2007 H2 Mathematics Paper 1 Possible Solutions

1)

2 2 19
2 4 21

1
=
.
2 + 3 + 2
2 + 3 + 2
Hence, without using a calculator, solve the inequality
2 2 19
>1
2 + 3 + 2
Show that

[1]

[4]

(2 2 19) ( 2 + 3 + 2)
2 2 19

1
=
2 + 3 + 2
2 + 3 + 2
2
2 19 2 3 2
=
2 + 3 + 2
2 4 21
= 2
+ 3 + 2
2 2 19
>1
2 + 3 + 2
2 2 19
1>0
2 + 3 + 2
2 4 21
>0
2 + 3 + 2
( 7)( + 3)
>0
( + 1)( + 2)

( 7)( + 3)
( + 1)2 ( + 3)2 > 0
( + 1)( + 2)
( 7)( + 3)( + 1)( + 2) > 0

x
2 1

{: , < 3 or 2 < < 1 or > 7}

2)

Function f and g are defined by

i)

ii)
i)

1
for , 3
3
2
g: for
f:

Only one of the composite functions fg and fg exists. Give a definition (including the
domain) of the composite that exists, and explain why the other composite does not
[3]
exists.
1 ()
1
[3]
Find f
and state the domain of f .

f()
= (, )\{0}

= [0, )

Since = (, ) \{0} = (, ), therefore gf exist.

1
gf:
for , 3
( 3)2

Since = [0, ) = (, )\{3}, therefore fg doesnt exist.

ii)

1
=
3
1
= 3

1
= + 3

f 1 :

1
+ 3 for , 0

g()

3)

a)
b)

Sketch, on an Argnd diagram,,the locus of points representing the complex number

[3]
such that | + 2 3i| = 13
The complex number is such that + 2 = 3 + 4i, where is the complex
conjugate of . Find in the form + i, where and are real.
[4]

a)
The locus of | + 2 3i| = 13 is a circle centre at (2,3) and radius 13.

13 = 22 + 32

b)
= + i
= i

+ 2 = 3 + 4i
( + i)( i) + 2( + i) = 3 + 4i
2 i + i + 2 + 2 + i2 = 3 + 4i
2 + 2 + 2 + i2 = 3 + 4i

Comparing real and imaginary,

2 = 4 = 2
2 + 2 + 2 = 3
2 + 2 + 22 = 3
2 + 2 + 1 = 0
( + 1)2 = 0
= 1

Using the GC to check

4)

The current in an electric current at time satisfies the differential equation

4 = 2 3.

Find in terms of , given that = 2 when = 0.

State what happens to the current in this circuit for large value of
4

= 2 3.

4
= 1
2 3
4
3
= 1

3 2 3
3
3

=
4
2 3
3
ln|2 3| = +
4
3
|2 3| = 4+

|2 3| = 4
3

2 3 = 4 , = > 0

Since = 0 is a solution to the d.e,

When = 0, = 2

2 3 = 4 ,
2 6 = 0
= 4

Therefore

2 3 = 4 4
3
2
= 1 + 2 4
3

As , 4 0, . Therefore the current approach the value .

3

[6]
[1]

5)

Show that the equation y =

2x + 7
B
can be written as y = A +
, where and are
x+2
x+2

constants to be found. Hence state a sequence of transformations which transform the

1
2x + 7
to the graph of y =
.
x
x+2
2x + 7
Sketch the graph of y =
, giving the equations of any asymptotes and the
x+2
graph of y =

coordinates of any points of intersection with the x- and y-axes.

