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Statistics Revision Solutions

1 (i) , 200 ( ~ N H ) 12
2
and , 175 ( ~ N W ) 9
2

0652 . 0 ) 174 5 . 172 ( = < < W P (shown)
(ii) , 50 ( ~ 2
2 1
N W H H + 612 ) 81 ( 4 ) 2 ( 144 = + )
( ) 9784 . 0 0 2
2 1
= > + W H H P (shown)
(iii) , 375 ( ~ N W H + 225)
05 . 0 ) ( 95 . 0 ) ( < < + > > + A W H P A W H P
, 05 . 0 ( invNorm A < 375, 38 . 350 ) 225 = and 350
max
= A (shown)
2(i) , 80 ( ~ N M ) 12
2

and , 56 ( ~ N W ) 6
2


, 464 4 56 3 80 ( ~
4
3 2 1 3 2 1
= + + + + + + + = N W W W W M M M T ) 576 4 6 3 12
2 2
= +
0668 . 0 ) 500 ( = > T P (shown)
(ii) ( ) ( ) , 16 ( ~ '
4
3 2 1 3 2 1
N W W W W M M M T + + + + + = 576)
748 . 0 ) 0 ' ( = > T P (shown)
3. 65 . 0 ) ( 35 . 0 ) ( = < = > b X P b X P
, 65 . 0 ( invNorm b = 130, 11) 134 2 . 134 = (shown)
= < 2 . 0 ) ( a X P , 2 . 0 ( invNorm a = 130, 11) 121 7 . 120 = (shown)
, 121 ( ) , ( = b a 134) (shown)
(i) , 130 ( ~ N X )
2
11
2

573 . 0 ) 134 121 ( = < < X P (shown)
(ii) , 10 ( ~ B Y 0.45)
266 . 0 ) 3 ( = Y P (shown)
4(i) , 10 ( ~ N S ) 5 . 1
2
and , 18 ( ~ N T ) 4
2

1133 . 0 ) 15 ( ) 10 ( = < < T P S P (shown)
(ii) , 8 ( ~ N S T 18.25)
7587 . 0 ) 5 ( = > S T P (shown)
(iii) , 1 ( ~
2
1
N T S ) 25 . 6 16
4
1
5 . 1
2
= +
6554 . 0 0
2
1
=
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> T S P (shown)
5. , 2 ( ~ N X ) 1
2
and , 3 ( ~ N Y ) 4
2

, 2 ( ~ 2
2 1
+ N Y X X 66)
( ) ( ) 189 . 0 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1
= < + < = < + Y X X P Y X X P (shown)
, 10 ( ~ N P
X
) 5
2
and , 24 ( ~ N P
Y
( ) ) 1024 8 4
2
=
, 220 120 100 ( ~
5
1
10
1
= + + =

= =
N P P T
j
Y
i
X
j i
) 5370 5120 250 = +
707 . 0 ) 180 ( = > T P (shown)
6(i) , 320 ( ~ N X ) 50
| | ) ( 1 15 ) ( 15 ) ( m X P m X P m X P < = > = <
15 ) ( 16 = < m X P or
16
15
) ( = < m X P
,
16
15
( invNorm m = 320, 331 84 . 330 ) 50 = (shown)
(ii) Let Y be the rv denoting the number of oranges (out of 60) each having mass more than
mgrams.
Then , 60 ( ~ B Y )
16
1

Since 5 75 . 3
16
60
< = = np and , 1 . 0
16
1
< = p ) 75 . 3 ( ~
o
P Y approximately.
( P more than 56 oranges have mass less than mgrams)
( P = less than 4 oranges have mass more than mgrams) ) 3 ( ) 4 ( = < = Y P Y P
= 0.484 (shown)
7(i)
Possible digit combination Probability (including
permutation)
6 9 9

1000
3
10
1
! 2
! 3
3
=
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7 8 9

