OCMH

It- ENGLISH COPY

'i
-.:. ••-*
GERMAN EXPERIENCES IN

DESERT WARFARE DURING

WORLD WAR 31

rSupplement-
OCMH COPY^—
WOT TO BE REMOVED FROM AWC LIBRARY

-V

I HISTORICAL DIVISION i ,
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY, EUROPE
FOREIGN MILITARY STUDIES BRANCH ' •
 ILS.

P-139

.». Vht&'l,

s *.
LIBRARY t il.
ARMY WAR COLLEGE t ii.
CARLISLE BARRACKS, FA.

•w \.,
• . -^ if$K ••''" *

Aliiff,
1033'

• -•• ~m *i
 OF u.s.^ MX
US

Alfred
Sate of Mrthi 28
of

After trftiuiuiS i& uptii

Ci'flc^r Cwidisif.te Scbaole
ic. of
to
proiistest to firct
ter*: at U;e fiitrliii. ¥«r
U«s *o.a pr^iijjttid captjiia
V*oa l&^u~39 SrGPMi asnred
i'raifcd&£ Cfficar of th» X
Carps and tiicia, aftor |>«rt;lcip«.tirj^
SWa'f tr«4uis»tJ coufftea iu
major ao& aaglispad to thm
of the <^srt«X£i
for i;Trinco fes First Anaietast to the
£up|}ly Officer, iu 1948 ha WMI
nud »e siloed us C
was coloiiel in
c^rvico as Cliief of Staff,
Corps in Northern Sa«6i«
1944, £'Q^ w«> troastferrafi Tsack
la Juxui of th* •««« y«ar, In >fhlda
uatll th# w«r «ad»d, «&4 3^**
ho pronotod 0«Mni2>i|Ajor in C«too«r 1044,

m
.•WK

-11-
SttppUauat

I-yits
of birtfci 14
of
v«ry & tb»
la vorld %'fer X, vaa la
for o th«
ver 4-r-*/ as toft officer C in l&sl.
yt,i-,r later for
various liiftij^rj- unl%«. In

»f ter offlctr and h&d

»taff ciutioa. tttt vte a «t&ff

wad the first

in Jiussia. ho y&c oa tfeo staff uf
C'orpt, *as»i 1& 1S41-4S Chief of Staff
/^riee. Coips. KuriEtt; thia
to
4 to
of ad ?9JO£«r Livlaioii oa tw 'Ba»0i&a
ItvUr ba vfce e^'aiu preo«tvd t«*
.ad givixje cot:a£ud of
a 4Q&iQ£#traUoA unit tii&t
of
12 U
ia ?ockat ia

: ;, \
10 § P-129 Supploawnt

Sisgienund KIEJ30W, Ph.D.

Date of Births 29 Juna 1907
KLaca of Birtht Potsdam.

Dr. KIEKCir atudied ehaadatry *t tha tachnieal

college in Brealaa in 1925-26 and geology at tha
University of Braalau in 1926, tha Unlraraity of
Koeniga'berg in 1926-27, tha Ttaivarpity of Beam in
1927-30 wd tha Univoruity of Qoattingaa in 1930-34.
From July, 1934 to June, 1942 ha was a»ploy»d as au
aa sis taut in tha University of }twaaat«r» Ik July,
1939 ha was draftad for military atrviea and re-
Kained itt tho aray until the aad of tha v&r, final
ly roaching tha rank of second llerutaaant of tiw
roaarva, , '
While eorvlng in tha aroy, Dr. KJEKCW
his aoadeaie work and lecturad at tha Oaiverfclty of
Mu*UBt*r and at th« Uaiveraity of Straaaburg,
World War II, ha aarved &a chief of tha geological
detachment assigned to tha German military forces
in Africa, whara ha gained eonaidaraola axpariance
in desert problaas, particularly thoaa eoanacted
with water suppliaa. In addition, ha aerved ia
asaign&enta in Norway and in Tranoe. In April
1943, ho was awarded tha titla of Bagiarungabaurat,
a high titla in tha building and angiataring profea-
aion« On 7 May 1945, ha waa captwad at Jfraaaanaa,
lorthjam Boruay9 I
In addition to hia ailitary aarvioa and hia
aetivitiaa aa a laoturar in IbiTaraitiaa, nr»HENCW
haa had considarabla aueoaaa aji a writar oa gaologioal
aubjaota. Quita a water of Ma stadia* hara baaa
publiahad iai aoiantifio Journala of f^tgh Taputa*

-iir-
*•••••
&'
•*.
5' -A-
1
i --'
«£
ti
X'K-'':
If., lit . '8
0t .e
Mi w- *1
r-i* jo
KI
tto jo
«?!:
-9
fls
j;{:ytt
!f-:Ǥ
£fc.
0§
09
no jo
rr{) rrw
nt jo . em *s
*X
3 JtOJ JO
|
jo
WO "A
$tr»w&fr.b** -
"At
t
f
« 5 • H T -S .T 0
 fi C 8 i «, (cwfc.)

1 — J'roftle
dell ia Ltauaa, L Structure . JS3
Situation it?
of
& —
— Contour £lc<itcU of sad the
Si tee in
of
'Jtrnta Profliee ia l IA
VO
9 Loo^ltudlocl profile of Lov«r
Of Haasejrnt Uadi .......... 71
W fait Cofit«&t of v.&teir ia tha ia««ayai
74
Photo 1 - 3 at '
»«ep-V»il rrlllluff at atr klcahci
Artssien Soriiiii Ift tb« tonMUi O&aic 10
Artesian Vt*U is tha Crlept
13
4 - in the 2*3
In the V*di IS
«S - Clat*m it Ala
Dos*rt, Ancient C latent oa tb« ;'!•
Siatrouh - Siwa i««t4 ......
-10
*1 Heriiat, ^i«t*riui on tfe*
Hi*

If
U — 8MMJT Master* .
toutte 2 '•<!
W«U to ffroond
..
14-15 iriooli, S»«tlcr« with
t.atar, r%
*'%
80
.-•• *!
T$
MS

a 0 W f ii £ y 3 (coat.)