By long division,
=

Hence = 2, = 3.
1

Let f() =

2 + 7
3
=
=2+
= 2 + 3f( + 2)
+ 2
+ 2

3
2 + 7
=2+
+ 2
+ 2

The list of transformations are

1) translation 2 units parallel to the x-axis
2) scaling 3 units parallel to the y-axis
3) translation 2 units parallel to the y-axis

x = 2

3.5

y=2
3.5

[4]

[3]

6)

i)

Referred to the origin , the position vectors of points and are

+ 2
and
2 + 4 +
respectively.
i)
Show that is perpendicular to .
[2]
ii) Find the position vector of the point on the line segment such that : =
[3]
1: 2
iii) The point has position vector 4 + + 2. Use a vector product to find the
exact area of triangle .
[4]

1
= 1

2
2

= 4
1

1
2

= 1 4 = 1 2 + (1) 4 + 2 1 = 0

2
1
Since

= 0, is perpendicular to .
ii) Using ratio theorem,

1
2
+
1
2
1 4
= 2 1 + 4 = 2
3
3
3
5
2
1

iii)
Area of triangle
1 2 2 2
4
3
1 1
1
1 6
= 1 2 = 1 2 2 (4) = 10 = 5 = 35 units 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 2 (1) (4)

7)

The polynomial () has real coefficients. The equation () = 0 has a root i , where > 0
and 0 < < .
i)
Write down a second root in terms of and , and hence show that a quadratic
factor of () is 2 2 cos + 2 .
[3]
6
i
ii) Solve the equation = 64, expressing the solutions in the form , where
where > 0 and < .
[4]
6
iii) Hence, or otherwise, express + 64 as the product of three quadratics factors with
[3]
real coefficients, giving each in non-trigonometrical form.

i) Since the equation has real coefficients, complex roots are in conjugate pair. Therefore the other
complex root is i .

The two roots are (cos + i sin ) and (cos() + i sin()).

() = [ (cos + i sin )][ (cos() + i sin())]

= [ (cos + i sin )][ (cos i sin )]
= 2 (cos i sin ) (cos + i sin ) + 2 (cos + i sin )(cos i sin )
= 2 cos + i sin cos i sin + 2 (cos 2 + sin2 )
= 2 2 cos + 2
ii)
6 = 64
6 = 26 [cos + i sin ]
6 = 26 [cos(2 + ) + i sin(2 + )] ,where
6 = 26 i(2 + )
(2 +)
6
, = 3, 2, 1,0,1,2
5

5
i
i
i
i
i
i
2 6 , 2 2 , 2 6 , 2 6 , 2 2 , 2 6

= 2 i
=

iii) From part i)

6 + 64 = 2

5
i
6

i
2

i
2

+ 4 2 4 cos + 4 2 4 cos + 4
6
2
6

3
= 2 + 4 cos + 4 [ 2 + 4] 2 4 + 4
6
2
2
2
2
= + 23 + 4( + 4) 23 + 4

= 2 4 cos

Using the GC to check,

i
6

i
6

8)

i)

The line passes through the points and with coordinates (1,2,4) and (2,3,1)
respectively. The place has equation 3 + 2 = 17. Find
i)
the coordinates of the point of intersection of and ,
[5]
ii) the acute angle between and ,
[3]
iii) the perpendicular distance from to .
[3]

3
1
2
2
1
= 2 ,
= 3 ,
= 3 2 = 1

4
1
1
4
3
Equation of line

3
1
= 2 + 1 ,
4
3

Equation of plane

3
1 = 17
2
3
1
Let the point of intersection be and
= 2 + 1 for some . Then
4
3
3
1
3
2 + 1 1 = 17
4
3
2
3
3
1
3
2 1 + 1 1 = 17
4
2
3
2
3 2 + 8 9 6 = 17
9 16 = 17
1
=
2
3
1
5
1
1
Therefore the position vector of intersection is 2 1 = 3 .
2
2
4
3
11
5 3 11
The point of intersection is , , .
2 2

ii) Let the angle of intersection be

3
3
1
1
1
19 3 14 2
1
|9 1 6|
sin =
266
16
sin =
266
= 1.38 rad
sin =

iii)

A
d
C

= sin

16

=
266
1
16 1 5
=
3 2
266 2 11
4
3
8
1
=
266 3
8
32 + 12 + 32
=
266
8
=
19
266
8
=
14
4
= 14 units
7

9)

The diagram shows the graph of = 3. The two roots of the equation 3 = 0 are
denoted by and , where < .
i)
Find the values of and , each corrected to 3 decimal places.
[2]
A sequence of real number 1 , 2 , 3 , satisfies the recurrence relation
1
+1 =
3
for 1.
ii)
iii)
iv)

v)

Prove algebraically that, if the sequence converges, then it converges to or .

