892*398 9-{9 -{;* |**3 9-* ~4<3+{11 4+
894}0 2{70*98N .77*8.89.|1*P
F i 7*{1.8*~ 9-{9 *;*7>|4~> ~4*8 |*89 {9
842*9-.3, 9-*> {7* .39*7*89*~ .3PG
h43, k43, 894}0 2{70*9 97{~.3, +1447 .3 {}9.43P p-494 }4:79*8> 4+ h43, k43, e=}-{3,*8 {3~ c1*{7.3, l.2.9*~
fd
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
F m> |{30.3, }{7**7 <{8 +{8}.3{9.3, |:9 .9

{184 45*3*~ { <.3~4< 9-{9 -*158 2*
:3~*789{3~ 5*451*PG
h{~ -* |**3 9-.30.3, {|4:9 { }{7**7 }-{3,*
+47 143,_
F t-*7* {7* 84 2{3> {~;*39:7*8 .3 1.+*P i
<{39*~ 842*9-.3, 3*<N .3 84}.{1 541.}>N 9-*
}-:7}- 47 /4:73{1.82P f47 2* .9K8 { 3{9:7{1N
14,.}{1 9.2* 94 }-{3,*N 349 /:89 |*}{:8* 4+
9-* +.3{3}.{1 }7.8.8PG
h*E8 { ,44~ ,:.~* +47 {3>43* <.9- 6:{128
{|4:9 9{0.3, { ~*}.8.;*N .3~*5*3~*39 89*5P
h.8 9.2.3, +47 1*{;.3, .3;*892*39 |{30.3,
<{8 .22{}:1{9*P b:9 -* -{8 {1<{>8 034<3
-4< 94 2{0* 9-* 2489 4+ -.8 455479:3.9.*8N
89{> +1*=.|1* {3~ }-{3,* 7{5.~1> <.9- 4:7
}4251*= <471~P
n4< -*E8 { 2*3947 +47 89:~*398 {3~ { <7.9*7
43 *}4342.}8P i9E8 { -:,* }-{3,* +742
.3;*892*398 {3~ {349-*7 }-{11*3,* +47
s9*5-*3P h.8 {~;.}*_
F c-448* <-{9 >4: {7* ,44~ {9 <-*3 >4:
{7* >4:3,N ,*9 *=548:7*N 9-*3 +4114< <-{9
>4: {7* 2489 .39*7*89*~ .3PPP.9 <.11 {1<{>8
,.;* >4: }425*9.9.;* {~;{39{,*PG
j^_hj_[i5 Od[ WYY[fji ceZ[ij fWo \eh ^_i meha _d j^[ Z_iY_fb_d[Z
\eh ckY^ e\ ^_i meha_d] b_\[ _d \_dWdY[5 S^[ j_c[ ^Wi Yec[
h[cW_di Z[Z_YWj[Z je ^_i meha5 Cej^ ^Wl[ h[Wb_i[Z j^Wj
eh _dj[bb[YjkWb ij_ckbki5 Cej^ cWa[ ]eeZ heb[ ceZ[bi \eh
f.}9.9.4:8 3{2*8 -{;* |**3 :8*~ .3 9-.8 8947>
p +0y |02 -*|{

w-{9 2{708 4:9 t-42{8 .8 349 { 57.;.1*,*~ :5|7.3,.3, 47 +1>.3, }414:78P h* -{~ ,44~
{}{~*2.} 7*8:198 {3~ <*39 94 { 14}{1 :3.;*78.9>P a ~*8.7* 94 -*15 49-*78 3{774<*~ ~4<3
-.8 }{7**7 459.438 94 {3 {~2.7{|1* }-4.}* ~*2{3~.3, ~*~.}{9.43 {3~ 897*3,9-P
t-42{8 9-4:,-9 +.789 {|4:9 2*~.}.3* |:9
}425*9.9.43 <{8 944 89.++ 84 -* 1440*~ {9
9-* f.7* s*7;.}*8P e;*3 9-*7*N 9-4:8{3~8 4+
{551.}{398 }425*9* *{}- >*{7 +47 { }4:51*
4+ -:3~7*~ ;{}{3}.*8P b:9 -* 03*< 9-{9 .+
-* 8:}}**~*~N -* <4:1~ -{;* 9-* }-{3}*
94 8{;* 1.;*8P
F f.7*2*3 {1<{>8 897:}0 2* {8 89743, {3~
|7{;*P t-*> {7* +.9N -*{19-> {3~ 7*{~> +47
{3>9-.3,P i {~2.7*~ 9-*2 84 2:}- {3~
<{39*~ 94 |* 1.0* 9-{9 2>8*1+PG
b:9 9-* 57485*}9 8}{7*~ -.2P n49 |*}{:8*
.9 2*{39 7.80.3, -.8 4<3 1.+*P b:9 |*}{:8*
-* 03*< -4< -{7~ -* <4:1~ -{;* 94 97{.3P
h* <4:1~ 3**~ 2*39{1 {3~ 5->8.}{1 ~.8}.51.3*
94 7*{}- -.8 ,4{1P
F t**3{,*78 {7* <*{0O<.11*~ {3~ *{8.1>
.3+1:*3}*~P t-*> 2.,-9 1440 }43+.~*39 |:9
9-*> {7* 9*77.|1> .38*}:7*P n43* 4+ 2> +7.*3~8
47 7*1{9.;*8 9{10*~ {|4:9 /4.3.3, 9-*
~.8}.51.3*~ 8*7;.}*8 {3~ i 03*< 9-{9 f.7*
s*7;.}*8 t7{.3.3, s}-441 <4:1~ |* 94:,-PG
i9 <{8 { 7*{1 }-{11*3,* +47 t-42{8 |:9 -*

