FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BETE 3 SEKAGYA RONNIE 07/U/3003/ETE/PE

AUTOMATED LIGHT SWITCHING CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
An LDR sensor based on electrical and electronics

conditional circuit technology is used to develop the automatic light switching system. The automatic lighting system will lead to energy saving and efficient usage which could benefit individuals and organizations. Furthermore the system is developed with the of the safety environment as a concern when switching on or off.

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BACKGROUND
For the development in a country, engineering plays a

pivotal role. By applying different engineering principles to better human life. Switching on and off of security or street lights is a burden to most establishments, this leads to extra power costs. For example security lights at kyambogo operate all day and all night instead of only night, same applies to Kampala street lights. The darkness controlled switch employs basic electronics and electrical theories as well as practical skills which we had already gained.
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Energy wastage due to the mismanagement of domestic, street and industrial lighting

To save energy wasted on lighting by turning lights off Minimizing on power costs for both domestic and industrial establishments

To reduce the burden on workers to switch off the lights daily

To provide a cheaper and long lasting option to the

current light control switching system more so for

security and street lights.
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SCOPE
Concentration is mostly on the application of

electronic and electrical principles. The basic working principle of the major components i.e.; LDR, Relay and comparator, is put to use

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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

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DESIGN CONTINUED
24ov is stepped down to 12v AC 12v AC is rectified to 12v DC LDR has a resistance thats inversely

proportional to the intensity of the light falling on it. It has a resistance of 1M when in total darkness(maximum darkness). Has a resistance of only about 5K during day ( sufficient illumination) L.E.D is a device that allows current flow through it in one direction L.E.D indicatesMr. Ngolobe W. there's a current when Julius 11/21/2011 supervised by 9

DESIGNinverting voltage of op-amp is half the supply CONTINUED Suppose

voltage To reduce the incoming current from power, arm resistors R3 and R4 will be 10k respectively R1 is used to balance with LDR so as to get low level in the output of comparator when the light is incident from outside to LDR when light is cut off, LDR has high resistance value consequently, non-inverting terminal voltage will increase then inverting voltage and output of the op-amp becomes high level(approx 10V) when output of the comparator is 10V, alarm LED must radiate light. Since LED current is 10mA and voltage across LED is 1.5V, the value of R5 is determined using the equation below
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JUSTIFICATION
After the completion of the design and construction,

the circuit is able to operate automatically The circuit switches on at night fall(dark) and off at sunrise(when illuminated efficiently) The sensor (LDR) controls the switching of the circuit

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ACHIEVEMENTS
Reduced power expenditure Saving of energy on supplier side(umeme) Reduced operational expenditure arising from reduced

labor

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RECOMMENDATIONS
Employ a damping circuit before the relay to reduce

chattering, For big current loads, employ relays having contacts that support big current loads e.g. 100A The circuit should be put in a relatively open space and should be covered with a transparent material The circuit can also be modified to be used in outdoor alarms by use of buzzer

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CHALLENGES
Acquiring of the exact required components on the

market wasnt a walk in the park fake components made the project rather costly Design challenges for example calculating required resistor values Soldering and assembly of the circuit was a challenge to us

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CONCLUSION
The final prototype of our project is constructed which

works with minimum supply of 12v. During project we learned many electrical and electronics components as well as to work in groups. We now understand the need for proper planning and organized actions and we sure this project will act as a basis for future project planning and implementation.

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REFERENCES
Alldatasheet.com. Available at:
Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2006, 9, p. 97-102 [online].

Available at
Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies,

2006, 9, p. 55-62 [online]. Available at:

Forrest M. Mims III, Engineers Mini Notebook, Volume I.

Timer, Op Amp &Optoelectronic Circuits & Projects, 1

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THANK YOU

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