1000
6
10
1
! 3
3
=
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7 9 9

1000
3
10
1
! 2
! 3
3
=
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8 8 8

1000
1
10
1
3
=
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8 9 8

1000
3
10
1
! 2
! 3
3
=
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8 9 9

1000
3
10
1
! 2
! 3
3
=
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9 9 9

1000
1
10
1
3
=
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Total
50
1
1000
20
= = (shown)
(ii) P( 3 numbers are identical | sum of 3 numbers is at least 24)

10
1
50
1
1000
1
1000
1
=
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+
= (shown)
(Note that 888 and 999 are the only two combinations which satisfy the numerator, ie
the 3 numbers are identical and their sum is at least 24)
8 (i) Number of ways to seat 11 children (without any restrictions) in a circle ! 10 )! 1 11 ( = =
Firstly, number of ways to arrange the 5 boys ! 5 =
Secondly, number of ways to slot the 6 girls between the 5 boys ! 5 6 ! 5
5
6
= = C
Required probability
42
1
! 10
! 5 ! 5 6
=

= (shown)
(ii) Grouping J, C and D together as a single unit, number of ways to arrange the children
such that J sat between C and D ( ) ! 2 ! 8 ! 2 ! 1 9 = = (note that C and D can switch sides)
Number of ways to arrange the children such that J, C and D simply sat together
( ) ! 3 ! 8 ! 3 ! 1 9 = = (note that J, C and D can be freely permutated within the unit)
Required probability=
3
1
3 ! 8
2 ! 8
=

(shown)
9 (i)
6
1
Sun(Y)

6
1
Sat(Y)
6
5
Sun (N)

5
1
Fri (Y)

6
5
Sat(N)
3
2
Sun(Y)

3
1
Sun(N)


6
1
Sun(Y)

3
2
Sat(Y)
6
5
Sun (N)

5
4
Fri (N)

3
1
Sat(N)
3
2
Sun(Y)

3
1
Sun(N)
(Y): go on that day (N): not going on that day

P(A goes on Sun) =
60
23
3
2
3
1
5
4
6
1
3
2
5
4
3
2
6
5
5
1
6
1
6
1
5
1
=
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+
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+
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+
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(shown)
(ii) P( A will go on Fri but not on Sun)
12
1
3
1
6
5
5
1
6
5
6
1
5
1
=
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\
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+
|

\
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\
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=
P (A will go on Fri)
5
1
=
Hence, P (A will not go on Sun | A will go on Fri)
12
5
5
1
12
1
= = (shown)
(iii) P(A goes on both Fri and Sun)
60
7
3
2
6
5
5
1
6
1
6
1
5
1
=
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\
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\
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+
|

\
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\
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|

\
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=
Hence, P( A goes on Fri | A goes on Sun)
23
7
60
23
60
7
= = (shown)
10 (i) Unbiased estimate of population mean 49 . 2
100
249
= = (shown)
Unbiased estimate of population variance 61 . 1
100
249
779
99
1
2
=
(

= (shown)
(ii) Since 100 = n is large, by CLT,
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100
61 . 1
, 49 . 2 ~ N X approx
951 . 0 ) 7 . 2 ( = < X P (shown)
(iii) Since 150 = n is large, by CLT,
, 5 . 373 150 49 . 2 ( ~ . ..........
150 2 1
= + + + = N X X X T ) 5 . 241 150 61 . 1 = approx
411 . 0 ) 370 ( = < T P (shown)
11. , ( ~ N X )
2

07 . 0
1
07 . 0 ) 1 ( =
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< = <