89{>*~ 9-* }4:78*P s4}.*9> ~*5*3~8 43
>4:3, 5*451* 1.0* -.2P t-*> 9{0* 43 { -:,*
7*85438.|.1.9> *{71> .3 1.+* <.9-4:9 *=5*}9.3,
,7*{9 243*9{7> 7*<{7~8P
F s42* 5*451* |14}0 +.7* *=.98N ~745 }.,{7*99*
*3~8 {3~ 1*{;* +.7* ~4478 45*3P t-*> 9{0*
7.808 <.9- 49-*7 5*451*8E 1.;*8P a8 { +.7*2{3
i 034< 9-{9 <* {11 |*{7 9-* 7*85438.|.1.9> 4+
1440.3, 4:9 +47 49-*78N 349 5:99.3, 9-*2 {9
7.80PG
i3 9-* 1{89 ~*}{~* 3.3* +.7*O+.,-9*78 -{;* ~.*~
.3 9-* }4:78* 4+ 9-*.7 ~:9.*8P o+ {11 9-*
574+*88.438 94 }-448* 9-.8 2:89 |* 43* 4+
9-* -{7~*89P w-{9 ~4*8 t-42{8 ,*9 4:9 4+
.9_ a 8*38* 4+ 5:7548*P a 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9>
{3~ |*143,.3, 94 9-* }47* 4+ 4:7 }422:3.9>P
a3~ -* -{8 { ;4}{9.43 +47 1.+*N 842*9-.3,
2{3> 5*451* *3;> {3~ 842*9-.3, 9-{9 2{0*8
-.2 { 741* 24~*1 +47 {11P
F n.3* >*{78 4+ }425:1847> *~:}{9.43 <*7*
1.0* { 6:.}0 ;.8.9 94 { +47*.,3 }4:397>P t-*>
<*7*3E9 *34:,- 94 8:89{.3 2* +47 1.+*P n4<N
i 3*;*7 <{39 94 }-{3,* 2> /4|P i /:89 <{39
94 ~4 .9 |*99*7PG
f.7* s*7;.}*8 .3 {}9.43 {9 m4~*1 h4:8.3, e89{9*
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fe
8GKIDJ@?
8GKIDJ@?
s/4{2/x4*0/xvx2x-8.1*x/3
SV KWVQ LWVQ
S^[ j^h[[ oekd][ij h_Z[hi Wj Ied] Ked]qi PWhWbocf_Y HWc[i m[h[ P[d] Vkb_Wd3 99 1HkWd]pêk23
Q[X[YYW IWhj3 99 1P[ddioblWd_W3 TRB23 WdZ MWha Gh[dp[b3 8@ 1Ph[jeh_W3 Rekj^ B\h_YW25 S^[o
^Wl[ l[ho Z_\\[h[dj fôi_YWb fheXb[ci Xkj j^[o Wbb i^Wh[ [njhWehZ_dWho ]h_j WdZ Z[j[hc_dWj_ed5
S^[o ^Wl[ W jhkbo WZc_hWXb[3 fei_j_l[ Wjj_jkZ[ j^Wj YWd _dif_h[ f[efb[ e\ Wbb W][i WdZ
XWYa]hekdZi5
f47 2489 >4:3, 5*451*N 9-* 47~.3{7> -:7~1*8 4+ 8}-441 {3~ }411*,*N 9-* 8*9|{}08 {3~ ~.8{554.392*398 4+ ,74<.3, :5 {3~ 9-* }-{11*3,*8
4+ 9-* 2{70*951{}* {3~ <470+47}* }{3 842*9.2*8 |* 4;*7<-*12.3,P c425{7* 9-*2 94 ~.8{|1*~ 7.~*78N }-{11*3,*~ 8.251> |> ,*99.3,
:5 .3 9-* 2473.3,P t-*8* 5*451* ,7{| 9-*.7 }-{3}*8 |> 9-* 8}7:++ 4+ 9-* 3*}0N {8 9-*> ~4 9-*.7 |*14;*~ -478*8N +{}.3, 574|1*28 *;*7>
~{> 9-{9 <4:1~ 8**2 .38:724:39{|1* 94 {;*7{,* 2479{18P
t-*.7 ~.8{|.1.9.*8 2*{3 1*{73.3, 94 86:**?* *;*7> 4:3}* 4+ 897*3,9- {3~ |{1{3}* 9-*> 5488*88 .394 *{}- ~{>P s*9|{}08 {7* *=5*}9*~P
a8 { 7*8:19N 9-*.7 .33*7 3**~ +47 8*1+O7*1.{3}* .8 +{7 ,7*{9*7 9-{3 2489 5*451*K8P w.9- .9 ,74<8 { 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9>N 94 +{2.1>N
}422:3.9> {3~ }4:397>P
i <{39*~ 94 <.3 {3~ 9-.8 ,{;* 2* { <43~*7+:1 ,4{1 94 {.2 +47P y4:
3**~ { ,4{1P o3}* >4: -{;* 9-{9N >4: }{3 8:}}**~P
349-*7 *={251* .8 r*|*}}{ h{79P s-* <{8 |473 <.9- +{2.1.{1 85{89.} 5{7{51*,.{ <-.}- }{:8*8
574,7*88.;* 2:8}1* <{89.3, {3~ 1{}0 4+ }439741 +742 9-* <{.89 ~4<3P s-* 034<8 8-*E11 ,*9 <*{0*7
{8 8-* ,74<8 41~*7P s-* 8{>8 9-{9 <-{9 -*158 -*7 8:}}**~ .8 -*7 +{2.1>N -*7 -478* {3~ -*7 }4{}- |:9
.9E8 -*7 <.1154<*7 9-{9 2*{38 8-* }43}*397{9*8 43 +.3*O9:3.3, {3~ 2{=.2.8*8 -*7 7.~.3, 80.118P
Di 034< 9-{9 9-*7* .8 +{39{89.} 2*~.}{1 9*}-3414,> 4:9 9-*7* |:9 i 3*;*7 7*1> 43 .9P i389*{~ i {2 8:774:3~*~
|> 5*451* <-48* *39-:8.{82 .8 .3+*}9.4:8P i9 ,.;*8 2* -:,* 548.9.;* 7*.3+47}*2*39PE
r*|*}}{ h{79
l.+*E8 5{}0 4+ }{7~8 ~.~ 349 ,.;* 2* { ;*7> ,44~ ~*{1 |:9 i -{~ {3 {}* :5 2> 81**;*P
t{0* 1.+* ~{> |> ~{>P d43E9 <{89* 9.2* 9-.30.3, {|4:9 ~*+*{9P
{70 f7*3?*1N ~.{,348*~ <.9- }*7*|7{1 5{18> {9 9-* {,* 4+ 9<4N .8 {349-*7 ;*7> 5*451*O47.*39*~
5*7843N {19-4:,- -* 8{>8 9-* 2489 8.,3.+.}{39 242*39 4+ -.8 1.+* <{8 <-*3 -.8 249-*7 9440
-.2 -42* +742 9-* -485.9{1 {3~ 9-* +.789 9-.3, -* 8{< <{8 { -478*P
Dn4<N -478*8 {7* 2> 1*,8PE h* 8{>8 -* +*19 +{.39 ~:7.3, { }425*9.9.43 {9 s-{9.3 {3~ 89{79*~ 94 +{11 4++P
Db:9 9-* -478* 03*8 {3~ -*15*~ 2* 94 89{> 43P h478*8 :3~*789{3~ <-*3 >4:
{7* .3 3**~P t-*> {7* 2:}- 8.251*7 9-{3 5*451*IE
m{70 7*{~8 -478*8 9-74:,- 9-*.7 24;*2*398 |:9 -* 7*{~8 5*451* |> 9-* 1440 .3 9-*.7 *>*8N 8**.3,
8>25{9->N 7*/*}9.43 47 5*7-{58 +*{7 43 -.8 |*-{1+P t-.8 7*{}9.43 |7.3,8 4:9 -.8 .33*7 7*8.1.*3}* {3~ 2{0*8
-.2 <{39 94 8-4< <-{9 -*E8 }{5{|1* 4+P h* 8{.~ 4+ -.8 57*O}425*9.9.43 ~{>8P Di 85*39 >*{78 |*.3, 1*~
{74:3~ 9-* 7.3, |:9 <-{9 i 7*{11> <{39*~ <{8 94 }439741 { -478* 2>8*1+P t-{9E8 <-{9 ~74;* 2*PE
w-*3 i 2**9 5*451*N <-*3 i 8** 49-*7 5*451*E8 +{}*8N i 03425.}8P h* .8 { 541.4 ;.}9.2 {3~ -{~ 3*;*7
*;*3 8**3 { -478* :39.1 TRRXP u39.1 9<4 >*{78 {,4N 9-* 431> *=5*7.*3}* -* -{~ 4+ {3> 85479 <{8
<-**1}-{.7 |{80*9|{11P t-*3 {3 o1>25.} }4{}- 85499*~ -.2 {3~ -.8 +:9:7* |148842*~ 1.0* { +14<*7P
h* 74~* +47 {3 -4:7 { ~{>N 8.= ~{>8 { <**0 +47 9-* 1{89 9<4 >*{78 .3 47~*7 94 6:{1.+> {3~ 7*57*8*39
-.8 }4:397>P
{7{1>25.} {9-1*9*8 -{;* ~*8*7;*~1> <43 9-* {<*N {~2.7{9.43 {3~ 7*85*}9 4+ 9-* <471~P
t-*.7 +47<{7~ +4}:8 .8 ;*7> }1*{71> ~*+.3*~P i9 .8 TRSTN 9-* 3*=9 o1>25.}8P a 143, <{> 4++ +47
2{3> >4:3, 5*451*P f47 9-*2 .9E8 9-* 3*=9 2{/47 5:3}9:{9.43 54.39 .3 9-*.7 *39.7* |*.3,P
w.9- *34724:81> 548.9.;* {99.9:~*N <{72 82.1*8 {3~ 45*33*88N 97:89 .3 9-*28*1;*8 {3~ 8*38* 4+
7*85438.|.1.9> 94 49-*78N 9-*> 7*57*8*39 9-* 0.3~ 4+ {99.9:~* <-.}- }4:1~ 2{0* -*{19->N +.9 >4:3,89*78
8945 {9 349-.3,P t-*> <4:1~ 7*{1.?* 9-{9 9-*> {7* }{5{|1* 4+ 9-.3,8 9-*> -{;* 3*;*7 ~7*{2*~ 4+P
h43, k43, -{8 .98 4<3 p{7{1>25.} *6:*897.{3N n*1843 y.5P h* 8{.~N Di -{~ 94 4;*7}42* { 149 4+ :58
{3~ ~4<38 {8 i 57*5{7*~ +47 9-* }425*9.9.43P t-{9 897*3,9-*3*~ 2> }-{7{}9*7PE h.8 {5574{}- .8 9>5.}{1P
a8 9*{2 1*{~*7 m.}-{*1 l** 7*2*2|*7*~N 43* 4+ 9-*8* 7.~*78 941~ -.2 9-{9 D~.8{|.1.9> .8 349 .3{|.1.9>PE
t-.8 0.3~ 4+ {99.9:~* .8 }42243 94 9-*2 {11P
p*3, y:1.{3
m{70 f7*3?*1
h43, k43,E8 ~.8{|1*~ ,41~ 2*~{1.89 7:33*7N s4 w{O<{.N <{8 9-* }.9>E8 +1{,O|*{7*7 {9 9-* p{7{1>25.}8P t-* }.9> <43 SS
2*~{18 .3}1:~.3, W ,41~8 <.9- TS }425*9.9478 .3 Z 854798P
s4 w{O<{.
ff
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fg
8GKIDJ@?
8GKIDJ@?
s/4{2/x4*0/xvx2x-8.1*x/3
SV KWVQ LWVQ
S^[ j^h[[ oekd][ij h_Z[hi Wj Ied] Ked]qi PWhWbocf_Y HWc[i m[h[ P[d] Vkb_Wd3 99 1HkWd]pêk23
Q[X[YYW IWhj3 99 1P[ddioblWd_W3 TRB23 WdZ MWha Gh[dp[b3 8@ 1Ph[jeh_W3 Rekj^ B\h_YW25 S^[o
^Wl[ l[ho Z_\\[h[dj fôi_YWb fheXb[ci Xkj j^[o Wbb i^Wh[ [njhWehZ_dWho ]h_j WdZ Z[j[hc_dWj_ed5
S^[o ^Wl[ W jhkbo WZc_hWXb[3 fei_j_l[ Wjj_jkZ[ j^Wj YWd _dif_h[ f[efb[ e\ Wbb W][i WdZ
XWYa]hekdZi5
f47 2489 >4:3, 5*451*N 9-* 47~.3{7> -:7~1*8 4+ 8}-441 {3~ }411*,*N 9-* 8*9|{}08 {3~ ~.8{554.392*398 4+ ,74<.3, :5 {3~ 9-* }-{11*3,*8
4+ 9-* 2{70*951{}* {3~ <470+47}* }{3 842*9.2*8 |* 4;*7<-*12.3,P c425{7* 9-*2 94 ~.8{|1*~ 7.~*78N }-{11*3,*~ 8.251> |> ,*99.3,
:5 .3 9-* 2473.3,P t-*8* 5*451* ,7{| 9-*.7 }-{3}*8 |> 9-* 8}7:++ 4+ 9-* 3*}0N {8 9-*> ~4 9-*.7 |*14;*~ -478*8N +{}.3, 574|1*28 *;*7>
~{> 9-{9 <4:1~ 8**2 .38:724:39{|1* 94 {;*7{,* 2479{18P
t-*.7 ~.8{|.1.9.*8 2*{3 1*{73.3, 94 86:**?* *;*7> 4:3}* 4+ 897*3,9- {3~ |{1{3}* 9-*> 5488*88 .394 *{}- ~{>P s*9|{}08 {7* *=5*}9*~P
a8 { 7*8:19N 9-*.7 .33*7 3**~ +47 8*1+O7*1.{3}* .8 +{7 ,7*{9*7 9-{3 2489 5*451*K8P w.9- .9 ,74<8 { 8*38* 4+ 7*85438.|.1.9>N 94 +{2.1>N
}422:3.9> {3~ }4:397>P
i <{39*~ 94 <.3 {3~ 9-.8 ,{;* 2* { <43~*7+:1 ,4{1 94 {.2 +47P y4:
3**~ { ,4{1P o3}* >4: -{;* 9-{9N >4: }{3 8:}}**~P
349-*7 *={251* .8 r*|*}}{ h{79P s-* <{8 |473 <.9- +{2.1.{1 85{89.} 5{7{51*,.{ <-.}- }{:8*8
574,7*88.;* 2:8}1* <{89.3, {3~ 1{}0 4+ }439741 +742 9-* <{.89 ~4<3P s-* 034<8 8-*E11 ,*9 <*{0*7
{8 8-* ,74<8 41~*7P s-* 8{>8 9-{9 <-{9 -*158 -*7 8:}}**~ .8 -*7 +{2.1>N -*7 -478* {3~ -*7 }4{}- |:9
.9E8 -*7 <.1154<*7 9-{9 2*{38 8-* }43}*397{9*8 43 +.3*O9:3.3, {3~ 2{=.2.8*8 -*7 7.~.3, 80.118P
Di 034< 9-{9 9-*7* .8 +{39{89.} 2*~.}{1 9*}-3414,> 4:9 9-*7* |:9 i 3*;*7 7*1> 43 .9P i389*{~ i {2 8:774:3~*~
|> 5*451* <-48* *39-:8.{82 .8 .3+*}9.4:8P i9 ,.;*8 2* -:,* 548.9.;* 7*.3+47}*2*39PE
r*|*}}{ h{79
l.+*E8 5{}0 4+ }{7~8 ~.~ 349 ,.;* 2* { ;*7> ,44~ ~*{1 |:9 i -{~ {3 {}* :5 2> 81**;*P
t{0* 1.+* ~{> |> ~{>P d43E9 <{89* 9.2* 9-.30.3, {|4:9 ~*+*{9P
{70 f7*3?*1N ~.{,348*~ <.9- }*7*|7{1 5{18> {9 9-* {,* 4+ 9<4N .8 {349-*7 ;*7> 5*451*O47.*39*~
5*7843N {19-4:,- -* 8{>8 9-* 2489 8.,3.+.}{39 242*39 4+ -.8 1.+* <{8 <-*3 -.8 249-*7 9440
-.2 -42* +742 9-* -485.9{1 {3~ 9-* +.789 9-.3, -* 8{< <{8 { -478*P
Dn4<N -478*8 {7* 2> 1*,8PE h* 8{>8 -* +*19 +{.39 ~:7.3, { }425*9.9.43 {9 s-{9.3 {3~ 89{79*~ 94 +{11 4++P
Db:9 9-* -478* 03*8 {3~ -*15*~ 2* 94 89{> 43P h478*8 :3~*789{3~ <-*3 >4:
{7* .3 3**~P t-*> {7* 2:}- 8.251*7 9-{3 5*451*IE
m{70 7*{~8 -478*8 9-74:,- 9-*.7 24;*2*398 |:9 -* 7*{~8 5*451* |> 9-* 1440 .3 9-*.7 *>*8N 8**.3,
8>25{9->N 7*/*}9.43 47 5*7-{58 +*{7 43 -.8 |*-{1+P t-.8 7*{}9.43 |7.3,8 4:9 -.8 .33*7 7*8.1.*3}* {3~ 2{0*8
-.2 <{39 94 8-4< <-{9 -*E8 }{5{|1* 4+P h* 8{.~ 4+ -.8 57*O}425*9.9.43 ~{>8P Di 85*39 >*{78 |*.3, 1*~
{74:3~ 9-* 7.3, |:9 <-{9 i 7*{11> <{39*~ <{8 94 }439741 { -478* 2>8*1+P t-{9E8 <-{9 ~74;* 2*PE
w-*3 i 2**9 5*451*N <-*3 i 8** 49-*7 5*451*E8 +{}*8N i 03425.}8P h* .8 { 541.4 ;.}9.2 {3~ -{~ 3*;*7
*;*3 8**3 { -478* :39.1 TRRXP u39.1 9<4 >*{78 {,4N 9-* 431> *=5*7.*3}* -* -{~ 4+ {3> 85479 <{8
<-**1}-{.7 |{80*9|{11P t-*3 {3 o1>25.} }4{}- 85499*~ -.2 {3~ -.8 +:9:7* |148842*~ 1.0* { +14<*7P
h* 74~* +47 {3 -4:7 { ~{>N 8.= ~{>8 { <**0 +47 9-* 1{89 9<4 >*{78 .3 47~*7 94 6:{1.+> {3~ 7*57*8*39
-.8 }4:397>P
{7{1>25.} {9-1*9*8 -{;* ~*8*7;*~1> <43 9-* {<*N {~2.7{9.43 {3~ 7*85*}9 4+ 9-* <471~P
t-*.7 +47<{7~ +4}:8 .8 ;*7> }1*{71> ~*+.3*~P i9 .8 TRSTN 9-* 3*=9 o1>25.}8P a 143, <{> 4++ +47
2{3> >4:3, 5*451*P f47 9-*2 .9E8 9-* 3*=9 2{/47 5:3}9:{9.43 54.39 .3 9-*.7 *39.7* |*.3,P
w.9- *34724:81> 548.9.;* {99.9:~*N <{72 82.1*8 {3~ 45*33*88N 97:89 .3 9-*28*1;*8 {3~ 8*38* 4+
7*85438.|.1.9> 94 49-*78N 9-*> 7*57*8*39 9-* 0.3~ 4+ {99.9:~* <-.}- }4:1~ 2{0* -*{19->N +.9 >4:3,89*78
8945 {9 349-.3,P t-*> <4:1~ 7*{1.?* 9-{9 9-*> {7* }{5{|1* 4+ 9-.3,8 9-*> -{;* 3*;*7 ~7*{2*~ 4+P
h43, k43, -{8 .98 4<3 p{7{1>25.} *6:*897.{3N n*1843 y.5P h* 8{.~N Di -{~ 94 4;*7}42* { 149 4+ :58
{3~ ~4<38 {8 i 57*5{7*~ +47 9-* }425*9.9.43P t-{9 897*3,9-*3*~ 2> }-{7{}9*7PE h.8 {5574{}- .8 9>5.}{1P
a8 9*{2 1*{~*7 m.}-{*1 l** 7*2*2|*7*~N 43* 4+ 9-*8* 7.~*78 941~ -.2 9-{9 D~.8{|.1.9> .8 349 .3{|.1.9>PE
t-.8 0.3~ 4+ {99.9:~* .8 }42243 94 9-*2 {11P
p*3, y:1.{3
m{70 f7*3?*1
h43, k43,E8 ~.8{|1*~ ,41~ 2*~{1.89 7:33*7N s4 w{O<{.N <{8 9-* }.9>E8 +1{,O|*{7*7 {9 9-* p{7{1>25.}8P t-* }.9> <43 SS
2*~{18 .3}1:~.3, W ,41~8 <.9- TS }425*9.9478 .3 Z 854798P
s4 w{O<{.
ff
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fg
9=F@D?HK>HI@
9=F@D?HK>HI@
x4/7;+ 62|~+U ;4/7;+ ~.|22+4-+b w/4 v.;/ z|/

