Professional Documents
Culture Documents
f
o
u
r
m
o
n
t
h
s
R
E
M
A
R
K
S
W
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
t
a
f
f
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
R
C
s
a
n
d
C
B
C
,
t
h
e
r
e
w
ill
b
e
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
t
o
id
e
n
t
if
y
w
h
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
H
R
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
w
ill
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
ly
,
s
in
c
e
u
n
lik
e
t
h
e
c
it
ie
s
a
n
d
b
o
r
o
u
g
h
s
e
x
c
e
p
t
C
h
a
g
u
a
n
a
s
,
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
r
e
la
t
e
d
ir
e
c
t
ly
t
o
t
h
e
P
u
b
lic
S
e
r
v
ic
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
t
h
e
in
t
e
n
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
P
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
o
f
M
C
A
;
N
e
e
d
s
a
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
in
s
t
it
u
t
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
;
e
x
is
t
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
ls
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
v
a
ls
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
H
R
u
n
it
s
in
C
it
y
a
n
d
B
o
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
,
H
R
m
a
n
u
a
ls
.
7
.
A
R
E
A
O
F
F
O
C
U
S
/
I
S
S
U
E
A
C
T
I
O
N
T
O
B
E
U
N
D
E
R
T
A
K
E
N
T
h
e
is
s
u
in
g
o
f
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
ia
l
o
r
M
in
is
t
e
r
ia
l
O
r
d
e
r
s
a
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
b
y
c
e
r
t
a
in
s
e
c
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
O
n
e
P
la
n
n
in
g
O
f
f
ic
e
r
I
t
o
b
e
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
e
a
c
h
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
.
T
o
id
e
n
t
if
y
t
h
o
s
e
s
e
c
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
,
t
h
a
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
a
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
ia
l
O
r
d
e
r
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
d
is
c
h
a
r
g
e
o
f
a
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
o
r
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
;
a
n
d
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
r
a
f
t
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
ia
l
O
r
d
e
r
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
o
v
a
l
o
f
c
a
b
in
e
t
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
ia
l
L
e
g
a
l
N
o
t
ic
e
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
c
is
io
n
o
f
C
a
b
in
e
t
t
o
a
p
p
o
in
t
o
n
e
P
la
n
n
in
g
O
f
f
ic
e
r
I
p
e
r
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
.
j
U
S
T
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
I
B
I
L
-
I
T
Y
C
E
N
T
R
E
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
t
h
a
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
is
s
u
in
g
o
f
a
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
ia
l
O
r
d
e
r
o
r
M
in
is
t
e
r
ia
l
O
r
d
e
r
a
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
a
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
t
o
le
g
it
im
a
t
e
ly
/
le
g
a
lly
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
c
e
r
t
a
in
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
s
.
E
x
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
s
a
r
e
:
S
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
3
2
(
f
)
,
o
t
h
e
r
p
u
b
lic
s
p
a
c
e
s
a
s
t
h
e
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
m
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
im
e
t
o
t
im
e
b
y
O
r
d
e
r
p
r
e
s
c
r
ib
e
;
2
3
2
(
h
)
t
h
e
m
a
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
r
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
s
t
a
t
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
(
b
u
ild
in
g
s
)
a
s
t
h
e
M
in
is
t
e
r
t
o
w
h
o
m
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
io
n
a
n
d
m
a
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
s
is
a
s
s
ig
n
e
d
m
a
y
b
y
O
r
d
e
r
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
e
t
c
)
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
t
h
e
P
e
n
a
l
D
e
b
e
R
C
lo
s
t
a
c
a
s
e
in
t
h
e
H
ig
h
C
o
u
r
t
p
e
r
t
a
in
in
g
t
o
t
h
e
o
c
c
u
p
a
t
io
n
o
f
a
b
u
ild
in
g
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
n
O
r
d
e
r
in
a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e
w
it
h
2
3
2
(
h
)
.
T
h
is
is
a
d
e
c
is
io
n
o
f
C
a
b
in
e
t
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
f
u
lly
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
M
L
G
.