& Milt up
jra, Cyyeaaie* ...... ill
18 «~ jierial Photo of ^'at«v Supply

19 — lordia. ***«»«* git* ia

Veil at Ala •! ttttaala
•ainiar Fluid
3S
rtuba .
•1 Gaeola. v»t«r Supply Peiat ia
lino to I'tttt^jbi .............. 40 : :' ?

l/rUlia« KaeMAa ia ' \'- .

Li«,ht B«&oto ui-illiag Hacfcia* in f
i»«noto lis-illl»fi Hachin« ia ;

Point »t £1 canrru^A in tJ-t* / :

Soutaara Ifootaill* of ttw Cyrooeiea . -
MouatRiu iiiiiitj*, Saowiti£i (ia i'lioto 51) •
t£w> iifciic^Pui45 ia UM . - - - . -*0— ";j**^ j
?
to vnieh v«twr will
2 <-«» Cyr«»sdc» aad Vicioity; Wat*» Supply |s«9 ... 61
3 — lat«rior «* Tripoli j U»t«r Supply Map . .... *W ' •
• ' i
Jl'<jt,->^ ' ' "'•'•'*

-vb-
 by

She wc*>»6 of <temua ia <Uf«ert wjtr/ejru in

' i :
<fcla*A lii Uu* wrttl»a la tfcui *»skft*r£»

to all wilitury f&aud itt il«ld H

this wh«su expart Lt.a vo be

to
la ord^r to round (nut th« r4?^I.iec. It v«« in so&u p«.rt»,
to rcTiirt to idbfts c^r«»a«»4 ic tiit» ori^iaol »tu4y of tk«i'
MS ^ ;'*12S. iu avlttf of certain vat^aiwsfiUB <&« to Ihe

to thw trcui tr»«*tai8at of to« pra1>l«a» discus »yu in ,!

'•i

&ri^t. 2
Wit r^yiy that could hav« be«n fuar&i«b«4 to Dm qu*itlojus ®«
I -1 . J

thw tin* «llew*4. '' • ';' «*'•:*

'
If tike trefcitciaiit of the proble&s
^
r»l»«d Ofwnot %« o«j*§id&r*4
i ,
!
tu «oa« pjurta, thi» ig 4u@ to th» liaitftlloas; i«^oe@d
i' i :'
•p«ce «a<i ttViiilaljla fct!«aa OB GifiauB **p<«ri<Mace ttt Sorthiwra Af rie,:. In
I ' ' I :
rof «»r t&» roa4«T to Wn* rso»»ici' lu
I
*CI *«
9H
 is tfouuf b,mt n

the E«B<»iirch anal

la «OBift«ctioB with ^.$ ^ | la tia« prase
G«Benfaiisut;ai',iit a, I;, xritr. , who was cliief of atttff %« icdd
ia Africa, la ropljri»i< to ;uu i-oj»«
«usctloQa, t-hoau to tba ^problem of
la the i%4& u»« ef two
a geologist of
vith tlu ftfrioti Cor we as uilitm ^.i l'-,4i to
1943. are laoiuded iu «iil» .jVv.wf 3.
to ia laportjuicv cf ttee e«iver«l
aad maiatsiu t/lthift thi)3 r'^ewJit vosfc* t| twia.lNiia 1*^04 4, waxy
to repeat . sauc of UafoitaqUoo in H3 » ' the
IH
it is Jfoui*d that eartaia tubjuots are not traatei
i : ' . ' i
ia th« *itnaa of the quotations e«tlc«4, thiu i*
ie RVaiXiiW.a in th» fi*Xd tt» or %a the

A title prufsBiuloa. |
<1I8$P-1£9
i . ;
1 i

f«H)t that th*i> fidktiag i& Africa took plact iu iua»t»a to the
L
•f
'
'
a trutt ^tts&rfc war« not preee&t. i• • ' •'
t

upon tLc
tii adocuutu aupply of till .of owatmt. Hocg
'

flow of thttvc eur^pli** is ducieivoly ly

cli«iatiQ ce&ditio&f*
i'ho prc^lBffi invoked in tba n not v<hnt
^a supply l«v<vl» th«t i^,
of fuppli^g htyoaa thy > had ou th« oo«r««i
U to to do rather vith & uf
«? cjrnpioif-ed in troops, whether tb«3
hed UK; cfi"«sct» o». , if ee, what U»ct-:.c
'
were, ^ So ft~r M.
, tho ^iveu by thu witiior n,i-« c^.
or
cior«> str^tojic sur.pli* "b^r.uo* tha iaQ¥«ii40i».t of Buppliww of cctcl
to tbu troopa is exclunivtaly n c;att<;r of org^iKetion, thw avvJLl^bility • '
of Bv'i-413 ef tr4..iii3;-;c.ri;r',tictt pnd !-hw .-^oaailiility to ctri'y put wr.-^/orttttiQA*
; I
Ia| urouiicl uv-.-^Grcutiott it eaet lie btvrtiu in fcind tfcfit it iu ir-" i,acior
to •ar&ouat uifficuitie« by a fla~l^lo adnptetiou to earietitt^ cire.uast«a«o
i • * .. '•
by wndvj'-voj'lajfj to forct Afttufo* 'irejaeportiitiott ^y wit* ^uk0a pructi^all]
iii flexibility possible. ; •'
iey®. deeort' werfure it vill alv&y* ^«i UbO«J8»fcjry, ot.ao tha ccu.rt» :
/-,.'•
•*<
a battle trJc^g a fuvoruble turn, to cr8tHbli$Ji advwics itu^ply a^ot9 Itt '
MTJM* uaita iu eo tlwt tho cua
 JKU9 I