{5;R8+ | </9/:58W {5; 9++ :/*? 9:8++:9 |4* 6|<+3+4:9W r5 92;3W r5 -.+::5W r5 4+=96|6+8V,+* 4/-.:3|8+W
e 93|8: 2/-.: 8|/2=|? |4* ~?~2+ :8|~19 =+|<+ :.+/8 58*+82? =|? |85;4* | :?6/~|2 :5=4 ~+4:8+W f;: /:R9 7;/+:U
,58 953+54+ ~53/4- ,853 *5=4:5=4U <+8? 7;/+:W z.+8+ |8+ :.+ 3|81+:9U 45/9+ |4* ~85=*9c w.+ ~|,@9 |4*
,|9:V,55* 9:|229c w.+ 358+ ?5; 2551 |4* :.+ 358+ ,521 ?5; :|21 :5U :.+ ~2+|8+8 :.+ 3+99|-+W v53+:./4- /9
3/99/4-W v53+:./4- :.+ 9:|:/9:/~9 *54C: 7;/:+ ~|:~.W f;: :.+ 6+562+ *5W
l5= /9 /: ,58 ?5;:.c

=4year4olds take care of ;4year4olds5 Raybe
mum.s gone back to the mainland to renew
her visa5 Kather.s working late as usual5
Xo teachers and social workers have to
take over5 Xome schools stay open longer
or have shorter holidays so the kids can
stay on5 Nf they come here hungry3 without
breakfast or lunch3 the least we can do is
hand out snacks to keep them going5
w/4 v.;/ z|/ .|9 |354- :.+ ~/:?R9

./-.+9: /4~/*+4~+ 5,b
1 poverty
1 unemployment within families
1 families on HXXF
1 families earning less than HXXF
welfare handouts
1 child abuse
1 battered spouses
1 youth drug abuse
1 youth crime
Yin Xhui \ai students
q8 z54- j|/V=54S6|8+4:T
/ Pids lack a sense of
security here3 just like
me0
g.|4 v|;V=|.
Sj583 YT
/ N look forward to
serving others0
fh
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
z.+8+ |8+ :.+ 52*+8 54+9c

Rany are out of work3 middle4aged men5
]ou see them in the park every day3
reading the paper5 Xome are qualified
engineers5 Yhey came here for public
housing3 hoping for harmony at home
and a decent job5 Nt didn.t work out5
Vualifications were unacceptable5 Xkills
were obsolete5 Sow they feel hopeless3
depressed5 Nt can lead to family violence
out of sheer desperate frustration555Yhey
need jobs and language skills3 not just
charity5
Rs Kiona Xze3 MPK]L Yin ]uet ]outh XUTY
Rs Kiona Xze 1social worker2 with neighbourhood

network group
q8 p|3 {;1V9;4
S:+|~.+8T
/ N teach students to see
themselves as Mong
Pong citizens3 to see
they have a role to play0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
q9 j; z/4-V6;4
S</~+V68/4~/6|2T
/ \e encourage love for
our community so
people feel they belong
here0
q9 k|22+? g.|;
S6|8+4:T
/ \hen N need help the
neighbourhood
network of other
mothers is there for me0
w/4 v.;/ z|/C9 ?5;:.,;2 656;2|:/54

1 highest number of youngsters under 8< in
Mong Pong
1 median age is :<3 compared to :@ for all Mong Pong
1 more mainlanders than any other Mong Pong town
except Pwun Yong
1 high proportion of young mainland mothers and
children
1 <; young applicants for every vacancyB elsewhere
the average is 9
1 limited places in Korms ; and <
w/4 v.;/ z|/
3/2+9
g.+4- g./V1/:
Sj583 ^T
/ Yhe bus fare through the
harbour tunnel is over
MP-975 Yhat buys lunch for
a family of four0
Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups offers a range

of services to young people in Yin Xhui \ai5 Yhere are three
]outh XUTYs3 one of which has the mutual help network
pictured opposite5 \e have a primary and secondary school
there and a family life education unit5 Yhe Kederation.s school
social workers also serve in several other primary and
secondary schools5
g54:|~: *+:|/29
MPK]L Yin Xhui ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;? >;>;
tsEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Oockey Hlub Yin ]iu ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;< ;?=?
tyEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Oockey Hlub Yin ]uet ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;< <>>>
tytEhkfyg5org5hk
Xchool Xocial \ork
tel 9:@< 78=8
sswEhkfyg5org5hk
Kamily Qife Jducation
tel 9;;< ;@7:
fle4ylEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Qee Xhau Pee Hollege /
MPK]L Qee Xhau Pee Urimary Xchool see page :8
v5;8~+9
]uen Qong Iistrict \elfare Tffice Xtatistics3 Xocial \elfare Iepartment3 Rarch3 977?
977= Uopulation Gy4census5 Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66www5bycensus977=5gov5hk6data6data:6index5htm
e~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Ferial photo and map of Yin Xhui \ai from Ulanning / Qands Granch3
Ievelopment Gureau press release5 Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66www5devb4plb5gov5hk6eng6press6977?6977?877=78<@5htm
Zpper small scale MP map5
Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6imageAMong`Pong`Tutline`Rap5png
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fi
9=F@D?HK>HI@
9=F@D?HK>HI@
x4/7;+ 62|~+U ;4/7;+ ~.|22+4-+b w/4 v.;/ z|/

{5;R8+ | </9/:58W {5; 9++ :/*? 9:8++:9 |4* 6|<+3+4:9W r5 92;3W r5 -.+::5W r5 4+=96|6+8V,+* 4/-.:3|8+W
e 93|8: 2/-.: 8|/2=|? |4* ~?~2+ :8|~19 =+|<+ :.+/8 58*+82? =|? |85;4* | :?6/~|2 :5=4 ~+4:8+W f;: /:R9 7;/+:U
,58 953+54+ ~53/4- ,853 *5=4:5=4U <+8? 7;/+:W z.+8+ |8+ :.+ 3|81+:9U 45/9+ |4* ~85=*9c w.+ ~|,@9 |4*
,|9:V,55* 9:|229c w.+ 358+ ?5; 2551 |4* :.+ 358+ ,521 ?5; :|21 :5U :.+ ~2+|8+8 :.+ 3+99|-+W v53+:./4- /9
3/99/4-W v53+:./4- :.+ 9:|:/9:/~9 *54C: 7;/:+ ~|:~.W f;: :.+ 6+562+ *5W
l5= /9 /: ,58 ?5;:.c