Z P X P
) 1 ( 476 . 1 ) 07 . 0 (
1
= =

invNorm


95 . 0
6 . 1
95 . 0 ) 6 . 1 ( 05 . 0 ) 6 . 1 ( =
|

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< = < = >


Z P X P X P
) 2 ( 645 . 1 ) 95 . 0 (
6 . 1
= =

invNorm



Solving (1) and (2) gives , 192 . 0 = kg 284 . 1 = (shown)
P( exactly 1 large, exactly 1 small, exactly 1 between large and small)
0185 . 0 ) 07 . 0 05 . 0 1 )( 07 . 0 )( 05 . 0 ( ! 3 = = (shown)
12 (i) To test: 5 . 57 :
0
= H 5 . 57 :
1
< H
, 9 . 56 = x , 8 . 2 = 50 = n
Using the Z test, by the GC, 02 . 0 0649 . 0 > = p

0
H is not rejected and there is insufficient evidence at the 2% level to suggest that the
company is overstating the mass of coffee per jar. (shown)
(ii) Test statistic 0537 . 2 ) 02 . 0 ( = <

= invNorm
n
x
Z



7 . 56 0537 . 2
50
8 . 2
5 . 57
< <

x
x
(shown)
(iii) Since
|
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\
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n
N X
2
, ~

, then
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\
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n
N X
2
, 0 ~


( ) ( ) 98 . 0
8 . 2
5 . 0
8 . 2
5 . 0
5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 =
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|
|

\
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|
|

\
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< <
|
|

\
|
= < < = <
n
Z
n
P X P X P
The above can be re-interpreted as 01 . 0
2
98 . 0 1
8 . 2
5 . 0
=

=
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<
n
Z P
170 ) 01 . 0 (
8 . 2
5 . 0
= =
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n invNorm
n
(shown)
(iv) Sample Variance
2 2
8 . 2 = s
Hence unbiased estimate of the population variance ( ) 8 8 . 2
49
50
1
2 2
= =

= s
n
n

Test statistic 5 . 1 =

=

n
x
Z


( where ) 8 =

(shown)
13(i) Since ( ) y x, lie on the regression line and it is given that , 1600 = x
Then sample mean of weights 54 90 ) 1600 ( 09 . 0 = = y (shown)
(ii) Sample variance for heights ( ) | | ( ) ) 1 ( 120 120
1
2
2
2
2
= = =

n x x x x
n

Sample variance for weights ( ) | | ( ) ) 2 ( 12 12
1
2
2
2
2
= = =

n y y y y
n

Also,
( )( )
( )
09 . 0
2
=

x x
y y x x
b
Substituting (1) into the above gives ( )( ) ( ) ) 3 ( 120 09 . 0
2
=

n y y x x
Substituting (2) and (3) into
( )( )
( )


=
2
y y
y y x x
d gives = d
( )
9
12
120 09 . 0
2
2
=
n
n

Equation of line of regression of x on y is y c dy c x 9 + = + =
Since (1600. 54) lies on the line, 1114 ) 54 ( 9 1600 = = c
and hence y x 9 1114 + = (shown)
(iii) 9 . 0 81 . 0
2
= = = r bd r (shown)
A strong value for the coefficient r denotes a high degree of similarity (coincidence)
between both regression lines.
(iv) kg y 45 90 ) 1500 ( 09 . 0 = = (shown)
14 (a)

= = , 5 . 112
10
1125
) 30 (x ( ) 71 . 1796 1 . 0 179671 ) 30 (
2 2
= =

= = 7 . 1392 ) 1 . 0 ( 13927 ) 50 )( 30 ( y x

( )
762 . 0
10
188
5226
10
5 . 112
71 . 1796
10
) 188 ( 5 . 112
7 . 1392
2 2
=
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= =
yy xx
xy
S S
S
r (shown)
It appears that there is a strong negative linear association between the scores on a fitness
test and the weights of the participating students.
(b) ) 1 ( + = bW a L

( )
77 . 0
2
2
=

= =


n
W
W
n
W L
LW
S
S
b
WW
LW

, 01 . 20
20
20 . 400
= = L 8 . 8
20
00 . 176
= = W
Substituting the above quantities into (1), 234 . 13 ) 8 . 8 ( 77 . 0 01 . 20 = = = W b L a
Hence, equation of regression line is given by W L 77 . 0 234 . 13 + = (shown)
15. |

