NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

Fabrication and working of Sensor Based automatic lifting bridge

K. Ravi kiran1& A. Johnson 2
2

M.Tech, Kakathiya Institute of Technology and Science, WARANGAL, Sr. Assistant Professor, Kamala Institute of Technology and Science, Singapur
1

ABSTRACT The main idea of this paper is from the Rameshwaram Bridge the lift bridge which uses manual signalling while entry of a ship. While on other hand the electro-hydraulic power system along with the power motor helps to lift the bridge smoothly. Our idea is to bring automation in the whole working of this bridge, for which we made a (sensor-relay-motor-pulley) system functioning, to structure out the whole working of the bridge on incoming and outgoing of any big obstacles like ships and boats through it. The aim of this paper is to construct a working model of vertical deck lifting bridge which shows its upliftment without any manual functioning and working with the help of optical laser sensors acting over the relay-motor-pulley function for the bridge movement whenever the receiving signal from the transmitter is cut by any obstacle on its way for a certain period of time
Keywords:

bridge, sensor, relay, pulley, motor, upliftment

1. INTRODUCTION The automatic sensor bridge is an alternative way to show the electrohydraulic bridge function that use the power motor and Pascal's hydraulic principle for its upliftment, by bringing electronic automation through sensors that acts on a relay, motor and pulley system for the bridge movement whenever any obstacle cuts the sensor transmitted signal.The bridge is kept in the middle which is attached with two optical receivers in opposite direction at a few distances from the bridge. Parallel to these receivers, are connected which completes the sensor system by continuous transferring and receiving of laser signals. When an obstacle enters before the bridge & cuts the sensor transmitted signal, then the relay works in reverse direction making the motors to spin in anticlockwise direction which being attached to pulleys helps in lifting the deck of bridge upwards, this helps that ship to pass below the bridge.In the same manner when it goes out below the bridge, it again cuts the sensor transmitted signal to receiver placed after a certain distance out there, and this time the relay works in forward direction making the motors to spin in clockwise direction which attached to pulleys helps in the downward movement of the bridge parts and there by completing the full bridge again for use. .

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

2. COMPONENTS USED IN THE FABRICATION OF BRIGDE PROTOTYPE This working model is fabricated by using the following electronic components as specified in the tables below. 2.1 CIRCUITS: Sensor based automatic bridge prototype is fabricated with the following Circuits.
A) FILTER CIRCUIT

Table:1 list of components of Filter Circuit ITEM Step Down transformer Crystal Diode Filter capacitor/condenser Regulator IC Vero Board A.C Source Wires QUANTITY 1 2 2(1000 micro F,16V) 2(100 micro F,16V) 1(100 micro F,25V) 2 1 Single 220V Supply Few NAME R-E-C IN4007 KELTRON L7812CV RANIX ---------

B) RELAY CIRCUIT

Table:2 list of components of Relay Circuit ITEM Relay Carbon Resistance Zener Diode QUANTITY 2(12V D.C) 5(200-250)Ohm 2 NAME OMRON -

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

Transistor(N-P-N ) Filter Capacitor Regulated I.C Vero Board

2 2(47microF, 10V) 2 1

BC 557 KELTRON 368P35 -

C) SENSOR CIRCUIT

Table:3 list of components of sensor circuit ITEM Optical sensors Transmission Signal Receiver Batteries 2(6 V) QUANTITY 3 3 NAME V69 231 TSOP-1556 -

2.2 CONSTRUCTION For construction the following items are required.

A) WOODEN BASE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Length = 122cm Width = 83 cm Total height = 63 cm Height of Rail track from base = 20 cm Width of Rail track from base = 20 cm Height of road = 39 cm Width of road = 14.5 cm

B) ELECTRO MAGNETIC D.C MOTOR

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

Fig:1 Electro magnetic d c motor

3.MECHANICAL COMPONENTS AND WORKING OF FABRICATED MODEL:

3.1 COMPONENTS:

The following components were used in working system of bridge: i) Sensors (optical) ii) Spur gear iii) Pulley iv) Deck
3.2 FABRICATION:

The system is fabricated by using the wooden frame and the components are assembled to that wooden frame as shown in figure 3.1

Fig 3.1 Fabricated model

3.3 WORKING:

Working of the whole system starts with the entrance of the ship between the

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

emitter and receiver(sensors) ,as the ship cuts the signal for a time span of three seconds the sensor pass a signal to the control unit, the control unit consists of a 8bit microcontroller with 40pins,the whole working system runs under the microcontroller, we are using a microcontroller named AT89S52.the microcontroller give signal to the motor as the signal is received by the motor the motor starts rotating in anticlockwise direction and the power flow takes place with the help of gear system, here we are using spur gear of ratio 2:1,and this gear is inter connected to a pulley for the upliftment of the deck. Here in this model we were used a simple rope based pulley for the upliftment. So the power transmission takes place from motor gear, pulley, and deck. After the process of upliftment of deck, the ship is allowed to cross the bridge where there is another optical sensor set up placed to the bridge diagonally, so that while the ship crosses the bridge the signal will be disturbed(cuts),again the sensor send a signal to the micro controller, which makes the motor to start rotating in clockwise direction which in turn connected to gear and pulley set up, and then the deck starts moving downwards and finally it comes to its initial position. As we considered three modes of transport systems in this project i.e., rail, road and water we assembled three traffic signalling set ups, by these signalling mainly the accidents are reduced and they satisfies three modes for smooth transport.

4.ADVANTAGES 1.The automation made in this wok through the introduction of sensors made less involvement of manual labor, when compared with the manual operated bridges. 2.Less amount of power is required by the circuits in this work for the bridge movements 5.CONCLUSIONS In this work we have successfully constructed the working model of automatic vertical lift bridge. The working mechanism of the bridge is more simple and flexible as we used less number of components like optical sensors, micro motor, gear and pulley and rope system which can be easily controlled by micro controller. This model was a concept framework describing the electronic automation that can be made in the referred bridge movements with the help of sensors, In real cases it is optical sensors of more range and huge motors are being used, the distance between the bridge and sensors may be adjusted based upon the time taken for the full upliftment of the bridge. Based upon the above considerations different concepts and types of bridges were studied. Then we found that the present working model is the most appropriate one for the vertical upliftment of the deck.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AIME-2012)

REFERENCES
1. 2. Daniel lecking, Oliver Wulf, bernando (2006) " Automation fork lifter for variable pallet pick up in industial environment" IEEE paper, pp(116974) . H. Hemanth. BriMon: Design and Implementation of Railway Bridge monitoring , Application Master's Thesis Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur,India, May 2006. 3. 4. 5. 6. Phani Kumar Valiveti. Operation of a Sensor Network Based Bridge Monitoring System. Master's Thesis Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India, May 2007 . Mohammed ali mazidi (2005), Microcontroller and Embedded systems, Tata McGraw hill. Basic electronics (elementary concepts)-By rakshit & chattopadhay,v.k.mehta. Electronics for you(magazine)-Relay and IR sensors circuit concepts.