=4year4olds take care of ;4year4olds5 Raybe
mum.s gone back to the mainland to renew
her visa5 Kather.s working late as usual5
Xo teachers and social workers have to
take over5 Xome schools stay open longer
or have shorter holidays so the kids can
stay on5 Nf they come here hungry3 without
breakfast or lunch3 the least we can do is
hand out snacks to keep them going5
w/4 v.;/ z|/ .|9 |354- :.+ ~/:?R9

./-.+9: /4~/*+4~+ 5,b
1 poverty
1 unemployment within families
1 families on HXXF
1 families earning less than HXXF
welfare handouts
1 child abuse
1 battered spouses
1 youth drug abuse
1 youth crime
Yin Xhui \ai students
q8 z54- j|/V=54S6|8+4:T
/ Pids lack a sense of
security here3 just like
me0
g.|4 v|;V=|.
Sj583 YT
/ N look forward to
serving others0
fh
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
z.+8+ |8+ :.+ 52*+8 54+9c

Rany are out of work3 middle4aged men5
]ou see them in the park every day3
reading the paper5 Xome are qualified
engineers5 Yhey came here for public
housing3 hoping for harmony at home
and a decent job5 Nt didn.t work out5
Vualifications were unacceptable5 Xkills
were obsolete5 Sow they feel hopeless3
depressed5 Nt can lead to family violence
out of sheer desperate frustration555Yhey
need jobs and language skills3 not just
charity5
Rs Kiona Xze3 MPK]L Yin ]uet ]outh XUTY
Rs Kiona Xze 1social worker2 with neighbourhood

network group
q8 p|3 {;1V9;4
S:+|~.+8T
/ N teach students to see
themselves as Mong
Pong citizens3 to see
they have a role to play0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
q9 j; z/4-V6;4
S</~+V68/4~/6|2T
/ \e encourage love for
our community so
people feel they belong
here0
q9 k|22+? g.|;
S6|8+4:T
/ \hen N need help the
neighbourhood
network of other
mothers is there for me0
w/4 v.;/ z|/C9 ?5;:.,;2 656;2|:/54

1 highest number of youngsters under 8< in
Mong Pong
1 median age is :<3 compared to :@ for all Mong Pong
1 more mainlanders than any other Mong Pong town
except Pwun Yong
1 high proportion of young mainland mothers and
children
1 <; young applicants for every vacancyB elsewhere
the average is 9
1 limited places in Korms ; and <
w/4 v.;/ z|/
3/2+9
g.+4- g./V1/:
Sj583 ^T
/ Yhe bus fare through the
harbour tunnel is over
MP-975 Yhat buys lunch for
a family of four0
Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups offers a range

of services to young people in Yin Xhui \ai5 Yhere are three
]outh XUTYs3 one of which has the mutual help network
pictured opposite5 \e have a primary and secondary school
there and a family life education unit5 Yhe Kederation.s school
social workers also serve in several other primary and
secondary schools5
g54:|~: *+:|/29
MPK]L Yin Xhui ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;? >;>;
tsEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Oockey Hlub Yin ]iu ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;< ;?=?
tyEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Oockey Hlub Yin ]uet ]outh XUTY
tel 9;;< <>>>
tytEhkfyg5org5hk
Xchool Xocial \ork
tel 9:@< 78=8
sswEhkfyg5org5hk
Kamily Qife Jducation
tel 9;;< ;@7:
fle4ylEhkfyg5org5hk
MPK]L Qee Xhau Pee Hollege /
MPK]L Qee Xhau Pee Urimary Xchool see page :8
v5;8~+9
]uen Qong Iistrict \elfare Tffice Xtatistics3 Xocial \elfare Iepartment3 Rarch3 977?
977= Uopulation Gy4census5 Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66www5bycensus977=5gov5hk6data6data:6index5htm
e~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Ferial photo and map of Yin Xhui \ai from Ulanning / Qands Granch3
Ievelopment Gureau press release5 Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66www5devb4plb5gov5hk6eng6press6977?6977?877=78<@5htm
Zpper small scale MP map5
Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from
httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6imageAMong`Pong`Tutline`Rap5png
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fi
;=FEDGB IHDGL
;=FEDGB IHDGL
o++6/4- }|2|4~+*
while surfing the web
w./9 |8:/~2+ ./-.2/-.:9 :.+ ~54:8|*/~:/549 5, |~~+99 :5 :.+ /4:+84+: |4* :.+ ~549:|4: </-/2|4~+
8+7;/8+* :5 +49;8+ ?5;4- 6+562+ *5 45: ,|22 68+? :5 /4*+~+4: |4* 65845-8|6./~ 3|:+8/|2W l54o54-C9 8+</+= 5, :.+ g54:852 5, s}9~+4+ |4* m4*+~+4: e8:/~2+9 s8*/4|4~+ 68536:9 */9~;99/54 5,
:.+ 852+ 6|8+4:9U :+|~.+89 |4* /4*/</*;|29 62|? /4 :.+ 685:+~:/54 5, ?5;4- 6+562+ 542/4+W
Yhe internet has become the key to daily
life3 especially for young people5 Yhat
key opens the door to information3
knowledge3 communication3 networking
and entertainment5 \ith a quick click of
a mouse3 they are transported into worlds
of imagination3 creativity and adventure5
Yhe opportunities afforded by the internet
are no doubt very great5 Gut with every
opportunity comes a challenge5 Fnd one
challenge facing young people today is
the internet.s darker side5 Uositive
information can be gleaned in exactly the
same way as materials of a more
discriminatory3 violent or sexual nature5
Mow should we respondD Mow can
young people be guided into finding and
keeping their balance while surfing the
net3 staying attentive to the real risks and
dangers that the virtual world has in
common with the real worldD
r l5= ~|4 ?5;4- 6+562+ }+
-;/*+* /4:5 ,/4*/4- |4*

1++6/4- :.+/8 }|2|4~+ =./2+
9;8,/4- :.+ 4+:U 9:|?/4|::+4:/<+ :5 :.+ 8+|2 8/919
|4* *|4-+89 :.|: :.+ </8:;|2
=582* .|9 /4 ~53354 =/:.
:.+ 8+|2 =582*cs
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
Hurrently however3 there is a growing

fear amongst journalists3 academics and
even some politicians3 that proposals may
constitute a form of web censorship5 Yhe
argument is that a tightening of control
over information dissemination on the
internet could lead to a further tightening
of what is published5
Yhere is3 of course3 no evidence for this5
\hile the debate on censorship must be
taken seriously3 the point about why the
review is being undertaken cannot be
forgotten5 Yhe purpose is to ensure the
protection of youth and children from
exposure to obscene and indecent
information5
Yhis is what makes the views of parents
and concerned citizens crucial to the
review5 Liven their opinions in different
forums3 including letters to newspapers3
it seems that there is a growing call to
take responsibility for one.s own actions
and behaviour5
Hybercafe culture
fj
Yhis is a real dilemma facing parents3

teachers3 individual young people3 as
well as policy makers the world over5 Nn
Tctober 977?3 the Mong Pong
government began a review of the Hontrol
of Tbscene and Nndecent Frticles
Trdinance5 Yhe aim was to improve
rather than replace the current system5
Hhanges in several areas3 including
adjudication and classification3 as well as
obscenity on the internet3 were proposed3

with debate on clearer definitions3
deterrence through heftier penalties3 and
means to ensure that regulation would
not be construed as censorship5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
Yhe reason is simpleA obscenity is an issue

that will forever elicit debate5 \hat one
person might find obscene and offensive3
may not appear so to another5 Ximilarly3
what one person might classify as
indecent could be merely risqu| or
aesthetically beautiful to somebody else5
Nt is evident that there is a need for
education based on cultural and
behavioural issues to accompany this
type of ordinance5
\hile some may argue that this approach
is na}ve3 Mong Pong has a fine example
to illustrate the point5 Krom a culture
where -tea money. or -black money. was
considered a way of life3 and greasing
palms seemed the only way to get things
done3 we have become a culture ranked
internationally for abhorrence to
corruption and bribery5 ]es3 it took
legislation5 ]es3 it took an independent
commission5 Gut it also took both
community education and individual
responsibility5
Yhese ensured that the accompanying

moral value became ingrained in our
culture5 Yhe same can be done , and
should be done , for obscenity and
indecency3 especially among young
people5
Fs long as curiosity and inquisitiveness
are part of growing up3 the temptation
to access indecent or obscene material3
whether in print3 video3 online or audio3
is a reality that every parent faces5 \hat
could perhaps stop3 or at least prevent
repeat incursions into this virtual world3
is the moral value and fibre that
determines individual behaviour5
r z.|: 54+ 6+8954 3/-.:
,/4* 5}9~+4+ |4* 5,,+49/<+U

3|? 45: |66+|8 95 :5
|45:.+8W v/3/2|82?U =.|: 54+
6+8954 3/-.: ~2|99/,? |9
/4*+~+4: ~5;2* }+ 3+8+2?
8/97;@ 58 |+9:.+:/~|22?
}+|;:/,;2 :5 953+}5*?
+29+Ws
Richaelangelo.s Wwkgyout ul ^gtK from the ceiling of

the Xistine Hhapel3 is one of the most famous works
of art of the Ntalian Wenaissance5 Nt once seemed risqu|
to some people5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fk
;=FEDGB IHDGL
;=FEDGB IHDGL
o++6/4- }|2|4~+*
while surfing the web
w./9 |8:/~2+ ./-.2/-.:9 :.+ ~54:8|*/~:/549 5, |~~+99 :5 :.+ /4:+84+: |4* :.+ ~549:|4: </-/2|4~+
8+7;/8+* :5 +49;8+ ?5;4- 6+562+ *5 45: ,|22 68+? :5 /4*+~+4: |4* 65845-8|6./~ 3|:+8/|2W l54o54-C9 8+</+= 5, :.+ g54:852 5, s}9~+4+ |4* m4*+~+4: e8:/~2+9 s8*/4|4~+ 68536:9 */9~;99/54 5,
:.+ 852+ 6|8+4:9U :+|~.+89 |4* /4*/</*;|29 62|? /4 :.+ 685:+~:/54 5, ?5;4- 6+562+ 542/4+W
Yhe internet has become the key to daily
life3 especially for young people5 Yhat
key opens the door to information3
knowledge3 communication3 networking
and entertainment5 \ith a quick click of
a mouse3 they are transported into worlds
of imagination3 creativity and adventure5
Yhe opportunities afforded by the internet
are no doubt very great5 Gut with every
opportunity comes a challenge5 Fnd one
challenge facing young people today is
the internet.s darker side5 Uositive
information can be gleaned in exactly the
same way as materials of a more
discriminatory3 violent or sexual nature5
Mow should we respondD Mow can
young people be guided into finding and
keeping their balance while surfing the
net3 staying attentive to the real risks and
dangers that the virtual world has in
common with the real worldD
r l5= ~|4 ?5;4- 6+562+ }+
-;/*+* /4:5 ,/4*/4- |4*