[2]
Use a calculator to determine the behaviour of the sequence for each of the cases
1 = 0, 1 = 1, 1 = 2.
[3]
By considering +1 , prove that
+1 < if < <
+1 > if < or >
[2]
State briefly how the results in part (iv) relate to the behaviours determined in part
(iii).
[2]

i) Using the GC

= 0.619 and = 1.512

ii)
+1 =

1

3

Let the convergence values be . As , and +1 . Therefore

3
3 =

3 = 0
= ,
=

The series converges to or .

iii) Using the GC

1 = 0

1 = 1

1 = 2

The series converges to

The series converges to

The series diverges.

iv)

1

3
1
= ( 3 )
3

+1 =

If < < , from the graph of = 3, 3 < 0

1
( 3 ) < 0
3
+1 < 0
+1 <
+1 =

If < or > , from the graph of = 3, 3 > 0

1
( 3 ) > 0
3
+1 > 0
+1 >
+1 =

v)
When 1 = 0, 0 < and +1 > .
As increases, the value of increases, therefore converges to

xn

xn+1 > xn
O
x1 = 0

xn

When 1 = 1, < 0 < and +1 < .

As increases, the value of decreases, therefore converges to

xn

xn +1 < xn
x1 = 1

xn

When 1 = 0, 0 < and +1 > .

As increases, the value of increases, therefore diverges.

xn+1 > xn
O

xn

x1 = 2

xn

10) A geometric series has common ratio , and an arithmetic series has first term and common
difference , where and are non-zero. The first three terms of the geometric series are
equal to the first, fourth and sixth terms respectively of the arithmetic series.
i)
Show that 3 2 5 + 2 = 0
[4]
ii) Deduce that the geometric series is convergent and find, in terms of , the sum to
infinity.
[5]
iii) The sum of the first terms of the arithmetic series is denoted by . Given that
> 0, find the set of possible values of for which exceeds 4.
[5]
i)
1 of GP =
2 of GP = + 3
3 of GP = + 5
2 of GP 3 of GP
=
=r
1 of GP 2 of GP
+ 3
= (1)

+ 5
= (2)
+ 3
1

From (1), = ( 1)
3
Substitute into (2)
1
+ 5 ( 1)
3
=
1
+ 3 ( 1)
3
1
[3 + 5 5]
3
=
1
[3 + 3 3]
3
5 2
=
3
2
3 5 + 2 = 0
ii)

3 2 5 + 2 = 0
( 1)(3 2) = 0

= 1,

2
3

= 1 is rejected since , 0
=
iii)

2
3

= 3

[2 + ( 1) ]
2
> 4
=

[2 + ( 1) ] > 4 (3)
2

Since = , from (1)

3
+ 3 2
=
3

2
+ 3 =
3
1
=
9
1

Substitute = into (3)

9
1

2 + ( 1) > 4
9
2

[18 ( 1)] > 4

18

[19 ] > 4
18
Using the GC

The set of values for is { + , 6 13}

11) A curve has parametric equations

1
= cos 2 ,
= sin3 ,
for 0
2
i)
Sketch the curve.
[2]
ii) The tangent to the curve at point ( 2 , sin3 ), where 0 < < 1 , meets the x2
and y-axes at and respectively. The origin is denoted by . Show that the area of
triangle is
1
sin (3 cos 2 + 2 sin2 )2
[6]
12
1

1
iii)
Show that the area under the curve for 0 is 2 02 cos sin4 , and use
2
the substitution sin = to find this area.
[5]
i) Using the GC

ii)
= cos 2

= 2(cos )( sin )

= 2(sin )(cos )

= sin3

= 3(sin2 )(cos )

3(sin2 )(cos )
=
2(sin )(cos )
3

= sin
2

Equation of tangent at = , ( 2 , sin3 )