I
t
w
a
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
io
n
(
in
t
e
r
im
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
)
o
f
t
h
e
S
o
o
g
r
im
C
o
m
m
it
t
e
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
(
1
9
9
6
)
o
n
t
h
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
P
S
/
L
e
g
a
l
U
n
it
in
c
o
lla
b
o
r
a
t
io
n
w
it
h
M
in
is
t
r
y
o
f
W
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
r
H
o
u
s
in
g
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
le
v
a
n
t
M
in
is
t
r
ie
s
.
P
S
/
H
R
in
c
o
n
s
u
lt
a
t
io
n
w
it
h
D
ir
e
c
t
o
r
,
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
R
e
la
t
io
n
s
(
D
M
C
R
)
a
n
d
C
E
O
s
.
T
I
M
E
F
R
A
M
E
S
ix
m
o
n
t
h
s
-
o
n
e
y
e
a
r
T
w
o
w
e
e
k
s
-
o
n
e
m
o
n
t
h
R
E
M
A
R
K
S
T
h
is
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
is
a
t
e
d
io
u
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
a
n
d
r
e
q
u
ir
e
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
c
h
a
m
p
io
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
M
in
u
t
e
w
a
s
p
a
s
s
e
d
b
y
C
a
b
in
e
t
s
in
c
e
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
m
id
1
9
9
0
s
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
a
b
o
u
t
.
T
h
e
r
e
le
v
a
n
t
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
t
h
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
is
p
o
s
it
io
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
t
r
e
a
t
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
d
d
it
io
n
t
o
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
v
e
d
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
w
h
e
r
e
s
u
c
h
e
x
is
t
e
d
.
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
;
in
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
o
f
s
t
a
t
e
b
u
ild
in
g
s
a
s
id
e
n
t
if
ie
d
;
S
u
r
v
e
y
r
e
o
w
n
e
r
s
h
ip
a
n
d
v
a
lu
a
t
io
n
s
m
a
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
.
R
e
le
v
a
n
t
C
a
b
in
e
t
M
in
u
t
e
,
a
v
a
ila
b
ilit
y
o
f
o
f
f
ic
e
s
p
a
c
e
/
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
t
io
n
a
t
M
C
s
.
8
.
9
.
4
4
P
O
L
I
C
Y
O
N
L
O
C
A
L
G
O
V
E
R
N
M
E
N
T
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
A
N
D
M
O
D
E
R
N
I
S
A
T
I
O
N
4
5
P
O
L
I
C
Y
O
N
L
O
C
A
L
G
O
V
E
R
N
M
E
N
T
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
A
N
D
M
O
D
E
R
N
I
S
A
T
I
O
N
A
R
E
A
O
F
F
O
C
U
S
/
I
S
S
U
E
A
C
T
I
O
N
T
O
B
E
U
N
D
E
R
T
A
K
E
N
T
h
e
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
p
la
n
n
in
g
u
n
it
s
(
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
F
a
c
ilit
a
t
io
n
o
f
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
U
n
it
s
)
in
M
C
s
.
P
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
io
n
f
o
r
r
e
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
c
o
lle
c
t
io
n
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
is
t
r
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
H
o
u
s
e
R
a
t
e
.
T
o
id
e
n
t
if
y
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
is
a
t
io
n
a
l,
h
u
m
a
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
u
c
h
u
n
it
s
in
a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
a
n
d
(
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
F
a
c
ilit
a
t
io
n
o
f
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
)
B
ill.
T
o
id
e
n
t
if
y
in
s
t
it
u
t
io
n
a
l/
o
r
g
a
n
is
a
t
io
n
a
l/
H
u
m
a
n
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
r
e
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
c
o
lle
c
t
io
n
o
f
H
o
u
s
e
r
a
t
e
b
y
c
it
ie
s
a
n
d
b
o
r
o
u
g
h
s
a
n
d
in
it
ia
t
e
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
a
m
e
.
j
U
S
T
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
I
B
I
L
-
I
T
Y
C
E
N
T
R
E
I
t
is
w
is
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
e
n
c
e
t
h
is
a
c
t
iv
it
y
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
a
d
ju
s
t
m
e
n
t
s
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
ly
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
w
a
it
u
n
t
il
t
h
e
B
ill
is
p
a
s
s
e
d
a
n
d
e
n
a
c
t
e
d
in
t
o
la
w
.