1++6/4- :.+/8 }|2|4~+ =./2+
9;8,/4- :.+ 4+:U 9:|?/4|::+4:/<+ :5 :.+ 8+|2 8/919
|4* *|4-+89 :.|: :.+ </8:;|2
=582* .|9 /4 ~53354 =/:.
:.+ 8+|2 =582*cs
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
Hurrently however3 there is a growing

fear amongst journalists3 academics and
even some politicians3 that proposals may
constitute a form of web censorship5 Yhe
argument is that a tightening of control
over information dissemination on the
internet could lead to a further tightening
of what is published5
Yhere is3 of course3 no evidence for this5
\hile the debate on censorship must be
taken seriously3 the point about why the
review is being undertaken cannot be
forgotten5 Yhe purpose is to ensure the
protection of youth and children from
exposure to obscene and indecent
information5
Yhis is what makes the views of parents
and concerned citizens crucial to the
review5 Liven their opinions in different
forums3 including letters to newspapers3
it seems that there is a growing call to
take responsibility for one.s own actions
and behaviour5
Hybercafe culture
fj
Yhis is a real dilemma facing parents3

teachers3 individual young people3 as
well as policy makers the world over5 Nn
Tctober 977?3 the Mong Pong
government began a review of the Hontrol
of Tbscene and Nndecent Frticles
Trdinance5 Yhe aim was to improve
rather than replace the current system5
Hhanges in several areas3 including
adjudication and classification3 as well as
obscenity on the internet3 were proposed3

with debate on clearer definitions3
deterrence through heftier penalties3 and
means to ensure that regulation would
not be construed as censorship5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
Yhe reason is simpleA obscenity is an issue

that will forever elicit debate5 \hat one
person might find obscene and offensive3
may not appear so to another5 Ximilarly3
what one person might classify as
indecent could be merely risqu| or
aesthetically beautiful to somebody else5
Nt is evident that there is a need for
education based on cultural and
behavioural issues to accompany this
type of ordinance5
\hile some may argue that this approach
is na}ve3 Mong Pong has a fine example
to illustrate the point5 Krom a culture
where -tea money. or -black money. was
considered a way of life3 and greasing
palms seemed the only way to get things
done3 we have become a culture ranked
internationally for abhorrence to
corruption and bribery5 ]es3 it took
legislation5 ]es3 it took an independent
commission5 Gut it also took both
community education and individual
responsibility5
Yhese ensured that the accompanying

moral value became ingrained in our
culture5 Yhe same can be done , and
should be done , for obscenity and
indecency3 especially among young
people5
Fs long as curiosity and inquisitiveness
are part of growing up3 the temptation
to access indecent or obscene material3
whether in print3 video3 online or audio3
is a reality that every parent faces5 \hat
could perhaps stop3 or at least prevent
repeat incursions into this virtual world3
is the moral value and fibre that
determines individual behaviour5
r z.|: 54+ 6+8954 3/-.:
,/4* 5}9~+4+ |4* 5,,+49/<+U

3|? 45: |66+|8 95 :5
|45:.+8W v/3/2|82?U =.|: 54+
6+8954 3/-.: ~2|99/,? |9
/4*+~+4: ~5;2* }+ 3+8+2?
8/97;@ 58 |+9:.+:/~|22?
}+|;:/,;2 :5 953+}5*?
+29+Ws
Richaelangelo.s Wwkgyout ul ^gtK from the ceiling of

the Xistine Hhapel3 is one of the most famous works
of art of the Ntalian Wenaissance5 Nt once seemed risqu|
to some people5
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fk
;=FEDGB IHDGL
6J@KC AH>MK
w|1/4- 6|8:b
<52;4:++8/4- :5 9:|8:
Yhis is not the time to shy away from the responsibility to
educate morally5 Ft school3 at home and through public
education campaigns3 there is a need to emphasise that obscene
and indecent materials do not have a value4added component
for the acquisition of knowledge5 Kor titillation and for
exploitation3 images and words that fall within these parameters
do nothing to enhance the growth and development of young
people as law4abiding3 contributing members of society5
r e9 254- |9 ~;8/59/:? |4* /47;/9/:/<+4+99
|8+ 6|8: 5, -85=/4- ;6U :.+ :+36:|:/54 :5

|~~+99 /4*+~+4: 58 5}9~+4+ 3|:+8/|2U
=.+:.+8 /4 68/4:U </*+5U 542/4+ 58 |;*/5U
/9 | 8+|2/:? :.|: +<+8? 6|8+4: ,|~+9Ws
Xo instead of only relying on the Hontrol of Tbscene and

Nndecent Frticles Trdinance to take care of the community.s
sense of modesty3 let us assume some responsibility for our
own personal behaviour and try and form a culture less
susceptible to moral improprieties based on legislation and
regulation alone5 Fnd let the review of the ordinance result in
an effective and enforceable law that is both punitive to the
offender and protective to the public in a way that is widely
accepted by at least the majority5 Raybe then young people
will find a way to meet the challenge of keeping their balance
when surfing the internet.s waves5
Yhere are often complaints about apathetic youth but there.s an easy way to get
young people goingA volunteer work5 Nt is a win4win experience for all and for some
it0s a crucial step on the ladder to being a good representative for your community5
Nt doesn.t matter how old you are3 you
feel good after helping somebody5
\hatever you did to help them and
whatever their age5 Xcientists tell us
that the warm glow we feel is connected
with the same part of our brains that
helps mothers and children to bond5
Nt.s very natural3 very human5
y52;4:++8/4- /9 | D.+|*9 ;6E

+>6+8/+4~+W Nt makes you look
outwards3 away from all your personal

troubles when you realise you can help
somebody5
\e need to educate young people that just because something

exists3 it does not mean it should be pursued5 Yhis means
educating them to recognise what is harmful to civic behaviour3
as opposed to that which is simply illegal5 Nt means teaching
self4discipline and responsibility5
k55* 4+=9 ,58 6|8+4:9
Nf parents volunteer there.s

double the chance their
children will5 Wesearch shows
that the younger children are
when they first volunteer the
greater their chances of
participating voluntarily in
the community at some level
when they become adults5
{5;4- 6+562+ 9.5= :.+ =|? /4 3|4? ~5;4:8/+9W

<<. of all 8948? year4olds in the ZX are regular volunteers
as are about :9. of the 8?49< year4olds in Fustralia5 Xtatistics
don.t quite match up because there is no single definition of
youth5 Nt.s 8?49; in many Juropean countries3 and in
Mong Pong we often use the Znited Sations definition which
is 8<49;5
Nn an age where information and material are so easily accessible3

the consumption and dissemination of obscenity cannot be
prevented5 Gut that need not become part of our culture5
Yhe NHFH established a level of security and acceptance
dependent not only on regulations3 definitions and penalties5
Yhis sense of security has become part of Mong Pong.s culture
and it too relied on public education programmes about what
constituted right and wrong5
F 977< survey by the Mong Pong Hommission on ]outh
MPXFW government leaflet

t.5:5 |~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Porean cybercaf|5 Wetrieved Sovember 993 977?3 from httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6NmageAPorean5culture4UH5bang4785jpg
Richelangelo.s Hreation of Ran5 Wetrieved Sovember 993 977?3 from httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6NmageARichelangelo`Xistine`Hhapel`ceiling4
`Hreationòf`man`Ngnudo85OUL
YJQF publicity leaflet5 Wetrieved Sovember 8?3 977?3 from tela5gov5hk6english6doc6education6UublicityRaterials6HTNFTQeaflet8èng5pdf
found about ;?. of the :3<<=

respondents had done voluntary work3
a_Q |-8++* :.|: /: =|9

/3658:|4: :5 .+26 5:.+89 and >?.
said they would volunteer if they had
the opportunity5
Mowever3 977? statistics from the

[olunteer Rovement in Mong Pong
don.t match this5 Yhey show about
:<=3777 aged up to 9< had registered as
volunteers as of Iecember 977>5
Yhat is approximately 8@59. of all the
youngsters3 rather low for a developed society5
Mong Pong people are full of generosity so let.s pass on the

message about the feel4good factor5 l+26/4- 5:.+89
};/2*9 ?5;8 9+2,V+9:++3 |4* 9+2,V~54,/*+4~+W
Flso3 young volunteers are likely to be healthy and less likely

to get involved in risky experiments with drugs or sex5
Yhey are more likely to feel connected to their families and
communities3 and tend to do better in school5 Yry it3 whatever
your age5 ]ou.ll soon see5
GWT]V\MMZQVO Q[ IV QUXWZ\IV\ NQZ[\ [\MX \W XIZ\QKQXI\QWV WV I _QLMZ [KITM3 ?\ KZMI\M[ \PM ZQOP\ UQVL[M\ IVL \PM
XW[Q\Q^M I\\Q\]LM \PI\ OQ^M[ OWWL UW\QÎ\QWV3 FPM >@<H= HW]\P GWT]V\MMZ CM\_WZS Q[ >WVO @WVOc[ JQOOM[\
_Q\P W^MZ 5541444 ZMOQ[\MZML ^WT]V\MMZ[3 <]\]ZM IZ\QKTM[ _QTT \ITS IJW]\ JW\P ^WT]V\IZa IVL KIZMMZ MVOIOMUMV\
Ja aW]VO XMWXTM QV X]JTQK INNIQZ[ IVL I[ UMUJMZ[ WN \PM QV[\Q\]\QWV[ IVL I[[WKQI\QWV[ \PI\ ]VLMZXQV W]Z [WKQM\a5
Xources
Yhe joy of giving5 1977=3 Tctober 8;25 cnk YiutusoxyK ST

Hommission on ]outh5 1977<25 Vktinsgwq byzj~ ut Wo{oi Ytmgmkskty gtj buiogr _ky|uwqx ul fuzynx ot [utm \utmL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3
from httpA66www5coy5gov5hk6eng6report6doc6977<study6977<fullWeportè5pdf
Uhuzy {urztykkw xkw{oikL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5volunteering4hk5org6english6aboutvs6vs`stat5html
Fustralian Gureau of Xtatistics5 1977>25 PPPNLM durztygw~ |uwq ot Uzxywgrog OMMRL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5abs5gov5
au6ausstats6absE5nsf67689;J<=><FI:FJI?HHF9<=F>877778@H<DTpen/MighlightC73volunteers
fuzyn nkrvotm UskwoigL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5nationalservice5gov6pdf67<`88:7`QXF`]MF`study5pdf
fl
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fm
;=FEDGB IHDGL
6J@KC AH>MK
w|1/4- 6|8:b
<52;4:++8/4- :5 9:|8:
Yhis is not the time to shy away from the responsibility to
educate morally5 Ft school3 at home and through public
education campaigns3 there is a need to emphasise that obscene
and indecent materials do not have a value4added component
for the acquisition of knowledge5 Kor titillation and for
exploitation3 images and words that fall within these parameters
do nothing to enhance the growth and development of young
people as law4abiding3 contributing members of society5
r e9 254- |9 ~;8/59/:? |4* /47;/9/:/<+4+99
|8+ 6|8: 5, -85=/4- ;6U :.+ :+36:|:/54 :5

|~~+99 /4*+~+4: 58 5}9~+4+ 3|:+8/|2U
=.+:.+8 /4 68/4:U </*+5U 542/4+ 58 |;*/5U
/9 | 8+|2/:? :.|: +<+8? 6|8+4: ,|~+9Ws
Xo instead of only relying on the Hontrol of Tbscene and