a pursuit. iiflwst ba*»« will fce,v.e U> te

w*si protected fey *irbara« , wo« nl^t Hires Jtev« to
rj-4*l& in ecu^t. .
I • .
• ike 'swr® ia»orci,iit itaea to u to tha la
air« fuel, :"v)0d Mt*d water, epare pi-rfce for
'Xhto pltiua cf Uio *-ya]?OBsi4tiXe ttippljr officer i« oa t)U« fide oi"
, ha will te title, ey «aa*ai« of raaio oow«ataio»tiOtt or li

ii' iui'on^c-4 QU tia^ t-ituaUoii, &,

If it
radio i:«
; ' ' X.11 c.vt;.ili.l:ifc ^W;U.K af Oft, thw uu; air
OH the eis* i^rtjilttli- uii.t V ouu ci««,tml . /, COUGH**

i-4.;;t bo for u;:, ,ri cioc*

fc.ir &uripa or ;jt,-i

i or tuppiiuo ^oved iu
•

critic.:>l
h*v» to 1>« *up,-;ltaa, or v

I
Until luaviff wjpte of -plaito* with a ar« :|
I ,
•9 constructed tliati thwjc caa Iwid eufaly wxultr d«»«jrt it vlU
i ! :
fcf ft*c«w»ar/ te favor lighter Hypwe witii H l«»j&ar
further tt&relopffitrut of tPM&lsyi&ti Iwitlin^; gear do
: •.' i

>.:, 4 . -'
 •
*•
'i.i
tfe* sitttfctioa Sa this r«»p«cfe. ill* •apply of coafoat fetus-i«l to
aftvaae« det&chiasatts, eacirelod ci««llei" «aitB or to patrols eeple^ted ea i ;
jRl«*ioa* of wwsftl day* duratloa fcgr air 4»p ia aa Isportoat
!
'
' Whether ti»a developiiuaat of zjjsciel t^p«f <*f v«hlcl«»» for
is u«<jaawiry or praatioftiiXt* la « «o«t poiat
in (h«» trejisporfcotiioa £
ls« axciilltnt la CUM th«at«r of oosratioat ui^t %« uealcas, iu
«v. if jmv^d o? uitg)ttV»i fir* roads
ba givea profe?«ao&4 for «c»AOiaiesl r«K*«O8 if for ao
if rouda i*ev« ta 1s«i e«astmet«>d» t&e v«r/ gUKMfeitjr
tiaa p&ce cf op«ratioae. £hia fact tJw eaa^KiKler of a Uiu&W? of
<.

op«rat»iaaa taa asd sact acc«pt &s tt coiistaat. U* Hast fifilitJ Ma

I

afld MsdUmvo? to dwfeat the eaeiqr whau 6b« «ita«.tioa s&«*»» uost f
I
for this p-ujryo&e. fho supply senrifcie iowi •rarythiac eoua*ttc«i U
i
tie sa&p«i;d to tkis rfeoulrcinij&«.
A force vMch huu tsri»a sport at itii vfciiiul«« capable of ^.ovluj ,,t tha
paoa as Its cotabo.t vtiiicl«a caa opoyat* iatl«p*a4toatly» ea
ure ctiiiitjpii^d. Kara, & high sviW of cp*«4. is aot uw
«• a
' It Is h^rOly likely th«tt th« t^aiijti^jat of a. road
uail to «&ch dlvisioii, ».a *oADi»t9d ty General Jiey»rl»i», vill
i ' . '
d«aert coMltioaa, a divitioa ai^t m»v«
i ''',
of kilaiMita
' ri ia a direct ioa «atirely difforoat froa that ia vhioli its
Goattroatioa unit has pr«par«4 « road. It weald c^pfar
aAviaabl* to eoaeoatrato all ro*4 cowetructioa vail* ia a pool
La eoantniatifif a r**lly ^ood «»pply roulo ia!ta«
•89>li
• .n :i
•^
 •"" **
i
!
•
j
.5-

of thxu»fc of th<» 4*ruy.

Jf tiiy ^wr^tt iviia follow tiw (ifeuared dirovtioEi of & coaat, coa«t»l
witii a uuttU dsruf <s will play «a importattt roX« in th«

•kips nnd tU«ir vulfi^s-i^ilitjf to air nttuck ia

will provo jj^rticularly vnluable if th«y «r« M
tixay their c;jrgo«a on opeu cau»tt t
of

isi uoviti^ eup^ly tayas farth«r

y&tor tiupoly coru_ua ahoolti 1*0 1 itiffwr visibly fro»
-rdlsutioa of
!
- I
of thw uu.iply &«rvlcau. It 1* rGcuuA;-eusi«»d ttel vatsr foil
be iiitci-fepwi-uud iti coluasasj Hu
r^-ja^: ou pa^a 48
net fiViila'tiics la the Jwhnsuuht ir» bat tyv?^ct. If
wtr« nat u^u ly thm ua^iir^ uuite viutj-iu^ th« ca:(.yuifia ia ^.af
 -fi-

SO $JSWlf,y8 (,-4

IS i/i.,^2 Uj&ft

a Coups,
of

1^41-43 period. UudvP civili^u cau<.'itit.ui>-,

will uai* fnr iiora water tkaa iia ttotutilly Baeds ioid 1« i;.. i^-c
to fcre^o tie u«u»I h&oitt., for ibat&aa«« hio l
partica.iarl/ if he kuuv& fciiat &a abuodiiUt BUppl/ of
I