3
sin3 = sin [ cos 2 ]
2

When the tangent cuts the x-axis, = 0

3
0 sin3 = sin [ cos 2 ]
2
2 2
sin = cos 2
3
2
= cos 2 + sin2
3
1
= [3cos 2 + 2 sin2 ]
3

When the tangent cuts the y-axis, = 0

3
sin3 = sin [0 cos 2 ]
2
3
3
sin = sin cos 2
2
3
= sin cos 2 + sin2
2
1
= sin [3 cos 2 + 2 sin2 ]
2

R 0, 3 cos 2 + 2 sin 2
2

(cos , sin )
2

x
O

1
Q 3 cos 2 + 2 sin 2 ,0

Area of triangle
1
= ()()
2
1 1
1
= sin [3 cos 2 + 2 sin2 ] [3cos 2 + 2 sin2 ]
2 2
3
1
2
2
2
=
sin (3 cos + 2 sin )
12

iii)
1
When = 0, = 1. When = , = 0.
2

Area under the curve for 0

1

0
1

= sin3
0
0

= sin3
1

2
0

= sin3 [2(sin )(cos )]

1

= 2

cos sin4

= sin

= cos

When = 0, = 0. When = , = 1.
Area under the curve
= 2

0
1

cos sin4

0
1
1
= 2 cos 4

0
= 2 cos sin4
1

= 2 4
0

5
= 2
5 0
2
= units 2
5

2007 H2 Mathematics Paper 2 Possible Solutions

1)

Four friends buy three different kinds of fruits in the market. When they get home they
cannot remember the individual prices per kilogram, but three of them can remember the
total amount that they each paid. The weights of fruits and the total amount paid are
shown in the following table.

Pineapples (kg)
Mangoes (kg)
Lychees (kg)
Total amount paid in $

Suresh
1.15
0.60
0.55
8.28

Fandi
1.20
0.45
0.30
6.84

Cindy
2.15
0.90
0.65
13.05

Lee Lian
1.30
0.25
0.50

Assuming that, for each variety of fruit, the price per kilogram paid by each of the friends
is the same, calculate the total amount that Lee Lian paid.
Let the cost of pineapple per kg be
Let the cost of mangoes per kg be
Let the cost of lychess per kg be

1.15 + 0.60 + 0.55 = 8.28

1.20 + 0.45 + 0.30 = 6.84
2.15 + 0.90 + 0.65 = 13.05

(1)
(2)
(3)

Therefore the cost of pineapple per kg is $3.50, cost of mangoes per kg is $2.60 and the cost of
lychess per kg is $4.90.
Total Lee Lian paid = 1.30 3.50 + 0.25 2.60 + 0.50 4.90 = $7.65

[6]

2)

A sequence 1 , 2 , 3 , is such that 1 = 1 and

2 + 1
+1 = 2
, for all 1.
( + 1)2
1
i)
Use the method of mathematical induction to prove that = 2 .

ii)
2 + 1
Hence find 2
.
( + 1)2
iii)
iv)

=1

Give a reason why the series in part (ii) is convergent and state the sum to infinity.

Use your answer to part () to find

=2

i)
Let () be

When = 1,

1
, for all 1
2

1
, for all 1
2

= 1 = 1
1
= 2 = 1 =
1
Therefore (1) is true.
Assume P() is true,

When = + 1
= +1

2 + 1
+ 1)2
2 + 1
1
= 2 2
( + 1)2

( + 1)2 (2 + 1)
=
2 ( + 1)2
2
+ 2 + 1 2 1
=
2 ( + 1)2
2
= 2
( + 1)2
1
=
( + 1)2
=
=

2 1
.
2 ( 1)2

+1 =

[4]
[2]
[2]
[2]

1
( + 1)2

2 (

Therefore () is true implies ( + 1) is true. Since (1) is true, by mathematical induction, ()

is true.