Nndecent Frticles Trdinance to take care of the community.s
sense of modesty3 let us assume some responsibility for our
own personal behaviour and try and form a culture less
susceptible to moral improprieties based on legislation and
regulation alone5 Fnd let the review of the ordinance result in
an effective and enforceable law that is both punitive to the
offender and protective to the public in a way that is widely
accepted by at least the majority5 Raybe then young people
will find a way to meet the challenge of keeping their balance
when surfing the internet.s waves5
Yhere are often complaints about apathetic youth but there.s an easy way to get
young people goingA volunteer work5 Nt is a win4win experience for all and for some
it0s a crucial step on the ladder to being a good representative for your community5
Nt doesn.t matter how old you are3 you
feel good after helping somebody5
\hatever you did to help them and
whatever their age5 Xcientists tell us
that the warm glow we feel is connected
with the same part of our brains that
helps mothers and children to bond5
Nt.s very natural3 very human5
y52;4:++8/4- /9 | D.+|*9 ;6E

+>6+8/+4~+W Nt makes you look
outwards3 away from all your personal

troubles when you realise you can help
somebody5
\e need to educate young people that just because something

exists3 it does not mean it should be pursued5 Yhis means
educating them to recognise what is harmful to civic behaviour3
as opposed to that which is simply illegal5 Nt means teaching
self4discipline and responsibility5
k55* 4+=9 ,58 6|8+4:9
Nf parents volunteer there.s

double the chance their
children will5 Wesearch shows
that the younger children are
when they first volunteer the
greater their chances of
participating voluntarily in
the community at some level
when they become adults5
{5;4- 6+562+ 9.5= :.+ =|? /4 3|4? ~5;4:8/+9W

<<. of all 8948? year4olds in the ZX are regular volunteers
as are about :9. of the 8?49< year4olds in Fustralia5 Xtatistics
don.t quite match up because there is no single definition of
youth5 Nt.s 8?49; in many Juropean countries3 and in
Mong Pong we often use the Znited Sations definition which
is 8<49;5
Nn an age where information and material are so easily accessible3

the consumption and dissemination of obscenity cannot be
prevented5 Gut that need not become part of our culture5
Yhe NHFH established a level of security and acceptance
dependent not only on regulations3 definitions and penalties5
Yhis sense of security has become part of Mong Pong.s culture
and it too relied on public education programmes about what
constituted right and wrong5
F 977< survey by the Mong Pong Hommission on ]outh
MPXFW government leaflet

t.5:5 |~145=2+*-+3+4:9
Porean cybercaf|5 Wetrieved Sovember 993 977?3 from httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6NmageAPorean5culture4UH5bang4785jpg
Richelangelo.s Hreation of Ran5 Wetrieved Sovember 993 977?3 from httpA66commons5wikimedia5org6wiki6NmageARichelangelo`Xistine`Hhapel`ceiling4
`Hreationòf`man`Ngnudo85OUL
YJQF publicity leaflet5 Wetrieved Sovember 8?3 977?3 from tela5gov5hk6english6doc6education6UublicityRaterials6HTNFTQeaflet8èng5pdf
found about ;?. of the :3<<=

respondents had done voluntary work3
a_Q |-8++* :.|: /: =|9

/3658:|4: :5 .+26 5:.+89 and >?.
said they would volunteer if they had
the opportunity5
Mowever3 977? statistics from the

[olunteer Rovement in Mong Pong
don.t match this5 Yhey show about
:<=3777 aged up to 9< had registered as
volunteers as of Iecember 977>5
Yhat is approximately 8@59. of all the
youngsters3 rather low for a developed society5
Mong Pong people are full of generosity so let.s pass on the

message about the feel4good factor5 l+26/4- 5:.+89
};/2*9 ?5;8 9+2,V+9:++3 |4* 9+2,V~54,/*+4~+W
Flso3 young volunteers are likely to be healthy and less likely

to get involved in risky experiments with drugs or sex5
Yhey are more likely to feel connected to their families and
communities3 and tend to do better in school5 Yry it3 whatever
your age5 ]ou.ll soon see5
GWT]V\MMZQVO Q[ IV QUXWZ\IV\ NQZ[\ [\MX \W XIZ\QKQXI\QWV WV I _QLMZ [KITM3 ?\ KZMI\M[ \PM ZQOP\ UQVL[M\ IVL \PM
XW[Q\Q^M I\\Q\]LM \PI\ OQ^M[ OWWL UW\QÎ\QWV3 FPM >@<H= HW]\P GWT]V\MMZ CM\_WZS Q[ >WVO @WVOc[ JQOOM[\
_Q\P W^MZ 5541444 ZMOQ[\MZML ^WT]V\MMZ[3 <]\]ZM IZ\QKTM[ _QTT \ITS IJW]\ JW\P ^WT]V\IZa IVL KIZMMZ MVOIOMUMV\
Ja aW]VO XMWXTM QV X]JTQK INNIQZ[ IVL I[ UMUJMZ[ WN \PM QV[\Q\]\QWV[ IVL I[[WKQI\QWV[ \PI\ ]VLMZXQV W]Z [WKQM\a5
Xources
Yhe joy of giving5 1977=3 Tctober 8;25 cnk YiutusoxyK ST

Hommission on ]outh5 1977<25 Vktinsgwq byzj~ ut Wo{oi Ytmgmkskty gtj buiogr _ky|uwqx ul fuzynx ot [utm \utmL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3
from httpA66www5coy5gov5hk6eng6report6doc6977<study6977<fullWeportè5pdf
Uhuzy {urztykkw xkw{oikL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5volunteering4hk5org6english6aboutvs6vs`stat5html
Fustralian Gureau of Xtatistics5 1977>25 PPPNLM durztygw~ |uwq ot Uzxywgrog OMMRL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5abs5gov5
au6ausstats6absE5nsf67689;J<=><FI:FJI?HHF9<=F>877778@H<DTpen/MighlightC73volunteers
fuzyn nkrvotm UskwoigL Wetrieved Sovember >3 977?3 from httpA66www5nationalservice5gov6pdf67<`88:7`QXF`]MF`study5pdf
fl
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
fm
6=>LKC@@L
4DC;IADC 1 9EDCHDGH@AE 5DGB
w.+ l54- o54- j+*+8|:/54 5, {5;:. k85;69
OQNP
Jarlier this year the Meadquarters Guilding of the Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups opened for
operations5 Yhe 9?4storey social service complex with state4of4the4art facilities and amenities is now home
to several of our Fdministrative and Xervice Znits3 including a ]outh XUTY and a youth social enterprise
in :INb 655 Yhe official opening of the headquarters in Iecember 977? marked a major milestone5
t/~z6~ 7-|. WtX {2;~6 z6 z335235-z7~ dx`fiJ4N@VI TtT

o ] q< 25+z1-=z7-21 z0 ] -6 -17~5~67~} -1 }21z7-1+ npUyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 72 nplxm {<f
YG ] Yh\rM2nC[ yyyyyyyyyyyy MLD}rEB
0M 3GDHH>= <@>FJ> 0z}~ 3z<z{/~ 72 Tw,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836T\
i,~48~ r2\Q<Raf yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy WZcQ<wj.Uf 0C}drOX
0M 4AG>G 72 7,~ nz1+ v~1+ hz1.Z z||2817 1z0~f Tw,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836T z||2817
180{~5f dda[^`ddba[^^_ Wt/~z6~ *z; 7,~ {z1.V6 5~|~-37 72+~7,~5 :-7, 7,-6 *250 72 tz571~56,-3 z1} u~6285|~
j~9~/230~17 s**-|~ z7 adcc d_cc 25 6~1} {< 0z-/ 72 7,~ z}}5~66Y {~/2:X
cBLYO*Z_kePWRaf dda[^`ddba[^^_X@d:_kcBpy?^2B{4@K5jadcc d_cc
D]lOVPv1=E@t9aTHYboB
M
889 8;KB>CI
u~+-67~5~} 86~56 2* ttv |z1 }21z7~ 72 7,~ l~}~5z7-21 9-z z 721~ 3,21~ 25 7,~ o17~51~7\ w,~ 0~5|,z17 |2}~ *25 w,~
n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836 -6 eabc\ l25 *857,~5 }~7z-/6Z 3/~z6~ *~~/ *5~~ 72 |z// 7,~ tz571~56,-3 z1}
u~6285|~ j~9~/230~17 s**-|~ z7 adcc d_^_ ] adcc d_^`\
oH>D6[P@X@XoH>z72BL0C}drO@YOD68PbRCeabc BS;d/Y
adcc d_^_ ] adcc d_^` 0C}drOD]lOVPv1=E,UB
3G>=AI 3;G=
s1~[2** }21z7-21 2* npU
FhX2B@|m-C[
iz5} r2\
~[sRa
rz0~ 2* iz5} n2/}~5
+sGs_
:692
M 7;HI>G3;G=
25 u~+8/z5 }21z7-21 2* npU
M t |m-pSC[
k;3-5< jz7~
~[sg3A
v-+1z785~ 2* iz5} n2/}~5
+sGnQ
rz0~ 2* j2125 2BGs_f

rz0~ 2* v321625-1+ s5+z1-=z7-21 qnh\_^f
rz0~ 2* i217z|7 t~5621 lGGf
t,21~ r2\ lGYTf
lz; r2\ K5Raf
k0z-/ YIf
i255~6321}~1|~ g}}5~66 bof
rz0~ 21 5~|~-37 fgwjf
u~|~-376 :-// {~ -668~} *25 z// }21z7-216 29~5 npU_^^ z1} z5~ 7z;[}~}8|7-{/~\
ugC[U_^^ tTI2B@:kEfgm\deFK[B
3~5 0217,
M
W00]<<X
RAWS]dX
l545;8+* k;+9:9 |: :.+ s6+4/4- g+8+354?b

Yhe Mon Ionald Ysang3 LGR3 Hhief Jxecutive3 MPXFW
Rr Ueng Vinghua3 Ieputy Iirector3 Qiaison Tffice of the Hentral Ueople.s Lovernment in the MPXFW
Yhe Mon Richael Xuen Ring4yeung3 LGX3 OU3 Xecretary for Jducation3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Gernard Hhan3 LGX3 OU3 Hhairman3 Yhe Mong Pong Houncil of Xocial Xervice
Yhe Mon Ysang Yak4sing3 OU3 Xecretary for Mome Fffairs3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Ratthew Hheung Pin4chung3 LGX3 OU3 Xecretary for Qabour and \elfare3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Rrs Harrie Qam Hheng ]uet4ngor3 OU3 Xecretary for Ievelopment 3 MPXFW
Kull details of meeting facilities for hire in the building can be obtained from the Gooking Tffice5
tel :><< >7@? :><< >7@@
fax :><< >8<<
email bmEhkfyg5org5hk
loj{k v+8</~+ h/8+~:58?