T
h
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
P
o
lic
y
is
t
o
r
e
v
e
r
t
t
o
t
h
e
H
o
u
s
e
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
L
a
n
d
a
n
d
B
u
ild
in
g
T
a
x
e
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
a
t
e
x
is
t
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
p
a
s
s
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
T
a
x
A
c
t
,
2
0
0
9
.
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
ia
t
e
d
r
a
f
t
B
ills
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
r
e
in
s
e
r
t
P
a
r
t
V
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
a
m
e
n
d
m
e
n
t
s
t
o
V
a
lu
a
t
io
n
o
f
L
a
n
d
A
c
t
,
e
t
c
;
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
m
a
y
b
e
la
id
in
P
a
r
lia
m
e
n
t
in
d
u
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
.
P
S
/
M
a
n
.
R
e
g
io
n
a
l
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
in
a
b
le
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
H
R
U
n
it
in
c
o
n
s
u
lt
a
t
io
n
w
it
h
M
in
is
t
r
y
o
f
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
in
a
b
le
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
M
C
s
.
C
E
O
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
M
C
s
in
c
o
lla
b
o
r
a
t
io
n
w
it
h
P
S
,
B
I
R
a
n
d
V
a
lu
a
t
io
n
D
iv
is
io
n
.
T
I
M
E
F
R
A
M
E
F
o
u
r
-
n
in
e
m
o
n
t
h
s
T
h
r
e
e
-
f
iv
e
m
o
n
t
h
s
R
E
M
A
R
K
S
T
h
e
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
ilo
t
p
r
o
je
c
t
in
v
o
lv
in
g
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
o
f
S
p
a
in
C
it
y
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
,
t
h
e
S
a
n
F
e
r
n
a
n
d
o
C
it
y
a
n
d
T
u
n
a
p
u
n
a
/
P
ia
r
c
o
R
e
g
io
n
a
l
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
a
c
ilit
a
t
e
t
h
is
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
s
u
b
je
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
v
e
d
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
F
a
c
ilit
a
t
io
n
o
f
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
A
c
t
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
je
c
t
io
n
is
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
c
o
lle
c
t
io
n
w
ill
b
e
g
in
in
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
3
.
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
a
n
d
(
P
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
F
a
c
ilit
a
t
io
n
o
f
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
)
B
ill/
A
c
t
;
G
a
p
a
n
a
ly
s
is
;
in
s
t
it
u
t
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
t
M
C
s
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
o
f
D
r
a
f
t
a
m
e
n
d
m
e
n
t
B
ill
t
o
M
C
A
;
r
e
in
s
t
it
u
t
io
n
o
f
P
a
r
t
V
o
f
M
C
A
;
N
e
e
d
s
a
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
e
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
lle
c
t
io
n
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
is
t
r
a
t
io
n
o
f
H
o
u
s
e
R
a
t
e
;
N
o
t
e
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
t
o
b
e
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
f
o
r
C
a
b
in
e
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
B
ill
is
p
a
s
s
e
d
in
t
o
L
a
w
(
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
A
c
t
)
.
1
0
.
1
1
.
A
R
E
A
O
F
F
O
C
U
S
/
I
S
S
U
E
A
C
T
I
O
N
T
O
B
E
U
N
D
E
R
T
A
K
E
N
V
a
c
a
n
c
ie
s
in
t
h
e
in
t
e
r
im
o
r
g
a
n
is
a
t
io
n
a
l
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
P
o
lic
e
in
R
C
s
a
n
d
C
B
C
.
1
2
.
1
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
P
o
lic
e
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
T
a
k
e
t
h
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
s
t
e
p
s
t
o
f
ill
a
ll
v
a
c
a
n
c
ie
s
in
t
h
e
in
t
e
r
im
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
P
o
lic
e
in
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
R
C
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
C
B
C
.