ii)
+1 =

2 + 1
+ 1)2

2 (

2 + 1
= +1
+ 1)2

2 (

2 + 1
2
= ( +1 )
( + 1)2
=1
=1
+1
2
+2
3
+3
4

=
+2 1
+1
+
+1
= 1 +1
1
= 1
( + 1)2
iii)
1
As , (+1)2 0, therefore the sum will converges to 1.
iv)

Let = + 1. When = 2, = 1. When = , = 1. Therefore

=2

=1
1

2( + 1) 1
2 1
2
=
2
( + 1)2 ( + 1 1)2
( 1)
2 + 1
+ 1)2
=1
1
= 1 2

2 (

3)

By successive differentiating (1 + ) , find Maclaurins series for (1 + ) , up to

and including the term in 3 .
[4]

i)

ii)

Obtain the expansion of (4 )2 (1 + 2 2 )2 up to and including the term in 3 .

Find the set of values of for which the expansion in part (ii) is valid.

iii)

i)
Let f() = (1 + )
f () = (1 + )1
f () = ( 1)(1 + )2
f () = ( 1)( 2)(1 + )3
f (0) =
f (0) = ( 1)
f (0) = ( 1)( 2)
Therefore,

2
3
f() = f(0) + f (0) +
f (0) +
f (0) +
2!
3!
( 1) 2 ( 1)( 2) 3
= 1 + +
+
+
2!
3!
ii)

(4

3
)2

3
42

2
1
4

3 3
3
3 3
1
3
2 2 2 1 2 2
3

2
2
+
+
= 8 1 + +
2
2!
3!
4
4
4
3 2
1
3
+
3 +
= 8 1 +
128
1024
8
1 3

3
+ , for < 1
= 8 3 + 2 +
128
4
16

3
3
(1 + 2 2 )2 = 1 + (2 2 ) +
2
= 1 + 3 2 + , for |2 2 | < 1
3

3 2
1 3
+
+ (1 + 3 2 )
16
128
3
1 3
8 3 + 2 +

=
128
16
24 2
9 3
+
387 2 1151 3
= 8 3 +

+
16
128

(4 )2 (1 + 2 2 )2 = 8 3 +

iii)

The expansion is valid for 4 < 1 and |2 2 | < 1

< 1 4 < < 4

4
1
1
|2 2 | < 1
< <
2
2
Therefore the expansion is valid for : ,

< <

[5]
[2]

4)

ii)

i)

i)

Find the exact value of

sin . Hence find the exact value of

2

cos2 .

The region is bounded by the curve = sin , the line = 2 and the part of
1

[6]

the x-axis between 0 and 2 . Find

a) the exact area of ,
[5]
b) The numerical value of the volume of revolution formed when is rotated
completely about the x-axis, giving your answer correct to 3 decimal places.
[2]
5

sin2 =

1 cos 2

2
5

1
sin 2 3

=
2
2 0
1
10
1 5
= sin 0 + 0
2
3
2 3
1 5
1
4
= sin
2 3
2
3
1 5
1

= + sin
2 3
2
3
1 5
3
= +
4
2 3

Using the GC to check answer,

cos2 =

= 1
0

1 sin2

sin2

5
1 5
3
= +
3
4
2 3
1 5
3
=
2 3
4
Using the GC to check answer,

iia)
Using the GC to get the shape of the curve,

Change the window size to see the curve better,

Area of = 2 sin
=

2
2
sin sin

= 2 cos + 2 cos
=

cos + 2 cos cos

= 2 cos + 2 sin sin

+ cos ]02

= [ 2 cos + 2 sin
2

= cos + 2 sin + 2 cos [(0)2 cos 0 + 2(0) sin 0 + 2 cos 0]

2
2
2
2
2
= 2 units2

Using the GC to check,

iib) Using the GC,

Volume of revolution is 5.391 units2 .