g5;49+22/4- online3 by phone3 face
to face and at schools with
:.+3|:/~ 6+|1 6+8/5* .5:2/4+9
j58 v:;*+4:9 9>>> 8889
g.8/9:3|9 g;6/*U g|8+ ,58 :.+
j|3/2?U v~.552 62|~+3+4: 9>>> ??@@
t|8+4:9 9>>> 8<=>
{5;:. g5;49+22/4- g+4:8+
tel 9>?? :;:: ycEhkfyg5org5hk
g+4:8+ ,58 m4:+84+: e**/~:/543
tel 9>?? :;;; netEhkfyg5org5hk
k|3}2/4- g5;49+22/4- g+4:8+
tel 9;=; ??>> gccEhkfyg5org5hk
g;2:;8+U 9658:9 and other 2+/9;8+

pursuits at MPK]L include a wide4
range of stimulating3 creative
activities5 Yhe youth choir3 [utm
\utm ^kruj~ ^gqkwx3 and the dance
troupe3 [utm \utm fuzyn XgtikK have
keen performers while at four
camps and outdoor activities centres
events like the multisport fuzyn
Uj{ktyzwk agik take place5
tel 9:@< <><@ lcssEhkfyg5org5hk
w.+ h8|-54 j5;4*|:/54U a sister
organization to the Kederation3 is
committed to nurturing young
Hhinese leaders for tomorrow5
Fnnual programmes include Zruhgr
Woyo*ktxnov and Xwgmut NMML
tel 9?88 9>>@
infoEdragonfoundation5net
+V9+8</~+9C websites include services

jobs3 study3 leisure and volunteering
linking us to over 9<73777 members
with e4newsletters and online
puzwtgrxL [isit www5u985hk and
www5hkfyg5org5hk for menus5
Yhe {5;:. i3625?3+4: r+:=581
1]JS2 supports with the MPK]L
]olk Vgtqotm programme in schools
and the youth employment hotline
9>>> 7:7@5 ]JS connects with youth
joining the workforce3 organizes
youth social enterprise and training
schemes like the Qabour
Iepartment.s feYcb and fuzyn
Vzxotkxx [utm \utm5 tel :88: >@@@
yenEhkfyg5org5hk
t85,+99/54|2 }5519 and series for

social workers and students are
published by MPK]L5 tel :><< >87?
cpsEhkfyg5org5hk
t|8:4+89./6 /9 |: :.+ .+|8: 5, lo{jk
i<+8?}5*? .|9 953+:./4- :5 -/<+W

s,,+8 +3625?3+4:U 9654958 | 685-8|33+W
y52;4:++8U }+~53+ | 3+4:58W
k+: /4<52<+*U ?5;R22 4+<+8 8+-8+: /:W
w5 *54|:+ 62+|9+ ;9+ :.+ ,583 54 :.+ 56659/:+ 6|-+W
:+2 [_]] _YXY 6|8:4+89./6d.1,?-W58-W.1
t|8+4:9 always seek harmony at
home and we can help them with
problems understanding children3
especially teenagers5 \e teach family
communication skills and offer
support if communication breaks
down or if conflict occurs5 tel
9;79 @9:7 parentingEhkfyg5org5hk
Y t/~z6~ 6~1} 7,-6 }21z7-21]63216256,-3 *250 :-7, <285 |5266~} |,~48~]7,~ {z1.V6 5~|~-37 72f
w,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836
tz571~56,-3 z1} u~6285|~ j~9~/230~17 s**-|~
`_]lZ w,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836 h8-/}-1+Z `_ tz. l8. u2z}Z r257, t2-17Z n21+ p21+
p+|*+89./6 ZY runs courses for

young leaders and the [utm \utm
OMM ]kgjkwxnov `wupkiy enhances social
responsibility and reinforcing
willingness to give back to the
community5 tel 98=@ 79<<
leadership98Ehkfyg5org5hk
Yhe MPK]L {5;:. y52;4:++8
r+:=581 1[SJY2 is MP.s biggest5
\ell over 8873777 registered
members provide more than half a
million voluntary service hours per
year5 [SJY organizes the [utm
\utm fuztm Ushgxxgjuw binksk3
supports Zruhgr fuzyn bkw{oik Xg~
and organizes the [kgwy yu [kgwy
`wupkiy which brings students and
corporate volunteers together5
tel 98=@ 77:9 yvnEhkfyg5org5hk
Y 2B{4AZcQ<]_kcBpy@Nd9aC
0CWqi]W`_ R0C}drOJL`_ `
0C}drOD]lOVPv1=E
gd
Tverseas and regional ?5;:.

+>~.|4-+ is organized to broaden
horizons while and ~8+|:/</:? and
science competitions encourage
inventiveness5 ]YUX 1Qearning
through Jngineering3 Frt and
Iesign2 is one good example5
{5;:. i>~.|4-+ tel :<?= ?;;?
yeEhkfyg5org5hk
pieh tel :87= 7=77
leadEhkfyg5org5hk
g8+|:/<+ i*;~|:/54 tel 9<=8 =8;@
ceEhkfyg5org5hk
Yhe MPK]L building also houses @ other

social service agencies and organizations3
taking on a distinct identity as a -centre. for
those who care for and work towards the
well4being of young people in the community5
s;:8+|~./4- v5~/|2 z581 w+|39

and Jxtended Xervices for ]oung
Sight Irifters help ?5;:. |: 8/915
Yhe ]outh Xupport Xcheme
provides counselling for young
offenders cautioned under the
Uolice Xuperintendent.s
Iiscretionary Xcheme5
v+8</~+9 ,58 ?5;4- 4/-.: *8/,:+89
tel 9>78 ??== osw4skwtsEhkfyg5org5hk
{5;:. |: u/91 v+8</~+9
tel 9;?> =8<8 osw4tk8Ehkfyg5org5hk
tel 9:@= ;>88 yssEhkfyg5org5hk
i*;~|:/54 is offered at all levels
loj{k g./4- p51 o/4*+8-|8:+49
|4* r;89+8/+9
www5hkfyg5org5hk6ncl
loj{k p++ v.|; o++ t8/3|8?
v~.552 www5lskps5edu5hk
loj{k p++ v.|; o++ g522+-+
www5hlc5edu5hk
loj{k g54:/4;5;9 p+|84/4g+4:8+
www5clc5hkfyg5org5hk
Yhe {5;:. u+9+|8~. g+4:8+
publishes high quality reports on
topical issues3 promoting
understanding of youth issues in
Mong Pong and advocating new
initiatives for youth services and
policies5 tel :><< >977
yrEhkfyg5org5hk
99 youth centres are called MPK]L ]outh XUTYs5 tel :><< >7>9 spotEhkfyg5org5hk
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ge
6=>LKC@@L
4DC;IADC 1 9EDCHDGH@AE 5DGB
w.+ l54- o54- j+*+8|:/54 5, {5;:. k85;69
OQNP
Jarlier this year the Meadquarters Guilding of the Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups opened for
operations5 Yhe 9?4storey social service complex with state4of4the4art facilities and amenities is now home
to several of our Fdministrative and Xervice Znits3 including a ]outh XUTY and a youth social enterprise
in :INb 655 Yhe official opening of the headquarters in Iecember 977? marked a major milestone5
t/~z6~ 7-|. WtX {2;~6 z6 z335235-z7~ dx`fiJ4N@VI TtT

o ] q< 25+z1-=z7-21 z0 ] -6 -17~5~67~} -1 }21z7-1+ npUyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 72 nplxm {<f
YG ] Yh\rM2nC[ yyyyyyyyyyyy MLD}rEB
0M 3GDHH>= <@>FJ> 0z}~ 3z<z{/~ 72 Tw,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836T\
i,~48~ r2\Q<Raf yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy WZcQ<wj.Uf 0C}drOX
0M 4AG>G 72 7,~ nz1+ v~1+ hz1.Z z||2817 1z0~f Tw,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836T z||2817
180{~5f dda[^`ddba[^^_ Wt/~z6~ *z; 7,~ {z1.V6 5~|~-37 72+~7,~5 :-7, 7,-6 *250 72 tz571~56,-3 z1} u~6285|~
j~9~/230~17 s**-|~ z7 adcc d_cc 25 6~1} {< 0z-/ 72 7,~ z}}5~66Y {~/2:X
cBLYO*Z_kePWRaf dda[^`ddba[^^_X@d:_kcBpy?^2B{4@K5jadcc d_cc
D]lOVPv1=E@t9aTHYboB
M
889 8;KB>CI
u~+-67~5~} 86~56 2* ttv |z1 }21z7~ 72 7,~ l~}~5z7-21 9-z z 721~ 3,21~ 25 7,~ o17~51~7\ w,~ 0~5|,z17 |2}~ *25 w,~
n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836 -6 eabc\ l25 *857,~5 }~7z-/6Z 3/~z6~ *~~/ *5~~ 72 |z// 7,~ tz571~56,-3 z1}
u~6285|~ j~9~/230~17 s**-|~ z7 adcc d_^_ ] adcc d_^`\
oH>D6[P@X@XoH>z72BL0C}drO@YOD68PbRCeabc BS;d/Y
adcc d_^_ ] adcc d_^` 0C}drOD]lOVPv1=E,UB
3G>=AI 3;G=
s1~[2** }21z7-21 2* npU
FhX2B@|m-C[
iz5} r2\
~[sRa
rz0~ 2* iz5} n2/}~5
+sGs_
:692
M 7;HI>G3;G=
25 u~+8/z5 }21z7-21 2* npU
M t |m-pSC[
k;3-5< jz7~
~[sg3A
v-+1z785~ 2* iz5} n2/}~5
+sGnQ
rz0~ 2* j2125 2BGs_f

rz0~ 2* v321625-1+ s5+z1-=z7-21 qnh\_^f
rz0~ 2* i217z|7 t~5621 lGGf
t,21~ r2\ lGYTf
lz; r2\ K5Raf
k0z-/ YIf
i255~6321}~1|~ g}}5~66 bof
rz0~ 21 5~|~-37 fgwjf
u~|~-376 :-// {~ -668~} *25 z// }21z7-216 29~5 npU_^^ z1} z5~ 7z;[}~}8|7-{/~\
ugC[U_^^ tTI2B@:kEfgm\deFK[B
3~5 0217,
M
W00]<<X
RAWS]dX
l545;8+* k;+9:9 |: :.+ s6+4/4- g+8+354?b

Yhe Mon Ionald Ysang3 LGR3 Hhief Jxecutive3 MPXFW
Rr Ueng Vinghua3 Ieputy Iirector3 Qiaison Tffice of the Hentral Ueople.s Lovernment in the MPXFW
Yhe Mon Richael Xuen Ring4yeung3 LGX3 OU3 Xecretary for Jducation3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Gernard Hhan3 LGX3 OU3 Hhairman3 Yhe Mong Pong Houncil of Xocial Xervice
Yhe Mon Ysang Yak4sing3 OU3 Xecretary for Mome Fffairs3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Ratthew Hheung Pin4chung3 LGX3 OU3 Xecretary for Qabour and \elfare3 MPXFW
Yhe Mon Rrs Harrie Qam Hheng ]uet4ngor3 OU3 Xecretary for Ievelopment 3 MPXFW
Kull details of meeting facilities for hire in the building can be obtained from the Gooking Tffice5
tel :><< >7@? :><< >7@@
fax :><< >8<<
email bmEhkfyg5org5hk
loj{k v+8</~+ h/8+~:58?