T
o
s
u
b
m
it
t
h
e
d
r
a
f
t
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
P
o
lic
e
f
o
r
C
a
b
in
e
t
s
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
ia
l
c
o
n
f
ir
m
a
t
io
n
.
j
U
S
T
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
I
B
I
L
-
I
T
Y
C
E
N
T
R
E
T
h
e
S
o
o
g
r
im
C
o
m
m
it
t
e
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
1
9
9
6
h
a
d
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
a
n
in
t
e
r
im
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
1
4
O
f
f
ic
e
r
s
-
o
n
e
I
n
s
p
e
c
t
o
r
,
o
n
e
S
e
r
g
e
a
n
t
,
t
w
o
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
ls
a
n
d
t
e
n
C
o
n
s
t
a
b
le
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
C
s
a
n
d
C
B
C
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
f
u
ll
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
in
s
o
m
e
c
a
s
e
s
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
s
ix
o
f
f
ic
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
n
a
t
u
r
a
lly
n
e
g
a
t
iv
e
ly
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
iv
e
d
is
c
h
a
r
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
,
o
p
e
r
a
t
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
r
e
la
t
e
d
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
a
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
e
c
t
io
n
s
6
0
&
6
1
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
P
S
/
H
R
U
n
it
in
c
o
lla
b
o
r
a
t
io
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
P
u
b
lic
S
e
r
v
ic
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
(
P
S
C
)
,
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
e
r
o
f
P
o
lic
e
a
n
d
R
C
s
a
n
d
C
B
C
.
P
S
-
H
M
/
C
a
b
in
e
t
/
P
r
e
s
id
e
n
t
T
I
M
E
F
R
A
M
E
T
h
r
e
e
-
s
ix
m
o
n
t
h
s
O
n
e
-
t
h
r
e
e
m
o
n
t
h
s
R
E
M
A
R
K
S
T
h
is
is
a
c
o
lla
b
o
r
a
t
iv
e
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
a
r
t
ie
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
in
is
t
r
y
.
T
h
e
M
in
is
t
r
y
s
h
o
u
ld
p
la
y
a
le
a
d
in
g
r
o
le
s
in
c
e
it
h
a
s
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
ie
n
c
e
o
f
a
s
im
ila
r
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
in
2
0
0
3
.
I
n
t
h
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
t
h
e
p
o
lic
in
g
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
n
e
e
d
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
in
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
p
o
p
u
la
t
io
n
s
iz
e
a
n
d
d
e
n
s
it
y
,
h
o
u
s
in
g
s
e
t
t
le
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
n
t
/
s
c
o
p
e
o
f
s
o
c
ia
l
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ic
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
ia
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
ia
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
c
r
im
e
s
t
a
t
is
t
ic
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
lle
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
d
a
t
a
s
u
c
h
a
s
ju
v
e
n
ile
d
e
lin
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
e
t
c
.
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
e
d
.
T
h
is
w
ill
e
n
a
b
le
e
a
c
h
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
t
o
m
a
t
c
h
it
s
p
o
lic
e
s
e
r
v
ic
e
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
m
e
n
t
t
o
it
s
n
e
e
d
s
.
S
e
c
t
io
n
6
0
o
f
t
h
e
M
C
A
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
p
p
lic
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
o
lic
e
S
e
r
v
ic
e
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
m
a
d
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
P
o
lic
e
S
e
r
v
ic
e
A
c
t
,
m
u
t
a
t
i
s
m
u
t
a
n
d
i
s
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
n
e
v
e
r
d
o
n
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
u
n
ic
ip
a
l
p
o
lic
e
h
a
d
a
c
o
u
r
t
r
u
lin
g
in
t
h
e
ir
f
a
v
o
u
r
in
a
lit
ig
a
t
io
n
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
t
h
e
C
P
O
p
e
r
t
a
in
in
g
t
o
a
p
p
lic
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
llo
w
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
a
s
t
h
e
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
P
o
lic
e
.
T
h
e
c
a
s
e
w
a
s
a
p
p
e
a
le
d
b
y
t
h
e
C
P
O
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
w
e
r
e
d
e
e
m
e
d
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
.