It fcVailti'eltf. ^urihfepzaure, tlia v^*v si<^t of uater or cf

liquids ie£ue«g a f s@liug of thirst. In co&traet, & uoldiwr

of w»t«*r sad with wurpvJLsiae *p*«4 aeettrtOM ai«Mlf to au

i. • . • • <». .t. -"• l':|
with the Kinin&n quantity ooaeietoat with toelth.
>l«c<i tN uiftiflOK requirtotot »»t toro Ut«nr p«r
r, 'this tsppiiwf only to tniMd «thl*t«« with wxtr«a«l/
pwfojmu»e(»» H»d T«ry eodwrfct« r«^uir«««&tf ^at^ should &ct iu» '•'I

ly
 la

Xa the , th« aiai&uia dully wat«# ratiau m$ faus* lltert,

viilcii two liter* warw u»«id for oooktug »*A two fui* wi-
^
-o allavioui@ ««i* a&l«; fur vb&iiin*. Howe
ua- trecpg hu4 to ^ rww'U-Ut^d to
ef llao. If aacli a KiVua'wica arosa, '
tiroops pwi-f OJTCC huC io f or^iio h^^ltinio habit* aaa u«t &;J7 yui!-
or of & lU«tr of Vi;,£«r for Kttth jrtu^osat.. i.v.o cusu in •
wkich thia v®# aurlnu- tiw Gurtt;^ ratrwaV fi'tju t,.^ wobruk
to t'Uei or fi i& l^oaub^r 1^41. '
of or otawwis* thw aoraal
^. ".i»*ca this, ^tioi
low* is. w^.ii tut uiiiteir iaoaths. C'a iiic o^i.-,;
it
i:. la «sceptivtttiili Lot
if of watur utrc p,Tailfebl«,
th«3 norsui rutiOA wet Q&& fcoilo-u (-j. Iitfc;r»)
liA ecuvo« uad l.fc ^Blloas pu* u /or troopt
otiher uuu iaplcj'ttd tit JiaftVjr labor iu th« vicinity of ;.-,t;yx* \
,
eto, Wl* sul«4@Q« wiU b« foo&4 ia
copy of u report pr*pwr»d V the HUitwrjr Q«olo#ic»l el
Oitnuea Africa Corps on tbt ¥»t*»r «r««aiiXAti«>» la tb« >..
 ,f

itt Of

;i.'or t&is thw a wit to t Afy&f*

'vo tfaliiroil fccifitr levtilft fa^inv iu Ehw ee.u of tJ;w ,.'ar

, & fi^v^-vrtc.i- li-v«X lu thu Uto^Btono or e otsr-.-c , of

*v or t

of th« 4et'p-Viiter Iwv^l of

. da-jcrt of va^itTW. 2^jrpt iw in ^« Wiyloo* of of

ike £uct,'*n. rihe' Wutcr flcw» tiortiiwurd through

cud U«e ta-'iiiiU-/ cl^ak taid e*a,rl foivatiioao, ha coa ^ ecu; f^
l profiltj prepared V thu 12tti Htlitaxy Oeolo^ic-sl i
to tha Qarcwa Africa Corps* in October 1S43 (uke^,j$t 9).
; ltt vclieya other Sills vator leve>X ri8i*a oluoyt to tlif
Burfeea and causes- the foniuitieni of nad
iwrraitt, how«i>v<wP» it i
t&ppud l»i: cuaeas of c&ap well . (J;hoto I, pe^c 10). rJ'he
liaita of thi« v*t«r l«v«l euro to IB** found ia %he of Q*«f»

vifeh
•'[«>' .!•• "

their ojrte«i«oi ^ria«i (photo X t pa«« 10)« : •

C^rr«ka»iQa* with it« hi^» reAof«»U.. i» » typio»l bwrr*n rook

river bed» in liorth«ro •'il

^11
 Loam. Clay and similar
'''-~
GranitS Gneiss etc. t. -t
-9-
, Quarternary
Limestone Subsurface Water Level 'Formation and older)
Longit_udinal_ . _ _ . j.Scale 1:2i 000 000
_— . ^_ *•?. , •• -j * Recent Tertiary
Sandstone Sea Level (Heights multiplied by 100)
Lover Tertiary and Recent

Prepared by 12 Mil Geol.Det.Panzer JSrmy of Africa, October 1942

Quattara Depression Bahariya Oasis

Karga Oasis Nile Delta at
Wadi-Halfa
 Abb.BV27 |ilr Mlwiba, uuch M*-*»ha ('££' \V N, ,27* 57 OX Ucgt-au dcr Pi
Djcbel Uwcnjit Wwdi llulfa miitfii uuf vlmr Si-rirfliiclie, ilic zum j.andcif gul
{jcci^'nel isl. Als Siehlinarkfii tier Urun0fO»li-Hc Mini fin kl*lnf*i llulxbfiusvhen unil
ein Ilol/^i'rfi.sl mil .Suilv-imli' 211 m-iiwn. D,T ii7 in tk'fe liijiinnen
•wasser) lic^l iinlrrdi-ni i(ol/$>enii.%t unil Kt von cliK-ni ichWiT/'ii blfchbc(gules LSuli-
schlagcncn
- I'-'" iii'il fvhlt uin Uruiuicn mid uiuU luilgcfuhrl wc-dcii.

In'DM JflMfllll

.-. ,*- •*. --"-•

 Supplement j -11-

££ub*irfao« watajr it confined to evwrieo* «o*d finds Ita

• : !
to UM furfaet in stream &prin«« (ukatflb a, p*g« . 70, tfator: i^ply i
1
| • • .
Cyr««*lc«. l«4y). , • : . '

! «.reus»«JttOM;gs! <*r« different la 1'HjiOll. where tb* hi^ tiefu;**

.
«top« fc»4 cotdouaea th« asolBtuy* corri»d by the w^ud from tho
ea. Shw v«t«r thua coud*»aed M«p* dova to I*V«JJT lavel
i ;

««lleote in ia»p*rvloua atret*. BO th«t fun ftd*$aat* supply of uateir

c«a IMP found in th* deup w&t«r leval «f tho SJtfiur»t tb« c«jj»tal
'

Of fvipoli* la certftic party, the water supply i« t«^«d ty

i'hia water level «xtenda ftaatvard to tb* rofiftn of ,,..„—,„,,,. —. T , ^
•! -m
wtegiaa wsdlu vert drilled (Ad t^tdo tb* aettltaent of tha region : i 'f
i . i: «9
(photo 3, w*&> 13). , ' ;: . •.• 1;'"-f
' ! r''-:i
*!i