5)

i)

ii)

Give a real-life example of a situation in which quota sampling could be used. Explain
why quota sampling would be appropriate in this situation, and describe briefly any
disadvantages that quota sampling has.
[4]
Explain briefly whether it would be possible to used stratified sampling in the
situation you have described in part (i).
[1]

Quota sampling can be used in the situation where the students in a school are being tested a
national standard testing. The quota sampling can be used to select a sample that is representative
of the racial make-up of the nation.
Quota sampling has the disadvantages that the sample selected is not random, it is not possible to
get a sample that is only made up of one race. Hence it is not possible to access the sampling error.
Stratified sampling can be used in this situation. The students are sorted in ascending order of their
name. Every student is selected.

6)

In a large population, 24% have a particular gene , and 0.3% have gene . Find the
probability that, in a random sample of 10 people from the population, at most 4 have
gene .

A random sample of 1000 people is taken from the population. Using approximations,
find
i)
the probability that between 230 and 260 inclusive have gene ,
ii) The probability that at least 2 but fewer than 5 have gene .
Let be the random variable number of people out of 10 that have gene
~(10,0.24)
( 4) = 0.933

Let be the random variable number of people out of 1000 that have gene
Y~(1000,0.24)

Since = 240 > 5 and = 182.4 > 5,

~(240,182.4) approximately

(230 260) (229.5 260.5) = 0.717

Let be the random variable number of people out of 1000 that have gene
~(1000,0.003)
Since = 3 < 5,
~(3) approximately

(2 < 5) = ( = 2) + ( = 3) + ( = 4) = 0.616

[2]

[3]
[2]

7)

A large number of students in a college have completed a geography project. The time,
hours, taken by a student to complete the project is noted for a random sample of 150
students. The results are summarised by
= 4626, 2 = 147691.
Find unbiased estimates for the population mean and variance.

[2]

Test, at 5% significance level, whether the population mean time for student to complete
the project exceeds 30 hours.
[4]
State, giving reason, whether any assumption about the population are needed in order
for the test to be valid.
The unbiased estimate of the mean =

[1]

4626
=
= 30.84
150

2
2

150 147691

30.842
=
149 150
= 33.7259
= 33.7

The unbiased estimate of the variance 2 =

Since sample size is large (>50), by central limit theorem

0 : = 30
1 : > 30

~ 30.84,

33.7259

150

Since = 0.038 < 0.05, we conclude that we have sufficient evidence at 5% level of significance to
reject 0 and accept 1 , the mean time a student takes to complete the project exceeds 30 hours.
Since the sample size is large, by central limit theorem, the population mean will be normally
distributed. Hence we can use the Z-test without any assumption.

8)

Chickens and turkeys are sold by weight. The masses, in kg, of chickens and turkeys are
modelled as having independent normal distributions with mean and standard deviations as
shown in the table.

Chickens
Turkeys

Mean mass
2.2
10.5

Standard deviation
0.5
2.1

Chickens are sold at $3 per kg and turkeys at $5 per kg.

i)
Find the probability that a randomly chosen chicken has a selling price exceeding $7.
ii) Find the probability of the event that both a randomly chosen chicken has a selling
price exceeding $7 and a randomly chosen turkey has a selling price exceeding $55.
iii) Find the probability that the total selling price of a randomly chosen chicken and a
randomly chosen turkey is more than $62.
iv) Explain why the answer to part (iii) is greater than the answer to part (ii).

[2]
[3]
[4]
[1]

Let be the random variable selling price of a chicken.

~(2.2 3,0.52 32 )
~(6.6,1.52 )
Let be the random variable selling price of a turkey.
~(10.5 2.12 52 )
~(52.5,10.52 )
i) ( > 7) = 0.395

ii) ( > 7 and > 55) = ( > 7) ( > 55) = 0.160

iii)
( + > 62) = 0.392

+ ~(6.6 + 52.5,1.52 + 10.52 )

+ ~(59.1,112.5)

iv) Part (iii) answer is greater since it is more likely for the price of the turkey to be higher as it has a
larger variance. This will help make up the price to exceed $62.