g5;49+22/4- online3 by phone3 face
to face and at schools with
:.+3|:/~ 6+|1 6+8/5* .5:2/4+9
j58 v:;*+4:9 9>>> 8889
g.8/9:3|9 g;6/*U g|8+ ,58 :.+
j|3/2?U v~.552 62|~+3+4: 9>>> ??@@
t|8+4:9 9>>> 8<=>
{5;:. g5;49+22/4- g+4:8+
tel 9>?? :;:: ycEhkfyg5org5hk
g+4:8+ ,58 m4:+84+: e**/~:/543
tel 9>?? :;;; netEhkfyg5org5hk
k|3}2/4- g5;49+22/4- g+4:8+
tel 9;=; ??>> gccEhkfyg5org5hk
g;2:;8+U 9658:9 and other 2+/9;8+

pursuits at MPK]L include a wide4
range of stimulating3 creative
activities5 Yhe youth choir3 [utm
\utm ^kruj~ ^gqkwx3 and the dance
troupe3 [utm \utm fuzyn XgtikK have
keen performers while at four
camps and outdoor activities centres
events like the multisport fuzyn
Uj{ktyzwk agik take place5
tel 9:@< <><@ lcssEhkfyg5org5hk
w.+ h8|-54 j5;4*|:/54U a sister
organization to the Kederation3 is
committed to nurturing young
Hhinese leaders for tomorrow5
Fnnual programmes include Zruhgr
Woyo*ktxnov and Xwgmut NMML
tel 9?88 9>>@
infoEdragonfoundation5net
+V9+8</~+9C websites include services

jobs3 study3 leisure and volunteering
linking us to over 9<73777 members
with e4newsletters and online
puzwtgrxL [isit www5u985hk and
www5hkfyg5org5hk for menus5
Yhe {5;:. i3625?3+4: r+:=581
1]JS2 supports with the MPK]L
]olk Vgtqotm programme in schools
and the youth employment hotline
9>>> 7:7@5 ]JS connects with youth
joining the workforce3 organizes
youth social enterprise and training
schemes like the Qabour
Iepartment.s feYcb and fuzyn
Vzxotkxx [utm \utm5 tel :88: >@@@
yenEhkfyg5org5hk
t85,+99/54|2 }5519 and series for

social workers and students are
published by MPK]L5 tel :><< >87?
cpsEhkfyg5org5hk
t|8:4+89./6 /9 |: :.+ .+|8: 5, lo{jk
i<+8?}5*? .|9 953+:./4- :5 -/<+W

s,,+8 +3625?3+4:U 9654958 | 685-8|33+W
y52;4:++8U }+~53+ | 3+4:58W
k+: /4<52<+*U ?5;R22 4+<+8 8+-8+: /:W
w5 *54|:+ 62+|9+ ;9+ :.+ ,583 54 :.+ 56659/:+ 6|-+W
:+2 [_]] _YXY 6|8:4+89./6d.1,?-W58-W.1
t|8+4:9 always seek harmony at
home and we can help them with
problems understanding children3
especially teenagers5 \e teach family
communication skills and offer
support if communication breaks
down or if conflict occurs5 tel
9;79 @9:7 parentingEhkfyg5org5hk
Y t/~z6~ 6~1} 7,-6 }21z7-21]63216256,-3 *250 :-7, <285 |5266~} |,~48~]7,~ {z1.V6 5~|~-37 72f
w,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836
tz571~56,-3 z1} u~6285|~ j~9~/230~17 s**-|~
`_]lZ w,~ n21+ p21+ l~}~5z7-21 2* x287, m52836 h8-/}-1+Z `_ tz. l8. u2z}Z r257, t2-17Z n21+ p21+
p+|*+89./6 ZY runs courses for

young leaders and the [utm \utm
OMM ]kgjkwxnov `wupkiy enhances social
responsibility and reinforcing
willingness to give back to the
community5 tel 98=@ 79<<
leadership98Ehkfyg5org5hk
Yhe MPK]L {5;:. y52;4:++8
r+:=581 1[SJY2 is MP.s biggest5
\ell over 8873777 registered
members provide more than half a
million voluntary service hours per
year5 [SJY organizes the [utm
\utm fuztm Ushgxxgjuw binksk3
supports Zruhgr fuzyn bkw{oik Xg~
and organizes the [kgwy yu [kgwy
`wupkiy which brings students and
corporate volunteers together5
tel 98=@ 77:9 yvnEhkfyg5org5hk
Y 2B{4AZcQ<]_kcBpy@Nd9aC
0CWqi]W`_ R0C}drOJL`_ `
0C}drOD]lOVPv1=E
gd
Tverseas and regional ?5;:.

+>~.|4-+ is organized to broaden
horizons while and ~8+|:/</:? and
science competitions encourage
inventiveness5 ]YUX 1Qearning
through Jngineering3 Frt and
Iesign2 is one good example5
{5;:. i>~.|4-+ tel :<?= ?;;?
yeEhkfyg5org5hk
pieh tel :87= 7=77
leadEhkfyg5org5hk
g8+|:/<+ i*;~|:/54 tel 9<=8 =8;@
ceEhkfyg5org5hk
Yhe MPK]L building also houses @ other

social service agencies and organizations3
taking on a distinct identity as a -centre. for
those who care for and work towards the
well4being of young people in the community5
s;:8+|~./4- v5~/|2 z581 w+|39

and Jxtended Xervices for ]oung
Sight Irifters help ?5;:. |: 8/915
Yhe ]outh Xupport Xcheme
provides counselling for young
offenders cautioned under the
Uolice Xuperintendent.s
Iiscretionary Xcheme5
v+8</~+9 ,58 ?5;4- 4/-.: *8/,:+89
tel 9>78 ??== osw4skwtsEhkfyg5org5hk
{5;:. |: u/91 v+8</~+9
tel 9;?> =8<8 osw4tk8Ehkfyg5org5hk
tel 9:@= ;>88 yssEhkfyg5org5hk
i*;~|:/54 is offered at all levels
loj{k g./4- p51 o/4*+8-|8:+49
|4* r;89+8/+9
www5hkfyg5org5hk6ncl
loj{k p++ v.|; o++ t8/3|8?
v~.552 www5lskps5edu5hk
loj{k p++ v.|; o++ g522+-+
www5hlc5edu5hk
loj{k g54:/4;5;9 p+|84/4g+4:8+
www5clc5hkfyg5org5hk
Yhe {5;:. u+9+|8~. g+4:8+
publishes high quality reports on
topical issues3 promoting
understanding of youth issues in
Mong Pong and advocating new
initiatives for youth services and
policies5 tel :><< >977
yrEhkfyg5org5hk
99 youth centres are called MPK]L ]outh XUTYs5 tel :><< >7>9 spotEhkfyg5org5hk
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
6KIKSHKX *}}0
6KIKSHKX *}}0
<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB
ge
6KIKSHKX *}}0

YouthHongKong Volume 1 Number 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

YouthHongKong Volume 1 Number 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

6KIKSHKX *}}0

6KIKSHKX *}}0 DUR[SK ~ @[SHKX ~

h43, k43, }425{7*~\

h8 u59|44| z54-U hfiU nt

Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

6KIKSHKX *}}0 DUR[SK ~ @[SHKX ~

h43, k43, }425{7*~\

h8 u59|44| z54-U hfiU nt

Yhe Mong Pong Kederation of ]outh Lroups

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

those under 8< and those aged 9< to :73

r m: =/22 }+ :.+ 652/:/~9 5, ?5;:.U :.+/8 <5/~+9U

56/4/549 |4* <5:+9 :.|: =/22 3|1+ | */,,+8+4~+W

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

Yo understand the challenges they face

pigeonholing them does little more than

Nn Mong Pong3 perhaps nothing illustrates

\e must be concerned about this3

r w.+ 2|~1 5, .535-+4+/:? =/:./4 :./9 -+4+8|:/54

/9 3/8858+* }? :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 :.+? 3;9: :|~12+W

circumstances5 Uersonal relationships are

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

those under 8< and those aged 9< to :73

r m: =/22 }+ :.+ 652/:/~9 5, ?5;:.U :.+/8 <5/~+9U

56/4/549 |4* <5:+9 :.|: =/22 3|1+ | */,,+8+4~+W

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

Yo understand the challenges they face

pigeonholing them does little more than

Nn Mong Pong3 perhaps nothing illustrates

\e must be concerned about this3

r w.+ 2|~1 5, .535-+4+/:? =/:./4 :./9 -+4+8|:/54

/9 3/8858+* }? :.+ ~.|22+4-+9 :.+? 3;9: :|~12+W

circumstances5 Uersonal relationships are

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

Mowever3 as the world becomes smaller through its global

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

opqyt hl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

9 Znited Sations Trganisation5 1977>25 bygyoxyoigr Uttk} + euwrj fuzyn akvuwy

Fnother factor that highlights the dilemma facing young people

\e cannot leave young people isolated in the face of such

r {5;4- 6+562+ /4 l54- o54- ,|~+ | =/*+8 6552 5, 65:+4:/|2 ~536+:/:589U

opqyt gl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

\hat young people must be aware of is that their right to be

\hile this has severe consequences for individuals3 it also has

Yhe great challenge for young people now is to find a way to

8 Nnternational Qabour Trganisation5 fuztm vkuvrk ot yujg~,x |uwrj5 Wetrieved

\hat opportunities are afforded by the easy accessibility of

\hat we have seen especially in the last few years3 is a young

Mong Pong highlights another lurking dilemma that can upset

Nt is no wonder then that Mong Pong.s reputation and inner

Flthough the vast opportunities offered by high4tech

Xource of Yables 8 and 9A Znited Sations3 Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial

< ZS Iepartment of Jconomic and Xocial Fffairs3 Iivision for Xustainable

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

Mowever3 as the world becomes smaller through its global

<HMLC 7HGB 9HGB

opqyt hl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

9 Znited Sations Trganisation5 1977>25 bygyoxyoigr Uttk} + euwrj fuzyn akvuwy

Fnother factor that highlights the dilemma facing young people

\e cannot leave young people isolated in the face of such

r {5;4- 6+562+ /4 l54- o54- ,|~+ | =/*+8 6552 5, 65:+4:/|2 ~536+:/:589U

opqyt gl m|{v n|{v r|z}p~ts u|~

\hat young people must be aware of is that their right to be

d4 >4: 9-.30 9-.8 .8 { }-.}03 {3~ ,, 5-342343_ w-7 9-*

d4 >4: 9-.30 9-.8 .8 { }-.}03 {3~ ,, 5-342343_ w-7 9-*

i8 9-7 {3>9-.3, <* }{3 ~4 34< 94 -15 9-{9 574}88_

i8 9-7 {3>9-.3, <* }{3 ~4 34< 94 -15 9-{9 574}88_

d>3{2.} }.9.8N 8:}- {8 b./.3,N s-{3,-{.N

a1973{9.;8 {7* :3~7 }148 8}7:9.3> |>

m{3> 4+ 9-* 23 .3 9- <{;* 4+ 2{3:{1

9{139 +742 4;78{8 {3~ 9- 2{.31{3~P

t-.8 2{38 2{=.2.8.3, 455479:3.9.8 +47

}439.3:~ 43 3=9 5{,*PPP

d>3{2.} }.9.8N 8:}- {8 b./.3,N s-{3,-{.N

a1973{9.;8 {7* :3~7 }148 8}7:9.3> |>