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
P
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
o
f
P
a
r
t
1
1
1
o
f
M
C
A
,
1
9
9
0
,
a
s
a
m
e
n
d
e
d
;
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
it
in
e
r
a
r
y
o
f
a
c
t
iv
it
ie
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
f
o
r
r
e
c
r
u
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
r
a
in
in
g
o
f
p
o
lic
e
o
f
f
ic
e
r
s
;
T
r
a
in
in
g
V
e
n
u
e
(
s
)
e
t
c
.
D
r
a
f
t
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
/
P
o
lic
e
S
e
r
v
ic
e
r
e
g
u
la
t
io
n
s
/
in
p
u
t
/
c
o
m
m
e
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
e
r
o
f
P
o
lic
e
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
S
e
r
v
ic
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
1
2
.
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
4
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
47
APPendiX iv
A very pleasant good day to one and all.
It is my great honour to be part of this Local Government Conference organised by the
Commonwealth Local Government Forum, hosted by Cardiff City Council and supported
by the Welsh Assembly Government.
I also take notice of and commend the work of the CLGF in terms of its support for local
government in the Caribbean Region and as well its support for strengthening national
and regional institutions such as CALGA and the Caribbean Forum of Local Government
Ministers.
I also welcome the forthcoming Caribbean
Local Economic Development Project. The
programme as I understand it will be taken
forward by the Federation of Canadian
Municipalities and CLGF with regional
partners, and will focus on strengthening
local governments role in local economic
development.
As Prime Minister, I understand the
importance of local government, having had
first hand experience. I began my political
career in local government as an Alderman
in the Siparia County Council.
When we speak of local government,
inevitably we speak of local democracy, of
participation in local governance, of self-
determination in the developmental affairs
of a particular region.
This particular local government conference,
while it is Commonwealth based, comes at
a time when:
1) Our Commonwealth sister in New
Zealand is recovering from the effects
of a severe earthquake in Christchurch.
2) Japan, has been affected by the third
largest earthquake on record, followed
by the tragic effects of a tsunami and
are now trying to cope with the fallout
from the meltdown of the nuclear
reactor.
3) All this whilst the world looks on in with
great interest and anticipation at the
evolving situation in the Mid-Eastern
countries and in Northern Africa,
where the demand for democratic
practices and freedom to participate
in the modes of governance are being
demanded, and where people are
prepared to die to achieve this.
Address by Honourable Kamla Persad Bissessar, Prime
Minister of Trinidad and Tobago as Commonwealth Chair-
in-offce to Commonwealth Local Government Conference
Energising Local Economies: Partnerships for Prosperous
Economies
Date: Tuesday 15th March, 2011
Location: City Hall, Cardiff, Uk
Rt Hon. Carwyn Jones, AM, The Frst Mnster o WaIes
Hon. HazeI Jenkns, Premer o the Northern Cape Provnce
Mnsters o LocaI Government
Mayor Zenada Moya-FIowers, CLGF Charperson
Memoers o the CLGF Board
$ecretares GeneraI o the CommonweaIth and the CLGF
CouncIIors
Dstngushed Lades and GentIemen
___________________________________________________________
Pms Address to CommonWeALth
LoCAL Government ConFerenCe
Wherever people are alienated from the process by which the
structures for their governance are determined and wherever they
do not participate in the determination of those structures there is
likely to be alienation, a loss of community energy and frustration
leading to conflict.
The flight/fight syndrome becomes a real possibility.
When people are allowed to create a shared destiny, they work
harder to achieve it and also to protect and sustain it.
A truer sense of ownership is developed in individuals who are
part of such a process. It is then that prosperity becomes a real
possibility. I believe that peace and stability whether at a community
level or at the level of nations will best be promoted and served
wherever people have the opportunity to participate in the affairs
that relate to the way they are governed. In this regard, we must
also develop a consensus based approach to the use of resources
and in the determination of developmental strategies.
Local government fulfils this demand.
The autocratic driven styles of governance are inconsistent with
the values of people living in a freedom driven democratic values
based world.
It is my considered view that local government is not only one of the
best examples of democracy in action but also it has the potential
to unite communities around a shared vision and mission.
In this way, and through the opportunity it provides for consensus
building communications, elevated to a national level, it serves as
a model for peace among people.