9)

A group of 12 people consists of 6 married couples.

i)
The group stand in a line.
a) Find the number of different possible orders
b) Find the number of different possible orders in which each man stands next to
his wife
ii) The group stand in a circle.
a) Find the number of different possible arrangements.
b) Find the number of different possible arrangements if men and women
alternate.
c) Find the number of different possible arrangements if each man stands next to
his wife and men and women alternate.

ia) Ways they can stand in a line = 12! = 479001600

ib)

Each couple can swap position

Ways to arrange the 6 couples

Ways = 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 = 6! 26 = 46080
iia) Ways = 11! = 39916800
iib(

Woman (1)

Man (fixed)

Woman (6)

Man (1)

Man (5)
Woman (5)

Woman (2)
Man (1)

Man (4)

Woman (3)

Woman (4)
Man (3)

Ways = 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 = 86400

[1]
[3]
[1]
[2]

iic)
Case 1
Man (fixed)

Wife of fixed man(1)

Wife (1)
Man (1)

Man (5)
Wife (1)

Wife (1)
Man (1)

Man (4)

Wife (1)

Wife (1)
Man (3)

Case 2
Man (fixed)

Wife of fixed man(1)

Wife (1)

Man (1)

Man (5)
Wife (1)

Wife (1)
Man (1)

Man (4)

Wife (1)

Wife (1)
Man (3)

Ways = 5! 2 = 240

10) A player throws three darts at a target. The probability that he is successful in hitting the target
1
with his first throw is 8. For each of his second and third throws, the probability of success is

twice the probability of success on the preceding throw if that throw was successful,
the same as the probability of success on the preceding throw if that throw was
unsuccessful.
Construct a probability tree showing this information.
[3]
Find
i)
the probability that all three throws are successful,
[2]
ii) the probability that at least two throws are successful,
[2]
iii) the probability that the third throw is successful given that exactly two of the three
throws are successful.
[4]
Start

1
8

7
8

Hit

2
8

6
8

Hit

Miss

1
8

Miss

7
8

Hit

Miss

4
8

4
8

2
8

6
8

2
8

6
8

1
8

7
8

Hit

Miss

Hit

Miss

Hit

Miss

Hit

Miss

i) (all three throws successful) =

1 2 4
1
=
8 8 8 64

ii) (at least two throws sucessful) = () + () + () + ()

1 1 2 4 1 6 2 7 1 2
=
+ + +
64 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
21
=
256

iii) (third throw successful | exactly two throws successful)

(third throw successful and exactly two throws successful)
=
(exactly two throws successful)
() + ()
=
(
) + () + ()
1 6 2 7 1 2
+
8 8 8 8 8 8
=
1 2 4 1 6 2 7 1 2
+ +
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
13
=
17

11) Research is being carried out into how the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream varies
with time, measured from when the drug is given. Observations at successive times give the
data shown in the following table.
Time ( minutes)
Concentration
( microgram per litre)

15
82

30
65

60
43

90
37

120 150 180 240 300

22 19 12
6
2

It is given that the value of the product moment correlation coefficient for this data is 0.912,
correct to 3 decimal places. The scatter diagram for the data is shown below.

Calculate the equation of the regression line on .

Calculate the corresponding estimated value of when = 300, and comment on the
suitability of the linear model.
The variable is defined by = ln . For variables and ,
i)
calculate the product moment correlation coefficient and comment on its value,
ii) Calculate the equation of the appropriate regression line
Use a regression line to give the best estimate that you can of the time when the drug
concentration is 15 microgram per litre.

The regression line on is = 0.260 + 66.2

[2]
[2]
[2]
[3]
[2]

When = 300 s, = 11.7 g.

The linear model is not valid, since from the scatter diagram, it displayed a logarithmic relationship.
Also > 0, but the linear regression line gives < 0 when = 300.

i)

product moment correlation coefficient = 0.994.

The values is close to 1. There a good negative linear relationship between ln and .

ii) The regression line is ln = 0.0123 + 4.62.

Since we want to find the given , we need the regression line on ln

When = 15 g, = 155s

Alternatively, since = 0.994 is close to 1. We can also use regression line ln on to find the
value of
ln = 0.0123434 + 4.620609
When = 15 g,
ln 15 = 0.0123434 + 4.620609
= 155 s