Ae far as th* ^vrJLlAbility of water supplies for tliw Xt<»lo-GL,rwiii'i

i. In Tripoli, thtt dctp venter l^vol v^a taf^ed by 00 iuaoy

e tlmt fto aow drilling wo« uucasa&ry during the brief i^riod of
notion tberfe (:•;!:;«ten 9, pa^e 71; Ufttw 'iuri^ly Ka^ t Interior of iX'i^oli).
• i
! 3. In Ci'z-c^aicc.. euffioituit etrou^ eprin^a w«r« available to iasar*
i . :
«n »d«cujfctc wur,nly of v&ter for Iwr^a bodies of troopt. JD«cp vti.Il %
™^ •• , • ; ft,'£ '
ia contrast, is «txtr«ualy riaky ia taiw region, for wblcu r«mian no new

9. '
In the Gulf of ttrts (il A^«il»»Mttft« lil Bvw^i) «ad in
regioua an w«ll a« ia ve»t@f-a &$ypt uorth of th«
daey w«ll drilline held out wall prosp«ota of
no d?illi&& v&a <Uui* in
 -lii-

Artesischcr Brunnen in dcr neuen lantlwirtschafilichen Siedlung ,,Crispi" in Libycn

 MS -13-

• to «a of th« c.

4. IS CtotFfctiosc fc.ua $xt«ad«<i tw tlw y«gipa of eouthura Li1j&

th* »etttaa«j ffeaciw»$ of %h* watera «Uf%*rt,
voold huv« t^ucita gf clo-tttuive Impart i.-uce, la
d««9 v&ll driliift^; tirulp^icat vtuisl hiivy Twu i'hc
^ depth f-t which weter ^ou!4 b*» foua4 ^oalct bav*
i
of Ijell'u nap of the Static iM'baxurfjiLey wutar

bl turvcya (ckstdi 3, Ball's i-wp ut th«i Static

IB th@ v.i.-iUra Llt^iai Daewrt, 10^7).
Abovt-eurfecs? feud tx«t»7»fiujrfivoa wntar l«>v«l« were i'ar
facto rs. JiruBadiateijr aft<*r rain QOUEu«uo«<lf B&ti»uirt»K
' ,

bsen takuu to o^tfih bad oonsarvti thy watgr sad to follow it up

threap «I1 «ti^«»» of its 4owttw«,ra flow in crd«y to »tor« &» t,udi of l»
*• posel^la.
i '

gi7 coe>s>tfel ia-*ia8 it ie poawible to

of corrugatod Iron pl»t«i, i^uvel pit* «ftd to forth, .'
<||BUMItiti«s »rv axtrftcwsiy siu»U \>ut ot'tuu <;^it« n««ful. HQUWJ s^id toot
!•
roof • should ta co&ttxugted to «»to)i rain wat«y.i :
!" ' ' ! ' :
j f roopa who are to fitkt ia d«m»art* n««4 cgppropriat*
ia toia sob^aot. Svttyy n«A mat r«*U*» taat! ffoiry ^uort of
'

that 2u» coa obtUa for faJjwelf r«lt«v«t tlMi burd«

urd« on tU
'
_
Mrrie«*. Ui» ro»ouro«fu3jj«i»« «M,*% ta d«y»lpp»dI »ad' Jw
• 1
wist
'
to fU&jp hlsjealf aad aot to
h*T« ««v0d ua en
 M9f -14-
j
it w« in thw (kix-aaa Atsert
to roof®, flat rock «u$fita0» e«n bt t«$?oy<*4 to cs
: - j
Watty *jad tha v£»t<*r tlai* out«tia»il eta bt stojrtd ia eitt«ras.
• ; • •
uodflfi for th« typ* of Isistttllatioa gut&eattd hart o»a be jfoaud i& w.
1 . '
*4ri4 rs^iouw; ^ f aw eaaEpX«» iur» Vli* rook bw*k vnttxteoltt of
Africt* th« of i-oet Africa, tUe Oaa«B« holtt of Auo«r»U'j,. tha
rook Umk» of tad tii« GaU» of ^^pt f ' ell of *&icta tare ti'tv ru0s)lt.
I • •
of tht cheulc^l of rook, tba tfftctt of which &ry p^tiau^
ia hollovt of tfce v«t«r collect luj tliurt.
hollows nrw the nutiou of
of tha v/iud durle^ . »aid, if
h« «haie, for
•
ii!icur»t of uatwr veil into the dyy BWiaoa. uiiey
provided wltli iuid cafichijitT a&vlc^6 and prat@«tt«d e^i
o*a prov«*"ut;eful iu tba tisrta-'bllbiiit.^iit 1 of «trou^ points in
or *• wttter supply pola^s /or patrols, ^iwall datuditaeatio «aia no
i If'r^e oii*'6f-rjis V«*:?Q coustructed iu anclaut tlaav by t&e
(photo0 4-7, pisi'SB 15-16). Hou«Vcr, cout of the* «> old ci«tur& uo
loa^tr of toy uta to4«^( in eont caoae b«o&u»« tfcoir d»tch«tuat
• '
tt»B do&troytd ia thfl oourtt of U&MI oviof to tht a*tun»l 4iaiBti*-
• !
of rock. fio«i«ra lur£» oi«t«ra lu»tallttioat vtrt ••".•; ,,
eoo«tru«t&4 ti
.
tat Ittlitaia is kloya lea^ otfort the euatptdfiB iai nortbara IAfrica be^jsua.
i. ' , I " ' .
17 and @0*31, pe«ts 43», 48b) j !
Q&t iaport«At Ki*sion of tHt «s«ft«y rvBpoatiblt for tilt supply of '.I
•.'-•• .. ••: .• I •. • •! :
it to 6»c«rt«in tii* cifc* of nil ol«t«n»t txi*tiA4i vilj^iB the goat ^:w
-.Ilk
. I . ,'