It is for this reason in particular that local authorities must be given
the material and human resources to effect community agreed
programs of work.
The demise of local government in all parts of the world has
had much to do with the indifference of Central Governments to
delegate real authority to local government bodies.
Across the globe, there is a crying need to move from the rhetoric
of empowerment to the active strategies to effect empowered local
authorities.
I am certain that this matter will once again engage your attention
at this conference. It will not happen, however, unless leaders are
committed to a philosophy of shared governance.
The alternative to shared governance and empowered communities
will be internal conflicts and de-energized communities.
Energizing local economies and creating partnerships for
prosperous communities requires therefore a fundamental shift in
the philosophy for governance particularly at the Central Level.
In this regard, local government cannot be regarded as an
appendage to the structures for governance.
It has to be integral to governance and must be based on mutual
respect and collaboration.
The building of prosperous communities depends on the sacrifice
and commitment of the people.
People are more likely to provide that commitment and make
the sacrifices if they have a say and are treated with respect and
dignity.
The Commonwealth Secretariat might well want to consider a
Commonwealth wide study on local government best practices in
order to determine what might be the characteristics of an effective
local governance model.
I have always recognized partnering as important for community
prosperity and an energized economy and as such have dubbed
my government a Peoples Partnership Government.
It is a coalition of five parties including labour.
At the last general elections on May 24 2010, it secured a
Constitutional majority of 29 seats out of a total of 41 contested.
It reflected the participation of the youths who often represent the
disenchanted. More significantly, at the local government elections
two months later on July 26th 2010, it secured 11 out of the 14
local government corporations, when prior to that the opposition
had only five.
I am of the firm belief that the philosophy of inclusion and partnership
was the basis for such unprecedented success.
The belief that people have the right to be masters of their destinies
and to organize the affairs of their communities so as to experience
the best quality of life is at the heart of our Philosophy for Local
Government.
We believe that what people create they appreciate, they protect
and they grow.
We believe that one of the best ways to energize the creativity and
commitment of a community is by inviting their participation in the
way they are governed.
Ideas are not only the property of the elected leaders.
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
48
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
4
Nation building requires vision and ideas, human and capital
resources but it also requires, most of all, the hearts and minds of
the people and their commitment to the vision.
True nation building will ensure that the ethos and cultural
consciousness that defines the local communities, and from
which its energy and uniqueness are derived, will be preserved
and enhanced through the process of wide participation in local
governance.
We actively promote collaboration with the local communities in
the development of the vision for the specific communities. We
must in addition invite the active participation of the people in
the realization of the vision thereby creating commitment and
ownership.
In this way we will build a community of leaders who will
demonstrate responsibility, servant centred leadership behaviours
and a passion to inspire and empower others.
Local Government representation would therefore mean the
representation of the views and interests of all to ensure that
there is consensus with respect to decision making. It is the will to
implement such programmes that will make us a nation that is an
exemplar to the world of utilizing diversity for our local and national
advantage. We believe that there is a fundamental difference
between government and governance. I wish to state categorically
that while it is the role of government to arrange the structures and
resources to ensure the peaceful progress of society and meet the
basic needs of the citizens other utilitarian comforts, governance
should also reflect how the people are mobilized to contribute and
the values that underlie government and the quality of life derived
thereof.
We believe that the task of Local Government Corporations is
more than just to provide goods and facilities important and vital
as they may be.
We believe that the task of Local Government is to provide
leadership of locality to energize the people and other civic
organizations so as to provide benefits for all.
When you carefully examine the functions of local government
authorities whether in the developed or underdeveloped
Commonwealth the conclusion is inevitable as to the importance
of the contribution of local government to both the standard of life
and the standard of living.
Can you imagine what life would be like if basic functions like
garbage collection and disposal, maintenance of parks and
recreation facilities, management of public health, regulation of
traffic and the regulation of building codes amongst other functions
are not efficiently administered.
Local Government is truly government for the people, of the
people and by the people. In the more developed countries of
the Commonwealth the scope of local government activities
and the scale would necessarily differ compared to developing
Commonwealth countries.