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n
N X
6 . 3
, 4 ~


( ) ( ) 99 . 0 1 . 4 01 . 0 1 . 4 > < < > X P X P


326 . 2 ) 99 . 0 (
6 . 3
4 1 . 4
99 . 0
6 . 3
4 1 . 4
= >

>
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\
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< invNorm
n n
Z P


Solving gives

1948 6 . 1947 > n n (shown)
Yes, central limit theorem (CLT) was used in approximating X to a normal distribution
based on the fact that the sample size (number of observations) n was large. (shown)
16(a)
A B

x 60 x x 45


(i)
25
12
125
60
) ( = = A P (shown)
(ii) Number of boys that are shortsighted 45 20 65 = = (this is represented by ( )' B A )
( ) ( ) 25 125 45 45 ) ( 60 = = + + + x x x x
80 ) 25 45 ( 60 = + = B A

( )
25
16
125
80
= = B A P (shown)
(iii) ( )
5
1
125
25
= = B A P (shown)
(iv)
( )
9
5
125
45
5
1
) (
) | ( =
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=

=
B P
B A P
B A P (shown)
(b) (i)
31775
1419
123
43
124
44
125
45
= |

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(shown)
(ii)
6355
2844
123
79
124
80
125
45
! 2
! 3
= |

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\
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\
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(shown)
(iii) ( )
1271
70
123
20
124
35
125
25
! 3 = |

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(shown)

shortsighted non-shortsighted shortsighted
girl girl boy
17(i) Let X be the random variable denoting the number of days a student is late from
Monday to Wednesday.
Then , 3 ( ~ B X 0.09)
Required probability 000239 . 0 ) 009 . 0 ( ) 1 ( = = = X P (shown)
(ii) ( P student is not late on 5 days) ( ) 956 . 0 009 . 0 1
5
= =
Let Y be the random variable denoting the number of students (out of a class of 25)
who are not late for a stretch of 5 days.
Then , 25 ( ~ B Y 0.956) and 323 . 0 ) 25 ( = = Y P (shown)
(iii) ( P at least 1 latecomer in a class of 25 in a given school week of 5 days)
677 . 0 323 . 0 1 = =
Let ' Y be the random variable denoting the number of weeks (out of 80 weeks)
where there is at least one latecomer.
Then , 80 ( ~ ' B Y 0.677)
Since 5 16 . 54 > = np and 5 84 . 25 > = nq ,
, 16 . 54 ( ~ ' N Y 17.494) approx.
809 . 0 ) 5 . 50 ' ( ) 50 ' ( = > = > Y P Y P (continuity correction has to be used) (shown)
18 (a) , 30 ( ~ N X ) 2 . 0
2

, 150 ( ~
5 4 3 2 1
N X X X X X T + + + + = ) 2 . 0 2 . 0 5
2
=
1314 . 0 ) 5 . 151 5 . 150 ( = < < T P (shown)
(b) , 10 ( ~ N Y ) 15 . 0
2

, 60 10 6 ( ~ = N S ) 135 . 0 15 . 0 6
2
= , , 60 30 2 ( ~ = N W ) 16 . 0 2 . 0 4
2
=
and , 0 ( ~ N W S 0.295)
9672 . 0 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( = < = + < W S P W S P (shown)
(c)
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=
3
2
10 6 . 1
25
2 . 0
, 30 ~ N L , 0 ( ~ 30 N L

3
10 6 . 1

)
( ) ( ) ( ) 02 . 0 30 30 02 . 0 30 = + = a L P a L P a L P
Since the distribution of ( ) 30 L is centred at zero,
( ) 01 . 0 30 = a L P
01 . 0
10 6 . 1
3
=
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a
Z P
01 . 0 ) 25 ( = a Z P
3263 . 2 ) 01 . 0 ( 25 = = invNorm a
093 . 0 = a (shown)

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