..f
MS -is- ; ,vi;

Ci»tara» la tte iiaa 20* tw&i

Abb. G 22 \\adi Iluuimauiut aul' lialbvin We.iie zwischcu tlciu Nil mid
Kosser. Ant' Ucm cbenen, brciten Wailibodun, fiber den heule cine bc-
I'estjgte SlralJc I'uhrl, cine Brunnenanlagc mil allem R6mer( bmnnen links. '

iaa

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S**£»r*Btv'--*-!':- ^aE^iiS^iiateaaagi^^i^^^ .-
 iff

' • '.. -; ,r?js?r-i-..' •

j^'S;-'•'•:" .:$ gfft '.•'•;

h"-^" ;i-iM.;' •
Ahb. JJll.'J ; All dt-r Wassi-rsU'Ihf von Ma^hura Ci()° 11'N.'J8J ."):i'O), am .SiuU-iulc
(k-r uiiKt'lalir ilas Osii-nili- dc-r unlci' dcin .Mccrcssjiii-^cl lii^ciuk-n clt-s Salxsi-cs MUI .Majjlutra.
Kallara-Senko kciinxcicliiii'l \-\<\. Plu-i'-
siclilskarlc). Ms isl nur wi-nijf I'l'lauxi'iuviii'lis in <lt-r Uni^cljtin^ vorliaiid cn, das \VassiT inuli rrsl anf-
»i'gral)cn
-,*» :* *
.-* *
 vjiter
, ho fiosl* uo water in it. It is asoettWPjr for hia to Icncu tkat
" $
will ooiy to rewarded if h® di^s? oft»r •uas*t mad tbet. fco in* tit woit "
£ti V capillary setioa find* it* v«y lute th» ti "'*- ' -y

At tifcee, sasli s-ouuda forts ov^r aoict ipreuad, thu

of vhu taolaliui"^ co tlx&b it is £>Qt ^lovtt fiusy \>y tlit-
ft Ucuvy ^"ovth of vaiivtii»iiia t>r^ diia oftua ego iuu-ic^titu ^i' '41

i« rursli* Voa^'-i la ^ha least

daMtrt. It it> oaly v;;-_uv aaeti dyi'owiiu art» tMck or
floor ti" «i Vf^viit.-/ for w. lo&c dv
fry vatur iu
etrata, the cour«« of
tiie gtftarsl direction of thw vrai^. ?fee poi&t of o^&fl^^c^ cf • f
tvo drjr rlv*r bods is u^anily » fsvor<iblw spot for drilli«ig. £f t..ui
of ft dry river is Itpttrtio&blii for coco alataoc*! a olou« ii.tpoctic.ii
mTffd taad or ^r«T«X filled potfeol«s waich Kijiit coat«in yut«? for a
I |, ,s
IOM *iw> fcfttr rain. If tb* rtver l»od oontftiMJ eo«r«« <r»v>l, «a effort , ! f i|
s -u—** ».- j,^^ t0 ^j^ i^ At^t,t point* of tho ,— _,,,._ ,„„,
I ';:-•• /H^
Eh*uc«8 of fiadimj wftttr «f» Vottwr i» ^road, eptfi T«ll«qr9 tboa MJ
• 1 ' • ' i * r : . :,f!
U a»rrow »t*0p «ortc««, tat It vcol& be wron* to di« or drill at «root§ ;
i
the flow of th« vfet«r feat H<m w «Ii^xt t^»t it — ^,tf,^ r,^.^-—
T . -^ i -r T , , p* T-^i , ,r,
.. „. . jj

f|
If-
'r
ptmoif
jro
flf '»I .TO
jro
*f ye
 talt clo*« to tfaesa miXt i0erfch<ttfe,
water swy i '&o fvoiid ua4«r$r«ua4 with a f»r lw«r «s»lt ecu Was*
It** « tht •u&lnltlt>t-~w :,ut it
to •pjfG'tf** that* $u c-u^wull vn.t«r, th« hl^ eialt coat«iH oi' ww
«f VA»tcr ^orcplut^B only slowly to wat«r of & lowwr jj«lt

e.n4
I 114 the vlcinit/ of th« will
thin JU-^wrw or la K&O.H p&tehaa ws ^Op of til* eait^f ta^K
U hs»o collected » i&*t rtin without «,u y^'t
fro® th<$ VRtot" billow It ii,
Chapter 3, vpeniUoaji of tht 12th '.Hilary Cuolo,.;lCHl at
01" '|
SollttK). SBStics II of chapter 3 contains a r«r»ort on tfet '
potable tffetfe>r pat3& of this type lu a vadi fct Ecllua. fhle
. I
i
'
th« pott>l3l« v&t@7 in ouch p&tchep is rapidly if
out too ruplcU/, m\lty %r«t«r will flow Into th« veil,
•applies o^teiaud thus provtd hl^ily v^ilutWe «cd helpud to rulitwi
tht utralc c» tho supply earvloee.
-
*
: Oa th* whole, tko cUswandg kade la rtcptot te tht Quality of
"< * .; i
vattr ia daaart »rt&0 should not %« es hi^i %• la «ore tt«a«iyrite •i
I**
la tht K<urBazrie$ rt^ion tht troops at oo ti»t rec«ivtd w*tfer vlth «.
I i
ehlorlett coateut lover th«n 1 £!>»« p»f llte», whiah it unttnlly toffioitiil
' ( i
to icirt tht v&ttr HA unnleapattt t«at». Ovlftjc to tht lor^o itmouatt o4T
I . ; ' j •''•!'•
§dt cQttttf&t wf tht %*«twp o^tAJUfttd £MM wtlit

• \"' >* •
Oft ;taf av*ra«p to . o
p*y~ lit«*r in tb* late- W»*U»A
i
1 fcoth buuauas caa iwiapt tfcma«elY«B to *«*«» with
sf.lt ce»t«at, eosd wet«jr that ewauat b« uw4 for
putpes«« of taxi i« sttil;»ita.Q for takia^ or for pr«p&ri&^ to^pi wad uv«a
' • '
i " , ;*
It 1« vory ^rookivh it »till cwi ^« u»«d for ankiafi eoooa. *>>" I