We will all agree, however, that we cannot do without local
government. The physical nearness of local government
representatives to the problems of local communities and as well
their ability to mobilize the local communities provide for faster
responses and solutions, as well as building commitment.
Oftentimes this is not possible with the same efficiency at the level
of central government.
Besides this, the prosperity of a community is not only measured
by economics and material wealth but also by the spirit of the
community, its resourcefulness, its camaraderie, its ability to
recognize, celebrate and care for its members, and its sense of
ownership.
This is local government in action.
This is the soul of local government.
It is for reasons like these that a more determined effort must be
made to energize local government.
In my own country, I intend to achieve this by effecting the
following:
Giving Constitutional protection to Local Government
Increasing the financial resources available to local
government authorities, and even allowing some level of
borrowing for special projects.
Providing state financed offices for local government
representatives so as to impact upon more effective
representation
Examining functions which are now managed by Central
Government and delegating these to local government given
the affinity of the function to local communities
Creation of full time local government representatives
Construction of town halls in every district and utilizing them
for regular town meetings
Increasing the involvement of NGOs in the work of the local
authorities especially social service delivery.
Training of local representatives in management and
leadership skills, as well as skills related to the organization of
people and communities.
Formulating national budgets with greater inputs from local
communities thus creating a needs driven and needs fulfilment
model of governance. Local government must be assisted to
fulfil a primary mandate which is people centred development.
AND
The election of three special representatives in each local
authority, via, male and female youth representatives and a
representative for women and children.
I am of the view that in my country these are changes which will
bring about a more empowered local government authority which
will also be more responsive to current issues and create wider
participation of young people in public governance.
Central Governments must not be wary of the power of local
authorities.
In Westminster systems of government local authorities could be
controlled by a different political party.
This sometimes creates serious governance difficulties.
It could derail the will of certain communities.
This is a real issue and one which the CLGF might wish to address
during the course of these deliberations.
The theme of the Commonwealth celebrations this year is Women
as Agents of Change. And I intend to encourage fellow leaders
across the Commonwealth to actively promote greater participation
of women in the affairs of all levels of government. The CLGF
Board may want to emulate Australia and dedicate 2012 as the
year of women in local government.
Participation in decision making by women at the local level is an
important step in the empowerment of women, since there are so
many issues which affect women that need to be addressed at the
local level.
Issues like housing, paediatric services at local health centers,
school transport and daycare for young children. All of these and
more though national in scope are also very much local government
issues.
In the Commonwealth there is an immediate need to deal with the
high percentage of women and girls who are not schooled especially
since so much of the Commonwealth remains underdeveloped.
We now have global evidence that demonstrates that women
with even the minimum of primary and secondary education have
healthier children because they have learnt about sanitation,
nutrition, disease, and access to healthcare.
And we also know that educated women spend more of the
household income to educate their children, with the hope of giving
them a better future.
Yet, at present, across the Commonwealth and globally, some 54
per cent of girls do not have access to a primary education, and
women account for two thirds of those who cannot read or write.
In many countries, significant numbers of women have never
attended school: 67% of women in Pakistan, 55% in Malawi, over
50% in Bangladesh and Maldives, and 45 % in Tanzania.
I welcome the close working relationship between CLGF and
the Commonwealth Secretariat. I note the strong commitment
that the Commonwealth places on human rights and democracy
and acknowledge the affirmation of CLGFs Aberdeen Agenda:
Commonwealth principles on good practice for local democracy
and good governance by Commonwealth Heads of Government at
their last meeting in Trinidad and Tobago in November 2009.
I take this opportunity to wish you all success and through these
deliberations may we create more prosperous communities across
the Commonwealth.
I thank you.
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
50
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
51
A WALk throUGh time:
A historiCAL PersPeCtive on LoCAL Govt
in trinidAd & tobAGo
CeLebrAtinG 50 yrs: kids dAy 2012
imAGe GALLery
CeLebrAtinG 50 yrs:
tALent shoW
emAnCiPAtion dAy
CeLebrAtinG 50 yrs:
Cook oFF
eid-UL-Fitr CeLebrAtions
POLICY ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNISATION
52
mAP & direCtory oF mUniCiPAL CorPorAtions
ARIMA BOROUGH CORPORATION
CHAGUANAS BOROUGH CORPORATION
COUVA/TABAQUITE/TALPARO
REGIONAL CORPORATION
PORT OF SPAIN CITY CORPORATION
PRINCES TOWN REGIONAL CORPORATION
SAN FERNANDO CITY CORPORATION
SANGRE GRANDE REGIONAL CORPORATION
SAN JUAN/LAVENTILLE REGIONAL
CORPORATION
SIPARIA REGIONAL CORPORATION
TUNAPUNA/PIARCO REGIONAL CORPORATION
DIEGO MARTIN REGIONAL CORPORATION
MAYARO/RIO CLARO REGIONAL
CORPORATION
PENAL/DEBE REGIONAL CORPORATION
POINT FORTIN BOROUGH CORPORATION
ADDRESS: Cumberbatch Street, Chaguanas
PH: 665-5320 / 5351
FAX: 671-7757
EMAIL: secretariat_cbc@live.com OR
mayorchag2010@yahoo.com
ADDRESS: Hoseins Mall, High Street, Princes Town
PHONE: 655-2239 / 2416 / 2417 FAX: 655-9280
EMAIL: princorp@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: Ramdass Street, Sangre Grande
PHONE: 668-2461 / 2488 / 3111 / 376-5014
FAX: 668-2942 EMAIL: sgrc@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: High Street, Siparia
PHONE: 649-2334 / 2348 / 2349 FAX: 649-2435 / 9882
EMAIL: srclg@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: Orchid Drive, Petit Valley
PHONE: 637-2204 / 5 or 637-8115
FAX: 637-8072
EMAIL: dmartin1@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: Hosein Building (next to Cindys Bakery),
218 S.S. Erin Road, Debe
PHONE: 647-6302 / 3873 FAX: 647-6302 / 3873
EMAIL: pdrc@pdrctt.com
ADDRESS: Railway Road, Couva
PHONE: 636-1872
FAX: 636-9161 / 1717
EMAIL: cttrc@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: Naparima Mayaro Road, Rio Claro
PHONE: 644-2261 / 3760 FAX: 644-2796
EMAIL: mrcrctt@gmail.com
ADDRESS: Town Hall, George Road, Point Fortin
PHONE: 648-2868 / 2124 FAX: 648-4424 / 0718
EMAIL: pfbc@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: 8 Hollis Avenue, Arima
PHONE: 667-3508 / 3435 / 4319
FAX: 667-1010 / 4812
EMAIL: arimaborough@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: City Hall, Knox Street, Port of Spain
PHONE: 624-4292 FAX: 623-1125
EMAIL: citycorp@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: City Hall, Harris Promenade, San Fernando
PHONE: 652-2543-7 / 653-2856 or 652-3205 / 6919
FAX: 653-9376 EMAIL: sfcc@tstt.net.tt
ADDRESS: Centenary Street, Tunapuna
PHONE: 662-1537 / 645-8772 FAX: 662-1612/4214
EMAIL: tprc_localgovtt@hotmail.com
ADDRESS: MTS Plaza, Aranguez Main Rd., Aranguez
PHONE: 675-0255 / 0280 FAX: 638-4470
EMAIL: sjlrc@tstt.net.tt
ARIMA BOROUGH
CORPORATION
CHAGUANAS BOROUGH
CORPORATION
COUVA/TABAQUITE/TALPARO
REGIONAL CORPORATION
PORT OF SPAIN CITY
CORPORATION
PRINCES TOWN REGIONAL
CORPORATION
SAN FERNANDO
CITY CORPORATION
SANGRE GRANDE REGIONAL
CORPORATION
SAN JUAN/LAVENTILLE
REGIONAL CORPORATION
SIPARIA REGIONAL
CORPORATION
TUNAPUNA/PIARCO REGIONAL
CORPORATION
DIEGO MARTIN REGIONAL
CORPORATION
MAYARO/RIO CLARO
REGIONAL CORPORATION
PENAL/DEBE
REGIONAL CORPORATION
POINT FORTIN BOROUGH
CORPORATION
52