Cviag to tiio epui-iiity of v*fi«tutloii mut populfttieo* w»*t«r la &rid

rarely ceataius Itspuritlea of &n pr^toio uattttr* unite* thy jpi»ua4
iailbe viciiiit^ i* polluted* e^-luafe y%i(9b very sttriat procautio&6
Vssry usvwi'ts pwialtifiiB wust be ii^o««& oa the pollutioa of
la «JL1 ar^^a vhero v«llc urw »ituo>t«d.
If tast we fe&i (ja«li« tl&i-i» eiw quality oau b« it^ruvtiu Uy
la. '<*b,a« it la ellovad to e*ttlw to thw
of
of ,-1'iia ausy Ita uacd to th* prtoipitatloA of i^puritio*
a&4 of iocliiy or of pota«b oua ba «.ddw4 to
purify the watar a&d tiaprovo it»
i
She ttble on ptk^ju 2S ahow« tto typwe of water napply vxjiiifce
• fouod lu d»aert areAS, tft« eitea at vbicli taty taay t»«
i
furth«r
 ;i
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j^sg ail's
<"2 • fl> t|
"3 &« 9 * v*
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2
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3
K5 $ 3V129 -26-

of isippiy for the asm** troops ia tna r.m

«&d la toa wetom d«st?rt of £&ypt v&o found' in tba tteuz^au.rxVc^
1
Iprsl Is du&tto (sketch 3* pafit 27 j c&ttcb 4, p«gs 2i), in the ^-i-^
rtCloa la the aeer-mrfiMji* v**t*r loval in vadia, la th rc^iott t
!'. • ': 4
ift «prlttiS* (J**1? 2, pa^s 61). £<aiavat«r l«k«t alto pl«y«d a rol«, 1
i >
pwrticularly wh«& thw front WJMI »t £1 AlwcfiR. Sh* C««MW foi-cws i»t no
) ' ,;i
ti*e had to depend on the KSK^wr w&ttr sappltaa to be found In t&a d»Mf|r
• •'?
prop«r. It is n«twthole»t |j^arotiv«ly nto«Be»jy tha
*r »ai>ply officer* tafora ta««»«lveg thoroughly o» th« vetor «
ia the desert and instruct their troops ourrsatly, so th«t the troops vfiV
&•I . ftble to fculp themselves in the oeee of «a «B8Jr«s&qr.
'
A, knowledge of :-H
.. ;

th* srpmrluncd r01ftt«d hurs has eaved tha life of Rosy «, soldier. v;
The water present in tfe# deep subsurface virtt? level is raeoveted I''
by ttsjic* of deep drilling, lior civilian purposes Mat of the v&tar 1* if
pWBpsd V jAio<ii;K of vlndaills (photos 14 and 16, pt*ge« 29 rmd 2iM) which .,
hsffe provci «^tr«a&2y w:ti»factor;' buc»u»e of the steady winds
I, bat v>hi«h uocoeeitate thtt Kbove garfww storage of CA

:" iI
bo propsrly developed. At tlaos, th» flow of utittr
b« iaor««sad by cle«ri«£ and «ad oth«r deposits tn* th« op4«xioi; ef
'^>-.t "
spriag »nd by rwaoving th« siatwrs. Cwat osjrf smst b« «xercie«d to
•void oh«£«ia« tha *et«blisB«d hydrological conditions in spring wr«es.
is a hjuard in spring aa it l«ad to » co«pltits loss
of th« vat«r
It wa» found to dir««t tc«r flow of %mtwr froa « uu&bttr of
 Sketch 2
|s*s

Simple Type
Well in Dunes

Sand Dune
Sand Dune

Water Trench

Coast
Salt Marsh Fresh Water Level

. =SK

Salt Water Level

• ,1
Livi- i.-i. •^••|::!--lv!-..ivi;:t:-r
, « 'I- '.^ •:.»"! •' ' •
cr>
-T. r , . ^^-.^----j-,:,.-!^'^^^^*^^^,,.^;-,
T"—^""psa ; - .i.£~f
t .i-'S-'ss-aa
* •
-.^.a;.,;^::.>fe:., t v;-aj;friSjgai»i*'«^
«" ^
 m
f
i £ : '.i

® sir
IFp
Abb. A IV ! Malar, Brunnen und Pistenkreuzung rund GO km OSO vpn Adjedabia, i litfgl in einoin .
ebencn, ci ige Kiloinelei- grolien Becken, das allseilig 10 bis 30 in anste|f!l, der :rundc ivvcipc WassfrbfhalU'r,
und das indrad sind gut zu ,suheii, lel/lerus busondurs bei Tiuffluf,'. Ani Hruniiea lic^l 0in II i I f s 1 a n d f if]
pla Iz, a ^einem Landc-T und der Hckbuzeichnuii-j kcnnllich. Dor. Bod m wird von ejlnijr tVslen Sandlt'iinq
•. I {•cbildet, dercn Uewuchsnng fiuUcrsl spArl.ch is'l.'

iR-3
 iafco oa« . VUt«ri
if
«nd. wfeiclj «ttp« of e4r
filters, SlU diaM«t*r of tfet
vlll not Of f illod to capiwity «r«a
i
tfe*i? hlgbfttt flow, IUtt«tT»tloa« of *«T«lop«4
photo. 10 nwl 17. p<^i 31.
wattr
or tr*ftch*«. Cha waUi uro u«uj»lly ««• to thr««

Nfttl fflethod l* I*?-

•. t
i

If th«va in
f»to* th* •well* it ii RtiVlwaWLe to «aid off th<* OOttO» Vltls,
to provide holaK la th« iow*r Q^etiont of v*U
of
v«i to UM a tMvabln intako to * float,'"f.r1
ae thut

A. ««rlou« 41ffl«at/ Otic* !• often fMoiat«»t4 it

vldmi. • fliii uot oitly
 • '*,'

$»$> %*•!.»# At Bia er

fI
rt
 WATER SUPPLY MAP

i sketch 4

a-n LI a 'ara

***•» sj. if r f*~t. .... r ;^

0F WfcLVS UH ;»ai,'E
Hatwr
•.--
Berth er&t*r»

* •* --«»
 ..
rfi SSIH TJIA ^VU
?3S Ml
- 80 -
 Ki^fe;: .__ : "
i ^'-tt". •
K Xj

•^ AK'v-^^^-s
J^••V^w
£4*^y^ /'f
X' \/!C ^
•-•;^:;^-"-\V>^rv-. .-.-i -/.--^ . { ' ' X )•*
''-']' -'-^ v ',fx^ SP^Yi ^"! 'W^^
*&&$&
?«S^1 •
^sM^«4
-.-••.^K:- : v'Av;/-\vi^-—-r^ "" ^
• -A'V:.: .-.U'f '•^^Xii^ii^'i^<T.<i£> « V.
 Content of Water in the Baeseyat fladi

Sketch 10
Scale: 1»2000
J
Fig Trees '
/
Bank of Wadi. ''. .-
[i^Qr®lloles» uPPer Figure: No of Borehole, |
/,,;!t^ :.,;; f"Lower Figure: Chlorine Coriteni in
^..w/i.1 - *;V. tVii.-.- LWirltch^ Milligrams per Liter
c ,•;'.-,-/;.' -tifivi'i^c^.r.itJ' ii-i m.,. 'i I ,,.,.,..4, ^^
of Equivalent Salt Content ' ~ :'!o) •"' . /-

-.• • »—4 i

o (i
v M.;o

IMtotli

m
 1 frO'.-'i f' :|
'i l^JS'x 6 1
'^V- -f.-V^-——£~~~H- ^. £ •!:;'•'^ -." .^ ^
V»\A v <x%v +••• i t *• ^ Ni-^ :•••:;?. -»^ . : *.i
h%:* \l k. \\ t', i I I • « h • n-"?i]-L
 iy Engineer Commander j
2th Military Geological Detachment
 each Cf^'-i'/ it «re«tt$ Ws
'.;iil se&tle

of ttw veil tj^fe

120 flush With t&O bod Can lie ^cw

gls«* fCS- fche pUiSilfl 1« «3

CAtt ooAtitiUft oviift 34T ttm vtv^ir 4s

t/jstea at fobTufe la t^>f %i£Ci«% to %• foui*4 i& r
the uaT"3i»rica x^t^loo* It
*»0 ,-»--- --- . - . -, - - . -
i
jTjfOSI Mlhltshi It- flOW 4ni»0 tiUI WftlJWS' BMkAlMI Of

- . „.. ^
forc« te
_ f
34, uiufl^fficaa »
jiOt pag* 35 j| chovc A wXl. 4a£ tef 1i^g itttl
aaisitif tiie v»r, nu4 Hut "mar ««r»t««a^l«. head
*t M» i& Q*ral*

. :443>
4& Slke toroft (<£:«fceli 3,
'1C! <
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"»i, .. ,

ltt

:,«
 ~i •'"."" "tr
ft; ..-T
. «el %o %0 oi»fu«fcd
 wilt, twawwr
of t2as» later £trrcl 'J wattr
division, She fufgigment*

iiw ai-t-Uli, j co

Jfor units iwrei. w^twi- mpplitti w»r» ftjvuratj

' v«bioj>*i •« *rt of
•
 stev^lo^sd, firsts

,^9 eoS£<;4^» ee that ^§

to tdUr -wAto 1* h&d
iisi vi*uld (ti

However, this

and v«4*«a with ttit cli,v6

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points are asst4«&od &a «*&«?» of tfe* Stfe Sealfc Africa**

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—-—•——f .4* ,*-

// ^
-— -f"- +-f

Contour Sketch of Solltm and the Haaoeyat Wadi j

Contour of High plateau

 .-69-

5 Sites fr the Basseyat Hadi

ss ls50(X)

legend
Old Ssltitter Well (in use)
-Destroyed Sell
Bev Boreholes
Fig frees
The mmbers shown are re*
ferred to in the test.

~' * r" ''li'''t^*^gf- ijr*^^

 - - Strata Profiles in Boreholes in theiHasseyai Wadi -70-

Sketch &

Vertical Scale:

Chalky Limestone-Marl Quartz-Limestone Sand

Green-Gray Clay ..„""" Quartz-Limestone Sand with Limestone Boulders

Clayey Fine Sand Water Level

V, .'. /.

;>- u-
''"*>•--,

—n
-v

Sea Level
LongltBdinal Profile of Lower Reaches of Baeaeyat %udi

longitudinal Seal** 1*2500

Vertical Sealer 1«500

Chalky LiJEsstone Jferl

Fine Sand

Quarta-limeBtoae Sand
Quartz—Limestone Sand with
Limestone Boulders
EE
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 Water Supply Map

Prepared :'by the 12th Military Geological Detachment ebruary 19421

•t Supplies for large bodies of troops

, .good

adequate

in<l equate

; 7' '; only thrO

': : cisterns 1
Important water supply points for military purposes,
I ' ' '^

•-. (bl{i,ck-operating red-operable at part capacitypr not at

Capacit
meter^
( Capa

1 Small wells
: areas where wa1
 |unit supply points.(Japacitia tiOOm3-lbo cubicmeters per hour)
marked on map in cubicmeter^
slopes of Mountain
',;-T^--:'. ". 'j<_Ij.'*iJ#i<,.

i,oa .well a^be side s

IstklL^^

"--
," "'.?~^'fw*
•• rt**j>~M ">O

£&sMt~«* Prat

Jp __ ^: ., ... ..... ... ____. .. . ^. . ,. __.____ ., ———— • •

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